SCIFEST: Global Efforts Address Climate Change

Global EffortsGlobal EffortsAddress Climate Address Climate

ChangeChangeGraciela ChichilniskyGraciela ChichilniskyColumbia University & Global Columbia University & Global

ThermostatThermostat

SCIFEST Saint Louis Science CenterSCIFEST Saint Louis Science CenterOctober 18-23 2011October 18-23 2011

Humans dominate the Humans dominate the planetplanet

We change the atmosphere, We change the atmosphere, bodies of water and the complex bodies of water and the complex web of species that makes life on web of species that makes life on EarthEarth

In thousands of years geologists In thousands of years geologists will read the change in rock will read the change in rock formationsformations

THE ANTHROPOCENETHE ANTHROPOCENE

Global Warming Signals Global Warming Signals Melting glaciers - Melting glaciers -

AntarticaAntartica

Melting ice sheets Melting ice sheets AntarticaAntartica

Melting ice AntarticaMelting ice Antartica

Patagonia - Melting Patagonia - Melting glaciersglaciers

Global Warming SignalsGlobal Warming Signals

Outbreak of Malaria in AfricaOutbreak of Malaria in Africa


China’s industrial growthChina’s industrial growth


Desertification of 25% of Desertification of 25% of ChinaChina land massland mass


Australia’s longest draught on Australia’s longest draught on record now floodsrecord now floods


Solar farm in Solar farm in SpainSpain

Water WarningWater Warning

Colorado River USA dries up - 2007Colorado River USA dries up - 2007

Fires from drought – Fires from drought – 2006 to 20102006 to 2010

EndangeredEndangered

PrimatesPrimates


Sea mammalsSea mammals

DisappearingDisappearing

Global Energy is the Global Energy is the causecause

89% global energy is fossil – gas coal, oil89% global energy is fossil – gas coal, oil 10% nuclear, geothermal and hydroelectric10% nuclear, geothermal and hydroelectric Less than 1% is solar power Less than 1% is solar power Electrical Power Plants emit 45% of global Electrical Power Plants emit 45% of global

carbon carbon A $55 trillion global infrastructure (IEA)A $55 trillion global infrastructure (IEA)

A North - South A North - South IssueIssue

Industrial NationsIndustrial Nationsuse 70% of the world’s Energyuse 70% of the world’s Energy60% of global Carbon 60% of global Carbon EmissionsEmissionsOnly 20% of global populationOnly 20% of global population

Developing Nations Developing Nations suffer most risks suffer most risks 80% of the world’s population80% of the world’s population

FutureFutureGlobal NeedsGlobal Needs

The world needs more The world needs more energyenergy

Africa & Latin AmericaAfrica & Latin America

Global Efforts Global Efforts Address Climate Address Climate ChangeChange

The G- 20 calls forThe G- 20 calls for

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

How to Solve the Energy How to Solve the Energy ProblemProblem

Where are we Where are we now?now?

What to do next?What to do next?

Saving KyotoSaving Kyoto 1997: United Nations Kyoto Protocol1997: United Nations Kyoto Protocol Introducing its UN Introducing its UN Carbon Market Carbon Market - I helped - I helped

create a $200 B/year market that changes create a $200 B/year market that changes global economy –reduced 37% EU emissionsglobal economy –reduced 37% EU emissions

KP provided $50 Bn – for Clean Development KP provided $50 Bn – for Clean Development Mechanism projects in developing nationsMechanism projects in developing nations

Kyoto’s Terms Expire in 2012 Kyoto’s Terms Expire in 2012

Next steps are Next steps are neededneeded

Global Efforts: The Global Efforts: The SolutionSolution

Negative Carbon Technologies – power Negative Carbon Technologies – power plants that remove carbon from the plants that remove carbon from the atmosphereatmosphere

Funded the Kyoto Protocol – trading $200 Funded the Kyoto Protocol – trading $200 BN/year today – power Africa and LABN/year today – power Africa and LA

At zero cost to the Global EconomyAt zero cost to the Global Economy Transferring wealth from dirty to clean Transferring wealth from dirty to clean

energyenergy

Solution: a Solution: a Blueprint for Blueprint for Sustainable Sustainable

DevelopmentDevelopment Clean & Abundant Energy from Clean & Abundant Energy from Negative Carbon Negative Carbon Power Power plants plants

Transforming Fossil Plants and Solar Energy Transforming Fossil Plants and Solar Energy Plants so they can Plants so they can reducereduce atmospheric carbon atmospheric carbon concentrationconcentration

$200 B/year Global Investment Fund to build $200 B/year Global Investment Fund to build Carbon Negative Plants & renew $55 trillion Carbon Negative Plants & renew $55 trillion power plant industry worldwide (IEA) - Stimulates power plant industry worldwide (IEA) - Stimulates Global EconomyGlobal Economy

Private Capital underwritten by UN Kyoto Private Capital underwritten by UN Kyoto Protocol Protocol

The SolutionThe Solution Cogenerate electricity with carbon Cogenerate electricity with carbon

capturecapture Create $200 Bn/year Fund to build Create $200 Bn/year Fund to build

carbon negative power plants carbon negative power plants In Africa and Latin America – In Africa and Latin America –

encourage growthencourage growth Self funded plan – money from UN Self funded plan – money from UN

KP Carbon Market that already KP Carbon Market that already trades $200 Bn/yeaartrades $200 Bn/yeaar

Is this all Is this all POSSIBLE?POSSIBLE?

YESYESBut a race against timeBut a race against time

One ExampleOne ExampleHow to reduce CO2 How to reduce CO2 from the atmosphere from the atmosphere while making profitswhile making profits

Why I am doing itWhy I am doing it

Global Thermostat

Captures CO2 from Air

Transforms CO2 from a Global Threat

Into A Massive Profit Opportunity

Global Thermostat Pilot Plant, SRI International - Menlo Park California

February 2011

Why a Carbon Negative Why a Carbon Negative SolutionSolution

Global Thermostat Company Confidential

Carbon Neutral is not enough• Neutralizing emissions does not prevent

further increases in atmospheric CO2 • Even the most aggressive efficiency

improvements and renewables adoption are unlikely to keep CO2 concentration at the generally agreed 450ppm to avoid catastrophic climate risk

Negative Carbon is the solution1• Air capture enables direct and rapid

reduction of CO2 concentration• GT allows for the capture of even more

CO2 than we are loading into the atmosphere or that the earth’s systems can absorb – Negative Carbon GT’s technology directly

reduces carbon concentration in the air, making carbon negative

possible

1 United Nations Headquarters, New York, November 12, 2009. Presentation by G. Chichilnisky on"The Rising Tide at Copenhagen: A Win-Win Solution for Industrialized and Developing Nations"

http://www.chichilnisky.com/pdfs/TheRisingTideatCopenhagen.pdf

http://www.chichilnisky.com/pdfs/TheRisingTideatCopenhagen.pdf

GT’s Air Capture GT’s Air Capture TechnologyTechnology

GT’s Air Capture GT’s Air Capture TechnologyTechnology

Three-Step Process Produces Concentrated CO 2 Stream

Step 1Air Input

Transport and

Injection

Compression

Other Applicatio

ns

Key to GT’s technology is cogeneration

using low temperature

process heat to capture CO 2

Subsequent steps are shared by all CO 2 capture methods though pipelining costs can

be reduced by co-locating where CO 2 is stored or used

Step 2CO 2

Capture

Step 3CO 2

Regeneration

Absorbing CO2

Pipes to oil well or algae

UP

Releasing CO2

Pipes to oil well or algae ponds

DOWN

GT Pilot at SRI - October GT Pilot at SRI - October 1, 20101, 2010


Global Thermostat

3 Key Markets for Captured CO2

1. Sell CO2 to industrial gas markets (Linde, Air Liquide): $5 Bn/year2. Sell CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Texas, Wyoming, California,

Calgary, China (Sinopac Oil Field, Occidental Petroleum): $25 Bn/year3. Create renewable synthetic fuels with CO2: $3 Trillion global gas mkt

1. Industrial MarketsBeverage, Agriculture,

Materials

3. Renewable FuelsCO2 + H2 =

2. EOROil and Gas


GT Solution Unlocks These Markets• 80MM tons CO2 sold in US today & growing fast• DOE projects 1 billion tons of CO2 per year needed for EOR• Regular market price for CO2 $35 – 200 per ton• GT can supply these growing global markets very profitably …

Cost Breakthrough•Powered by low-cost, widely-available process heat •Eliminates transportation costs

Modular Design•Plants Small or Large•Locates anywhere with 100 C heat source

Flexible Integration•Into Legacy or New Industrial Facilities

Carbon Negative Solution•Captures more CO2 from fossil fuel power plants than is emitted by them

Leadership Team


Graciela Chichilnisky Managing Director

• Leading economist, experienced entrepreneur, inventor, & executive • Founder CEO of FITEL & Cross Border Exchange, financial technology companies• Author carbon market of Kyoto Protocol (EU ETS), and of formal theory of

Sustainable Development• PhDs (2) in Mathematics and in Economics, MIT and UC Berkeley• Tenured Professor Columbia University, previously Harvard and Stanford

Peter EisenbergerManaging Director

• Leading physicist, R&D energy executive – 20 year career as head of R&D at Bell Labs and Director EXXON Global R&D, Vice Provost Columbia university

• Expertise in innovation around CO2 – renewable gasoline, chemicals, materials• Founding Director Princeton University Materials Institute• Founding Director Columbia University Earth Institute

Edgar Bronfman, Jr.Chairman

• Chairman/CEO of Warner Music Group• Recently successfully sold Warner for $3.3 billion• Chief architect of Vivendi Universal entertainment division; acquired Polygram• Former President and CEO of the Seagram Company

Key Advisors• Ed Hotard, former COO Praxair• Eric (Ric) Redman, President, Summit Power • Ron Chance, Emeritus Science Advisor, Exxon• Rocco Fiato, Accelergy - Richard Kauffman, CEO Good Energies

• Nicholas Eisenberger, Pure Energy Partners• Ben Bronfman, Green Owl• Chris Jones, Georgia Tech• Roger Cohen, Ex- Exxon

GT Technology Partners


Coatings and Sorbents

Project Development & Management

Engineering DesignSorbent Development

Monoliths Pilot development & testing

Negative Carbon is needed NOW

Global Thermostat

Blueprint for TransformationGreen Power Fund

Global EffortsGlobal Efforts Clean Energy focus: New Clean Economy Clean Energy focus: New Clean Economy With Carbon Negative Power Plants, Africa With Carbon Negative Power Plants, Africa

and LA can clean the world’s atmosphereand LA can clean the world’s atmosphere Provide global leadershipProvide global leadership Avert Poverty and Sustainable Avert Poverty and Sustainable

Development for a safer Atmosphere Development for a safer Atmosphere

Transforming capitalism through new types Transforming capitalism through new types of Markets for Global Commonsof Markets for Global Commons

The last come firstThe last come first

SCIFEST: Global Efforts Address Climate Change

Technology

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