Scientometry Scientometry is the scientific field of study that studies the progression and value of...

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Scientometry Scientometry is the scientific field of study that studies the progression and value of science.

Transcript of Scientometry Scientometry is the scientific field of study that studies the progression and value of...

Page 1: Scientometry Scientometry is the scientific field of study that studies the progression and value of science.

Scientometry

Scientometry is the scientific field of study that studies the progression and value of science.

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Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was founded by Eugene Garfield in 1960.

It was acquired by Thomson Scientific & Healthcare in 1992, became known as Thomson ISI and now as Thomson Scientific.

It is a component of the multi-billion dollar Thomson Reuters Corporation.

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The ISI offers bibliographic database services.

print-based indexing service

•Science Citation Index (SCI)•Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)•Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI).

All of these are available via ISI's Web of Knowledge database service. This database allows a researcher to identify which articles have been cited most frequently, and who has cited them.

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The difference between Database and Databank?

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ISI web of knowledgeWOK) )

: به دسترسي كننده فراهم

     ·ISI Web of Science           ·ISI Proceedings

        ·ISI Current Contents Connect         ·ISI Journal Citation Reports

        ·ISI Derwent Innovations index         ·plus additional products and external collections

Knowledge =?

Information =?

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Web of Science

Web of Science is a multi-disciplinary citation database providing access to 9,760 of the most prestigious high impact research journals in the world. It consists of the following databases:

•Science Citation Index Expanded )1945-present) •Social Sciences Citation Index )1956-present) •Arts & Humanities Citation Index )1975-present) •Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science )1990-present) •Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science & Humanities )1990-present)

It also offers the unique feature "citation searching". This allows users to find out how many times a particular paper/author has been cited and by whom.

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Science Citation Index Expanded :( علوم( يافته گسترش استنادي نمايه

از بين 6.650بيش از اصلي . 150ژورنال دهد می قرار پوشش تحت را علمي نظام

ميانگين طور به هفته .19.000هر ميشود افزوده آن به ركورد

ازسال :   زمانی .1900پوشش باشد مي تاكنون

ژانويه در 1991از 5 .70تقريبا باشد% مي جستجو قابل انگليسي زبان به چكيده موارد از

: شامل دهد پوششمي كه موضوعاتي از تعدادي

, , , , , , علم, كامپيوتر علوم شيمي بيوتكنولوژي شناسي زيست بيوشيمي نجوم كشاورزي , , , , , گياه, علم اطفال پزشكي تومرشناسي عصبي سيستم علوم پزشكي رياضيات مواد

, , , جانورشناسي, دامپزشكي علم جراحي روانپزشكي شناسي

Science Citation Index Expanded

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Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)

The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index to the journal literature of the social sciences.

It fully indexes over 1,950 journals across 50 social sciences disciplines.

It also indexes individually selected, relevant items from over 3,300 of the world's leading scientific and technical journals.

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Arts & Humanities Citation Index

Arts & Humanities Citation Index® ( از ( بيش هنر و انساني علوم استنادي نمايه1.160

. كند مي نمايه را شناسي انسان و هنر جهاني برجسته هاي ژورنالاز آن زماني .1975پوشش باشد مي بعد به

ميانگين طور به هفته .2.300هر ميشود افزوده آن به ركورد

از بيش ركورد 2.5شامل ميليونژانويه .2000از باشد مي جستجو قابل انگليسي زبان به ها چكيده

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Current Chemical Reactions) رايج شيميايي ):واكنشهاي

و ساختار شيميايي شامل ثبت واكنشهاي هاي پروانه و علمی ژورنالهاي از شده استخراج. باشد مي اختراع

از آن زماني از 1985پوشش بيش شامل كه باشد مي . 880.000تاكنون به باشد مي واكنششدن اضافه با ماهانه .3.000صورت شود مي بروز جديد ركورد

Index Chemicus ) شيميايي ) نمايه. : شود مي شامل را طبيعي محصوالت و زيستي فعال تركيبهاي شميايي نمايه

از آن زماني .1993پوشش باشد می بعد به

از بيش .2.6شامل باشد مي ركورد ميليون

از بيش با هفته . 3500هر شود مي بروز تركيب

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ارزیابی شاخصهای

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Impact Factor )IF):

The impact factor is a very useful tool for evaluation of journals, but it must be used discreetly.

Dr. Eugene Garfield Founder and Chairman Emeritus, ISI

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Impact Factor (IF):

The impact factor helps to evaluate a journal's relative importance, especially when comparing it to others in the same field.

مورد IF : محاسبه سال در مجله قبل سال دو شده منتشر مقاالت به ارجاعات تعدادمجله قبل سال دو شده منتشر مقاالت تعداد بر تقسیم Nارزیابی.

The impact factor is calculated by dividing the number of current citations to articles published in the two previous years by the total number of articles published in the two previous years.

For example: Nature

Impact Factor: 29.273 Cites in 2005 to articles published in 2004 = 21496 Cites in 2005 to articles published in 2003 = 29352 Number of articles published in 2004 = 878 Number of articles published in 2003 = 1737

Cites to recent articles / Number of recent articles =

(21496 + 29352) / (878 + 1737) = 50848 / 2615 = 29.273

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Note that:

2005 impact factors are actually published in 2006;

it cannot be calculated until all of the 2005 publications had been received by the indexing agency.

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•Calculation of The 2 previous years’ citations

•Effect of negative citations

•Letters and editorials are not counted as articles, even if they generate citations.

•Self-citations

:IFمعایب

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فوری من (:Immediacy Index (شاخص مقاالت به ارجاعات در تتعداد مجله شده شرمجله سال همان در شده منتشر مقاالت تعداد بر تقسیم ارزیابی، مورد .سال

The immediacy index is calculated based on the papers published in a journal in a single calendar year.

For example, the 2005 immediacy index for a journal would be calculated as follows:

A = the number of times articles published in 2005 were cited in indexed journals during 2005 B = the number of articles, reviews, proceedings or notes published in 2005 2005 immediacy index = A/B

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مجله • به ارجاعات عمر ارزیابی (:Cited Half- life (نیمه سال از که سالهایی تعدادارزیابی مورد سال در مجله به کل ارجاعات درصد پنجاه شاهد تا برگردیم عقب به باید

باشیم.

به تنها بدهند دست از زود ارجاعات برای را خود ارزش مجله یک وقتی که است بدیهیمجله به ارجاعات عمر نیمه که شود می باعث این و شود داده ارجاع مجله جدید مقاالت

. یابد کاهشبیشتر زمان طول در مجله مقاالت ارزش باشد بیشتر مجله به ارجاعات عمر نیمه هرچه

. گیرند می قرار ارجاع مورد هنوز که است شده حفظرود می باالتر مجله ارزش باشد، بزرگتر مجله یک به ارجاعات عمر نیمه هرچه نتیجه .در

The cited half-life:Cited half-life is a measurement used to estimate the impact of a

journal. It is the number of years, going back from the current year, that account

for 50% of the total citations received by the cited journal in the current year.

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Citing Half-Life:The citing half-life is the median age of articles cited by the journal in the JCR year. For example, in JCR 2003, the journal Food Biotechnology has a citing half-life of 9.0.

That means that 50% of all articles cited by articles in Food Biotechnology in 2003 were published between 1995 and 2003 (inclusive).

مجله در ارجاعات عمر باید (:Citing Half- Life( نیمه ارزیابی سال از که سالهایی تعدادمجله در شده داده کل ارجاعات درصد پنجاه شاهد تا برگردیم عقب انتهای (به در شده ارائه

مجله مقاله . در (هر در جدیدتر مقاالت به چه هر که است بدیهی باشیم ارزیابی مورد سال . یابد می کاهش مجله در ارجاعات عمر نیمه شود داده ارجاع مجله داخل

به گویای حدودی تا تواند می کاهش مجله این مقاالت نویسندگان علمی اطالعات بودن روز باشد.

عمر نیمه کاهش به منجر این و شود می مقاالت در جدید ارجاعات از استفاده به توصیهشود می مجله در .ارجاعات

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H-indexH-index from a plot of decreasing citations for numbered papersThe index is based on the distribution of citations received by a given researcher's publications. Hirsch writes:

A scientist has index h if h of [their] Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np - h) papers have at most h

citations each.

H-Index چيست؟. یشاخص سال در شاخص اين است علم‌سنجي شاخص‌هاي توسط 2005از JorgeميالديHirsch . و اثر کيفي ارزيابي هدف با واقع در شاخص اين شد ابداع کاليفرنيا دانشگاه در

. است شده ابداع محققين پژوهشي برون‌داد کمي ارزيابي

با H-Indexمفهوم برابر ارجاعات تعداد که نويسنده مقاالت تعداد از است يا hعبارت و . دارند آن از بيشتر

حداقل 3محققي H-Index اگر :مثال محقق اين که است اين آن مفهوم منتشر 3باشد، مقالهحداقل هرکدام که دارد يا 3شده . Citationاستناد است اين آن مفهوم ديگر عبارت به دارند

از کمتر محقق اين مقاالت ساير . 3که معادل شاخص اين امروزه دارند ImpactاستنادFactor. مي‌شود محسوب محققين براي

h-index . اين است مقاله هر ازاي به استنادات تعداد و انتشارات تعداد بين تعادل نتيجهتعداد و مقاالت كل تعداد مانند علم اندازه‌گيري شاخص‌هاي ساير ارتقاي منظور به شاخص

زيادي تعداد 5 صرفا كه آنهايي از را تأثيرگذار محققان تا است شده طراحي استنادات كل . يكسان كاري حيطه با محققان مقايسه براي شاخص اين كند متمايز مي‌كنند، منتشر مقاله

. دارد كاربرد

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h-index is not enough to measure the impact of someone's works in a field.

h-index is more appropriate than other methods including the total number of citations, the total number of papers and citations per paper, it has its own deficiencies.

For example:

junior researchers will inevitably have small h-index but it does not necessarily mean they are less productive.

To improve these problems new supplementary measures have been proposed which are:

1: m-index (accounting for varying lengths of academic careers)

2: g-index (accounting for highly-cited papers)

3: contemporary h-index: (accounting for active versus inactive researchers),

4: individual h-index: (accounting for differences in co-authorship patterns).

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Egghe's g-index

It aims to improve on the h-index by giving more weight to highly-cited articles.

Zhang's e-index

The aim of the e-index is to differentiate between scientists with similar h-indices but different citation patterns.

Individual h-index