Dr. Samir Raouf Senior Deputy Minister Ministry of Science and Technology, June 2009

http://stiiraqdev.wordpress.com/

A new approach of evaluating scientific and technical capabilities.

Proposed in the late 80’s and adopted by OECD in 1992, later by UNCTAD.

Today used by World Bank UNESCO and Others.

Based on two concepts: ◦ Innovation ◦ National Innovation System

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May 2008: Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) requested STIP review from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) during the 11th session of STDev.

1st September, 2008: MOU signed between UNCTAD and MoST.

October 2008: cabinet approved the MOU and assembled a national committee from high level representatives from 10 ministries (expanded later to 15)

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1.Ministry of Science & Technology. 2.Ministry of Agriculture. 3.Ministry of Industry and Minerals. 4.Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research. 5.Ministry of Environment. 6.Ministry of Communication. 7.Ministry of Water Resources. 8.Ministry of Planning & Development Cooperation. 9.Ministry of Oil. 10.Prime Minister’s Office/Advisors Commission.

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11.Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12.Ministry of Trade. 13.Ministry of Transportation. 14.Ministry of Construction & Housing. 15.Ministry of Health. 16.Ministry of Education.

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Innovation

is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations.

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Product innovation, Process innovation, Marketing innovation, Organisational innovation

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Introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes significant improvements in technical specifications, components and materials, incorporated software, user friendliness or other functional characteristics.

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Implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method. This includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or software.

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Implementation of a new marketing method involving significant changes in product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing.

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Implementation of a new organisational method in the firm’s business practices, workplace organisation or external relations.

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Diffusion New to firm New to market New to world Disruptive innovations

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is the way in which innovations spread, through

market or non-market channels, from their first worldwide implementation to different consumers, countries, regions, sectors, markets, and firms. Without diffusion, an innovation will have no economic impact. The minimum entry for a change in a firm’s products or functions to be considered as an innovation is that it must be new (or significantly improved) to the firm.

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A product, process, marketing method, or

organisational method can already have been implemented by other firms, but if it is new to the firm (or in case of products and processes: significantly improved), then it is an innovation for that firm.

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The firm is the first to introduce the innovation onto its market.

The market is defined as the firm and its competitors.

The geographical scope is subject to the firm’s own view of its operating market and thus can include both domestic and international firms.

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The firm is the first to introduce the innovation for all markets and industries, domestic and international.

implies a qualitatively greater degree of novelty than new to the market.

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An innovation that has a significant impact

on a market and on the economic activity of firms in that market.

Focuses on the impact of innovations as opposed to their novelty.

These impacts can, for example, change the structure of the market, create new markets, or render existing products obsolete. However, it might not be apparent whether an innovation is disruptive until long after the innovation has been introduced.

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Innovation activities: are all scientific, technological, organisational, financial and commercial steps which actually, or are intended to, lead to the implementation of innovations. Some innovation activities are themselves innovative, others are not novel activities but are necessary for the implementation of innovations. Innovation activities also include R&D that is not directly related to the development of a specific innovation.

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Knowledge Human Resources Finance

STI Policies are introduced to facilitate supply

and flow of knowledge, human resources and finance and enhance interaction between different blocks.

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• Meeting targets, evidence-based S&T policy, but ◦ lack of interest at the level of policy makers (low

policy-relevance?), ◦ lack of resources devoted to statistics in S&T, ◦ lack of technical knowledge for the production of

cross-nationally comparable R&D statistics, ◦ difficulties in applying FM concepts and methods. ◦ weak statistical institutions

• S&T indicators need to be adapted to particular policy needs, and need to provide answers to actual policy questions.

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GERD/GDP Time trend of GERD/GDP Number of researchers per million inhabitant

in Arab countries. Incubators in Arab countries (Micro eco-

system) Demand for scientists and engineers (Brain

Drain).

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Composition of foreign born skilled S & T

workers in the USA: ◦ ◦40% of the PhD holders ◦ ◦57% of computer and electrical engineers ◦ ◦54% of civil engineers ◦ ◦52% of mechanical engineers

Less industrialized countries have to compete for their own scientists and technologists in the global market!

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Organizational Reform ◦ Review existing institutions and required functions ◦ Recommendations for organizational reform

Policies Reform ◦ Review policy authorities and delegations ◦ Evaluate policies effecting researchers (HR), R&D activities,

contracting, intellectual property, financing, regulation of R&D … etc.

Integration into National Strategies and National Development Plan (NDP) ◦ R&D priorities derived from ND priorities ◦ NDS should include S&T sector on its own, setting goals in S&T

capacity including S&T infrastructure, human resources and monitoring STI indicators.

Develop Funding Mechanisms That Ensure Funding of Priority Areas According to Merit and Not Organizational Affiliation.

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For More Information Check:

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SAMIR RAOUF – http://stiiraqdev.wordpress.com