Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or...

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Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean Cutworm Silvana V. Paula-Moraes University of Florida

Transcript of Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or...

Page 1: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Scouting and MakingTreatment Decisions forWestern Bean Cutworm

Silvana V. Paula-MoraesUniversity of Florida

Page 2: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Major components

Integrated Pest Management IPM

• Ecology

Kalisch , Paula-Moraes

Western bean cutworm

life cycle in corn

Page 3: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

• Management decision

EIL/ET

Some level of pest is tolerable by the plant

How much pest injury is tolerable?

Economic Injury Level - EIL

Major IPM Components

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ent.iastate.eduInjury or pest density

Major IPM Components

• Management decision

EIL/ETSome level of pest (injury) is tolerable by the plant

Page 5: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

EIL = C/[(I)(D)(V)(K)]

EIL cost-benefit equation:

Economic Injury Level

Cost of managementper area

market value per unit of produce

yield loss per insect Proportionate reduction in

potential injury

Major IPM Components • Management decision

EIL

Page 6: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Some level of pest is tolerable by the plant – EIL

When is the best time to management the pest?

Economic Threshold - ET

Major IPM Components • Management decision

EIL

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Moment the pest population requires control

Typically set below the EIL

Often expressed in another pest stage

Paula-Moraes

Major IPM Components • Management decision

ET

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Estimate pest population density – below or above ET

Probabilistic foundation

Replace scheduled insecticide application

Increase curative control - “right time”

Paula-Moraes

Major IPM Components • Management decision

Sampling plans

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Target pest

Correct timing

Techniques

Sampling patterns

Number of samples

Major IPM Components • Management decision

Sampling plans

Paula-Moraes

Page 10: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Target pest – stagehabitatoccurrence

Major IPM Components • Management decision

Sampling plans

Mendes Paula-Moraes Paula-Moraes

Page 11: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Pattern of sampling – sampling route

Random

Major IPM Components • Management decision

Sampling plans

Paula-Moraes

. . . .. .

. .. .

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Pattern of sampling – sampling route

Major IPM Components • Management decision

Sampling plans

Predeterminedroute

Regular

. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .

Page 13: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Number of the samples

Probabilistic foundation

Balance between precision and sampling cost

Fixed sample size

Sequential sampling

Major IPM Components • Management decision

Sampling plans

Page 14: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Number of the samples

Sequential sampling

Pest population density classification

Above or below ET

Management decision - fewer samples

Major IPM Components • Management decision

Sampling plans

Page 15: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Exercise

WBC speed scout App

Major IPM Components • Management decision

EIL/ETSampling plans

Page 16: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC egg masses speed scout app WBC speed scout App

Page 17: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Western bean cutworm egg mass sampling

WBC speed scout App

Silvana Paula-MoraesPhD Entomology

Major IPM Components • Management decision

EIL/ETSampling plans

Page 18: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout App

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WBC speed scout app

WBC speed scout App - WBCSS

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Exercise

• You are newly hired as a farm manager by a corn farmer in the Corn Belt

• One of the responsibilities is to coordinate the farm IPM program

• There were several reports of yield loss caused by western bean cutworm in the region last year

• State survey database informs a WBC moth flight has begun

• The corn is a Cry 1Ab (YieldGard) just prior to the tassel emergence

• Price of the corn above U$3.50/bushel

Major IPM Components • Management decision

EIL/ETSampling plans

Page 21: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Important information

• Western bean cutworm in corn

• WBC management

• WBC speed scout App – how to sample the pest in the field

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Where WBC occurs?

Michel et al. 2010

Page 23: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

How to manage WBC?• Bt corn hybrids

YieldGard (Cry 1Ab) - not effective

✓Herculex (Cry 1F) - adequate protection but not immune

some resistance reported – NE and Canada

Some pyramided – Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1F/VIP3A -better control (two or more BT toxins)

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• Sampling of western bean cutworm

• Egg mass sampling – early detection

✓ Foliar insecticide - narrow window

✓ Before ear colonization

Paula-Moraes

How to manage WBC?

Page 25: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

• Time to sample

✓Corn stage – pre-tassel

Corn Belt

✓Early to mid-July

G. HeinPaula-Moraes

When to sample WBC?

Page 26: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Sequential binomial sampling plans for WBC egg masses (Paula-Moraes et al. 2011)

Sequential sampling – variable number of samples

average of 40 plants per field

Binomial sampling – presence/absence

plant classified as infested

by presence of at least one egg mass

How to sample WBC?

Page 27: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes 2010Paula-Moraes

Page 28: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

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WBC egg masses randomly distributed

Paula-Moraes

• Transect across the field

• Diagonal path

• Random plant selection

• Egg mass of top surface of leaf

• On leaves above the ear

• Next plant selection -30 rows apart

How to sample WBC?

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• Action thresholds

✓ 4% - sweet corn or field corn price at or above $3.50/bushel

✓ 8% - field corn price below $3.50/bushel

✓ 20% - mid-silk corn stage

When is time to manage WBC?

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✓ Smartphones, tablets or excel spreadsheet ✓ Immediate management decision

✓ Result options:

Resample in 2-3 daysSample 10 more plantsTreat

WBC speed scout App

(Paula-Moraes et al. 2012)

Page 32: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout App

Page 33: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

Page 34: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

Page 35: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

Page 36: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

Page 37: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

Page 38: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

Page 39: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Paula-Moraes

Page 40: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout app

WBC speed scout App

Page 41: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout app

WBC speed scout App

Page 42: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout app

4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel

8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel

20% - field corn, Mid-silk stage (R3)

WBC speed scout App

Page 43: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout App

Page 44: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout App

Page 45: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout App

Page 46: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

WBC speed scout App

Page 47: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%
Page 48: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Exercise

• You are newly hired as a farm manager by a corn farmer in the Corn Belt

• One of the responsibilities is to coordinate the farm IPM program

• There were several reports of yield loss caused by western bean cutworm in the region last year

• State survey database informs a WBC moth flight has begun

• The corn is a Cry 1Ab (YieldGard) just prior to the tassel emergence

• Price of the corn above U$3.50/bushel

Page 49: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Exercise

• Is it necessary to sample this corn field for WBC? Why or why not?

• Considering the corn price today and the corn stage, which action threshold would you use?

• Simulate sampling WBC in field corn in the following situations, using the sampling app and report your results:

1. First five plants infested2. No plants infested3. One plant infested in the 22 position

Page 50: Scouting and Making Treatment Decisions for Western Bean ... Scouting App and … · 4% - sweet or field corn, price above $3.50/bushel 8% - field corn, price below $3.50/bushel 20%

Questions?


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