Scientific Method, Electricity, and Simple Machines -...

Teacher Workbooks

Science and Nature Series Science Literacy

Later Elementary Level – Volume 1-B Scientific Method, Electricity, and

Simple Machines

© Copyright 2004 Teachnology Publishing Company A Division of Teachnology, Inc. For additional information, visit us at www.teach-nology.com/publishing

© 2004 Teachnology, Inc. iii

Table of Contents

Subjects Table of Contents

Scientific Method 1-21

Electricity 22-31

Simple Machines 32-41

Answers 42-43

Skills Table of Contents

Alphabetization 1-5, 21 Word Jumble 6-10, 27-29 Lab Report 11 Reading Comprehension 12, 15-19, 30-33, 35, 37-39 Matching 13-14, 20, 22-26, 36, 40-41 Fill-in Blank Paragraph 34 Answers 42-43

Standards Table of Contents

Science as Inquiry 1-21

Physical Science 22-33, 36-40

History and Nature of Science 34-35, 41

Answers 42-43

Name ______________________ Scientific Method Date _______________________

National Science Content Standard: Science as Inquiry © 2004 Teachnology, Inc.

1

Directions: Write each of the following words in alphabetical order on the lines provided. Have fun, and proofread for correct spelling!

Word Box

inquiry

question explanation data

observations

experiment interpret prediction

Alphabetical Order

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

6. _____________________________________

7. _____________________________________

8. _____________________________________



2


Word Box

analyzed

research explanation testing

hypothesis

interpret phenomena investigation

Alphabetical Order

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

6. _____________________________________

7. _____________________________________

8. _____________________________________



3


Word Box

scientific

method observation prediction

reliable

theory hypothesis conclusion

Alphabetical Order

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

6. _____________________________________

7. _____________________________________

8. _____________________________________



4


Word Box

experiment

theory prediction falsifiable

explanation

test hypothesis conclusion

Alphabetical Order

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

6. _____________________________________

7. _____________________________________

8. _____________________________________



5


Word Box

variables

constant manipulated testing

interpret

explanation inquiry relationship

Alphabetical Order

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

6. _____________________________________

7. _____________________________________

8. _____________________________________



6

Directions: Unscramble each word from the word box. Write the correctly spelled word on the lines provided. Have fun, and proofread for correct spelling!

Word Box

experiment

prediction interpret observations

data

explanation question inquiry

1. _______________________ tada 2. _______________________ ritmexpene 3. _______________________ oelnxapaint 4. _______________________ unqriyi 5. _______________________ tpirerten 6. _______________________ svtosbeovina 7. _______________________ irepoditnc 8. _______________________ tesunoqi



7


Word Box

investigation

testing phenomena interpret

hypothesis

explanation research analyzed

1. _______________________ lnazadye 2. _______________________ ptnixlaeoan 3. _______________________ tsyphhsoie 4. _______________________ trptneier 5. _______________________ ivgnaonseitti 6. _______________________ mhapenneo 7. _______________________ ehscrare 8. _______________________ sntgtie



8


Word Box

conclusion

hypothesis theory reliable

prediction

observation method scientific

1. _______________________ nonlsucico 2. _______________________ psyoshteih 3. _______________________ hmtedo 4. _______________________ ntosibroeva 5. _______________________ dopcitrnei 6. _______________________ rleabile 7. _______________________ ficsenitci 8. _______________________ hoyrte



9


Word Box

conclusion

hypothesis test explanation

falsifiable

prediction theory experiment

1. _______________________ csinoucnol 2. _______________________ rmxitneeep 3. _______________________ ipeaxltnoan 4. _______________________ ialifeaslbs 5. _______________________ pihoseyths 6. _______________________ dnpitoreic 7. _______________________ tset 8. _______________________ hrtoey



10


Word Box

testing

relationship inquiry explanation

interpret

manipulated constant variables

1. _______________________ sntotnca 2. _______________________ nielxpatona 3. _______________________ iqryiun 4. _______________________ tnerpirte 5. _______________________ tnadiapmule 6. _______________________ iteprlasonih 7. _______________________ igesntt 8. _______________________ basvleria



11

Directions: Read the following scenario. Fill in the lab report that follows using the information provided below.

Lab Report Pretend that you are a scientist. The materials on hand to work with include a balance scale, gram cubes, one magnet, and one fresh acorn. You would like to answer the following question. Does a magnet weight more than an acorn? Based on what you know and the scientific method, fill in the lab report below. 1. Hypothesis: _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Materials: __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Controlled Variable(s): ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Manipulated Variable(s): ______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Procedure: __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Observation(s): ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Conclusion: _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________



12

Directions: Read through the following paragraph. Circle the correct answer for each question.

Scientific Inquiry

During the inquiry that takes place in the Scientific Method people, whether they are scientists, students, or hobbyists, as questions about natural phenomena’s. They try to see the relationship between what is and then develop theories with the intent of explanation. 1. Why do people use the Scientific Method?

A. to have fun B. because they’re bored C. because it’s popular D. to explain phenomena’s of the world

2. What is a theory?

A. an explanation B. an idea C. a notion D. all of the above

3. What does an explanation do?

A. disproves B. tells why C. confuses D. none of the above

4. Who uses the Scientific Method?

A. students B. scientists C. hobbyists D. all of the above



13

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. research A. measurable

______ 2. observation B. significant event in natural world

______ 3. natural phenomena C. inquiry; investigation ______ 4. explanation D. act of looking; observing ______ 5. quantification E. make known, tell about



14

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. falsifiable A. statement to explain a previous observation and make a prediction ______ 2. theory B. prediction ______ 3. hypothesis C. collection of knowledge through the scientific method ______ 4. science D. possibility of a theory to disprove an earlier theory



15

Directions: Read the following paragraph. Circle the correct answer for each question.

Scientific Method The Scientific Method is just as it sounds, a method that scientists and people use in testing new ideas and theories. The Scientific Method is a universal procedure used to help explain phenomena’s of the natural world. What is unique to the Scientific Method is that the method allows for the result to be quantifiable! New ideas, insights, and adjusted explanations are gained when using the Scientific Method. 1. Why is the Scientific Method used?

A. to develop new ideas B. to make explanations C. neither A or B D. both A and B

2. What word can be substituted for quantifiable?

A. humorous B. outrageous C. measurable D. none of the above

3. Why is the Scientific Method unique?

A. results are measurable B. it’s not unique C. it’s boring D. it’s old

4. What is an outcome of using the Scientific Method?

A. adjusted explanations B. new insights C. new ideas D. all of the above



16


Scientific Method The basis of the Scientific Method is to reduce both personal and cultural influences that often impact on a person’s perceptions, outlooks, and interpretations of the world around them. The Scientific Method uses a standard and universal procedure, hence the word method, in the attempt to reduce or ideally eliminate these influences so inherently engraved. 1. What can influence a person’s way of thinking?

A. cultural beliefs B. personal beliefs C. A and B D. none of the above

2. What does the Scientific Method attempt to do?

A. minimize bias B. reduce prejudice C. provide a standard procedure D. all of the above

3. What does the word eliminate mean?

A. increase B. rid C. reduce D. none of the above

4. Another word for procedure is

A. pedicure B. peruse C. method D. none of the above



17


Scientific Method The result of conducting a test using the Scientific has only one of two possible outcomes. As a result of testing, the hypothesis of the experiment will either be confirmed or rejected. If a test is to be considered truly reliable and valid, the outcome must be able to be duplicated, and the stated prediction must align with the testing results. Each aspect of the experimenting experience must be observable and testable. 1. How many outcomes does the Scientific Method have?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 1 D. none of the above

2. The Scientific Method can prove or disprove a prediction.

A. true B. false

3. What does the term duplicated mean?

A. able to respond B. able to rotate C. able to remind D. able to be repeated

4. What must all pieces and procedures of the Scientific Method be?

A. interesting B. observable C. dangerous D. none of the above



18


Scientific Method So often, and each day, people use the Scientific Method. Although not in laboratory situations, people use the steps outlined in this procedure as a way of problem solving! For example, what does a person do when the water is dripping our of the sink faucet even when the knob is closed? The first thing the person may do is wonder what the problem is. They may wonder and predict whether the problem lies in the knob, the washer, or in a larger plumbing problem. The person’s thoughts travel in a similar way of the scientific thinking of a scientist. Another similarity is that the outcome of both the person and scientist may be far off from the originally thought cause!

1. Who can use the Scientific Method?

A. everyone B. students only C. scientists only D. none of the above

2. According to the paragraph, what is the 1st step of the Scientific Method?

A. investigation B. thinking C. question D. none of the above

3. What do people use the Scientific Method for?

A. vacuuming B. problem solving C. entertainment D. A and C



19


Scientific Method Sometimes a tested theory provides a brand new insight into particular natural phenomena. In addition, the extension of a current theory may also occur. Take a look at the example of how new information or the elaboration of a previously held theory can change an existing theory. Isaac Newton held an existing theory on the natural force of gravity. Albert Einstein, another scientist, learned new information about this phenomenon that changed the world’s understanding of gravity.

1. What is a possible outcome of conducting an experiment?

A. provide new insights B. elaborate existing beliefs C. neither A and B D. both A and B

2. What does it mean to elaborate?

A. tell more B. extend C. expand D. all of the above

3. What 2 scientists are referred to?

A. Einstein, Newton B. Bohr, Einstein C. Carver, Bohr D. none of the above

4. The outcomes of an experiment may change the way people think about something.

A. true B. false



20

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. observation A. break down to understand ______ 2. question B. act of looking or observing ______ 3. prediction C. test under controlled method ______ 4. experiment D. to ask, interrogate ______5. analyze E. foretell



21


Word Box

duplicated

procedure Scientific Method outcome

test

experiment hypothesis observe

Alphabetical Order

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

6. _____________________________________

7. _____________________________________

8. _____________________________________

Name ______________________ Electricity Date _______________________

National Science Content Standard: Physical Science © 2004 Teachnology, Inc.

22

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. phonograph A. rubber ______ 2. Thomas Edison B. metal ______ 3. conductor C. inventor ______ 4. insulator D. record player



23

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. simple circuit A. electricity can’t pass through ______ 2. open circuit B. one path current ______ 3. parallel circuit C. electricity can pass through ______ 4. closed circuit D. many paths for current



24

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. atoms A. drawn toward ______ 2. protons B. smallest particles ______ 3. electrons C. negatively charged atoms ______ 4. repel D. positively charged atoms ______ 5. attract E. push away



25

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. electricity A. measure of energy ______ 2. kilowatt hour B. balance of positive and negative charges ______ 3. neutral C. energy produced by flow of electrons ______ 4. voltage D. measurement of electrical energy ______ 5. watt (W) E. unit of measurement, named after J. Watt



26

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. patent A. glows hot and provides light ______ 2. telegraph B. devise to count votes quickly ______ 3. electrical vote recorder C. document protecting ownership ______ 4. incandescent light bulb D. machine that sends info through an electrical wire



27


Word Box

volt

atoms watt energy conductor

power insulate electricity circuit generator

1. _______________________ trieleccity 2. _______________________ erwpo 3. _______________________ mtosa 4. _______________________ tcuicir 5. _______________________ atrongeer 6. _______________________ gnerey 7. _______________________ vlot 8. _______________________ dcrounoct 9. _______________________ atwt 10. ______________________ atesluin



28


Word Box

outlet

switch power lines battery lightning

steam coal energy voltage atoms

1. _______________________ geyner 2. _______________________ thwcis 3. _______________________ ebatyrt 4. _______________________ ilihtngng 5. _______________________ ocal 6. _______________________ tetluo 7. _______________________ wreop esinl 8. _______________________ msato 9. _______________________ amtes 10. ______________________ gevtloa



29


Word Box

resistance

proton neutron neutral ohm

static

conductor positive negative charge

1. _______________________ vptioise 2. _______________________ npotor 3. _______________________ icsatt 4. _______________________ treiseasnc 5. _______________________ ainegtve 6. _______________________ rchgae 7. _______________________ rutneon 8. _______________________ hmo 9. _______________________ dnoctrouc 10. _______________________ enlarut



30


Electricity

The term volt was named after a man named Alessandro Volta. Born in Como, Italy in 1745, Alessandro worked as a scientist. In 1880, he built a contraption that turned out to be the world’s first electric battery! 1. Who was the word volt named after?

A. Matthew Volt B. JoanVolta C. Alessandro Volta D. Alexander Volta

2. On what continent was A. Volta born?

A. North America B. Australia C. Africa D. Europe

3. In what year was the first electric battery built?

A. 1880 B. 1980 C. 1990 D. 1888

4. Who was Alessandro Volta?

A. a painter B. a composer C. a builder D. a scientist



31


Electricity

Electricity is both helpful and dangerous. Never mix electricity and water. Never. Power lines, containing thousands and thousands of volts of electricity, can kill. Never play around or touch power lines. Only place an electrical plug in an electrical outlet, nothing else. 1. Electricity is useful, helpful and _______________.

A. dangerous B. harmful C. hurtful D. all of the above

2. What do power lines contain?

A. thousands and thousands of volts B. live energy C. electricity D. all of the above

3. What is the only item to ever place in an electrical outlet? __________________________

4. Water and electricity do not mix.

A. true B. false

Name ______________________ Simple Machines Date _______________________


32


Simple Machines

Simple machines help make-to-make work easier. There are six types of simple machines. One or more simple machines working together are called a compound machine. The 6 simple machines are the lever, screw, inclined plane, wheel and axle, and wedge. 1. Work is made _______________ with the use of simple machines.

A. more complicated B. heavier C. easier D. all of the above

2. What are two (2) simple machines?

A. lever B. automobile C. surf board D. inclined plane

3. Two or more simple machines working together are called a _______.

A. coin machine B. simple machine C. eating machine D. compound machine

4. How many simple machines are there? _________



33


Simple Machines

The term work is used to describe force acting on an object. In fact, the formula for work is this: work = force x distance, or w = f x d. The term force can be used interchangeably with the word effort. The force, or effort, may push or pull an object. 1. Work is a(n) ____________ that pushes or pulls an object.

A. drag B. activity C. force D. hobby

2. Circle the letter that correctly states the formula for work.

A. f = w x d B. d = w x f C. w = d x w D. w = f x d

3. Read the following text. Circle the letter of the best answer. Pretend you are riding your bike. Which type of hill would you have to work less on?

A. long, gently sloping hill B. short, steep hill C. long, steep hill


National Science Content Standard: History and Nature of Science © 2004 Teachnology, Inc.

34

Directions: Write the word from the word box, on the lines provided, to complete the paragraph below.

Word Box

changes

Leonardo DaVinci seen interested

experiments efficiently

existing

Leonardo (1.) _________________ was always (2) _____________________ in how tools and machines worked. He often conducted (3.) ___________________________ to learn more about machines. As a result of his studies, many changes were made to (4.) ____________________ machines! These (5.) __________________________ helped make the machines work better and therefore more (6.) _________________________. As a result of these changes, machines never before (7.) ________________________ were created!



35


Simple Machines

Leonardo DaVinci wore many hats. He was a painter during the Renaissance Period. He was also curious and very interested in the workings of machines. DaVinci kept a notebook with him at all times and would observe, and then sketch, the movable parts of machines. From these sketches and the knowledge they provided came improvements of machines.

1. Identify two (2) hats that Leonardo DaVinci wore.

A. swimmer B. painter C. inventor D. singer

2. To help study the workings of machines, what did DaVinci keep?

A. CD’s B. video tapes C. time D. notebooks

3. What filled DaVinci’s notebooks?

A. sketches of machines B. sand C. portraits D. water color paintings

4. What word would you use to describe DaVinci?

A. lazy B. comical C. curious D. depressed



36

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. pulley A. inclined plane wrapped around and around ______ 2. lever B. plane with one end higher than the other ______ 3. screw C. force that pulls or pushes a load at the end of a rope ______ 4. wheel & axle D. load at one end, force at the other end ______ 5. inclined plane E. rod through a wheel



37


Simple Machines

A seesaw is one example of a lever. The center of the seesaw rests on an object. This object is called the fulcrum. The fulcrum supports the lever. A force at one end of the lever is then able to raise and lower a load at the other end. 1. The seesaw is an example of what simple machine?

A. ramp B. lever C. pulley D. wheel and axle

2. The support in the center of the lever is called the ___________.

A. load B. distance C. weight D. fulcrum

3. The load when using a lever is usually located at or close to ________________.

A. one end of the lever B. both ends of the lever C. in the center of the lever D. none of the above

4. What does the force do when using a lever?

A. raises and lowers the load B. only lowers the load C. only raises the load D. all of the above



38


Simple Machines

Ramps help move items from a lower point to a higher point. Ramps are also known as inclined planes. The distance traveled increases with the length of the ramp. The effort however, is reduced with an increase length. 1. Another name for a ramp is _____________.

A. load B. pulley C. screw D. inclined plane

2. What is the goal of an inclined plane?

A. move objects from a low to a high place B. reduce effort C. increase effort D. A & B

3. Which example of riding a bike up a hill would help reduce effort?

A. long, sloping hill B. long, steep hill C. short, steep hill D. none of the above



39


Simple Machines

The wheel and axle allows movement and reduces work. The wheel and axle is another type of simple machine. In this simple machine, a rod is placed through the center of a wheel. This allows the wheel the ability to turn and thus move an object! 1. The wheel and axle is a(n) ___________________.

A. toy B. simple machine C. game D. car

2. A rod placed through a wheel describes which simple machine?

A. pulley B. lever C. screw D. wheel and axle

3. What does the rod allow the wheel to do?

A. turn B. rotate C. move D. all of the above

4. The wheel and axle

A. increases work B. sticks C. reduces work D. squeaks



40

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. effort A. tool ______ 2. distance B. f x d ______ 3. compound C. force ______ 4. machine D. more than one ______ 5. work E. space between objects



41

Directions: Match each word with its definition. Write the letter on line provided. ______ 1. Leonardo DaVinci A. f x d ______ 2. simple B. one ______ 3. work C. painter, inventor ______ 4. compound D. more than 1 ______ 5. fulcrum E. center support of lever

© 2004 Teachnology, Inc. 42

Answers Page 1 data experiment explanation inquiry interpret observations prediction question Page 2 analyzed explanation hypothesis interpret investigation phenomena research testing Page 3 conclusion hypothesis method observation prediction reliable scientific theory Page 4 conclusion experiment explanation falsifiable hypothesis prediction test theory Page 5 constant explanation inquiry interpret manipulated relationship testing variables

Page 6 data experiment explanation inquiry interpret observations prediction question Page 7 analyzed explanation, hypothesis interpret investigation phenomena research testing Page 8 conclusion hypothesis method observation prediction reliable scientific theory Page 9 conclusion experiment explanation falsifiable hypothesis prediction test, theory Page 10 constant explanation inquiry interpret manipulated relationship testing variables

Page 11 1. Answers will vary. 2. balance scale, fresh acorn, gram cubes, magnet 3. scale, gram cubes 4. acorn, magnet, possibly scale 5. Answers will vary. 6. Answers will vary. 7. Answers will vary. Page 12 1. d 2. d 3. b 4. d Page 13 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. e 5. a Page 14 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c Page 15 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. d Page 16 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. c Page 17 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b

Page 18 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c Page 19 1. d 2. d 3. a 4. a Page 20 1. b 2. d 3. e 4. c 5. a Page 21 duplicated experiment hypothesis observe outcome procedure Scientific Method test Page 22 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. a Page 23 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. c Page 24 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. e 5. a

Page 25 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. e Page 26 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. a Page 27 electricity power atoms circuit generator energy volt conductor watt insulate Page 28 energy switch battery lightening coal outlet power lines atoms steam voltage Page 29 positive proton static resistance negative charge neutron ohm conductor neutral

© 2004 Teachnology, Inc. 43

Page 30 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. d Page 31 1. d 2. d 3. plug 4. a Page 32 1. c 2. a, d 3. d 4. 6 Page 33 1. c 2. d 3. a Page 34 1. DaVinci 2. interested 3. experiments 4. existing 5. changes 6. efficiently 7. seen Page 35 1. b, c 2. d 3. a 4. c Page 36 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. e 5. b Page 37 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. a Page 38 1. d 2. a 3. a

Page 39 1. b 2. d 3. d 4. c Page 40 1. c 2. e 3. d 4. a 5. b Page 41 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. e

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