Scientific Method Vocabulary. Observations Any information collected with the senses. The skill of...
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Transcript of Scientific Method Vocabulary. Observations Any information collected with the senses. The skill of...
![Page 1: Scientific Method Vocabulary. Observations Any information collected with the senses. The skill of describing scientific events.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d135503460f949e773d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Scientific Method Vocabulary
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Observations
• Any information collected with the senses.
• The skill of describing scientific events.
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Inference
• Conclusions or deductions based on observations .
• The process of drawing a conclusion from given evidence.
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Tracks like these are common in parts of New
England and in the southwestern United
States.
What do you OBSERVE?
What can you INFER?
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Now what do
you think?
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Infer what happened based on your observations.
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Critter Lab
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Sewer Rats
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Title
• Should be asked or stated at the beginning of every experiment.
• Should be answered in your conclusion not at the beginning.
• The effect of _________ on __________.• Example: What is the effect of weight on a paper
airplane?
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Hypothesis(plural – hypotheses)
• Special kind of prediction
How to write a hypothesis•Use an If, Then statement
•IF the independent variable changes, THEN the dependent variable changes
–This type of sentence shows what the IV will do to the DV
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Mobius Lab
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Independent Variable (also called the Manipulated Variable)
• What you are testing in an experiment
• The cause
• Purposely changed
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Dependent Variable (also called the responding variable)
• What you are measuring in an experiment
• The Effect
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Constant
• Materials in an experiment that are the same in both the control group and the experimental group
• This never changes• If it did that would
make 2 independent variables = NOT GOOD
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Control
•Used for comparison
•No treatment
•Unchanged throughout experiment
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Control
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Procedure
• Your Procedure must be1. In a step by step format
2.Detailed
3.ReproducibleWritten like a recipe!!
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Tasty Solution
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Materials
• 3 Hershey’s Kisses and a stop watch
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Procedure
1. Place one of the kisses in your mouth. DO NOT chew, and DO NOT move your tongue around.
2. Record the time it takes for this candy piece to dissolve.
3. Place a second kiss in your mouth. DO move it around in your mouth but DO NOT chew.
4. Repeat step 25. Place a 3rd kiss in your mouth. This time move
it around in your mouth as you chew.6. Repeat step 2
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Let’s Start our Short Report….
• Make a title… (The effect of …. On ….)
• Write a hypothesis (If….then….)
• Complete the Experimental Design Summary.– IV (Levels and Trials)– DV– 4 Constants– Control
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Title
• The effect of chewing the on the rate chocolate melts.
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Now what do you do?
• What type of data/observations would be collected with this experiment?
• Make your observations.
• Why did you get the results you did?
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Science Skills: Variables
Self Check
Click to test yourself
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A variable is something that can vary or change. What are the variables in this statement?
The time it takes to run a 10 km race depends on the amount of training the
runner does.
Click to check your answers
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What are the variables in this statement?
The temperature of water is measured at different depths in a lake.
Click to check your answers
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What are the variables in this statement?
The more water a plant gets,
the taller it will grow.
Click to check your answers
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What are the variables in this statement?
The number of puppies in a litter is determined by the weight of the
mother dog.
Click to check your answers
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What are the variables in this statement?
The Texas A & M Extension Service has been counting the number of coyotes in Bexar County. Will the number of coyotes have
any effect on the rabbit population?
Click to check your answers
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The time it takes to run a 10 km race depends on the amount of training the
runner does.
The independent variable is the amount of exercise.
The dependent variable is the time it takes to run a
10 km race.
It is not enough to say just “time” or “training” – you must describe the I.V. and tell how the D.V. is measured.
Click for another question
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The temperature of water is measured at different depths in a
lake.
The independent variable is the depth of the lake.
The dependent variable is the temperature of the water.
Click for another question
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The more water a plant gets, the taller it will grow.
The independent variable is the amount of water.
The dependent variable is the height of the grass.
Click for another question
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The number of puppies in a litter is determined by the weight of the
mother dog.
The independent variable is the weight of the mother dog.
The dependent variable is the number of puppies in the litter.
Click for another question
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The Texas A & M Extension Service has been counting the number of coyotes in
Bexar County. Will the number of coyotes have any effect on the rabbit population?
The independent variable is the number of coyotes.
The dependent variable is the rabbit population.
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Qualitative data
• Data recorded as an observation
• Example – the substance has a sweet taste
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Quantitative data
• Data that is recorded in numbers.
• Example – 3
inches tall
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Help with the Penny Lab
• Cohesion– The force
between particles in a substance that works to hold it together
• Surface Tension– Water molecules have bonds
that hold them together. At the surface of the water, the molecules hold on to each other even more tightly because there are no molecules pulling on them from the air above. As the molecules on the surface stick together, they form an invisible "skin" called surface tension.
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Tables and Graphs
• Every lab should have your data represented in a table and a graph – THEY ARE NOT THE SAME!!
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The Pirate Ship
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DRY MIX
• D – Dependent
• R – Respondent
• Y – Y axis
• M – Manipulated
• I – Independent
• X – X axis
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TAILS
• Every Graph Should have
• T – Title
• A – Axis Labels
• I – Intervals
• L – Labels
• S - Scale
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What kind of graph should I use?
• Line graph – change over time
• Bar graph – comparison
• Scatter plot – shows trends
• Pie chart or circle graph – shows %
• Picture Graph – uses words or pictures to represent data
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Results Summary
• Summarize your data in one sentence.
• Shows Trends.
–Example…
• The bigger the coin the more drops of water the coin would hold.
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Conclusion – Answer these questions in a paragraph…
1. What was the purpose of the experiment?2. What were the major findings?3. Was the hypothesis supported by the data?4. How did your findings compare to your
classmates?5. What happened that you did not expect? Why
do you think this happened?6. How would you improve this experiment next
time?7. What recommendations do you have for
further study?
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2 kinds of Research
• Descriptive• Based on
observations• Examples
– Dissection– Making Models– Observing Wild
Animals
• Experimental• The manipulation and
control of variables
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Testing Meds. Vocab
• Trial – a try – should have as many as possible in an experiment
• Sample Size – the number of people or subjects in an experiment
• Placebo – a “fake medicine” used as a control – contains no drugs – usually made of sugar
• Trade-off - Giving up one thing in favor of another
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Clinical trials must have…
• 1 – Consent or permission from the subject
• 2 – Compensation or payment for time
• 3 – the subject must be informed of all risks involved