Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) Prof. Dr. A.C. Hemerijck director

Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR)

Prof. Dr. A.C. Hemerijckdirector

Role of the WRRPolicy making (Heclo) = puzzling + poweringWRR: puzzlingMandate to advise governmentGovernment obliged to respond

Characteristics of the WRRScientific/academicMultidisciplinaryPolicy orientedIntersectoralLong term perspectiveIndependent

Scientific/academic + mulitdisciplinaryMembers of Council are professorsMember of Staff have PhDsThey also teach at universityLaw, economics, socioligy, political science etc.

Policy oriented + IntersectoralCouncil for government policyGood contacts with policy makersComplex societal problemsNot restricted to single sectors or policy silos

Long term perspective25 years ago: predicting the future25 years later: formulating future adequate policy directions

IndependentWe dont have to listen to the prime minister the prime minister has to listen to us. Special law on WRROwn working program

WRR=council+staff

Council Legal mandate 1976Chairman Wim van de DonkOther members (8)Nominated by the cabinetWorking council (3 days a week)

StaffAcademic staff (25-30)Support staff (10)Organisation under Ministry of General Affairs (Prime Ministers Office)Budget for external studies

Council AND staffProject teamsStaff and Council meetingsThe primacy of argument

Various projectsDynamism in Islamitc activismClimate strategyWelfare stateLabour market, flexibility & securityNational identityInfrastructureSecurityInnovationReligionEurope

Recalibrating Work and Welfare in the Wider Europe

Anton Hemerijck (WRR, Erasmus University Rotterdam,Antwerp University)

OutlineEuropean orientations and welfare regimes Goodness of fit and the imperative of welfare recalibration Welfare performance at a glance Sequential (self-)transformation and the politics of recalibrationWhy we need a new welfare stateConclusions (role of EU)

Paul Pierson (2001)

In an atmosphere of austerity a fundamental rethinking of social policy seems a remote possibility.

1. European orientations and welfare regimes

European orientationsNormative: nobody left behind (significant redistribution)Cognitive: social policy (potentially) as a productive factor Institutional: democratically endorsed negotiated reformism (gradual transformative rather than punctuated change)

Mutiple equilibria effective, legitimate and coherent

Four (or five) welfare clustersScandinavian (generous/universal/tax)Anglo-Saxon (targeted on need/tax)Continental (encompassing breadwinner insurance contributions)Mediterranean (insider protection, no safety net, familialism)

New member states (mixed Beveridgean and Bismarckian catch-up far less coherence)

2. Goodness of fit and the imperative of welfare recalibration

Goodness of fit Welfare state institutions (policy legacies, administration, financing and spending levels)Compatible with: Structure of (international) economy (technology)Social (family and demographic) structure and value orientations EU (and international) political economy

Postwar goodness of fit Sovereign industrial economies based on exploiting existing (US) technologies Nuclear male breadwinner family social structure, young population (PAYGO)Limited international competition (foreign investment highly regulated)EU limited goals the expansion of heavy industry, the liberalization of trade, CAP, the deregulation of product markets (much later)All four original regimes equally viable to the 1980s

Goodness of fit in question

Accelerating economic internationalization and techological changePost-industrial differentiation (shift to services, feminization labour market, adverse demography, family destabilization) Relative austerity (standing commitments/low growth)EU not mandated to push through socially invasive and politically salient reforms (semi-sovereign welfare state)

Diverse systems no longer (equally) viable Scandinavian (public finance/flexibility problem largely resolved)Anglo-Saxon ([child] poverty/inequality problem improved under New Labour)Continental (inactivity/employment/pension problems catching up dualization)Mediterranean (segmentation/perverse familialism with declining fertility - divergence)More intense social problems in NMS, but also high growth

The imperative of recalibration

Functional evolution of socio-economic risksDistributive social groups and generationsNormative social justice considerations Institutional roles and responsibilities (organization of social policy)

3. Welfare performance at a glance

Total social expenditure in % of GDP, 1980-2003

Employment/population ratios, 1980 2006

Female employment and share of womens part-time work, 2006

Employment rates of older workers (55-64), 2006 (1997)

Standardized unemployment rates (2007/1997)

Life course employment rate in Sweden 1995 and 2005

Chart15

13.221.2

34.938.2

54.353.5

78.274.1

81.676.6

83.882

87.886.8

86.988.3

85.684.7

78.571.7

50.943.4

m

f

parte curbes 2005

Employment rates by sex, age groups and marital status (%)

Date of extraction: Wed, 18 Oct 06 01:24:07

Last update: Wed Oct 11 10:01:31 MEST 2006

eu25European Union (25 countries)


2005q02

totalTotal of the marital status

y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.839.156.88087.288.688.28681.265.234.8

f16.833.348.765.769.170.272.87163.645.819.2

beBelgium

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m628.949.484.889.190.687.186.678.150.718.3

f3.224.242.970.26966.159.852.73820.35.4

beBelgium

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.427.647.683.187.388.888.187.979.454.223.8

f4.825.545.373.773.273.974.468.459.132.510.5

czCzech Republic

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

czCzech Republic

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m53155.287.993.692.590.689.786.177.733.8

f3.922.539.857.565.677.983.78579.345.212.1

dkDenmark

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m65.17176.585.691.390.585.985.884.577.247.5

f56.460.964.668.274.880.783.879.967.951.520

dkDenmark

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m57.566.37680.688.991.189.788.486.582.747.3

f50.557.66572.278.483.383.882.278.974.826.3

deGermany (including ex-GDR from 1991)

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m31.649.867.579.988.890.690.189.285.664.426.7

f26.346.263.667.165.667.170.866.660.4409.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m26.942.959.27584.387.686.984.580.771.434.8

f20.639.657.864.267.371.275.374.569.754.921.2

eeEstonia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

eeEstonia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:32.66289.387.383.480.475.668.367.152.7

f:28.152.565.276.973.583.888.380.173.137.5

grGreece

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.233.356.683.391.393.792.991.18571.646.1

f7.720.333.951.254.954.551.842.436.627.819.9

grGreece

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.630.648.282.991.392.893.291.886.870.843.7

f4.72032.860.362.762.962.256.345.631.220

esSpain

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m12.128.343.968.278.483.584.382.778.261.335.6

f8.32031.244.344.84341.5352821.314

esSpain

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m2042.660.780.88989.889.388.184.171.145.8

f12.332.748.868.367.561.762.557.547.935.218.8

frFrance

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

frFrance

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1433.954.281.788.388.68989.58558.514.5

f7.826.64569.470.773.376.476.671.651.412.9

ieIreland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m17.738.563.180.483.583.480.979.975.966.653

f12.534.359.567.457.749.34238.431.423.614.3

ieIreland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.748.569.587.789.590.590.288.883.171.658.1

f20.544.164.27771.964.264.664.957.745.127.5

itItaly

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m14.930.84571.586.191.692.488.876.55629.6

f8.320.831.546.750.552.750.54534.319.27.5

itItaly

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m10.531.250.573.687.290.792.290.485.755.127.5

f5.420.834.553.862.461.962.257.149.130.49.5

cyCyprus

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

cyCyprus

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m11.14167.591.891.394.992.992.390.581.357.9

f5.533.259.375.677.672.374.870.162.541.219.1

lvLatvia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

lvLatvia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.234.461.484.680.982.884.786.776.169.136.4

f10.126.7446872.474.980.880.278.358.228.6

ltLithuania

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

ltLithuania

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:25.249.983.586.886.483.582.577.164.853

f:16.633.174.579.880.982.980.768.162.725.2

luLuxembourg (Grand-Duch)

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m15.239.659.686.495.294.994.892.888.453.814.8

f1336.856.862.854.249.952.84729.918.37.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m8.728.448.485.495.796.994.892.389.256.714.4

f:21.339.677.273.169.967.766.754.936.311

huHungary

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

huHungary

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.523.84381.586.785.483.275.969.955.821

f2.218.934.459.861.269.674.374.46641.210.3

mtMalta

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

mtMalta

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.146.773.189.990.795.190.286.379.567.926.6

f21.74364.561.542.437.529.626.421.121.15.2

nlNetherlands

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m39.45567.784.988.190.890.188.682.257.719.8

f34.953.969.171.563.760.660.856.644.527.77.6

nlNetherlands

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m54.865.676.888.592.490.491.189.987.575.532.4

f53.564.77681.578.675.775.474.4674817.6

atAustria

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

atAustria

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.655.671.685.791.292.191.588.78462.219.9

f27.647.565.876.475.478.978.878.966.437.98.1

plPoland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

plPoland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.523.938.975.781.782.179.573.563.542.324.4

f4.418.831.658.567.169.870.965.848.523.113.1

ptPortugal

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.140.157.584.988.991.692.390.282.666.151

f18.132.346.570.872.575.671.265.556.940.725.5

ptPortugal

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1740.7608289.390.688.188.680.76847.3

f10.231.248.174.782.276.376.174.266.450.936.1

siSlovenia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

siSlovenia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.836.45784.594.192.686.986.774.158.222

f8.726.843.178.587.386.687.981.669.13010

skSlovakia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

skSlovakia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.128.251.77982.182.684.879.277.967.220.4

f2.223.3435463.772.877.777.570.922.56.6

fiFinland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.73048.773.676.778.476.374.871.446.121.3

f17.428.340.159.668.871.475.77873.549.217.7

fiFinland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.843.56282.787.187.586.585.679.262.836.4

f27.544.560.371.17579.480.785.680.866.831.4

seSweden

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.234.954.378.281.683.887.886.985.678.550.9

f21.238.253.574.176.68286.888.384.771.743.4

seSweden

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.339.260.579.887.489.788.387.8858260

f24.641.259.773.578.883.384.683.581.476.853.5

ukUnited Kingdom

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.955.770.38386.18786.485.580.166.245.1

f39.451.862.367.365.469.773.474.867.253.124.6

ukUnited Kingdom

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m37.854.472.286.588.789.588.487.584.675.153.8

f39.751.563.472.773.17377.378.974.262.230.6

y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

parte curbes 2005

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Chart10

20.324.6

39.241.2

60.559.7

79.873.5

87.478.8

89.783.3

88.384.6

87.883.5

8581.4

8276.8

6053.5

m

f

parte curbes 2005






2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.839.156.88087.288.688.28681.265.234.8

f16.833.348.765.769.170.272.87163.645.819.2

beBelgium

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m628.949.484.889.190.687.186.678.150.718.3

f3.224.242.970.26966.159.852.73820.35.4

beBelgium

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.427.647.683.187.388.888.187.979.454.223.8

f4.825.545.373.773.273.974.468.459.132.510.5

czCzech Republic

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

czCzech Republic

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m53155.287.993.692.590.689.786.177.733.8

f3.922.539.857.565.677.983.78579.345.212.1

dkDenmark

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m65.17176.585.691.390.585.985.884.577.247.5

f56.460.964.668.274.880.783.879.967.951.520

dkDenmark

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m57.566.37680.688.991.189.788.486.582.747.3

f50.557.66572.278.483.383.882.278.974.826.3


1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m31.649.867.579.988.890.690.189.285.664.426.7

f26.346.263.667.165.667.170.866.660.4409.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m26.942.959.27584.387.686.984.580.771.434.8

f20.639.657.864.267.371.275.374.569.754.921.2

eeEstonia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

eeEstonia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:32.66289.387.383.480.475.668.367.152.7

f:28.152.565.276.973.583.888.380.173.137.5

grGreece

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.233.356.683.391.393.792.991.18571.646.1

f7.720.333.951.254.954.551.842.436.627.819.9

grGreece

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.630.648.282.991.392.893.291.886.870.843.7

f4.72032.860.362.762.962.256.345.631.220

esSpain

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m12.128.343.968.278.483.584.382.778.261.335.6

f8.32031.244.344.84341.5352821.314

esSpain

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m2042.660.780.88989.889.388.184.171.145.8

f12.332.748.868.367.561.762.557.547.935.218.8

frFrance

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

frFrance

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1433.954.281.788.388.68989.58558.514.5

f7.826.64569.470.773.376.476.671.651.412.9

ieIreland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m17.738.563.180.483.583.480.979.975.966.653

f12.534.359.567.457.749.34238.431.423.614.3

ieIreland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.748.569.587.789.590.590.288.883.171.658.1

f20.544.164.27771.964.264.664.957.745.127.5

itItaly

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m14.930.84571.586.191.692.488.876.55629.6

f8.320.831.546.750.552.750.54534.319.27.5

itItaly

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m10.531.250.573.687.290.792.290.485.755.127.5

f5.420.834.553.862.461.962.257.149.130.49.5

cyCyprus

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

cyCyprus

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m11.14167.591.891.394.992.992.390.581.357.9

f5.533.259.375.677.672.374.870.162.541.219.1

lvLatvia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

lvLatvia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.234.461.484.680.982.884.786.776.169.136.4

f10.126.7446872.474.980.880.278.358.228.6

ltLithuania

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

ltLithuania

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:25.249.983.586.886.483.582.577.164.853

f:16.633.174.579.880.982.980.768.162.725.2


1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m15.239.659.686.495.294.994.892.888.453.814.8

f1336.856.862.854.249.952.84729.918.37.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m8.728.448.485.495.796.994.892.389.256.714.4

f:21.339.677.273.169.967.766.754.936.311

huHungary

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

huHungary

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.523.84381.586.785.483.275.969.955.821

f2.218.934.459.861.269.674.374.46641.210.3

mtMalta

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

mtMalta

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.146.773.189.990.795.190.286.379.567.926.6

f21.74364.561.542.437.529.626.421.121.15.2

nlNetherlands

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m39.45567.784.988.190.890.188.682.257.719.8

f34.953.969.171.563.760.660.856.644.527.77.6

nlNetherlands

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m54.865.676.888.592.490.491.189.987.575.532.4

f53.564.77681.578.675.775.474.4674817.6

atAustria

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

atAustria

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.655.671.685.791.292.191.588.78462.219.9

f27.647.565.876.475.478.978.878.966.437.98.1

plPoland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

plPoland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.523.938.975.781.782.179.573.563.542.324.4

f4.418.831.658.567.169.870.965.848.523.113.1

ptPortugal

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.140.157.584.988.991.692.390.282.666.151

f18.132.346.570.872.575.671.265.556.940.725.5

ptPortugal

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1740.7608289.390.688.188.680.76847.3

f10.231.248.174.782.276.376.174.266.450.936.1

siSlovenia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

siSlovenia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.836.45784.594.192.686.986.774.158.222

f8.726.843.178.587.386.687.981.669.13010

skSlovakia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

skSlovakia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.128.251.77982.182.684.879.277.967.220.4

f2.223.3435463.772.877.777.570.922.56.6

fiFinland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.73048.773.676.778.476.374.871.446.121.3

f17.428.340.159.668.871.475.77873.549.217.7

fiFinland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.843.56282.787.187.586.585.679.262.836.4

f27.544.560.371.17579.480.785.680.866.831.4

seSweden

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.234.954.378.281.683.887.886.985.678.550.9

f21.238.253.574.176.68286.888.384.771.743.4

seSweden

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.339.260.579.887.489.788.387.8858260

f24.641.259.773.578.883.384.683.581.476.853.5

ukUnited Kingdom

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.955.770.38386.18786.485.580.166.245.1

f39.451.862.367.365.469.773.474.867.253.124.6

ukUnited Kingdom

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m37.854.472.286.588.789.588.487.584.675.153.8

f39.751.563.472.773.17377.378.974.262.230.6

y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

parte curbes 2005

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f

Life course employment rate in Spain 1995 and 2005

Chart18

12.18.3

28.320

43.931.2

68.244.3

78.444.8

83.543

84.341.5

82.735

78.228

61.321.3

35.614

m

f

parte curbes 2005






2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.839.156.88087.288.688.28681.265.234.8

f16.833.348.765.769.170.272.87163.645.819.2

beBelgium

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m628.949.484.889.190.687.186.678.150.718.3

f3.224.242.970.26966.159.852.73820.35.4

beBelgium

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.427.647.683.187.388.888.187.979.454.223.8

f4.825.545.373.773.273.974.468.459.132.510.5

czCzech Republic

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

czCzech Republic

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m53155.287.993.692.590.689.786.177.733.8

f3.922.539.857.565.677.983.78579.345.212.1

dkDenmark

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m65.17176.585.691.390.585.985.884.577.247.5

f56.460.964.668.274.880.783.879.967.951.520

dkDenmark

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m57.566.37680.688.991.189.788.486.582.747.3

f50.557.66572.278.483.383.882.278.974.826.3


1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m31.649.867.579.988.890.690.189.285.664.426.7

f26.346.263.667.165.667.170.866.660.4409.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m26.942.959.27584.387.686.984.580.771.434.8

f20.639.657.864.267.371.275.374.569.754.921.2

eeEstonia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

eeEstonia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:32.66289.387.383.480.475.668.367.152.7

f:28.152.565.276.973.583.888.380.173.137.5

grGreece

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.233.356.683.391.393.792.991.18571.646.1

f7.720.333.951.254.954.551.842.436.627.819.9

grGreece

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.630.648.282.991.392.893.291.886.870.843.7

f4.72032.860.362.762.962.256.345.631.220

esSpain

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m12.128.343.968.278.483.584.382.778.261.335.6

f8.32031.244.344.84341.5352821.314

esSpain

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m2042.660.780.88989.889.388.184.171.145.8

f12.332.748.868.367.561.762.557.547.935.218.8

frFrance

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

frFrance

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1433.954.281.788.388.68989.58558.514.5

f7.826.64569.470.773.376.476.671.651.412.9

ieIreland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m17.738.563.180.483.583.480.979.975.966.653

f12.534.359.567.457.749.34238.431.423.614.3

ieIreland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.748.569.587.789.590.590.288.883.171.658.1

f20.544.164.27771.964.264.664.957.745.127.5

itItaly

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m14.930.84571.586.191.692.488.876.55629.6

f8.320.831.546.750.552.750.54534.319.27.5

itItaly

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m10.531.250.573.687.290.792.290.485.755.127.5

f5.420.834.553.862.461.962.257.149.130.49.5

cyCyprus

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

cyCyprus

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m11.14167.591.891.394.992.992.390.581.357.9

f5.533.259.375.677.672.374.870.162.541.219.1

lvLatvia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

lvLatvia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.234.461.484.680.982.884.786.776.169.136.4

f10.126.7446872.474.980.880.278.358.228.6

ltLithuania

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

ltLithuania

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:25.249.983.586.886.483.582.577.164.853

f:16.633.174.579.880.982.980.768.162.725.2


1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m15.239.659.686.495.294.994.892.888.453.814.8

f1336.856.862.854.249.952.84729.918.37.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m8.728.448.485.495.796.994.892.389.256.714.4

f:21.339.677.273.169.967.766.754.936.311

huHungary

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

huHungary

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.523.84381.586.785.483.275.969.955.821

f2.218.934.459.861.269.674.374.46641.210.3

mtMalta

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

mtMalta

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.146.773.189.990.795.190.286.379.567.926.6

f21.74364.561.542.437.529.626.421.121.15.2

nlNetherlands

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m39.45567.784.988.190.890.188.682.257.719.8

f34.953.969.171.563.760.660.856.644.527.77.6

nlNetherlands

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m54.865.676.888.592.490.491.189.987.575.532.4

f53.564.77681.578.675.775.474.4674817.6

atAustria

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

atAustria

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.655.671.685.791.292.191.588.78462.219.9

f27.647.565.876.475.478.978.878.966.437.98.1

plPoland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

plPoland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.523.938.975.781.782.179.573.563.542.324.4

f4.418.831.658.567.169.870.965.848.523.113.1

ptPortugal

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.140.157.584.988.991.692.390.282.666.151

f18.132.346.570.872.575.671.265.556.940.725.5

ptPortugal

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1740.7608289.390.688.188.680.76847.3

f10.231.248.174.782.276.376.174.266.450.936.1

siSlovenia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

siSlovenia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.836.45784.594.192.686.986.774.158.222

f8.726.843.178.587.386.687.981.669.13010

skSlovakia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

skSlovakia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.128.251.77982.182.684.879.277.967.220.4

f2.223.3435463.772.877.777.570.922.56.6

fiFinland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.73048.773.676.778.476.374.871.446.121.3

f17.428.340.159.668.871.475.77873.549.217.7

fiFinland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.843.56282.787.187.586.585.679.262.836.4

f27.544.560.371.17579.480.785.680.866.831.4

seSweden

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.234.954.378.281.683.887.886.985.678.550.9

f21.238.253.574.176.68286.888.384.771.743.4

seSweden

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.339.260.579.887.489.788.387.8858260

f24.641.259.773.578.883.384.683.581.476.853.5

ukUnited Kingdom

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.955.770.38386.18786.485.580.166.245.1

f39.451.862.367.365.469.773.474.867.253.124.6

ukUnited Kingdom

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m37.854.472.286.588.789.588.487.584.675.153.8

f39.751.563.472.773.17377.378.974.262.230.6

y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

parte curbes 2005

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f

Chart11

37.839.7

54.451.5

72.263.4

86.572.7

88.773.1

89.573

88.477.3

87.578.9

84.674.2

75.162.2

53.830.6

m

f

parte curbes 2005






2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.839.156.88087.288.688.28681.265.234.8

f16.833.348.765.769.170.272.87163.645.819.2

beBelgium

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m628.949.484.889.190.687.186.678.150.718.3

f3.224.242.970.26966.159.852.73820.35.4

beBelgium

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.427.647.683.187.388.888.187.979.454.223.8

f4.825.545.373.773.273.974.468.459.132.510.5

czCzech Republic

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

czCzech Republic

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m53155.287.993.692.590.689.786.177.733.8

f3.922.539.857.565.677.983.78579.345.212.1

dkDenmark

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m65.17176.585.691.390.585.985.884.577.247.5

f56.460.964.668.274.880.783.879.967.951.520

dkDenmark

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m57.566.37680.688.991.189.788.486.582.747.3

f50.557.66572.278.483.383.882.278.974.826.3


1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m31.649.867.579.988.890.690.189.285.664.426.7

f26.346.263.667.165.667.170.866.660.4409.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m26.942.959.27584.387.686.984.580.771.434.8

f20.639.657.864.267.371.275.374.569.754.921.2

eeEstonia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

eeEstonia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:32.66289.387.383.480.475.668.367.152.7

f:28.152.565.276.973.583.888.380.173.137.5

grGreece

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.233.356.683.391.393.792.991.18571.646.1

f7.720.333.951.254.954.551.842.436.627.819.9

grGreece

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.630.648.282.991.392.893.291.886.870.843.7

f4.72032.860.362.762.962.256.345.631.220

esSpain

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m12.128.343.968.278.483.584.382.778.261.335.6

f8.32031.244.344.84341.5352821.314

esSpain

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m2042.660.780.88989.889.388.184.171.145.8

f12.332.748.868.367.561.762.557.547.935.218.8

frFrance

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

frFrance

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1433.954.281.788.388.68989.58558.514.5

f7.826.64569.470.773.376.476.671.651.412.9

ieIreland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m17.738.563.180.483.583.480.979.975.966.653

f12.534.359.567.457.749.34238.431.423.614.3

ieIreland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.748.569.587.789.590.590.288.883.171.658.1

f20.544.164.27771.964.264.664.957.745.127.5

itItaly

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m14.930.84571.586.191.692.488.876.55629.6

f8.320.831.546.750.552.750.54534.319.27.5

itItaly

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m10.531.250.573.687.290.792.290.485.755.127.5

f5.420.834.553.862.461.962.257.149.130.49.5

cyCyprus

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

cyCyprus

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m11.14167.591.891.394.992.992.390.581.357.9

f5.533.259.375.677.672.374.870.162.541.219.1

lvLatvia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

lvLatvia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m9.234.461.484.680.982.884.786.776.169.136.4

f10.126.7446872.474.980.880.278.358.228.6

ltLithuania

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

ltLithuania

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:25.249.983.586.886.483.582.577.164.853

f:16.633.174.579.880.982.980.768.162.725.2


1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m15.239.659.686.495.294.994.892.888.453.814.8

f1336.856.862.854.249.952.84729.918.37.9


2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m8.728.448.485.495.796.994.892.389.256.714.4

f:21.339.677.273.169.967.766.754.936.311

huHungary

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

huHungary

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.523.84381.586.785.483.275.969.955.821

f2.218.934.459.861.269.674.374.46641.210.3

mtMalta

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

mtMalta

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.146.773.189.990.795.190.286.379.567.926.6

f21.74364.561.542.437.529.626.421.121.15.2

nlNetherlands

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m39.45567.784.988.190.890.188.682.257.719.8

f34.953.969.171.563.760.660.856.644.527.77.6

nlNetherlands

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m54.865.676.888.592.490.491.189.987.575.532.4

f53.564.77681.578.675.775.474.4674817.6

atAustria

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

atAustria

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.655.671.685.791.292.191.588.78462.219.9

f27.647.565.876.475.478.978.878.966.437.98.1

plPoland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

plPoland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m7.523.938.975.781.782.179.573.563.542.324.4

f4.418.831.658.567.169.870.965.848.523.113.1

ptPortugal

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.140.157.584.988.991.692.390.282.666.151

f18.132.346.570.872.575.671.265.556.940.725.5

ptPortugal

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m1740.7608289.390.688.188.680.76847.3

f10.231.248.174.782.276.376.174.266.450.936.1

siSlovenia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

siSlovenia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.836.45784.594.192.686.986.774.158.222

f8.726.843.178.587.386.687.981.669.13010

skSlovakia

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m:::::::::::

f:::::::::::

skSlovakia

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m3.128.251.77982.182.684.879.277.967.220.4

f2.223.3435463.772.877.777.570.922.56.6

fiFinland

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.73048.773.676.778.476.374.871.446.121.3

f17.428.340.159.668.871.475.77873.549.217.7

fiFinland

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m24.843.56282.787.187.586.585.679.262.836.4

f27.544.560.371.17579.480.785.680.866.831.4

seSweden

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m13.234.954.378.281.683.887.886.985.678.550.9

f21.238.253.574.176.68286.888.384.771.743.4

seSweden

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m20.339.260.579.887.489.788.387.8858260

f24.641.259.773.578.883.384.683.581.476.853.5

ukUnited Kingdom

1995q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m38.955.770.38386.18786.485.580.166.245.1

f39.451.862.367.365.469.773.474.867.253.124.6

ukUnited Kingdom

2005q02


y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

m37.854.472.286.588.789.588.487.584.675.153.8

f39.751.563.472.773.17377.378.974.262.230.6

y15_19y15_24y20_24y25_29y30_34y35_39y40_44y45_49y50_54y55_59y60_64

parte curbes 2005

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Fertility (1970-2003)

Grafiek19

1.951.76

1.821.76

1.921.71

2.031.34

2.471.89

2.571.75

2.251.61

2.291.39

3.931.98

2.431.71

2.421.29

2.391.27

2.831.44

2.91.29

1.911.18

1.981.3

2.21.24

2.41.17

1970

2003

Fertility rate, 1970 and 2003

Armoederatio

Algemene Relatieve Armoederatio

2000

DK4.30%

FI6.40%

SE5.30%

DE9.76%

FR7.00%

NE6.00%

AT9.30%

IE15.40%

UK11.40%

IT12.90%

GR13.50%

PT13.70%

PL9.80%

CZ4.30%

HU8.20%

Bron: Frster, M Mira D'Ercole, M (2005), Income distribution in OECD countries in the second half of the 1990's

mid 1980mid 19902000

Austria6.067.409.301983, 1993, 1999

Belgium10.527.80:1983, 1995, n.a.

Czech Republic:4.304.30n.a., 1996, 2002

Denmark5.293.804.301983, 1994, 2000

Finland5.094.906.401986, 1995, 2000

France7.957.507.001984, 1994, 2000

Germany6.409.149.76n.a., 1994, 2001

Greece13.4413.9013.501988, 1994, 1999

Hungary:7.408.20n.a., 1995, 2000

Ireland10.5811.0015.40n.a., 1994., 2000

Italy10.3014.2012.901984, 1995, 2000

Luxembourg5.405.505.501986, 1996, 2001

Netherlands3.106.306.001985, 1995, 2000

Poland:9.909.80n.a., 1995, 2000

Portugal:14.6013.70n.a., 1995, 2000

Slovak Republic:::

Spain13.7711.50:1985, 1995, n.a.

Sweden6.003.705.301983, 1995, 2000

UK6.9510.9011.401985, 1995, 2000

USA17.9516.7017.101989, 1995, 2000

Range10.3410.5011.10

Mean7.218.198.90

Stdev2.893.663.70

unweighted, AT, DK, FI, FR, DE, GR, IE, IT,LU, NL, SW, UK

Armoederatio

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2000

Relative Poverty Rate (2000)Percentage of the population living below the median of income

Gini

Frster, M Mira D'Ercole, M (2005), Income distribution in OECD countries in the second half of the 1990's, OECD Working Paper no.22

Gini-coefficint

2000

DK0.225

FI0.261

SE0.243

FR0.277

DE0.273

NE0.251

BE0.252

IE0.304

UK0.326

IT0.347

GR0.356

PT0.345

CZ0.260

HU0.293

PL0.367

mid 1980mid 19902000

Austria0.2360.2380.2521983; 1993; 1999

Belgium:0.272:1995

Czech Republic:0.2570.2601996; 2002

Denmark0.2280.2130.2251983; 1994; 2000

Finland0.2070.2280.2611986; 1995; 2000

France0.2760.2780.2731984; 1994; 2000

Germany0.2650.2800.2771984; 1994; 2001

Greece0.3360.3360.3451988; 1994; 1999

Hungary:0.2940.293

Ireland0.3310.3240.3041987; 1994; 2000

Italy0.3060.3480.3471984; 1995; 2000

Luxembourg0.2470.2590.2611986/87; 1996; 2000

Netherlands0.2340.2550.2511985; 1995; 2000

Poland:0.3890.3671995; 2000

Portugal:0.3590.3561995; 2000

Slovak Republic:::

Spain:0.303:1995

Sweden0.2160.2110.2431983; 1995; 2000

UK0.2860.3120.3261985; 1995; 2000

USA0.3380.3610.3571984; 1995; 2000

Range0.1290.1370.122

Mean0.2640.2730.280

Stdev0.0440.0480.041

(unweighted, AT, DK, FI, FR, DE, GR, IT, LUX, NL, SW, UK)

Gini

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Gini coefficient (2000)

Totale publieke uitgaven

Totale publieke uitgaven als percentage van het BNP 1980-2000

'80'85'90'91'92'93'94'95'96'97'98'99'00

Sweden28.83%29.96%30.78%32.40%35.34%36.77%35.35%32.96%32.48%31.04%30.40%29.92%28.60%

Germany22.98%23.62%22.80%24.87%26.37%26.94%26.91%27.46%28.09%27.62%27.37%27.37%27.17%

Netherlands26.95%27.32%27.65%27.73%28.32%28.55%27.20%25.58%24.41%23.98%23.01%22.51%21.77%

United Kingdom17.93%21.10%19.55%21.13%23.11%23.66%23.22%23.01%22.78%22.02%21.49%21.25%21.69%

Italy18.42%21.27%23.26%23.50%24.32%24.72%24.36%23.02%23.54%24.16%23.75%24.15%24.07%

Czech Republic17.018.318.719.219.218.918.819.719.519.820.3

Poland15.522.126.225.624.423.823.923.322.022.221.9

Bron: OECD Social Expenditure Database

'80'85'90'91'92'93'94'95'96'97'98'99'00

Sweden28.83%29.96%30.78%32.40%35.34%36.77%35.35%32.96%32.48%31.04%30.40%29.92%28.60%

Germany22.98%23.62%22.80%24.87%26.37%26.94%26.91%27.46%28.09%27.62%27.37%27.37%27.17%

Netherlands26.95%27.32%27.65%27.73%28.32%28.55%27.20%25.58%24.41%23.98%23.01%22.51%21.77%

United Kingdom17.93%21.10%19.55%21.13%23.11%23.66%23.22%23.01%22.78%22.02%21.49%21.25%21.69%

Italy18.42%21.27%23.26%23.50%24.32%24.72%24.36%23.02%23.54%24.16%23.75%24.15%24.07%

Czech Republic17.03%18.34%18.70%19.19%19.21%18.88%18.81%19.70%19.55%19.80%20.32%

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria22.5::::24.1::::24.124.425.026.627.326.626.726.025.726.126.026.0

Belgium24.125.726.426.725.926.926.726.426.025.226.927.728.429.929.228.128.627.527.527.226.727.2

Czech Republic::::::::::17.018.318.719.219.218.918.819.719.519.820.320.1

Denmark29.129.429.629.928.727.927.027.829.229.529.330.230.732.333.132.431.730.730.229.828.929.2

Finland18.518.920.021.021.923.023.624.123.323.124.829.933.933.933.131.130.928.726.526.124.524.8

France21.122.222.923.123.526.626.426.226.025.226.627.228.029.529.329.229.429.429.028.928.328.5

Germany23.023.723.823.423.123.623.623.924.023.022.824.926.426.926.927.528.127.627.427.427.227.4

Greece11.513.816.216.917.217.917.717.716.417.520.920.120.221.121.221.422.122.122.823.623.624.3

Hungary:::::::::::::::::::20.820.020.1

Ireland17.017.117.717.917.322.122.221.420.018.418.619.520.420.320.019.418.216.815.614.213.613.8

Italy18.419.820.321.420.921.321.321.521.621.923.323.524.324.724.423.023.524.223.724.124.124.4

Luxembourg23.525.224.424.623.223.022.223.322.421.721.922.422.823.123.023.823.922.621.721.520.020.8

Netherlands26.927.929.529.828.627.326.927.026.626.227.627.728.328.627.225.624.424.023.022.521.821.8

Poland::::::::::15.522.126.225.624.423.823.923.322.022.221.923.0

Portugal10.911.711.011.111.011.112.012.212.411.913.914.915.617.217.318.019.118.919.119.820.521.1

Slovak Republic:::::::::::::::19.219.118.719.018.918.317.9

Spain15.917.017.117.817.618.217.917.818.318.519.520.321.422.522.021.421.620.920.319.919.919.6

Sweden28.829.830.030.329.030.030.030.130.629.930.832.435.336.835.433.032.531.030.429.928.628.9

United Kingdom17.919.520.120.921.021.121.220.519.118.619.521.123.123.723.223.022.822.021.521.221.721.8

United States13.313.514.014.113.213.013.113.113.013.013.414.515.215.415.415.515.314.914.514.214.214.8

Czech Republic::::::::::17.018.318.719.219.218.918.819.719.519.820.320.1

Poland::::::::::15.522.126.225.624.423.823.923.322.022.221.923.0

'80'85'90'91'92'93'94'95'96'97'98'99'00

Sweden28.83%29.96%30.78%32.40%35.34%36.77%35.35%32.96%32.48%31.04%30.40%29.92%28.60%

Germany22.98%23.62%22.80%24.87%26.37%26.94%26.91%27.46%28.09%27.62%27.37%27.37%27.17%

Netherlands26.95%27.32%27.65%27.73%28.32%28.55%27.20%25.58%24.41%23.98%23.01%22.51%21.77%

United Kingdom17.93%21.10%19.55%21.13%23.11%23.66%23.22%23.01%22.78%22.02%21.49%21.25%21.69%

Italy18.42%21.27%23.26%23.50%24.32%24.72%24.36%23.02%23.54%24.16%23.75%24.15%24.07%

Czech Republic17.03%18.34%18.70%19.19%19.21%18.88%18.81%19.70%19.55%19.80%20.32%

Poland15.55%22.10%26.22%25.58%24.43%23.75%23.88%23.26%21.99%22.18%21.94%

Totale publieke uitgaven

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

Sweden

Germany

Netherlands

United Kingdom

Italy

Czech Republic

Total public expenditures as % of GDP

Sociale uitgaven

Tabel 1Sociale uitgaven als percentage van het BNP 2001

Gross Public Social ExpenditureNet Current Public Social ExpenditureNet Current MandatoryPrivate Social ExpenditureNet Current VoluntaryPrivate Social ExpenditureNet Total Social ExpenditureNet Current Voluntary Private/ Net Total Social Expenditure

Scandinavian

Denmark29.221.80%0.10%0.60%22.50%2.70%

Finland24.80%19.20%0.10%0.70%20.00%3.50%

Sweden29.80%23.70%0.30%1.90%26.00%7.30%

Continental

Germany27.40%25.40%0.80%1.90%27.60%6.90%

France28.50%25.20%0.00%1.80%27.00%6.70%

Netherlands21.40%18.00%0.40%4.10%22.10%18.60%

Belgium24.70%21.20%1.40%0.60%23.20%2.60%

Austria26.00%20.60%0.50%0.70%21.80%3.20%

Anglo-Saxon

Ireland13.80%12.20%0.00%0.40%12.50%3.20%

United Kingdom21.80%19.80%0.40%3.20%23.30%13.70%

Mediterranean

Italy24.40%20.90%1.10%0.10%21.90%0.50%

Spain19.60%16.70%0.00%0.30%17.00%1.80%

New Member States

Czech Republic20.10%18.70%0.00%0.00%18.50%0%

Slovak Republic17.90%16.40%0.02%0.01%16.70%1%

Gross Public Social ExpenditureNet Current PublicSocial ExpenditureNet Current MandatoryPrivate Social ExpenditureNet Current VoluntaryPrivate Social ExpenditureNet Total Social ExpenditureNet Current Voluntary Private/ Net Total Social Expenditure

Austria26.020.60.50.721.83%

Belgium24.721.21.40.623.23%

Czech Republic20.118.70.00.018.50%

Denmark29.221.80.10.622.53%

Finland24.819.20.10.720.04%

France28.525.20.01.827.07%

Germany27.425.40.81.927.67%

Greece::::::

Hungary::::::

Ireland13.812.20.00.412.53%

Italy24.420.91.10.121.90%

Luxembourg::::::

Netherlands21.418.00.44.122.119%

Poland::::::

Portugal::::::

Slovak Republic17.916.40.20.116.71%

Spain19.616.70.00.317.02%

Sweden29.823.70.31.926.07%

United Kingdom21.819.80.43.223.314%

United States14.715.90.48.123.135%

EU 19 (-GR, HU, PL, PT)

Range16.013.21.44.115.1

Mean23.520.00.41.221.4

Stdev4.73.60.41.24.2

(unweighted)

Note: For some countries there is an issue with items recorded as spending on services for elderly and/or the disabled provided by institutions other than hospitals .

also being included under public expenditure on health. Comprehenesive information is not yet available, but initial estimates suggest that for 6 out of 12 countries

there exists overlap of spending data, and that for Denmark relevant spending may exceed 1 percentage point of GDP

In order to avoid double counting, the value of TBSPs towards current private social benefits has been ignored for the calculation of net total social expenditure.

Therefore, the figure reported as net total social expenditure can vary somehat of the sum of the three net expenditure categories.

Uitgaven nr voorzieningen

Tabel 2Publieke sociale uitgaven naar voorzieningen

als percentage van het BNP (2001)

TotalActive labour market policySurvivorsIncapacityHousingFamilyHealthElderlyEducation

Scandinavian

Denmark29.20%1.50%0.00%3.90%1.50%3.80%7.10%8.30%8.50%

Finland24.80%1.00%1.00%3.90%1.00%3.00%5.30%7.90%6.20%

Sweden28.90%1.40%0.60%5.20%1.40%2.90%7.40%9.20%7.30%

Continental

Germany27.40%1.10%0.40%2.30%1.10%1.90%8.00%11.70%4.60%

France28.50%1.30%1.50%2.20%1.30%2.80%7.20%10.60%5.80%

Netherlands21.80%1.50%0.70%4.10%1.50%1.10%5.70%6.40%5.00%

Belgium27.20%1.30%2.70%3.30%1.30%2.30%6.40%8.70%6.10%

Austria26.00%0.50%2.70%2.50%0.50%2.90%5.20%10.70%5.70%

Anglo-Saxon

Ireland13.80%0.70%0.80%1.40%0.70%1.60%4.90%2.70%4.40%

United Kingdom21.80%0.40%0.60%2.50%0.40%2.20%6.10%8.10%4.70%

Mediterranean

Italy24.40%0.50%2.60%2.10%0.50%1.00%6.30%11.30%5.00%

Greece24.30%0.20%0.90%1.80%0.20%1.80%5.20%12.70%3.90%

Portugal21.10%0.60%1.50%2.50%0.60%1.20%6.30%7.90%5.90%

Spain19.60%0.80%0.60%2.40%0.80%0.50%5.40%8.30%4.40%

New Member States

Czech Republic20.09%0.21%0.92%3.01%0.12%1.60%6.67%6.70%4.16%

Hungary20.07%0.47%0.29%2.69%0.48%2.50%5.08%7.98%5.15%

Poland23.03%0.13%2.12%5.54%0.20%0.95%4.37%8.52%5.56%

Slovak Republic17.90%0.37%0.17%2.31%0.07%1.53%4.97%6.74%4.03%

Ouderen

2001198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria10.72::::9.46::::9.569.649.7010.1310.3410.4110.4910.5510.4210.5510.5510.72

Belgium8.666.476.536.676.536.566.636.616.696.517.567.878.108.618.498.538.608.588.728.728.498.66

Czech Republic6.70:::::::::5.566.106.215.745.565.465.656.436.456.726.846.70

Denmark8.318.278.268.138.048.007.797.918.238.498.598.718.688.749.709.589.429.138.768.558.278.31

Finland7.935.425.766.036.907.127.137.366.986.847.138.289.129.108.868.598.858.217.767.917.647.93

France10.647.988.218.398.628.838.808.838.958.499.319.599.8510.2710.2810.7310.9010.8910.7910.7910.6010.64

Germany11.6510.0710.2410.2010.1410.079.9110.039.999.819.9510.0110.1910.5710.6811.1011.3111.3111.3611.4511.4711.65

Greece12.705.647.137.147.638.048.168.548.368.5710.8410.2410.2210.5510.4710.6911.0211.1111.8211.9911.8212.70

Hungary7.98::::::::::::::::::8.087.817.98

Ireland2.674.644.934.994.844.734.774.714.494.214.174.314.324.244.093.723.353.072.882.702.632.67

Italy11.298.068.378.998.869.169.409.329.339.519.659.8310.5210.9010.9210.7410.8411.3111.1611.4111.2411.29

Luxembourg7.497.126.886.776.406.326.146.315.986.066.159.119.239.189.139.439.268.878.327.787.187.49

Netherlands6.367.177.437.407.097.147.377.517.467.357.797.677.707.697.226.996.816.926.826.626.446.36

Poland8.52:::::::::4.276.757.978.178.087.957.818.087.657.758.088.52

Portugal7.883.593.343.793.673.613.824.134.044.004.434.755.125.685.806.356.906.766.857.207.517.88

Slovak Republic6.74::::::::::::::6.226.256.246.346.396.656.74

Spain8.305.155.295.555.735.885.845.775.745.787.377.567.888.308.308.438.628.548.468.338.458.30

Sweden9.218.398.378.528.208.368.478.458.568.598.718.9310.5610.8710.529.8910.079.859.699.539.229.21

United Kingdom8.126.016.286.176.156.006.005.825.465.377.237.778.258.318.168.058.088.097.907.858.228.12

United States5.285.475.795.725.475.365.325.245.235.165.195.405.435.455.385.395.335.295.245.155.185.28

EU-15

Range6.576.456.675.936.256.666.837.387.978.248.949.299.1910.03

Mean6.537.297.898.298.638.888.878.888.978.888.788.768.658.79

Stdev1.801.811.931.761.861.911.962.022.112.202.292.382.372.46

(unweighted)

Survivors

2001198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria2.67::::3.10::::2.902.922.922.962.932.932.922.872.812.782.692.67

Belgium2.653.193.203.263.183.103.052.932.842.722.912.932.923.153.052.932.902.802.772.682.692.65

Czech Republic0.92:::::::::0.930.960.960.910.860.850.880.940.920.930.910.92

Denmark0.010.140.130.120.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.01

Finland0.950.900.940.970.951.001.031.030.980.971.001.161.291.251.201.151.131.080.990.990.940.95

France1.501.992.012.052.052.052.021.971.941.891.751.731.811.861.821.661.661.631.591.561.521.50

Germany0.430.860.850.780.760.730.700.690.650.580.520.480.460.490.490.490.490.480.460.450.430.43

Greece0.861.021.331.411.561.631.581.621.561.740.610.570.560.570.550.520.730.740.790.840.850.86

Hungary0.29::::::::::::::::::0.310.290.29

Ireland0.801.281.391.451.441.421.421.401.341.211.191.231.231.201.161.111.060.970.910.830.800.80

Italy2.601.952.062.182.142.232.252.332.302.342.442.492.642.742.812.582.702.782.612.722.592.60

Luxembourg0.604.013.883.843.623.613.473.523.453.193.110.980.940.890.910.880.840.750.710.680.590.60

Netherlands0.681.131.131.111.050.990.960.960.990.961.171.171.191.171.111.011.040.960.790.770.710.68

Poland2.12:::::::::1.131.561.962.022.021.952.042.051.972.022.002.12

Portugal1.480.800.800.900.870.880.870.900.880.860.961.081.151.251.271.311.391.411.391.421.441.48

Slovak Republic0.17::::::::::::::0.360.360.360.370.380.180.17

Spain0.571.811.831.851.841.861.821.791.781.830.880.890.920.920.940.930.920.890.680.630.640.57

Sweden0.620.660.660.680.630.660.660.650.660.660.670.700.760.770.770.740.750.700.660.650.630.62

United Kingdom0.591.831.701.711.661.591.571.461.351.250.640.700.700.700.700.690.690.680.630.620.650.59

United States0.841.081.111.081.010.990.980.950.940.920.930.960.970.980.960.960.940.920.890.850.830.84

EU-15

Incapacity

2001198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria2.54::::2.15::::2.132.172.202.302.462.482.542.532.582.622.632.54

Belgium3.263.883.813.893.793.803.663.423.032.953.193.283.423.783.683.423.433.373.313.363.183.26

Czech Republic3.01:::::::::2.522.362.382.352.572.662.792.822.692.733.043.01

Denmark3.873.903.773.423.233.323.443.423.723.483.343.333.323.543.593.723.723.633.793.783.663.87

Finland3.863.373.463.833.973.954.014.063.993.984.285.005.505.615.415.104.964.594.214.153.863.86

France2.152.862.962.912.872.852.822.762.712.602.532.532.542.592.552.122.152.132.102.092.092.15

Germany2.302.092.051.951.921.871.811.821.801.741.751.841.962.072.122.212.362.392.382.332.292.30

Greece1.791.331.691.861.872.031.992.021.951.992.332.061.901.871.771.681.641.641.731.751.761.79

Hungary2.69::::::::::::::::::2.682.592.69

Ireland1.412.442.622.612.572.662.702.562.282.061.952.012.021.961.872.121.811.631.551.451.421.41

Italy2.122.252.132.272.122.182.242.262.222.292.672.532.582.642.602.422.422.322.212.222.172.12

Luxembourg3.574.734.564.574.424.454.194.184.003.753.633.493.483.443.443.583.643.493.233.663.273.57

Netherlands4.127.037.086.756.556.116.016.126.125.946.886.796.766.596.015.304.724.494.324.284.154.12

Poland5.54:::::::::3.524.935.876.106.055.965.885.965.995.865.475.54

Portugal2.482.282.372.382.392.232.212.322.362.322.542.662.742.812.802.482.532.542.502.442.522.48

Slovak Republic2.31::::::::::::::2.342.482.542.732.632.412.31

Spain2.372.562.622.622.572.532.472.442.502.612.332.492.632.682.622.562.592.432.422.352.382.37

Sweden5.174.894.754.604.464.644.805.005.705.725.645.384.775.355.165.074.724.504.674.714.855.17

United Kingdom2.501.081.151.401.471.491.641.671.681.712.092.262.472.742.722.842.762.762.662.502.492.50

United States1.141.121.091.061.010.990.990.990.980.981.011.081.161.191.201.181.171.111.101.081.101.14

Health

2001198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria5.24::::5.02::::5.225.255.535.885.895.795.815.315.365.425.385.24

Belgium6.435.606.115.995.905.865.836.206.656.586.626.907.067.176.986.036.365.996.046.166.216.43

Czech Republic6.67:::::::::4.865.075.176.796.866.766.536.486.516.496.536.67

Denmark7.068.188.177.837.447.437.037.287.437.267.037.007.037.247.026.776.826.766.877.006.887.06

Finland5.295.225.355.385.365.645.805.905.725.816.357.267.246.335.835.675.795.545.275.215.035.29

France7.196.116.166.216.436.416.396.396.286.436.566.706.927.227.127.267.247.137.057.067.067.19

Germany8.027.076.946.816.887.006.916.947.066.516.477.117.657.607.798.118.358.067.947.967.948.02

Greece5.244.995.285.535.335.104.874.443.594.083.973.864.314.814.855.015.074.994.885.155.305.24

Hungary5.08::::::::::6.376.756.737.206.285.875.655.475.325.045.08

Ireland4.896.566.286.175.845.755.625.234.834.554.404.785.045.115.034.864.714.804.744.564.664.89

Italy6.335.395.485.565.375.435.305.735.985.936.356.626.476.235.865.335.395.585.555.645.996.33

Luxembourg4.765.755.605.275.155.275.165.885.635.485.705.465.725.805.585.885.955.485.365.344.814.76

Netherlands5.665.365.565.495.325.225.095.205.125.345.385.656.126.306.135.985.525.535.535.505.485.66

Poland4.37:::::::::4.644.774.864.504.174.194.514.234.024.244.034.37

Portugal6.333.813.312.912.893.303.513.343.613.294.054.254.164.604.645.125.505.565.655.896.176.33

Slovak Republic4.97::::::::::::::5.775.585.355.235.174.944.97

Spain5.364.384.534.934.594.444.344.394.844.935.255.335.595.785.615.495.515.425.405.415.345.36

Sweden7.438.478.558.448.257.837.577.577.457.497.547.217.277.527.147.077.297.067.157.247.147.43

United Kingdom6.125.164.975.175.054.954.904.914.844.844.975.325.775.825.805.755.725.415.455.695.826.12

United States6.203.834.024.124.054.064.194.314.354.514.775.235.585.785.996.096.095.985.855.825.886.20

Family

2001198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria2.92::::2.77::::2.672.672.923.123.463.203.102.932.762.882.982.92

Belgium2.313.143.092.872.732.662.642.512.402.272.312.302.312.412.292.332.342.452.372.292.262.31

Czech Republic1.60:::::::::2.642.892.812.342.292.141.981.941.771.781.771.60

Denmark3.792.942.912.732.682.662.623.003.313.283.313.393.483.663.933.883.803.733.823.793.723.79

Finland3.011.962.272.452.402.582.642.732.722.883.243.834.164.024.454.083.803.563.363.323.073.01

France2.812.822.892.872.822.752.652.582.552.392.762.722.752.932.943.113.003.142.992.962.842.81

Germany1.912.372.141.961.841.761.781.821.771.731.682.012.082.102.001.971.881.931.911.941.941.91

Greece1.830.480.420.370.300.360.340.290.240.201.621.681.651.671.941.901.911.851.911.851.891.83

Hungary2.50:::::::::::::::::::2.672.712.50

Ireland1.631.181.481.511.461.441.591.611.511.401.631.721.761.741.831.821.921.861.731.641.621.63

Italy0.981.311.161.111.030.930.810.760.760.861.040.870.840.800.760.770.840.860.880.900.920.98

Luxembourg3.442.051.921.901.811.761.831.841.801.972.082.272.342.722.923.003.022.853.023.283.233.44

Netherlands1.142.482.462.372.282.162.011.691.661.701.671.601.521.501.461.341.261.291.161.141.171.14

Poland0.95:::::::::1.772.372.301.911.531.110.990.930.900.900.900.95

Portugal1.150.900.870.870.830.760.840.830.790.740.920.990.981.040.991.000.970.970.970.991.081.15

Slovak Republic1.53::::::::::::::2.532.342.162.161.911.691.53

Spain0.500.410.400.350.310.270.220.190.170.160.330.310.410.430.420.420.500.480.500.500.500.50

Sweden2.924.113.904.063.944.174.174.234.254.114.504.864.934.394.183.743.433.182.872.972.812.92

United Kingdom2.232.422.422.372.352.302.212.112.102.051.942.092.282.352.342.362.362.262.242.072.192.23

United States0.380.730.660.680.640.630.450.450.450.450.470.600.610.620.610.620.570.580.440.400.380.38

ALMP

2001198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria0.52::::0.27::::0.300.340.290.320.350.360.390.450.440.520.500.52

Belgium1.26::::1.311.401.341.321.271.211.181.201.231.331.371.461.221.381.301.311.26

Czech Republic0.21::::::::::0.170.280.160.150.140.120.110.130.180.210.21

Denmark1.520.590.761.051.020.851.111.081.061.131.091.271.431.741.741.881.781.661.681.791.581.52

Finland0.950.960.971.000.960.910.920.941.070.970.991.361.771.691.641.541.691.541.391.231.000.95

France1.29::::0.660.740.800.800.730.810.921.041.251.271.291.341.351.311.381.311.29

Germany1.11::::0.700.961.071.131.071.091.401.861.471.241.261.301.131.181.241.161.11

Greece0.18::::0.170.210.210.240.380.360.400.360.300.300.320.350.290.220.210.190.18

Hungary0.47:::::::::::0.600.650.610.420.370.440.390.400.390.47

Ireland0.70::::1.461.521.481.461.361.381.251.351.421.561.631.601.351.130.940.790.70

Italy0.47:::::::::0.240.220.170.140.170.180.360.420.550.530.500.47

Luxembourg0.120.850.811.260.730.500.440.420.380.280.290.230.210.180.180.190.260.270.310.150.290.12

Netherlands1.540.600.660.730.681.011.061.101.111.101.091.151.291.331.221.111.171.291.401.471.471.54

Poland0.13:::::::::0.00.00.360.560.470.400.480.470.440.350.230.13

Portugal0.59:::::0.340.370.440.470.600.690.830.830.670.780.840.700.740.780.580.59

Slovak Republic0.37::::::::::::::0.760.760.620.400.210.320.37

Spain0.830.290.270.250.270.330.630.650.770.860.830.690.670.500.470.510.460.510.680.810.930.83

Sweden1.361.391.621.641.212.122.001.881.781.551.672.322.872.852.892.232.181.961.891.751.311.36

United Kingdom0.350.600.580.690.710.730.860.860.740.650.590.540.560.550.520.440.400.370.330.350.360.35

United States0.150.140.110.120.120.120.270.250.240.230.220.230.220.210.210.200.190.170.180.170.150.15

Unemployment

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria:::::0.83::::0.850.961.021.391.411.051.030.920.910.850.740.75

Belgium2.493.183.363.703.533.363.253.172.912.662.592.682.822.992.842.732.752.642.462.322.182.25

Czech Republic:::::::::::0.220.170.140.160.130.130.200.230.300.290.24

Denmark4.864.955.175.314.904.343.803.804.064.364.264.574.815.334.934.424.153.833.413.153.042.95

Finland0.660.710.870.930.891.301.521.541.381.131.112.153.744.814.513.853.573.102.532.322.111.99

France:::::2.372.262.182.041.861.841.911.982.071.931.771.791.841.801.751.641.63

Germany0.500.831.091.201.030.970.900.930.910.810.711.411.491.941.811.521.561.491.341.261.211.25

Greece0.250.290.310.320.320.350.410.380.340.420.430.530.480.420.440.450.450.470.460.440.400.38

Hungary::::::::::::2.192.111.210.900.750.630.620.570.470.38

Ireland:::::3.393.403.252.952.652.582.753.183.192.982.712.421.911.511.100.790.70

Italy0.600.861.131.291.391.331.251.071.020.940.850.911.081.221.210.980.970.860.760.680.620.61

Luxembourg0.470.570.620.810.890.920.810.880.820.630.590.600.580.650.560.580.630.600.490.440.430.52

Netherlands1.702.423.333.933.853.443.213.192.922.692.522.522.622.913.022.892.842.471.941.581.321.28

Poland::::::::::0.001.322.391.801.681.721.641.060.530.620.810.97

Portugal0.300.290.270.180.260.300.340.310.250.230.350.440.580.891.050.910.880.830.800.810.900.91

Slovak Republic:::::::::::::::0.430.620.710.851.050.840.54

Spain2.012.402.122.232.212.792.502.442.352.142.322.642.953.312.992.292.011.781.541.401.341.32

Sweden0.370.540.710.950.910.880.880.810.680.640.881.572.552.662.452.152.092.031.861.621.330.96

United Kingdom1.071.471.751.811.821.791.671.320.860.620.661.021.261.181.020.900.740.560.430.390.310.27

United States0.690.670.710.880.450.400.550.510.460.400.430.480.660.590.430.350.340.260.250.260.240.31

Housing

2001198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Austria0.10::::0.18::::0.120.110.090.090.090.090.090.100.100.110.100.10

Belgium::::::::::::::::::::::

Czech Republic0.12:::::::::::::0.000.000.040.060.100.130.140.12

Denmark0.660.410.410.450.460.470.470.520.560.600.660.710.750.810.780.770.740.720.730.710.670.66

Finland0.300.210.220.210.190.180.160.140.150.170.180.260.380.380.470.460.390.340.380.410.360.30

France0.870.470.640.660.680.700.720.730.730.730.740.760.790.870.900.930.930.930.920.910.870.87

Germany0.190.150.160.150.130.130.160.170.160.150.140.150.190.190.160.160.170.180.180.180.200.19

Greece0.740.060.060.240.200.220.170.200.140.130.510.500.470.620.640.560.610.740.720.850.800.74

Hungary0.48::::::::::::::::::0.620.560.48

Ireland0.480.720.740.850.840.930.900.870.870.690.620.620.610.600.620.600.580.550.520.480.450.48

Italy0.010.000.000.000.000.010.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01

Luxembourg0.120.020.020.020.020.030.020.030.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.060.060.050.060.12

Netherlands0.370.280.360.440.330.310.310.380.390.380.330.340.330.320.300.310.400.420.430.420.380.37

Poland0.20:::::::::0.050.090.17:0.020.070.130.130.160.180.170.20

Portugal0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Slovak Republic0.07::::::::::::::0.000.000.000.000.000.060.07

Spain0.18::0.010.010.020.030.070.110.130.110.100.080.100.090.230.270.250.250.230.170.18

Sweden0.640.910.910.850.800.660.690.670.700.640.660.840.931.171.211.121.020.840.780.720.640.64

United Kingdom1.450.210.360.810.881.311.311.251.091.121.281.231.571.741.801.821.821.691.591.531.461.45

United States::::::::::::::::::::::

Public expenditure on education as % of GDP

199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

Scandinavian

Denmark----7.678.097.948.328.148.398.58.51

Finland7.247.276.856.716.8576.526.296.316.126.246.39

Sweden6.947.757.387.127.227.377.627.717.477.397.317.66

Norway7.857.977.917.787.446.937.557.567.156.8277.63

Continental

Germany----4.62-4.63-4.584.534.574.78

France5.435.696.056.026.046.016.035.955.935.835.765.81

Netherlands5.125.375.195.085.064.994.754.84.774.874.995.08

Belgium----------6.116.26

Austria----6.045.95.85.775.85.665.75.67

Anglo-Saxon

Ireland5.45.635.865.95.075.335.154.874.574.364.354.32

United Kingdom5.155.325.415.395.245.064.884.794.584.584.695.25

Mediterrean

Italy5.365.375.415.034.854.854.534.74.794.574.984.75

Greece--2.663.042.873.073.443.473.643.793.93.96

Portugal----5.375.545.65.625.745.745.915.83

Spain-4.774.894.714.664.684.544.494.54.424.414.44

New Member States

Czech Republic----4.624.684.433.934.054.044.164.41

Hungary-6.466.286.135.374.484.614.564.664.545.155.51

Poland----5.144.734.845.094.885.015.565.6

Slovak Republic-5.984.723.94.984.54.84.514.44.

Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) Prof. Dr. A.C. Hemerijck director

Documents

Transcript of Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) Prof. Dr. A.C. Hemerijck director