Scly 4 crime prevention

Crime control,prevention and punishment

Control and prevention of crime

Right realists

Emphasize the individual

Benefitsoutweigh the cost of crime

Society needs to increase cost of crime

Left realists

Focus on organisation of society esp inequality ,disadvantage and poverty that results from this and and the enviroment of crime is created

Situational crime prevention (SCP)
Right Realist measure
reducing oppurtunities for crime

Victims should make themselves harder targets by investing in more secruity and surveillance

Increase risk of criminal being caught and/or detrring criminality by reducing oppurtunity for crime

Car manufacturers invest in satellite technologies,disabling devices and computerised locking systems has reduced car therft in the UK .

CCTV in shops, secruity guards increase likelihood of shoplifters being caught

Evaluation of SCP

Felson and Clarke SCP displace rather then reduce crime . Criminal move to softer targets . E.g Chaiken et al crackdown on subway robberies in New York displaced them to the streets above

Use of surveillance may be a problem because camera operators may subscribe to similar stereotypes to police officers and end up focusing in youn males labelling

Marxists SCP creates new type of social inequality , poor are disproportionately the main victims of crime because m/c can afford secruity etc

They ignore white collar crime ,corporate ad state crimes which are more costly

Marxists and left realist SCP ignore root cause of crime poverty and inequality

Enviromental crime prevention (ECP)
Right Realist James Q Wilson

Crime is caused by anti-social behaviour vandalism,graffiti,drugs

If these behaviours are tolerated =anything goes develops

E.g broken windows thesis

This happens because little sense of community

Informal and formal social control are weak

Members of community feel powerless

Police target more serious crime and not focus on anti social behaviour

Public housing estates experience most social problems and are likely to found around high-rise tower blocks

These happen because residents do not take responsibility for common entrances ,stairwells and lifts as a result anto social elements take over

Wilson proposes

Any sign of enviromental decline such as broken windows or grafitti must be tacked immediatly otherrwise neighberhood deterioration will follow

All public housing should not exceed three floors and all residents should be encouraged to take responsibility of communal space protect from outsiders

Police should tackle all types of crime and disorder and not just serious crime zero tolerance famously adopted in New York to tackle subway graffiti , drug dealing and begging. Between 1993-1996 crime reduced critics argue this was due to decline in avaiablity of crack cocaine

This is what I call a perfect neighbourhoodWilson and Kelling (1982)Well-maintained areas

Low crime rates

Feel apart of society

Less likely to offend

Slide 6: Wilson and Kelling in an area where 'read out the bullet points'.

Wilson and Kelling (1982)

Oh my! What is this world coming to, I dont feel safe anymore!No social control

Loose their sense of belonging

Increase in crime

Damaged society

Slide 7: This is where Wilson and Kelling's broken window thesis comes in.So when even a minor crime like a broken window goes un-punished people start to 'read out the bullet points.'

Social and community crime prevention
left realists and other critical criminologists Marxist

SCP & ECP treat symptom of crime and not cause

Risk conditions of crimes need to be addressed such as poverty,unemployment , poor housing etc esp for young and some ethnic minority groups

L.R argue that urban crime is rational response to lack of legitimate oppurtunities and the powerlessness deprived groups feel

Government through policies should tackle crimes in inner city areas and on sink council estates

Educational programmes improving educational success in inner city areas , reducing exclusions and number of 16s year olds leaving schools with no qualificationsPeople are paid fair wage so not welfare dependantReduction in wealth and income inequalities taxationInvest in poorer urban communities to create jobs

Too soft on crime
evaluation of L.R

Crime is societys fault rather then looking at individual choice

Fail to explain why most ppl living in poverty do not commit crime

R.R argue L.R make excuses for criminals , tighter control ,effective socialisation of children,more severe punishment should be ways to reduce crime

Punishment

Ways too reduce crime & Does prisons work?

Ways in which to reduce crime

Deterrance R.R position suggest prisons works as priosns deter many potential offenders away from crime by increasing cost of crime

IncapacitationR.R prison is important because it removes known criminals from the streets so they cannot offend again .(Note in other societies incapacitation can involving cutting off ppls hands,chemical castration and capital punishment ;in Carlifornia three strikes and uou are ou policy- commiting even a minor third offence can lead to length priosn sentence)

Rehabilitation Punishment can be used to refor or change offenders to they will not return to their criminal careers . Education and trainignis encouraged so prisoners can earn honest living once out

Damilolas murderer

Does prison work ?

UK heavily invested on prisons prison population rose (check what is happening now in the news regarding prisions

Roger Matthews rather the reducing crimes prisons act as universities of crime and expensive way of making bad people worse. Prisons are warehouses in which reasons for offending are rarely addressed and little attempt is made to rehabiliate the offender

E.Soloman many ppl being imprisioned for minor offences in which community punishments more suitable .

High rate if recidivsim repeat offending suggest prison do not deter . E.g damilola taylors

Naimo campbell community service

Click to edit the title text formatClick to edit Master title style

27/05/15


Click to edit the outline text formatSecond Outline LevelThird Outline LevelFourth Outline LevelFifth Outline LevelSixth Outline LevelSeventh Outline LevelEighth Outline Level

Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles



Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level





Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

27/05/15




Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

27/05/15




Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level



Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

27/05/15

Scly 4 crime prevention

Education

Transcript of Scly 4 crime prevention