Science Sponge

• What are the names of some of the diseases of the bone?

• What are the names of the three types of joints? What movement do they generally support?

• Have you started studying your bones?

Science Sponge

• What are some of the topics that you think will be on the unit test?

• How will you prepare?

Science Sponge

• What are the names of the two types of bone? What are the functions of each?

• Where is the largest bone located in your body?

• At what age will your bones officially stop growing?

Science Sponge

Do bones remain the same?

How do bones “know” when to stop growing? What

happens when they don’t?

The Skeletal System

Life Science

The Skeletal System! Our First Line of Defense

Cells (Osteocytes)

Tissues (Osseous Tissue)

Organs (Bones)

Systems (Skeletal)

Major Functions of the Skeletal System

• Bones support, protect, and work with your muscles so that you can move. Also responsible for red blood cell production.

Two Types of Osseous Tissue

1. Compact bone- dense bone, solid, more on surface of bone, no visible open spacesFunction: tiny canals contain blood vessels

Two Types of Osseous Tissue

2. Spongy Bone- bone that has tiny open spacesFunction: provides strength and support for the bone, can withstand stress

Bone Development • Skeleton begins to develop at 6

weeks after conception, embryo is only 12 mm (0.5 in ) long.

• Bone growth continues through the age of 25 yrs.

• Bone is continuously remodeled or reshaped.

When bones don’t stop growing!

Acromegaly?

Diseases of Bone Growth• Gigantism – overproduction of growth hormone

before puberty, growth plates still open; pituitary tumor.

• Acromegaly – overproduction of growth hormone after puberty, growth plates closed but abnormal growth of cartilage and small bones.

• Marfan’s Syndrome – excessive cartilage at plates that is weak; blood vessels are not as elastic; genetic.

Marfan’s Syndrome?

Achondroplasia

Diseases of Bone Growth

• Achondroplasia :cartilage within the epiphyseal plates grow extremely slow; affects appendicular skeleton more than axial skeleton.

Normal Spongy Bone

Osteoporotic Spongy Bone

The Skeletal System

Ms. Cassagnol’s TAG Life Science….

So Interesting!!!!

The Skeletal System

How many bones do women and men have?

Two Divisions:Axial Skeleton-

bones of skull, vertebral column,

ribs, and sternum- 80

bones

Appendicular Skeleton-

bones of limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles; attach the limbs to the trunk of the body.

Classification of Bones

1. Long bones- long, slender shapes (femur, phalanges)

2. Short bones- boxlike (carpal and tarsal bones)

3. Flat bones- thin, flat bones (sternum, ribs, scapula, parietal)

Classification of Bones

4. Irregular bones- complex shapes, notched or ridged surfaces

5. Sesamoid- like a sesame seed, small, flat, and inside joints

Classification of Bones

6. Sutural bones- small, flat, irregular bones of skull (sutural bone in skull)

Short Bones

Carpals

?

Bones of the Skull

Vertebra (ae) = irregular bones

The Patella (ae) = a sesamoid bone

Sesamoid Bone in Hand

A Sesamoid Bone

Other Sesamoid

Bones!

Many Irregular, Flat, and Sutural

Function of Muscles• Produce movement

• Maintain posture

• Stabilize joints

• Generate heat

Muscular System

• Muscle-an organ that contracts and gets shorter- this provides the force to move your body parts.

Muscle Control

• Voluntary muscles- muscles that you are able to control.

• Examples are leg and arm muscles

• Involuntary Muscles- you can not move them consciously. They just keep workingExamples- heart

The Muscular SystemMuscles are responsible for all

types of body movement

Three basic muscle types are found in the body:

1.Skeletal muscle2.Cardiac muscle3.Smooth muscle

3 types of muscles

• Smooth Muscles- the muscles of internal organs and blood vessels; muscles move involuntary.

• Cardiac Muscle- Found only in the heart and also involuntary.

• Skeletal Muscles- Are voluntary and help you move.

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

• Most are attached by tendons to bones

Why do I need tendons?

Tendons attach my muscles to my bone helping my body move.

Feel your tendon right above your heel in the back of your leg.

This is the thickest tendon in your body.

Diseases of the Muscular System

• Muscular Dystrophy: caused by the improper digestion of food which does not let the muscle produce the proper amount of energy. The muscle will waste away and not allow movement.