Science with the Herschel far-infrared & submillimeter space telescope
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Transcript of Science with the Herschel far-infrared & submillimeter space telescope
Science with the Herschel far-infrared & submillimeter
space telescope
Reinhard GenzelMax-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Garching (FRG)
Evolution of the Universe
Big Bang
recombination300,000 yrs
first stars, galaxies & black holes 0.5-1 Gyr
current Universe & solarsystem 13.7 Gyrs
Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state
dust and gas in the Orion nebula star forming region
The cool, dusty Universe
far-infrared and
submillimeter band
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observed wavelength (m)
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rest wavelength (m)
conversion of UV-radiation into far-infrared emission at the interface of a dense cloud
The cool, dusty Universe
correlation between dustiness and luminosityin local-Universe infrared-luminous galaxies
The cool, dusty Universe
•high resolution imaging and deep photometry of thermal dust emission• detection and investigation of the coolest and most dust enshrouded objects• detection and imaging of key cooling lines of interstellar gas of a wide range of physical properties• high resolution spectroscopy of molecular absorption and emission lines for a quantitative analysis of physical and chemical properties
throughout the far-infrared and submillimeter bandHerschel will carry out
the cosmic interstellar-stellar cycle
W5 star forming regionHerschel will investigate all stages of the interstellar-stellar cycle in a wide range of astrophysical environments
how does interstellar gas coolto be able to form stars ?
predicted submillimeter spectrum of water in a dense protostellar clump
Herschel will carry out detailed spectroscopic surveys for a quantitative understanding of the abundances of water and other key molecules in the solar system, the Galaxy and nearby galaxies
comets as sources of water vapor in the solar system
gas in other worlds
the merging galaxy pair NGC3690-IC694
ISO-LWS spectroscopy of the merger Arp 220
Herschel will be able to explore, for the first time, the properties of the interstellar media in distant galaxies
how do stars form ?
protostellar clumpsin -Oph
emerging young star cluster in Serpens
protostellarjet in HH 47
edge-on protostellar disk in Orion
Herschel will carry out large surveys for a full census of star formation and early evolution in the Milky Way
debris dust disk around Formalhaut
how do stars form ?
spectral characteristics of different stages of star formation
Herschel will investigate the time evolution of
protostars from the initial completely dust-
enshrouded stage to the final young stellar &
planetary system
how do stars form ?
Herschel will apply‘chemical fingerprinting’as a new tool for studyingthe evolution of star formingclouds and protostellar disks
how do stars form ?
Herschel will explore how the stellar initial mass function is formed from dense gas clumps in dust
enshrouded stellar nurseries
CO clouds
clump mass function in the Pipe Nebula
star formation in galaxies
massive star formingregion in the MilkyWay & local Universe:104 M clusters with ~100 O stars
merging galaxy pair in local Universe: 106
M clusters with 104 O-stars
Herschel will study dusty starbursts from the local Universe to the most spectacular first events in the
young Universe
gas rich young galaxy 3Gyrs after the Big Bang: 109 M clusters with 107 O-stars
re-cycling of gas & dust
ejection of gas in the Crab Nebula supernova remnant
CO shell in the outflow from the carbon giant star TT-Cyg
Herschel will study the evolution and chemical properties of dusty mass loss episodes in the late stages of stellar evolution
what drives star and galaxy formation in the early Universe ?
major merger
rapid ‘cold’ flow from halo
a census of dusty AGN and star
forming galaxies at high redshift
1.4°x1.4° XMM COSMOS field
Simulated deep PACS sub-field survey
Herschel will carry out a wide range of deep imaging surveys to explore the extinction-free evolution of star formation in the young Universe
a census of dusty AGN and star forming galaxies at
high redshift
Quasar-density
cosmic star formation density
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time after the Big Bang (billions of years)
acti
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a 3 billion solar mass black hole800 million years after the Big Bang!
Herschel will explore the assembly and co-evolution of massive galaxies & black holes
what is the cosmic IR-background made out of ?
Herschel will for the first time resolve the majority of the cosmic far-infrared background
COBCIB
evolution of the Universe
Big Bang
recombination300,000 yrs
first stars, galaxies & black holes 0.5-1 Gyr
current Universe & solarsystem 13.7 Gyrs
Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state