Science – Visual Study Guide

Chapter 4 – Lessons 1-4

Mr. Rowe & Ms. Hallock

VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES

Vertebrate

An animal with a backbone

Invertebrate

Does NOT have a backbone

Vertebrates – 5 Groups Mammals

Hair on most of its body Females feed milk to their young

Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Fish Covered with scales Breathe with gills

Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Reptiles Has dry scales or tough plates Slithers across ground or crawls on short legs

Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Amphibians Moist skin without scales, hair, or feathers Breathes with lungs as an adult, gills when young Lives in water AND on land

Vertebrates – 5 Groups Birds

Covered with feathers Has wings, scaly legs and a beak Females lay eggs Some fly – not ALL!

Invertebrates

Here are some examples: be able to name at least 3 animals without backbones

Invertebrates Arthropods are the biggest group! They include:

Insects Arachnids (spiders) Crustaceans (crabs & shrimp) Centipedes & Millipedes

There are more INVERTEBRATES in the world – about 95% of all animals do NOT have backbones!

SYMMETRY

MOST animals have SYMMETRY!

That means that the parts of their bodies match up with other parts around a midpoint or a line.

Examples:

ENDOSKELETON AND EXOSKELETON

EXOSKELETON

Shell on the OUTSIDE of an animal’s body Protects them from getting SQUISHED! Keeps them from drying out Think: Knight in shining armor!

ENDOSKELETON Think ENDO = INDOOR Skeleton (bones) on the INSIDE of their

bodies Helps them stand up and walk

WARM AND COLD BLOODED ANIMALS

WARM BLOODED Some animals are warm-blooded

Mammals Birds

That means their body temperature stays the same all the time.

They get energy from food they eat.

COLD BLOODED

Some animals are cold blooded Fish Reptiles Amphibians

This means they need the SUN to keep them warm.

They are whatever temperature they are in their environment.

WHAT ALL ANIMALS MUST DO…

In order to be called an animal, an organism must do 6 things:

Be made up of many CELLS

In order to be called an animal, an organism must:

MOVE on their own

In order to be called an animal, an organism must:

GROW and DEVELOP

In order to be called an animal, an organism must:

REPRODUCE (have babies)

In order to be called an animal, an organism must:

React to changes in their environment Birds fly south for the winter Bears hibernate in the winter

In order to be called an animal, an organism must:

Get energy by eating food

In order to be called an animal, an organism must:

Get rid of wastes

IMPORTANT FACTS

Humans are VERTEBRATES!

Humans have an ENDOSKELETON!

Humans are WARM-BLOODED!

Humans constant body temperature is 98.6!

LIFE CYCLE

Life Cycle

The stages of growth and change that make up an animal’s life Birth Growing Having babies Death

LIFE SPAN

Life Span

How long an animal can usually live in the wild Example:

a moth lives about a week Snake can live 20 years Parrot can live 80 years

METAMORPHOSIS

Metamorphosis Frogs and many insects like butterflies go

through it It’s a cycle where an animal looks different at

each stage

BODY SYSTEMS

Respiratory System

Helps you breathe Important parts:

mouth, lungs, nose We breathe in

OXYGEN and out carbon dioxide

Circulatory System

Pumps blood throughout your body

The “pump” is the heart Important parts: heart,

blood vessels, veins You can feel your

circulatory system by checking your pulse in your neck or on your wrist

Skeletal System

Made up of our BONES

Helps us to stand, stay upright, and move around

We have 206 bones in our bodies!

Muscular System

Made up of muscles. We have 640

muscles in our bodies!

They push and pull on bones to help us move.

Nervous System Made up of our BRAIN,

SPINAL CORD, and nerves

Also our 5 senses (how we take in information)

Messages about what we feel travel from our bodies to our brains and our brain sends back messages about how to react (move away if something is hot)

Digestive System

IMPORTANT PARTS: mouth, throat, stomach, small and large intestine

Helps us to break down food after we eat and use the vitamins in it to keep us healthy