Scott Dudley Graphene: a US military funding...
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Scott Dudley Graphene: a US military funding perspective Scott Dudley is the physics program manager for the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research’s London office. He is responsible for finding and funding basic research of Air Force interest throughout Europe, the former Soviet Union, and Africa. He obtained a PhD in physics from Washington University, St Louis, in 1994. Since then he has taught at the U. S. Air Force Academy and worked export control and other international issues in Washington. He moved to London for his present position in 2007.
Transcript of Scott Dudley Graphene: a US military funding...
Scott Dudley Graphene: a US military funding perspective Scott Dudley is the physics program manager for the U. S. Air Force
Office of Scientific Research’s London office.
He is responsible for finding and funding basic research of Air Force
interest throughout Europe, the former Soviet Union, and Africa.
He obtained a PhD in physics from Washington University, St Louis, in
1994. Since then he has taught at the U. S. Air Force Academy and
worked export control and other international issues in Washington. He
moved to London for his present position in 2007.
Graphene – A US Military F d ’ P tiFunder’s Perspective
LtCol Scott Dudley PhysicsLtCol Scott Dudley, PhysicsEuropean Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD), London
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Arlington, Virginia( ), g , g
Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 88 ABW/PA Case File Number 88ABW‐2011‐2317
Please allow me to introduce myselfI’m a man of wealth and taste
I’ve been around for many a long yearI ve been around for many a long yearStole many a man’s soul and faith
many a long years ago…many a long years ago…
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977Ilya Prigogine
EOARD – 1952 to presentEOARD 1952 to present1952‐70 Brussels 1970‐present London
“continuity was, in itself, an important aspect in obtaining the respect and cooperation of the Europeanobtaining the respect and cooperation of the European scientific community” (from EOARD History, 1952 – 1975)
AFOSR’s International OfficesAFOSR s International OfficesAFOSR (1951) – Air Force Office of Scientific Research
EOARD (1952 & under AFOSR since 1975) – European Office of Aerospace Research and DevelopmentAOARD (1992) – Asian Office of Research and DevelopmentAOARD (1992) – Asian Office of Research and Development
SOARD (2007, in Santiago since 2009) – South American Office of Aerospace Research and Development
“The sun never sets on AFOSR”
EOARD Area of Responsibility
AOARD
NetherlandsGermany
FranceUnited Kingdom
SwedenSpainIsrael
SwitzerlandItaly
NetherlandsDistribution of EOARD and EC FP7
basic research projects
DenmarkHungaryAustriaFinland
BelgiumSweden
CyprusNorway
PortugalCzech Republic
GreeceDenmark
EOARD projects awarded FY05‐09 in EC Member States or FP7 Associated Countries (excludes Russia, Ukraine, etc.), 309 total.
Top 10EOARD EU FP7/ERCUK UKGermany France
IcelandTurkeyPoland
BulgariaIrelandCyprus (e c udes uss a, U a e, e c ), 309 o a
European Research Council‐‐Starting Grants awarded in 2007 + Advanced Grants awarded in 2008, 574 total.
Ge a y a ceIsrael GermanyItaly NetherlandsSweden Italy France SwitzerlandN th l d I l
SerbiaRomaniaLithuania
CroatiaSlovakia
Iceland Netherlands IsraelSpain SpainBelgium SwedenCzech Rep. Belgium
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Serbia
Percent of Total Projects
A d h d fi dAnd then one day you findTen years have got behind youTen years have got behind youNo one told you when to runNo one told you when to runYou missed the starting gun
Pink Floyd “Time”“Time” 1973
Photo: Live 8 concertHyde Park2 July 2005
The Starting Gun: + + g
Oct 22 2004 Novoselov GeimOct 22, 2004 Novoselov, Geim, et al, “Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films,” Science, 306
From “Graphene – A rising star in view of scientometrics,” Barth and Marx, http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0808/0808.3320.pdf
Graphene for Defense Applicationsp pp
• Next generationNext generation electronics ‐smaller fastersmaller, faster, better
• New applications• New applications– TerahertzN l– Novel quantum devices
Graphene – Current DoD Research Efforts• DARPA ‐ “Carbon Electronics for Radio Frequency
Applications” (CERA), $30M over 51 months – start 2008• Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI),
each typically $7.5M for 5 years ($1.5M/yr)• Air Force “Fundamental Graphene Material Studies• Air Force Fundamental Graphene Material Studies
and Device Concepts,” start 2009• Navy 3 MURIs “Tailoring Electronic Bandgap of
Nanostructure Graphene,” start 2009• Army MURI “Novel 2‐d oxides and nitrides,” start 2011
• Other Air Force grants – further $1M in FY10• Other Air Force grants – further $1M in FY10• Other Navy grants – approximately $1M in FY10
~$15M/year near 1% of DoD’s annual basic research~$15M/year, near 1% of DoD s annual basic research
DoD Basic Research Enterprisep($ M
illions)
DoD Total FY10 Basic Research Budget = $1.8B4 Jan 10
And all the science I don’t understandAnd all the science I don t understandIt’s just my job five days a week
Elton John – “Rocket Man” 1972Elton John – Rocket Man 1972
Digression ‐ Compound Semiconductors
Bandgap Energy vs Lattice Constant for various semiconductor systemssemiconductor systems
1980s
1990s
1970s
1980s
Band Gap Engineering in Graphene
• Geometry –nanoribbons, ,constrictions, vacancy/substitution
l ttisuperlattices• Interactions with substrate or othersubstrate or other layers, e.g SiC
• Bi‐layer grapheneGraphene‐on‐SiC FETs from DARPA CERA
Bi layer graphene• Chemical ModificationModification
• Others
“Graphane” – Hydrogenated Graphene“Graphane” – 1 hydrogen per carbon, tailoring electrical properties with hydrogenation, Geim, Novoselov et al Science 30 Jan 2009Novoselov, et al., Science, 30 Jan 2009
Hydrogen storage ?g
“Graphane” discovered 2009as of 26 Jan 2011
472!
With over 300 of these citing this seminal paper
Sci‐Bytes ‐ Hot Paper in Chemistry
WEEK OF JANUARY 9, 2011
“the report now ranks as the 3rd most cited paper, excluding reviews, published in the last two years in chemistry”
Graphane ArticlesGraphane Articlespapers through 2010
papers thru 2008papers thru 2009
Citation Summaryas of 26 Jan 2011
“Graphene” exfoliation published 2004/5, 62,500
“Graphane” first publication Jan 2009, 472with over 300 citing Geim and Novoselov’s seminal paper!
“Fluorographene” first produced mid‐2010, 18it’s really only ~4 papers, there are extra hits in Google Scholar
Timescales ‐ Idea to ProductTimescales Idea to Product• Fluorescent lamp – 79 yearsp y• Gyrocompass – 56 years• Cotton picker – 53 yearsCotton picker 53 years• Zipper – 27 years• Jet engine 14 years• Jet engine – 14 years• Radar – 13 yearsS f t 9• Safety razor – 9 years
• Wireless telephone – 8 years Taken from E‐Bomb by Doug Beason
Historical Perspective
from Professor Nick Holonyak, University of Illinois, Urbana
Iconic “First” DevicesTransistor
Bardeen and Brattain ‐1947
Nobel Prize – 1956
Integrated CircuitKilby ‐ 1956
Nobel Prize ‐ 2000
Graphitic DeviceGeim and Novoselov – 2004
Nobel Prize ‐ 2010
Message from Nature?Message from Nature?
ThanksSundog over Stockholm, December 8, 2010, morning of Nobel Lectures in Physics
Contact InformationLt Col Scott C. Dudley, PhDPhysics Program Manager
Get charged up …European Office of Aerospace Research
and Development (EOARD)
From London: 07733‐01‐8892 (mobile)Address: 86 Blenheim Crescent
Ruislip, MiddlesexUnited Kingdom HA4 7HB
From the U.S.: 011‐44‐773‐301‐8892 (mobile)From the U.S.: 011 44 773 301 8892 (mobile) Address: Unit 4515, Box 14
APO, AE 09421‐0014
DSN: 314‐235‐6162C i l 011 44 1895 616162 (f US)Commercial: 011‐44‐1895‐616162 (from US)Email: [email protected]
… it’s all physics!
F i k fi l i Th h di hFor stickman figure explanation, see The human discharge chain Scott C. Dudley, Bret D. Heerema, and Ryan K. Haaland,
Am. J. Phys. 65 553 (1997)“Rounding the corner of 7th Avenue eyes on the street and bent to it again...gone” ‐Kerouac
