SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Film Canister Lab

There are many ways to conduct scienceExamples: Observational- Field study

Such as animal behavior “Experimental Research” – Conducts

controlled experiments. Tests one variable Different steps

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH“USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SCIENTIFIC METHOD”

One way of researching the natural world

Identify a Question or PurposeAfter observing the world around you, you can derive a problem that you want to find more aboutObservation: Plants grow taller in sunnier areas.

Derive a question based on observation above that you would like to investigate.

AND/OR State purpose of experiment Purpose Statement: Communicates what your

experiment is about.

Flip Book- Purpose QuestionRationale

Gives focus to the investigation

Format

Purpose: Statement or question

My Responsibility

Read for understanding

ExamplePurpose: Does the amount of light a plant receives effect the height of the plant?

ORPurpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the amount of sunlight on the height of plants.

Observation of film canister Get out piece of clean loose leaf paper and

a pencil Teacher demo

NO TALKING

LISTEN AND WATCH TEACHER

Film Canister Lab- Purpose :

Does changing the amount of water in the film canister change the reaction time?

Background Information Scientist research and become

knowledgeable about the subject and investigation that they are going to test.They know and understand key concepts

relating to their topic .AND/OR

They know and understand other investigations that have already been conducted about their topic.

Flip Book- Background infoRationale

Provide facts to understand the investigation

FormatBackground Information: Paragraph of information

My Responsibility• Read• Take notes and highlight• Make connections

ExampleOrganisms need energy to survive. Some organisms are capable of absorbing energy from sunlight and using it to produce sugar and other organic compounds such as lipids and proteins. The sugars are then used to provide energy for the organism. This process, called photosynthesis, is used by plants and some protists, bacteria, and blue-green algae.

You write:

SEE FILM

CANISTER

LAB

Background InformationThere's nothing like a little rocket science to add some excitement to the day. Alka-Seltzer (an effervescence) is made of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), citric acid, and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). When you add water it starts to dissolve the Alka-Seltzer tablet. When the solid dry powders of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and acetylsalicylic acid are pressed together to make a tablet, being solids, the molecules are not mobile enough to react. Adding water dissolves them and allows them to mingle and react. This creates a gas called carbon dioxide. As the carbon dioxide is being released, it creates pressure inside the film canister. The more gas that is made, the more pressure builds up until the cap it blasted down and the canister is blasted up. The lid of the canister is the path of least resistance for the gas pressure building up inside, so it pops off instead of the stronger sides or bottom of the canister bursting open. We can thank Sir Isaac Newton for what happens next. When the build up of carbon dioxide gas is too great and the lid pops off, Newton's Third Law explains why the film canister flies across the room: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The lid goes one way and the film canister shoots out of the tube in the opposite direction. This system of thrust is how a real rocket works whether it is in outer space or here in the earth's atmosphere. Of course, real rockets use rocket fuel.

Film Canister- Background Info

Example Things I Highlighted/Underlined• There is a chemical reaction that happens between an

acetylsalicylic acid and a sodium bicarbonate.• The reaction produces a gas (carbon dioxide).• The canister is sealed so the gas builds up inside the

canister creating pressure.• When there is too much pressure inside the canister, it

needs to go somewhere so the cap pops off because it is the path of least resistance.

• Demonstrates Newton’s third law• Demonstrates how thrust works

Cut and Glue in the Background information for the Film Canister Lab onto your Lab

Paper.

Hypothesis A HYPOTHESIS is a tentative statement

that proposes a possible explanation to some phenomenon or event.

A hypothesis:Is written in an IF…Then … Because

statement.Relates two variables (the independent and

dependent).Is testable.

Flip Book-HypothesisRationale

Clear, testable statementFormat

Hypothesis: If ____________________ (Independent Variable)

___________, then the ______________ _______ (changes) (Dependent Variable) (Changes)

because ________________________. (based on background info)

**** Do NOT use I, we, me, etc.****

My ResponsibilityForm an educated guess based on background information and prior knowledge

ExampleHypothesis: If the amount of sunlight is increased then the height of the plant will increase because it has more energy to drive the process of photosynthesis.

Identify Variables Independent Variable- the factor that you

manipulate, the factor that you change or monitor in an experiment. Cause X-axisAnswers the question: What do I

change?

Dependent Variable- the factor that changes in response to the independent variable, the results, the outcome that is being measured or observed in an experiment. EffectY-axisAnswers the questions: What do I

measure/observe?

Variables Continued Constant Variables- During the experiment to

only test one variable OR the independent variable scientists use CONSTANTS.Constants are factors in an experiment that stay the

same throughout the whole experiment. Answers the question: What do I keep the same?

Flip Book- VariablesRationale

Necessary to have a controlled experiment

FormatVariables: Independent: ONE Dependent: ONE Constants: At least two

My Responsibility• Identify one independent variable

• What do I change?• Identify one dependent variable (the

results)• What do I measure/observe?

• Identify at least two constants• These MUST stay the same

through ALL trials

ExampleVariables: Independent: Amount of sunlight Dependent: Height of plant (cm) Constants: Amount of water given Type of soil Size of pot

Film Canister- Hypothesis Hypothesis: If the amount of water is

increased then the reaction time of the lid popping off will decrease because there is less room in the canister for the pressure to build therefore popping off earlier.

Film Canister Lab- VariablesVariables: Independent: Amount of Water Dependent: Reaction time(seconds) Constants: Brand of effervescent tablet. Amount of effervescent tablet

MaterialsA detailed list of all the equipment

and materials needed to conduct the experiment.

You must be specific and methodical so that someone could exactly duplicate your experiment.

Use brand names and/or numbers for every single item on your list

Bullet the list with the details listed at the end of each item

Flip Book- MaterialsRationale

Lists all equipment and materials used during an investigation

FormatMaterials:• Needs to be bullet points• Brand names• Quantities

My ResponsibilityGather listed equipment and materials

ORIdentify and gather the equipment and materials

ExampleMaterials:

• (1) Beaker: plastic, 600 mL, Nalgene

• Miracle Grow Potting Soil, 600 grams

• Sam’s Farm Bean Seeds, 100 seeds total

• 3 L of tap water

SEE FILM

CANISTER LAB

Film Canister- MaterialsMaterials:• 2 Alka-Seltzer tablets• 1 film canister with cap• 1 graduated cylinder• 1 thermometer• 1 timer/stopwatch• 100 mL of tap water• Paper towels to clean up mess

ProcedureWrite a detailed and precise procedure that

includes the correct sequence of steps to be taken

The procedure should be specific and methodical so that another experimenter could duplicate the experiment without having to ask you ANY questions! Write for one level of the independent

variable and add repetitions for repeated trials

Written in step by step form using numbers

Flip Book- ProcedureRationale

Logical, detailed steps written so that another scientist could duplicate the exact lab

FormatProcedure:1. Listed in numerical steps2. Include multiple trials when applicable3. Can use “repeat” for multiple trials

My ResponsibilityFollow the detailed steps exactly

AND/ORWrite the detailed steps to be followed

ExampleProcedure:

1. Get the materials2. Pour 100 kg of potting soil into the

6” pot.3. Place 10 seeds in the center of the

pot.4. Pour another 100 kg of soil on top

of the seeds.5. Lightly pack down the soil.6. Repeat steps 2-5 for the other 10

pots

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CANISTER LAB

Film Canister- ProcedureProcedure:1. Break the tablet in half.2. Measure 10 mL of tap water3. Measure the temperature of the water.4. Pour the 10 mL of tap water into the film canister.5. Add one half of the tablet to a film canister. 6. Quickly cap the canister and turn upside down so

the cap is resting on the table. 7. Measure the time it takes to pop the top and

record in the data table. 8. Repeat steps 2-7 for one more trial. 9. Repeat steps 2-8 for 20 mL of water.

DataExcellent way to organize and show trends in data. Many types of graphs to show data.

Data TableDrawingsGraphs

○ Bar graph- most common, best when I.V. is not numerical.

○ Line graph-mostly used when you have numerical I.V. and D.V.

Flip Book-DataRationale

Used to organize the results of an investigation and used to identify trends and patterns in an investigation

FormatData Table:

Graph:

My ResponsibilityAccurately collect and record data in an organized format (chart, table, graph, drawing, etc.)

Example

Film Canister- Data Make a Data Table in your lab

Make a graph once you collected your data

IV- Amount of Water- mL

DV- Time in seconds Constants

Trial 1 Trial 2 Mean Amount of tablet

Temp of water

10 mL

20 mL

Conclusion Paragraph or several paragraphs stating whether

the data supported the hypothesis or not, the major findings including evidence from your data, include trends present in data, what happened that was unexpected (if any) and possible reasons why.

Also include any recommendations that would improved your experimentRemember that science is done by humans so what are

some human errors? Things you might not have been aware of before the experiment and know now that you would do differently.

Could also include possible things for further study

Flip Book- ConclusionRationale

Analyze and summarize the investigation to determine if the hypothesis has been supported

FormatConclusion:

THIS IS IN PARAGRAPH FORM- Use transition words between sentences

• Begin by restating the purpose. • Restate the hypothesis and include whether or

not the hypothesis was supported or unsupported.

• State and interpret the major findings from the investigation. This will act as the evidence to justify your claim (hypothesis was supported or unsupported).

• Include any recommendations that may have improved your investigation, and/or any errors that might have occurred that would impact the results of the investigation.

• End with an application statement (real world connection or in class connection).

ExampleSEE FILM CANISTER LAB

My ResponsibilityWrite a paragraph or several paragraphs stating the major findings of the investigation and whether or not the hypothesis has been supported

Film Canister- Conclusion

Report out or Redo experiment

Scientist review their investigation. They either make their studies known to the

scientific community. It is subject to peer review.

OR Make revisions to experiment Retest their revised investigation