Science Forum Day 1 - Yumiko Kura - Mekong Basin Development Challenge

partnership Ÿ excellence Ÿ growth

THE CGIAR CHALLENGE PROGRAM ON WATER AND FOOD - MEKONG BASIN DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE

• Started in mid 2010, continues to 2013• Total program budget around US$5 million ++• Aims to reduce poverty and foster development through management of

water for multiple uses in large dams and reservoirs• Six coordinated research projects:

– MK1 on Livelihoods (Site Level) led by IWMI– MK2 on Water Valuation (Site/Provincial Level) led by WorldFish– MK3 on Cascade of Reservoir (Catchment Level) led by ICEM– MK4 on Water Governance led by AIT/MPower– MK5 on Program Coordination and Communication– MK6 on Multi Stakeholder Platform

• Working in three countries: – Cambodia – Sesan/Srepok catchments– Laos – Nam Theun Himboeun catchment– Vietnam – Sesan catchment


Case Study Case Study SitesSites

Lower Se San 2

Yali Falls

Theun Himboeun Extention


Livelihood strategies based on fisheries and aquaculture

Decision-making support tools

Hydrology-fisheries interactions

Wetlands resource valuation and management

Coordination of on-the-ground activities and stakeholder engagement in Cambodia

Individuals are simultaneously involved in multiple Projects, facilitating synergies

Role of WorldFish in MK1,2, 3


Mekong Project 2: Mekong Project 2: Water Valuation (MK2) Water Valuation (MK2)

• Overall Project Objective:

Assess the value of water in its various uses and estimate costs and benefits associated with different water management strategies

• Research Questions:– 1) What is the value of multiple uses of water

compared to a sector focus on hydropower or irrigation?

– 2) Can we balance the value of water being used for alternative purposes, while sustaining the value of water for hydropower?


• Total value of water multi-uses estimated in the 3 case study areas

• Integrated water valuation framework developed and field-tested

Mekong Project 2 : OutputsMekong Project 2 : Outputs

Project Team: The WorldFish Center; International Center for Environmental Management (ICEM); International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Culture and Environment Preservation Association (CEPA), Cambodia; Department of Livestock and Fisheries (DLF), Lao PDR; Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), Vietnam


Water Services

(Values)

Human ImpactHydropower development

Dam Reservoir

Flow diversionHuman Impact

-Coping strategies and adaptation: over harvesting; change in land use etc..

Physical Characteristics of

Surface Water

Changes in :

Where the water is-River-Reservoir-Seasonal wetlands

When water is available/accessible- Flow regime

-Seasonal flooding patterns

Water Quality

- Sediment load

Will determine the habitat

Freshwater/Wetlands ecosystem goods and

services

- Flood control

-Nutrient Retention

-Fish and aquatic plants and animals quantity and diversity:

- Availability: when; where

-Quantity

Use Value

-Direct use

-Indirect use

Non use value

Option value

Livelihood Systems

-Who benefit from what water use/value gains?

-Who bear the cost of what water use/value losses?

-Relative importance of each water value to stakeholders - all year around, seasonal?

-Level of dependency on livelihood derived from particular water value

-What social/institutional structure affect the water access?

Water Value

Water and water services that contribute to local livelihood and its linkages to the physical status of water. Adapted from Springate-Baginski et al. 2009


-Fisheries

-Other aquatic resources (plants, mollusk etc…)

-Irrigation/recession ag/river bank gardens

-Domestic use (drinking, washing)

-Urban water supply

-Hydropower

-Aquaculture

-Water for livestock

-Transport

-Fertilization/sediment transport

-Fish habitat /spawning ground / migration route

- Spiritual and religious values

Economic Values of Water

Use Value

Direct Use Value

Indirect Use Value

Non - Use Value

Or existence values

Values assessed in Cambodia

Values assessed in Lao

Values assessed in Vietnam

Values need be measured at appropriate scale - local, basin-wide, national, global


-Hydropower

-Urban water supply

-Fisheries

-Other aquatic resources (plants, mollusk etc…)

-Irrigation

-Domestic use (drinking, washing)

-Aquaculture

-(Grazing land)

-Transport

-Fertilization/sediment transport

-(Spawning ground)

-Spiritual and religious values

-Recreational values

Economic Values of Water

Use Value

Direct Use Value

Indirect Use Value

Non Use Value

Hydropower Development

Local Community

Fishers/Farmers

Man/women

Developers

Local, Provincial &

National

Authorities

Urban

Population

Changes in water

regime

Changes in Access Right and water

regulations

Beneficiaries

Strong benefit

Medium benefit

Little benefit

Possible benefit


Proposed Approach for Case Study in Proposed Approach for Case Study in VietnamVietnam

Geographic Scope: Upper Sesan river basin in Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces

Objectives: Provide useful information on water uses for

coordination of water management strategies in two provinces

Estimate future water demand and identify key challenges for integrated water management

Approaches: Estimating future water demand of sectoral

users in the provinces Household survey of upstream villages whose

water use affect the reservoir


Yali reservoir, cassava plantation in the drawdown area,Yali dam in the background, Kon Tum province


Proposed Approach for Case Study in Proposed Approach for Case Study in CambodiaCambodia

Geographic Scope: Lower Sesan 2 Impact Zone Objectives:

Assess how upstream and downstream livelihoods will be variously affected by the change in access to water resources

Analyze water value trade offs with and without the presence of reservoir

Approaches: Household survey of upstream and downstream

villages directly affected by the dam and reservoir

Assessing existing water use patterns and values derived from direct access to rivers


Mek

ong

Riv

er

Sek

ong

Riv

er

Sesan River

Srepok River

Ban Bung Phluk

Srepok? Sre Sranock

Kabal Romeas/Chrab?

Krabey Chrum

Khsach Thmey

Svay Rieng

Roum Poth & Talat villages upstream

Sre Kor 2

Sre Kor I


Proposed Approach for Case Study in Proposed Approach for Case Study in Lao PDRLao PDR

Geographic Scope: Theun Hinboun Expansion Project Impact Zone

Objectives: Assess how upstream and downstream

households will be variously affected by the change in access to water resources

Analyze water value trade offs before and after resettlement/relocation of villages

Approaches: Household survey of upstream and downstream

villages directly affected by the dam and reservoir

Assessing existing water use patterns and values derived from direct access to rivers

partnership Ÿ excellence Ÿ growthView of resettlement site from the village


OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Hydropower politically sensitive issue in the region Transaction cost high for multi-disciplinary, multi-country

project, e.g. economists vs livelihoods, + hydrologist Usefulness of the research for key stakeholders

including hydropower developers and local communities Cost of coordination and administration of institutionally

complex project Healthy competition among country teams Economic valuation of water multi-use seen as providing

critical piece of information that can make difference

Science Forum Day 1 - Yumiko Kura - Mekong Basin Development Challenge

Technology

Transcript of Science Forum Day 1 - Yumiko Kura - Mekong Basin Development Challenge