Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa

Imperialism in the 1800’sImperialism in the 1800’s

How does the image below reflect European Countries ideals on imperialism?

Africa Before European DominationAfrica Before European Domination

Divided amongst ethnic and linguistic Divided amongst ethnic and linguistic groupsgroups

Europeans had little contact with Europeans had little contact with interior Africans due to disease, interior Africans due to disease, travel of the rivers and African travel of the rivers and African military.military.

Missionaries, explores and Missionaries, explores and humanitarians were the only humans humanitarians were the only humans to explore the interior of Africato explore the interior of Africa

Dr. Livingstone, I presume?Dr. Livingstone, I presume?The great The great

Dr. Livingstone sparks the imperialistic Dr. Livingstone sparks the imperialistic race in the Congo.race in the Congo.• Went on a mission trip for years. People Went on a mission trip for years. People

thought he was dead.thought he was dead.• Henry Stanley, a U.S. reporter was hired to go Henry Stanley, a U.S. reporter was hired to go

find him. He did. find him. He did. • Stanley continued to explore Africa himself. He Stanley continued to explore Africa himself. He

was contacted by King Leopold III to negotiate was contacted by King Leopold III to negotiate for land. for land.

• This sparks the French, GB, Germany, Italy, This sparks the French, GB, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain to start claiming parts of Portugal and Spain to start claiming parts of Africa.Africa.

Forces Driving Imperialism in AfricaForces Driving Imperialism in Africa

The industrial revolutionThe industrial revolution• Looking for new markets and raw materialsLooking for new markets and raw materials

European SuperiorityEuropean Superiority• Racism- they are better then everyoneRacism- they are better then everyone• Social Darwinism- survival of the fittestSocial Darwinism- survival of the fittest• To civilize and westernize the peopleTo civilize and westernize the people

Advances in technologyAdvances in technology• Machine guns (Maxim), steam engines, a drug Machine guns (Maxim), steam engines, a drug

created in 1829 to protect them from malariacreated in 1829 to protect them from malaria Africa had no UnityAfrica had no Unity

• Europeans used the rival groups against each Europeans used the rival groups against each other.other.

The Division of AfricaThe Division of Africa

GOLD! DIAMONDS! Europeans GOLD! DIAMONDS! Europeans colonize more!!!colonize more!!!

Berlin Conference 1884-1885Berlin Conference 1884-1885• 14 European countries met14 European countries met• Decided on how to divide the continentDecided on how to divide the continent• **no African King was invited and they **no African King was invited and they

paid little attention to different ethnic paid little attention to different ethnic and linguistic differences.and linguistic differences.

Demand for raw materialsDemand for raw materials

Three Groups Clash over South Three Groups Clash over South Africa: Africans, British and DutchAfrica: Africans, British and Dutch

Zulus fights the British• Shaka-Zulu chief created a large central state in S.A.

with a good military• British nearly beat the Zulu, but eventually won and took

power in 1887 Boers and the British Settle in the Cape

• Dutch were the first to settle in S.A. (Boers=farmers)• Clash over land and slaves

Boer War• First modern “total” war due to “outsiders” invading and First modern “total” war due to “outsiders” invading and

taking political reigns.taking political reigns.• Black South Africans were played roles in the war such Black South Africans were played roles in the war such

as: scouts, guards, drivers, and workers.as: scouts, guards, drivers, and workers.• Great Britain wonGreat Britain won

In what ways do we see the effects In what ways do we see the effects of imperialism in this picture?of imperialism in this picture?