Formulation & Testing of Hypothesis in Scientific Investigations.
Scientific Investigations Map 3139 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF … · TAYLOR H E N D R Y G L A D E S ......
Transcript of Scientific Investigations Map 3139 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF … · TAYLOR H E N D R Y G L A D E S ......
Ona
Tampa
Ocala
Venus
DeLand
Venice
Bartow
Ruskin
Brandon
Parrish
Palatka
Tavares
Orlando
Seville
Placida
Dunedin
Bronson
Gardner
Arcadia
Sebring
Sarasota
Lorraine
Bushnell
Oklawaha
Leesburg
Lakeland
Mulberry
Pineland
Suwannee
Palmdale
La Belle
Basinger
Wauchula
Englewood
Bradenton
Chiefland
Inverness
Homosassa
Kissimmee
Polk City
Davenport
Dade City
Avon Park
Fort Myers
Clearwater
Cross City
Fort McCoy
Rock Ridge
Plant City
Fort Ogden
Frostproof
Lake Wales
Fort Meade
Cape Coral
Punta Gorda
Myakka Head
Myakka City
Saint Cloud
Lake AlfredCitrus Park
Zephyrhills
San Antonio
Brooksville
Port Richey
Gainesville
Lake Placid
Winter Haven
Daytona Beach
Fort Lonesome
Crystal River
Tarpon Springs
Port Charlotte
St. Petersburg
Altamonte Springs
STARKEY
DUNEDIN
CROSS BARRANCH
BELLEAIR
CYPRESS CREEK
MORRISBRIDGE
SOUTH CENTRAL
NW HILLSBOROUGH DISPERSED
EASTLAKE
VERNA
ELDRIDGEWILDE
NORTHPASCO
ODESSACOSME
SOUTH PASCO
LAKELAND
SECTION 21
PIN
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SO
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CHAR LO TTE
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CALOOSAHATCHEERIVER
LAKEOKEECHOBEE
Shell
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Prairie
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Hors
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Peac
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Big
Slou
gh C
anal
Dee
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Creek
Myakka River
LAKEISTOKPOGA
Lake
Jackson
Lake
Placid
Lake June
in Winter
Braden River
Manatee
River
Little M
anatee River
S. Prong
Reedy
Lake
Lake
Livingston
Lake
Clinch
Crooked
LakeBuffum
Lake
Peace
Rive
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Lake
Arbuckle
Lake
Wechyokapka
Lake
Rosalie
Tiger
Lake
LAKE KISSIMM
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Lake Marian
TAMPA
BAY
HILLSB
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OLD TAMPA
BAY
Alafia
RiverN. P
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Lake
Hancock
Lake
Garfield
Lake
Pierce
Lake
Jackson
Cypress
Lake
Lake
Gentry
Alligator
Lake
Lake
PrestonEast Lake
Tohopekaliga
Lake
Hart
Lake Tohopekaliga
Lake
Conway
Lake
Hamilton
Lake
Marion
Lake
Juliana
Lake
Mattie
Lake
ParkerLake
Thonoiosassa
Blackwater
Creek
Rive
r
Hillsborough
Withlacoo
c hee
River
Lake
Tarpon
An c l ote
River
Pithlachascoiee
River
Crews
Lake
Lake
Monroe
Lake
Jessup
Lake
Harney
LAKEAPOPKA
LAKEHARRIS
LakeDora
Lake
Griffin
LakeEustis
Lake
Dorr
Lake
Norris
LakeWeir
Lake
Panasoffkee
Wek
iva
River
Lake
Louisa
Lake
Minnehaha
TSALA
APOPKA
LAKE
Crystal River
Springs Group
LAKEGEORGE
Lake
Woodruff
Lake
Disston
Lake
Kerr
ST. JOHNS RIVER
Oklaw
aha
River
Orange
Lake
Lake
Stafford
CRESCENTLAKE
Lochloosa
Lake
Newmans
Lake
ST.
JOHNS RIVER
Wekiva
River
Riv
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Wac
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GU
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Lithia
Springs
Sulphur
Springs
Rainbow
Springs
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Springs
WeekiWachee
Springs
WarmMineralSprings
Chassahowitzka
Springs
Crystal
Springs
L E E
P O L K
L A K E
D I X I E
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D E S O T O
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F L A G L E R
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C H A R L O T T E
H I G H L A N D S
G I L C H R I S T
O K E E C H O B E E
P A S C O
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SCALE 1:500,000MILES
KILOMETERS
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5 0 5 10 15 20
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STUDY AREA
MAP AREA
ALABAMA GEORGIA
FLORIDA
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Prepared in cooperation with theSOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
Scientific Investigations Map 3139Ortiz, A.G., 2010, Potentiometric surface of the Upper
Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2010
POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE OF THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER,WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA, MAY 2010
By A.G. Ortiz
Base from Southwest Florida Water Management District digital data, 1992,State Plane Florida East projection, NAD83
Copies of this map can be purchased from:U.S. Geological Survey
Branch of Information ServicesBox 25286Denver, Colorodo 80225-0286
Figure 1. Change in potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer from May 2009 to May 2010 in west-central Florida. Positive values indicate an increase in water-level altitudes.Negative values indicate a decrease in water-level altitudes.
HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS IN WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA
The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing fresh water are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000). This map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in May 2010. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly-cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the dry season, when groundwater levels usually are at an annual low and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are high. The cumulative average rainfall of 55.21 inches for west-central Florida (from June 2009 through May 2010) was 2.55 inches above the historical cumulative average of 52.66 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2010). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively.
Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period May 17-21, 2010. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a "snapshot" of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal low water-level condition.
WATER-LEVEL CHANGES
Water levels in about 96 percent of the wells measured in May 2010 were higher than the May 2009 water levels (Ortiz, 2009). Data from 412 wells indicate the May 2010 water levelsranged from about 4 feet below to about 22 feet above the May 2009 water levels (fig. 1). The largest water level increases occurred in southwest Polk County and over a large extent of Hardee County. The largest water level decline occurred in northwest Highlands County (fig. 1).
Water levels in about 79 percent of the wells measured in May 2010 were lower than the September 2009 water levels (Ortiz, 2010). Data from 404 wells indicate the May 2010 water levels ranged from about 25 feet below to 5 feet above the September 2009 water levels. The largest water level decline was in north-central Manatee County and the largest rise in water levels was in northwest Pasco County.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author thanks Tampa Bay Water and CF Industries for their assistance with the collection of data used to prepare this report. SELECTED REFERENCES
Lohman, S. W., 1979, Ground-water hydraulics: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 708, 72 p.
Ortiz, A. G., 2009, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3093, 1 sheet.
Ortiz, A. G., 2010, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3117, 1 sheet.
Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000, Aquifer characteristics within the Southwest Florida Water Management District: Broooksville, FL, 123 p.
Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2010, Hydrologic conditions for the month of May 2010: Broooksville, FL, 84 p.
EXPLANATION
MUNICIPAL WELL FIELD
POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR -- Shows altitude at which water would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval is 10 feet. National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929. Hachures indicate depressions. Dashed where approximately located.
BOUNDARY OF SOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
OBSERVATION WELL -- Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD of 1929.
SPRING
CITY OR TOWN
OBSERVATION WELL -- Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD of 1929. Bold number indicates water levels corrected for salinity.
VERNA
20
16
21
4.99 to -0
>0 to 4.99
5.00 to 9.99
10.00 to 14.99
15.00 to 19.99
>=20.00
EXPLANATION
Change in the potentiometric surface, in feet
(Positive values indicate an increase in water-level altitudes)