Natural Disaster MitigationNatural Disaster Mitigation

Guo HuadongGuo HuadongCEODE, CAS CEODE, CAS

hdguo@ceode.ac.cnhdguo@ceode.ac.cn

June 18, 2010 Shanghai ChinaJune 18, 2010 Shanghai China

Scientific Approach toScientific Approach to

OutlineOutline

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

2. Approach to Major Natural Disasters2. Approach to Major Natural Disasters

3. CEODE3. CEODE’’s Involvement in Natural Disaster s Involvement in Natural Disaster ReductionReduction

4. Further Perspectives4. Further Perspectives

EarthquakeEarthquake Tropical Storms and CyclonesTropical Storms and Cyclones

Other DisastersOther DisastersExtratropicalExtratropical Storms/Winter StormsStorms/Winter Storms

Tsunami and Storm SurgeTsunami and Storm Surge VolcanoesVolcanoes Storm TracksStorm Tracks

1. Introduction1. Introduction

Major Natural DisastersMajor Natural Disasters

Floods

Typhoons

GalesEarthquakes

Dust storms FiresDroughts

Landslides

Ice & Snow

Storm Surges

insect pests

Tornados

(9)(9) Great Drought in Southwest China, in the Spring 2010>￥35 bilion loss , 220 million affected

(10)(10) Yushu

Earthquake March. 12,2010

2698 died, 246,842 affected

(8)(8) Chile Earthquake Feb. 27,2010>400 died, 2 million affected

(6) (6) WenchuanWenchuan Earthquake Earthquake in May 12, 2008in May 12, 2008

(7) Haiti(7) Haiti Earthquake Earthquake in May 12, 2010in May 12, 2010about 300,000 died

(1) Tsunami in the Indian Ocean(1) Tsunami in the Indian Ocean

Latest Major Natural DisastersLatest Major Natural Disasters

on 26 December, 2004on 26 December, 2004Total fatalities: near 300,000

(2) Disaster of Hurricane Katrina(2) Disaster of Hurricane KatrinaEconomic loss: $US 100－200 billion

(3) Huge earthquake in South Asia 3) Huge earthquake in South Asia in Oct. 2007 caused:in Oct. 2007 caused:a death toll of 76,000, 4.0 million people homeless

(4) Blizzard in South China in Feb, 2008(4) Blizzard in South China in Feb, 2008Economic losses: 150 Billion RMB

(5) Hurricane (5) Hurricane NargisNargis in Myanmarin Myanmarin May,2008in May,2008 Over 130,000 people killed

Death toll: 69197, Injured: 374176, Missing: 18222,Homeless: 4.8 million; The direct loss: 845.1 billion RMB

Natural Disasters in ChinaNatural Disasters in China

Natural disaster has become a key restricting factor Natural disaster has become a key restricting factor for economic and social development.for economic and social development.

66 of the world's top of the world's top 1010 deadliest natural disastersdeadliest natural disasters

Most severest: flood, drought, typhoon, earthquakeMost severest: flood, drought, typhoon, earthquake

Affecting more than Affecting more than 200 million people200 million people every yearevery year

Sensitive to almost all types of natural disastersSensitive to almost all types of natural disasters

Economic losses: taking Economic losses: taking 33--5% 5% of the annual GDPof the annual GDP.

From 1950 to 2008, the great natural disasters have resulted in:•• A death toll of up to 2 millionA death toll of up to 2 million•• Economic losses up to US$ 1950 billionEconomic losses up to US$ 1950 billion

Global Natural DisasterGlobal Natural Disaster

(Source :Munich Re Group, 2008)

2. Approach to Major Natural Disasters2. Approach to Major Natural Disasters

Earthquake &Tsunami DisastersEarthquake &Tsunami Disasters

Distribution of worldwide earthquake belts

Distribution of historical tsunami disasters

(by U.S. NGDC)

Progresses:Progresses:Earthquake Monitoring networkEarthquake Monitoring networkTsunami Monitoring & earlyTsunami Monitoring & early--warning networkwarning networkGlobally efficient disaster data sharingGlobally efficient disaster data sharingEarthquake tectonic dynamicsEarthquake tectonic dynamicsLong term Prediction of earthquakesLong term Prediction of earthquakesDisaster assessment and zoningDisaster assessment and zoning

Problem:Problem:The mechanisms of earthquakesThe mechanisms of earthquakesThe tsunami mechanismsThe tsunami mechanismsThe mediumThe medium--term and shortterm and short--term predictionsterm predictionsThe monitoring and detecting technologiesThe monitoring and detecting technologies

Focusing on:Experimental Field Construction for Earthquake PredictionPresent Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Mechanism on a Global ScaleEarthquake-induced Tsunamis and WarningsEarthquake and Tsunami Disaster PreventionEmergency Management and Rescue

Scientific issues of Scientific issues of Earthquake & Tsunami DisastersEarthquake & Tsunami Disasters

Distribution Proportion of Tropical Cyclones (1968-2003)

Tropical Cyclone Tropical Cyclone & &

Storm Surge DisastersStorm Surge Disasters

Tropical cyclones in the Northern hemisphere are more active Tropical cyclones in the Northern hemisphere are more active than in the Southern hemisphere, about 65% of the global total.than in the Southern hemisphere, about 65% of the global total.

Economic Loss Caused by TC or Hurricane Every Decade (1950-2005)

Economic Loss Caused by Typhoon or Hurricane Each Year in the World (1950-2005)

With the development of global economy, disasters related to tropical cyclones and storm surges are influencing the economy and society more and more. Their impact has crossed borders and become a common global concern. This is especially felt in developing countries.

Tropical Cyclone Tropical Cyclone & &

Storm Surge DisastersStorm Surge Disasters

TC and Storm Surge TC and Storm Surge Disasters Mitigation MeasuresDisasters Mitigation Measures

Radar image of Hurricane Katrina making landfall in Louisiana

Focusing on: Prediction, monitoring, prePrediction, monitoring, pre--warning, warning, assessment on Hurricane (track, intensity, assessment on Hurricane (track, intensity, impact) & impact) & Enhancements to disaster Enhancements to disaster observation systems:observation systems:

Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004

DropsondeDropsondeAirborne Doppler radarAirborne Doppler radarEO technology EO technology (satellites, ground(satellites, ground--based radarsbased radars……..)..)Numerical Weather PredictionNumerical Weather Prediction

Flood and DroughtFlood and Drought

Global Total Fatalities of All the Natural Disaster from 1986 to 2006

Europe

7.5%

Africa

11.7%

Oceania

0.3 %

Americas

9.4%

Asia

71.1%

Data source: EMDAT

Asia

83.7%

Oceania

0.5%

Europe

0.7%Americas

12.4%

Africa

2.7%

Global Total Fatalities of Flood-related Disaster from 1986 to 2006

Flood-related disaster:

Flood, Slides, Windstorm and Wave/surge

Data source:

EMDAT

By Flood-Related Disasters (Right)

By All Natural Disasters (Left)

Among the Affected People:Half by Flood,1/3 by DroughtHalf by Flood,1/3 by Drought

People in Developing Countries Suffer More Fatalities, especialPeople in Developing Countries Suffer More Fatalities, especially in Asialy in Asia

Scientific IssuesReconsideration of Relationships Between Man and Nature Water adjustment and water-related Risk Management:

-

Between Man and Nature -

Among Peoples of Different Regions

Non-Engineering Measures (Integrated Risk Assessment, Disaster Prediction and Monitoring Methods, etc.)Emergency Response System Construction

Flood and DroughtFlood and Drought

◆◆Modern S&T application in Disaster mitigationModern S&T application in Disaster mitigationWeather watch web, seismic measurement network,Weather watch web, seismic measurement network,marine observation systems, Tsunami monitoring systemsmarine observation systems, Tsunami monitoring systems…………

◆◆

International activities International activities UN IDNDR(1990UN IDNDR(1990--2000)2000)

ISDR(2000ISDR(2000—— ))◆◆International cooperationInternational cooperation agreements & mechanismsagreements & mechanisms

UNUN--SPIDER, CHARTER, CEOS, GEOSS, WMOSPIDER, CHARTER, CEOS, GEOSS, WMO …………UNUN--International Center for Drought Risk ReductionInternational Center for Drought Risk Reduction(ICDRR) (April,2007,Beijing)(ICDRR) (April,2007,Beijing)

Global efforts Global efforts in disaster mitigationin disaster mitigation

Global Telecommunication System

Global Observation System Coordinated Satellite Activities

Global Data Processing and Forecasting

Global Earth Observation Systems & Global Earth Observation Systems & Telecommunication NetworksTelecommunication Networks

Intensity

Frequency

Heat waves

Heavy rainfall / Flood

Tropical Cyclones

Coastal Marine Hazards

Strong Wind

Hazard

Need forPrevention and Mitigation

Exposure is increasing !

Water ResourceWater ResourceManagementManagement

HealthHealth IndustryIndustry

Food Food securitysecurity

EnergyEnergy

Urban areasUrban areas

TransportTransport

Increasing Risks under Increasing Risks under a Changing Climatea Changing Climate

3. 3. CEODECEODE’’ss Involvement in Involvement in Natural Disaster ReductionNatural Disaster Reduction

CEODE

Division of Operation of

Airborne Remote Sensing

Satellite Remote Sensing Center

Division of Operation of

Satellite Ground Systems

Ground System Engineering

Division

Satellite Data Pre-

processing Division

The Miyun

Ground Station

The Sanya

Ground Station

Division of the Airplane

Engineering

Division of Optical System

Engineering

Division of Data Preprocessing

Division of Micro-

wave System Engineering

Division of Digital Earth System

Division of Digital Land

Division of Microwave Earth

Observation

Division of Digital Ocean and

Atmosphere

Division of Optical Earth Observation

Section for Data Management

Section for Data Technology

Section for Customer Service

Spatial Data Center

Lab. of Digital Earth Sciences

Airborne Remote Sensing Center

Section for Value Added Products

Academic Consultancy

International Platform

Collaborative Research Unit

CAS-NRCANCapacity Building

Center

Joint Centre for Spatial Information

CEODE-CRCSI

Joint Laboratory for Remote Sensing

and Archeology

Joint Lab. for Environmental RS

and Data Assimilation

ABCC Program Office

Secretariat of International Society

for Digital Earth

Strategic Development Committee

Academic Committee

Committee of Engineering and

Technology

Degree Evaluation Committee

Committee of Customer Service

The Kashi

Ground Station

International Experts

Committee

IRDR International Program Office

Editorial Office of International Society

of Digital Earth

Division of Digital Heritage

National LargeNational Large--Scale FacilitiesScale FacilitiesRemote Sensing Satellite Ground StationRemote Sensing Satellite Ground Station

Miyun, Kashi and Sanya Ground Stations cover 70% of Asia

Receiving and processing data from 12 satellites:

One of the largest ground station in the world receiving, processing and distributing international satellite data; 15TB satellite data being archived annually;

Over 2.30 million scenes of satellite data have been preserved in CEODE since 1986, providing a precious database for the Earth Observation in China.

Earth Observation CapabilitiesEarth Observation Capabilities

Receiving and D

istribution Satellite Data by

CE

OD

E

Foreign Satellite

Optical Satellite

LANDSAT-5

IRS-P6

SPOT-2

SPOT-4

SPOT-5

Radar Satellite

ENVISAT

ERS-2

RADARSAT-1

RADARSAT-2

Civil

Satellite

Optical

Satellite

CBERS-02B

HJ-1A

HJ-1B

Optical Satellite 

Configuration

SAR Satellite 

Configuration

Disaster, Environment Monitoring and Disaster, Environment Monitoring and 

Forecast Small Satellite Constellation in orbitForecast Small Satellite Constellation in orbit

Two optical satellites were 

launched on Sept. 6, 2008

CEODE receives HJ-1A,HJ-1B(optical sat.) and HJ-1C(SAR) data

CEODE— A National Satellite Data Centre

CEODECEODE—Airborne Remote Sensing Center

Airborne 

Remote 

Sensing 

Centre 

operates 

two 

Cessna 

Citation 

S/II 

Airplanes 

and 

will 

have 

two 

new 

advanced 

Airplanes 

ARJ 

21‐700ER 

with 

10 

new 

sensors.

Citation  S/II ARJ 21‐700ER

Airborne Remote 

Sensing System

序号 Sensors1 Airborne Pushbroom Digital camera2 Airborne Large Frame Digital camera3 Multiple Mode Digital camera4 Wide Band Imaging Spectrometer

5 Airborne Whiskbroom imaging spectrometer

6 Airborne 3-D light detection and ranging

7 High resolution Polarization InSAR

8 Multi-Band and Multi Polarization SAR

9 Full Polarized Microwave Radiometer/Scatterometer

10 Airborne atmospheric laser SAR

Best Practice of Wenchuan Earthquake rush response

Assessment ofAssessment ofCollapsed Buildings and HousesCollapsed Buildings and Houses

Earthquake Impact Earthquake Impact on Pandaon Panda’’s Habitats Habitat

BeichuanBeichuan County Town County Town After the EarthquakeAfter the Earthquake

BeichuanBeichuan County TownCounty TownBefore the EarthquakeBefore the Earthquake

Barrier LakesBarrier Lakes

Road damage assessment Road damage assessment and and SoSSoS locationlocation

Data acquiringData acquiring

IAPIAP--NDMNDM

Emergency AssessmentEmergency Assessment

National and international Cooperation MechanismNational and international Cooperation Mechanism

Emergency response systemEmergency response system

Emergency Response System

Grade I

of emergency drought relief was  stared by the national headquarters on  inspection of flood control and drought  relief, right after severe DROUGHT

happened in Feb. 2009. 

CEODE set up the Emergency-Group for Remote Sensing Monitoring of drought relief immediately.

The drought distribution in Henan Province in late January, 2009 CEODE

Drought distribution chart in Henan Province made by the group in Late Jan, 2009

Drought Assessment

Assessment ofIce & Snow Disaster in South China, 2008

Snow Disaster in HunanJan. 29,2008

Comparison analysis of Collapsed Houses in Anhui

2008.1.3

2008.2.9

Airborne SAR Monitoring for Railway and highway

Binzhou Railway Station

Jingzhu

Air Pollution Monitoring (OMI Data)

NO2NO2SO2SO2

EO Monitoring and Assessmentfor Yushu Earthquake (April 2010)

BushfireBushfire, , AustraliaAustralia

The optical image of 

Murmungee

fire scene on

Feb. 

8, 2009

The optical image of 

Murmungee

fire scene on

Feb. 

11, 2009The analysis chart of Murmungee

fire scene from Feb. 8 to Feb. 11

The dark red map spot means fire area on Feb. 8, the purple map spot means new fire area from Feb. 8 to Feb. 11, and the yellow map spot means unfired area like isolated island.

Program Program -- Response to Natural Disaster MitigationResponse to Natural Disaster Mitigation

••Studying the upStudying the up--toto--date S&T in NDMdate S&T in NDM••Probing the scientific and practical approach of NDMProbing the scientific and practical approach of NDM••Highlighting the significant science viewpoints andHighlighting the significant science viewpoints and recommendations for NDMrecommendations for NDM

As proposed by IAP in Feb., 2005As proposed by IAP in Feb., 2005，，IAP initiative on IAP initiative on ““Natural Natural Disaster MitigationDisaster Mitigation”” was launched was launched as as IAPIAP’’ss response to the tsunami response to the tsunami and, more generally, to natural disaster mitigationand, more generally, to natural disaster mitigation．．

IAP NDM LaunchIAP NDM Launch

TTargetsargets

Scientific Outputs Scientific Outputs ofof

Executive Executive SummarySummary

Main ReportMain Report StateStatemementnt WebsiteWebsite

Foreword byForeword byProf. Chen Zhu Prof. Chen Zhu Prof. Howard Prof. Howard AlperAlper

IAP Initiative of Natural Disaster MitigationIAP Initiative of Natural Disaster Mitigation

IRDR IPO,ICSUIRDR IPO,ICSU

CEODE Hosts IPO of IRDR,ICSUCEODE Hosts IPO of IRDR,ICSU

4. Further Perspectives 4. Further Perspectives

–

The basic research and multi-disciplinary study on the mechanisms of natural disasters and methodologies of disaster mitigation

need

to be strengthened on the basis of understanding disaster phenomena against the background of global environmental change and earth system science.

–

The communication and cooperation should be promoted among relevant organizations including the International Council for Science (ICSU), The World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO), The Global Earth Observation (GEO) and International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) for information exchange on effective policies and best practices of disaster mitigation.

−Governments and Non-Government-Organizations should work towards bilateral or multilateral sound policy agreements on disaster information collection and sharing to strengthen cooperation in disaster management

−CAS and CEODE are happy to host IPO of IRDR, ICSU, and would like to cooperate with EU and other potential countries and organizations in natural disaster reduction.

4. Further Perspectives4. Further Perspectives

Thank You !Thank You !