Rites of Hajj and Umrah From the book and Sunnah and Narrations ...
Science of Narrations 9
Transcript of Science of Narrations 9
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 1/24
Introduction to Hadith Studies
LESSON NINEThe General Authenticationsor Corrections
Scholars of consensus
The three MORSAL orunlinked
The four books
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 2/24
These are the narrations which
have been generally correctedby great scholars of Hadith. Andthese narrations can be classifiedin three types:
1 The narrations of narrators
corrected or authenticated byscholars by consensus (¶Ijma)
2 The correction of the threeunlinked narrator·s narrations Ibn
Umair, Safwan ibn Yahya, Ahmedibn al-Bezentian.
3 The correction of the four books
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 3/24
Correction of the scholar of consensus
K ASHI mentioned in his book of Rajaal
that our scholars unanimously agreed andare in consensus for considering thenarrations of 18 narrators from thecompanions of Imam (as) as authentic.
1 6 companions of Imam Baqir and ImamSadiq (as) among them are Zorarah ibnAyun, Fodhayl ibn Yasaar and AbuBaseer.
2 6 companions of Imam As-Sadiq (as)among them is Jameel ibn Darraj.
3 6 companions of Imam Al-Kadhim and Ar-Radha (as). Among these companions are3 authors of unlinked narrations: Safwan
ibn Yahya, Mohammad ibn Abu Umair,and Ahmed ibn al-Bezenty.
Most of these 18 narrators were praised bythe infallibles (as).
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 4/24
Possibility of correction:There is confusion regarding what
is meant by the corrections of theabove 18 narrators and thisstatement can be summed up intothree different possibilities:
1 Consider every narration narrated
by them is considered correct eitherdirectly by the Imam (as) orindirectly through other narrators, tobe correct.
2 Consider only narrations narrated bythem directly to be correct.
3 Consider whoever narrates anythingby them as saheeh (correct).
Narrator (Link) Scholar ofconsensus (link) Imam
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 5/24
Based on the first opinion the wholechain from the scholar of consensus to
the Imam (as) is excluded fromverification or justification. Based on the second opinion the whole
chain narrated by them goes under theprocess of verification except for thescholars of consensus (only the scholars
of consensus are excluded from theprocess of justification or verification.)
Based on the third opinion the link between the narrator who narrates fromthe scholar of consensus and from thelater to the infallible (as), are allexcluded both links pre and post of thescholar of consensus. (who narrates(conveys) to him and who receives fromhim)
Narrator (Link) Scholar of consensus
(link)
Imam
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 6/24
The second opinion can be moreacceptable because if they aretrusted then only them areexcluded from authentication ,and the narrators before them orafter them require investigationand authentication.
But there is a debate whether toconsider those 18 narratorstrusted without anyauthentication relying on EJMAA
of the scholars regarding theirauthentication. Therefore eventhese narrators of consensusrequire investigation too.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 7/24
Type of ¶Ijma (the consensus)
1 Some said that the type of EJMAAof scholars regarding the 18narrators justification is the type oflegal and valid ¶Ijma whichincludes the infallible (as)
amongst them, because some ofthe narrators are verified by theinfallibles (as). Therefore suchconsensus is from the one whichindicates the acknowledgement
Imam (AS).(many scholars consider theEJMAA proof if it indicates theexistence of Imam (AS) amongstthe scholars of EJMAA.)
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 8/24
2 It is a consensus of anopinion of few scholarsand does not necessarilyindicate the existence ofthe infallible (as) among
the those scholars ofEJMAA ,and this kind ofEJMAA or an agreementof the scholars was afterthe minor occultation in
the time of Sheikh Mufid.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 9/24
3 The corrections of thescholars of consensus are not
valid, this is the opinion ofmost of the recent scholarson top of them was S. Al-Khoe. We do not have theclues, criteria of
authentication in which theyrelied in their authenticationwhich lead to such consensusand agreement betweenthem so we can not just go
ahead and rely on theirconsensus. Therefore thebase of their ¶Ijma is unknownwhich makes it ineffective tous.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 10/24
The authentication of the three
unlinked (Mursal)There is no doubt that these threewere very well-trusted and authenticsource of the narrations, and if theynarrate directly from the infallible (as)
it is accepted as proof. But we do notknow that the link between them andthe infallibles (as), and we do notknow what was their criterion ofdefining the trusted or their means of justification. This is why the recent
scholars do not issue fatwa (verdict) just based on there unlinkednarrations even though those threeare trusted.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 11/24
But previous scholars based
their fataws (verdicts) on theseMursal Hadiths because theyused to say that a trustedperson narrates always throughor from a trusted narrator, he
investigates before he narrates .But the recent scholars prefer toverify those links, because suchnarrators investigation may behis deduction and intellectual
work, and since some links aremissing, these Hadiths areclassified as the unlink Hadiths.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 12/24
The correction of the four booksIt was said that whatever is narrated inthese four books by those trustworthygreat authors of these books of Hadithsuch as Al-Kafi, are considered saheeh(correct). But the process of verificationdone by these great scholars, authors
of these books, was based upon their¶Ijtehad and every jurist is responsible ofverifying the authentication of eachnarrator and narration, as same theprevious author jurists did.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 13/24
There were many points of support about¶correcting the Hadiths· of these four
books. Many of these points were weak
and easily debated, but one of the
strongest supporting point is that thegreat scholars of those 4 books clearly
mentioned that the Hadiths they narratewere correct and true, and these authors
are very well trusted and pious, so shouldwe rely on their words, due to the
principle :µthe word of the trusted (orJust) is proofµ. Or it was their personal
deduction and every mujtahid shouldperform their own ¶Ijtehad. So when they
mention that it is correct and truehadeeth, then it is based on their
investigation.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 14/24
So the main point of debate as in the
previous discussions (the threeMursals and the scholars of ¶Ijma) thatshould we consider these three great
authors:
1 As trusted narrators and rely on
whatever they say, or;2 consider them great jurists (mujtahid)
and consider what they said as theiropinion and as a result of their
process of ¶Ijtehad (intellectual work)
, and therefore create an opinionbased on our own work andinvestigation as mujtahid (as same as
the issue of fataawa)
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 15/24
The Akhbaris accept the first opinion The recent ones mention that all the clues
and supporting evidences for theirreliance is absence due to the lapse oftime and centuries so it has to be dealtwith the matter as ¶Ijtehad and everymujtahid has to base his opinion on theclues and evidences he passes thereforeall what was mentioned in those books issubjected to authentication. There wasonly one written original for each of thesebooks written by the authors and theywere later handwritten by the kings and
rulers and others. And later after sometime the original was mixed with thecopies and there were differences in thecopies. Because of this mixing up of thesebooks· therefore authentication isrequired.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 16/24
The words of Kulayni regarding
Al-K afi when some onerequested him to write a book which compiles the correcttraditions from the two sadiqs
(Baqir and Ja·far), heresponded that this is the book with fulfils such requests (i.e. allthe Hadiths in it is correct fromBAQIR and SADIQ (AS),therefore every hadeeth inALKAFI is supposed to becorreect.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 17/24
Response of S. Al-Khoei The request did not include a
condition that there should be noother than correct Hadith in that book or should not include other Infallibles(as) sayings. So the request wasfulfilled but included more than whatwas requested for the sake of extrabenefit.
S. al-Khoe supports this point asfollows from the books itself:
1 There are sayings in Al-K afi which arenot narrated by any of the infallibles
(as)
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 18/24
2. If Al-K ulayni said that all narrations in his
Al-K
afi are correct and true then it can notbe taken seriously because if he meantthat all those narrations fulfill the
conditions of authentication than that isnot true, because there are narrations
narrated by those who were known infabricating and falsifying the Hadiths such
as Abu Al-Bakhtari. If it is said that maybethese narrations are of those which are
supported by other supportive clues
which might strengthen the weak Hadith.Response: Yes, that point can be valid byitself but it is not applicable because such
narrations are plenty in number, and suchcases are far from being accepted.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 19/24
3 What Al-K ulayni mentions
about his book can be adeductive issue (¶Ijtehad) andnot his testimony. Maybe hehas some clues toauthenticate narrations, and in
that case every jurist isresponsible to make his owndeduction and concludebased on the clues availableto him.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 20/24
4 There are some odd Hadithsnarrated by unknownnarrators which creates adoubt of being narrated bythe infallibles (as). Sheikh
Sadooq did not acceptmany of the narrations of Al-K afi.
5 Al-K ulayni himself mentionsthat he hopes that he has
fulfilled the request. This¶hope· is not based on themodesty and that he reliedon his deduction or ·Ijtehadand his personal studies.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 21/24
Words of ¶Mun La Yadhorho Al-Faqih·
(Sheikh Sadooq)´My intention was to collect thenarrations which was source ofverdict and was consideredcorrect and I believe that it is a
proof between me and myLord«.µ From his words it can be
understood that what he did washis deduction (¶Ijtehad) in his
collection. His ¶Ijtehad wasbased on his personal study anddeduction cannot be a proof onanother mujtahid or jurist asstated by Al-K hoe.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 22/24
As mentioned previously that
previous great scholars hadsome clues of strengtheningthe weak hadeeth, and theseclues did not fall under theiragreement, they haddisagreements on these clues,and not all the clues wereagreeable to all of them.Based on that there may besome weak narrations whichmay be supported by somedisputed clues of strengtheninga weak hadeeth.
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 23/24
Words of ¶Tahzeeb·
(Sheikh at-Tousee) He clearly mentioned that the book
includes his hard work and efforts todeduce or to define the correct andauthentic narration.
He did not mention that all what henarrates is correct as he mentioned
that if a false narration exists in thebook, then there is a reason behind it.
(he must have used some of thedisputed clues of supporting theweak hadeeth.)
8/8/2019 Science of Narrations 9
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/science-of-narrations-9 24/24
Words of ¶Istbsaar ·
(Sheikh at-Tousee)
It is a summary or brief ofTahzeeb and he
mentioned that he took thesame approach in writingthis book as he took inTahzeeb. So not all in thefour books of Hadith is saheeh but is subjected tofurther authentication fromthe jurist.