SCOTLANDSCOTLAND

Daniel JiménezDaniel Jiménez

Geography of ScotlandGeography of Scotland

The geography of Scotland is highly varied, The geography of Scotland is highly varied, from rural lowlands to barren uplands, and from rural lowlands to barren uplands, and from large cities to uninhabited islands. from large cities to uninhabited islands. Located in Northern Located in Northern Europe, Scotland comprises the northern Europe, Scotland comprises the northern one third of the island of Great Britain as one third of the island of Great Britain as well as 790 surrounding islands well as 790 surrounding islands encompassing the major archipelagoes of encompassing the major archipelagoes of the Shetland Islands, Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands, Orkney Islands and the Inner and Outer Hebrides. the Inner and Outer Hebrides.

Scotland's only land border is Scotland's only land border is with England, which runs for 96 kilometres with England, which runs for 96 kilometres in a north easterly direction from in a north easterly direction from the Solway Firth in the west to the North the Solway Firth in the west to the North Sea on the east coast. Separated by Sea on the east coast. Separated by the North Channel, the island of Ireland lies the North Channel, the island of Ireland lies 30 kilometres from the southwest tip of the 30 kilometres from the southwest tip of the Scottish mainland. Norway is located 305 Scottish mainland. Norway is located 305 kilometres to the northeast of Scotland kilometres to the northeast of Scotland across the North Sea. The Atlantic Ocean, across the North Sea. The Atlantic Ocean, which fringes the coastline of western and which fringes the coastline of western and northern Scotland and its islands, northern Scotland and its islands, influences the temperate, maritime climate influences the temperate, maritime climate of the country.of the country.

Culzean CastleCulzean Castle

Culzean Castle was built in stages between 1777 and Culzean Castle was built in stages between 1777 and 1792. It incorporates a large drum tower with a 1792. It incorporates a large drum tower with a circular saloon inside (which overlooks the sea), a circular saloon inside (which overlooks the sea), a grand oval staircase and a suite of well-appointed grand oval staircase and a suite of well-appointed apartments. In 1945, the Kennedy family gave the apartments. In 1945, the Kennedy family gave the castle and its grounds to the National Trust for castle and its grounds to the National Trust for Scotland. The clifftop castle lies within the Culzean Scotland. The clifftop castle lies within the Culzean Castle Country Park and is opened to the public. Castle Country Park and is opened to the public. Since 1987, an illustration of the castle has featured Since 1987, an illustration of the castle has featured on the reverse side of on the reverse side of five pound notes issued by five pound notes issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland.the Royal Bank of Scotland.

Nowadays, The castle is used for accommodation and Nowadays, The castle is used for accommodation and wedding ceremonies.wedding ceremonies.

Balmoral CastleBalmoral Castle

Balmoral Castle is a large mansion. It Balmoral Castle is a large mansion. It became a royal residence during the became a royal residence during the reign of Queen Victoria I. The Castle reign of Queen Victoria I. The Castle began to be built under the orders of began to be built under the orders of William Drummond in 1390. The William Drummond in 1390. The castle was involved in the coronation castle was involved in the coronation King Jorge IV. Balmoral is known King Jorge IV. Balmoral is known today for being the summer residence today for being the summer residence of Isabel II and the Duke of of Isabel II and the Duke of Edinburgh. The castle became a royal Edinburgh. The castle became a royal residence in 1848, when it was leased residence in 1848, when it was leased to Queen Victoria I, great-great to Queen Victoria I, great-great grandmother of the current monarch. grandmother of the current monarch. Both liked the residence that they Both liked the residence that they decided to buy it for 30 thousand decided to buy it for 30 thousand pounds. Prince Consort. immediately pounds. Prince Consort. immediately began to work to extend the Castle began to work to extend the Castle from the 15th century and adapt it to from the 15th century and adapt it to the needs of the Queen.the needs of the Queen.

fraser castlefraser castle

Castle Fraser is the more elaborate plant Castle Fraser is the more elaborate plant z-shaped Castle of Scotland and one of z-shaped Castle of Scotland and one of the largest "Sea Castle" the Castle rises the largest "Sea Castle" the Castle rises on an open, with farmland forest, which on an open, with farmland forest, which includes a garden and two forest paths. includes a garden and two forest paths. There is archaeological evidence showing There is archaeological evidence showing the existence of a previous to the current the existence of a previous to the current Castle Square Tower. Fraser Castle was Castle Square Tower. Fraser Castle was built as a family house Fraser of built as a family house Fraser of Muschalls, who lived there until 1921. Muschalls, who lived there until 1921. Then it was sold and restored as a Then it was sold and restored as a shooting range. Castle Fraser has recently shooting range. Castle Fraser has recently been used as a filming of a movie. Today been used as a filming of a movie. Today the castle is owned by the National Trust the castle is owned by the National Trust for Scotland, and is open to the public. It for Scotland, and is open to the public. It can also be rented for weddings.can also be rented for weddings.

Caerlaverock CastleCaerlaverock Castle

Caerlaverock Castle is a moated triangular Caerlaverock Castle is a moated triangular castle first built in the 13th century.castle first built in the 13th century. It is It is located on the southern coast of Scotland, located on the southern coast of Scotland, 11 kilometres south of 11 kilometres south of Dumfries. Caerlaverock was a stronghold Dumfries. Caerlaverock was a stronghold of the Maxwell family from the 13th of the Maxwell family from the 13th century until the 17th century when the century until the 17th century when the castle was abandoned. It was besieged by castle was abandoned. It was besieged by the English during the Wars of Scottish the English during the Wars of Scottish Independence , and underwent several Independence , and underwent several partial demolitions and reconstructions partial demolitions and reconstructions over the 14th and 15th centuries. Although over the 14th and 15th centuries. Although demolished and rebuilt several times, the demolished and rebuilt several times, the castle retains the distinctive triangular plan castle retains the distinctive triangular plan first laid out in the 13th century.first laid out in the 13th century.

Today, the castle is in the care of Historic Today, the castle is in the care of Historic Scotland and is a popular tourist attraction.Scotland and is a popular tourist attraction.

Loch nessLoch ness

Loch Ness is an extensive and Loch Ness is an extensive and deep freshwater lake located in the deep freshwater lake located in the Highlands. This Lake is part of the Highlands. This Lake is part of the series of lakes in Scotland that series of lakes in Scotland that were carved by glaciers during were carved by glaciers during past glaciations. Its waters have past glaciations. Its waters have low visibility due to the nearby low visibility due to the nearby soils. It is the second largest lake soils. It is the second largest lake in Scotland, but due to its great in Scotland, but due to its great depth, it is of greater volume. depth, it is of greater volume. Loch Ness has a secret that has Loch Ness has a secret that has never been descrifrado: Nessie, a never been descrifrado: Nessie, a strange creature that is said that it strange creature that is said that it inhabits this deep lake. He was inhabits this deep lake. He was never confirmed if it exists or not, never confirmed if it exists or not, but many witnesses claiming to but many witnesses claiming to have seen him support his have seen him support his existence.existence.

Music of ScotlandMusic of Scotland

Scotland is internationally known for its Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music, which has remained vibrant traditional music, which has remained vibrant throughout the 21st Century. Scotland's national throughout the 21st Century. Scotland's national instrument, the bagpipes, appears in many instrument, the bagpipes, appears in many different forms, from pipe bands and traditional different forms, from pipe bands and traditional folk and ceilidh bands to solo performances, folk and ceilidh bands to solo performances, buskers and as an accompaniment to Highland buskers and as an accompaniment to Highland dancing.dancing.

Although this particular form of bagpipe developed Although this particular form of bagpipe developed exclusively in Scotland, it is not the only exclusively in Scotland, it is not the only Scottish bagpipe, and other bagpiping traditions Scottish bagpipe, and other bagpiping traditions remain across Europe.remain across Europe. The earliest mention of The earliest mention of bagpipes in Scotland dates to the 15th century bagpipes in Scotland dates to the 15th century although they could have been introduced to although they could have been introduced to Scotland as early as the 6th century.Scotland as early as the 6th century.

National Gallery of ScotlandNational Gallery of Scotland

The National Gallery of Scotland is the The National Gallery of Scotland is the National Gallery of art in Scotland. It is on National Gallery of art in Scotland. It is on The Mound, in the Centre of Edinburgh, in The Mound, in the Centre of Edinburgh, in a neoclassical building. The National a neoclassical building. The National Gallery of Scotland is home to permanent Gallery of Scotland is home to permanent collections of European art and also hosts collections of European art and also hosts exhibitions of large-scale (Monet, the exhibitions of large-scale (Monet, the Titian and even Gauguin) in collaboration Titian and even Gauguin) in collaboration with its neighbour the Royal Scottish with its neighbour the Royal Scottish Academy. To discover the last five Academy. To discover the last five thousand years of Scottish history in thousand years of Scottish history in portraits, visit the Scottish National portraits, visit the Scottish National Portrait Gallery: Robert Burns and Sean Portrait Gallery: Robert Burns and Sean ConneryConnery

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