Science Introduction Notes

Science 8Our Lady of Mt. Carmel School

Asking questions is a sign of intellectual maturity.

THIS IS NOT SCIENCE 7…EXPECTATIONS ARE GREATER!

Science Marks Breakdown

70 %

70 %

70 %

70 %70 %

60 %

50 %

50 %

60%

70 %

70 %

60 %

8 Simple Rules for Classroom Behaviour

‘Follow these, and we will have a great year’

1. Respect one another & property at all times

2. Use good manners

3. Do your own work

4. Follow directions

5. Keep hands, feet, objects, and unkind remarks to yourself

6. Bring required materials to class

7. Raise your hand

8. Do not bring unnecessary/distracting materials

Mr. Leonard’s Class

Review of Course Outline ‘15% less rule’ with last year’s effort

30% rule for no assignments

How you should set up your science binder:1. Notes2. Homework3. Labs/Activities4. Quizzes/ Tests5. Extra paper (lined, white & grid)

Mr. Leonard’s Class

Come prepared with all required materials!

You need your binder and textbook everyday, but may need other materials time to time.

Not coming prepared with the proper equipment is not an excuse to not do your work!

Entering & leaving class Cellphones/ Personal devices Sinks Plagiarism…(sigh)

Consequences will be severe and immediate. Know the difference between group work and your work

Science 8

Any info you need is found on my website:

leonard91sciwebnode.com

Link: http://leonard91sci.webnode.com/

See Website

Note taking

The Scientific Method-How does science work?

Scientific method is not a recipe: it requires intelligence, imagination, and creativity.

It is also an ongoing cycle, constantly developing more useful, accurate and comprehensive models and methods.

Scientific Method Video (1:17-3:01)

Outline of the Scientific Method1) Question (ie. What is the Problem?)

2) Hypothesis

3) Create Operational Definitions Materials Procedure Variables

Controlled Manipulated Responding

4) Observations (in chart or graph)

5) Analyze data

6) Reliability/Validity

7) Conclusion

8) References

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7 Points When Talking Science…

A) Observations

Types of Observations

Accurate – exact report of what your senses tell you.

Objective – avoids opinion or bias on a specific point of view. (opposite = subjective)

Quantitative – have numbers, but also can include descriptions.

Qualitative – do NOT have numbers, only descriptions.

Hint: describe one of these observations in your lab reports!

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Observations Examples

B) Measuring

Provides specific information and help observers avoid bias.

Needs to be accurate!Copy This Down

C) Classifying

organizing ideas, objects and events into groups according to a system.

good classification systems make finding information easier and clarifies relationships.

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D) Hypotheses

a prediction about the outcome of a scientific investigation.

must be testable by observations. For our purposes, it is a cause and effect, or ‘if-then’

statement. Explain why after.

‘if the temperature is decreased, then the seedlings will not grow as well’. Why…

‘ if the amount of moisture is increased, then the bread will get moldier’. Why….

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E) VariablesVariable -> factors that can change.

3 types 1) Manipulated Variable (independent variable)

1 variable that is purposely changed and tested 2) Responding Variable (dependent variable)

the 1 factor that may change as a result of the manipulated variable

- this is what you are trying to find out 3) Controlled Variables

all the other factors (3-4 different factors)must keep ALL conditions the same.

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Examples

How does the amount of fluoride affect the number of cavities?

Manipulated variable = Responding variable = Controlled variables =

Is the number of tomatoes on a tomato plant affected by the amount of fertilizer used?

Manipulated variable = Responding variable = Controlled variables =

F) Graphing Data

Allows one to see patterns and trends that are very difficult to spot from a table of numbers.

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Graphing the Variables

the manipulated (math terms: independent) variable is always plotted against the responding variable (math terms: dependent)

 

Y Axis

(responding

variable)

Units

 

X Axis (manipulated variable) Units

G) Interpreting Data (Analysis)

means looking for a pattern or trend.Ie. What happened? Detailed explanations!

Hint: pretend the teacher knows nothing about science. You need to explain every little detail.

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Safety in the Science Classroom

Safety test to follow!!!

Know the WHMIS symbols!

Always wear SAFETY GOGGLES!

Always put lids back on containers!

Safety Review

Lab Safety Quiz! This Friday!! (Block 4)