1. Breakthroughs in Bioscience From NIH-Funded Basic Research to Improved Health WashingtonWashington

2. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Nations medical research agency Funds the science that leads to medical advancement Campus in Bethesda, MD but most funding is distributed to university researchers throughout the United States Univ. of Washington (UW) ranks 5th overall among institutions in NIH funding (>$390M); the state ranks 9th overall. 3. Research Enterprise Is Critical to Washingtons Economy The biotech and medical device industry employed approximately 20,000 people in Washington in 2002 The indirect job multiplier for a single high biotech job ranges between 2.23 and 3.4, adding significant additional employment to Washingtons economy The Seattle area is the sixth largest biotechnology center in the country Research supported 7,600 full-time equivalent employees at Univ. of Washington (UW) in FY 2005 and research funding generated about 34,000 jobs statewide UW technology licenses generated over $18.6 million in revenue (FY 2005) The economic activity of Washington State Univ. (WSU) translates into more than 10,000 jobs statewide 4. Leveraging the States Investment with Extramural Research Dollars UW receives more federal research funding than any other American public university, a position it has held each year since 1974 188 new companies have been based on UW research advances In fiscal year 1996, WSU leveraged $226.2 million of state funding into a total budget of $515.5 million The Technology Alliance (a statewide consortium of business leaders, research institutions, and high- tech trade associations) is advocating a grants program through 2017 that would make an impact of $1.35 billion, generate over 20,000 jobs and innovate health care advancements for the citizens of WA 5. The NIH Top 20 Universities: An Elite Group 1. Johns Hopkins 2. UC San Francisco 3. Pennsylvania 4. Michigan Ann Arbor 5.5. WashingtonWashington 6. Washington U 7. Pitt 8. Yale 9. Duke 10. UCLA 11. UNC Chapel Hill 12. UC San Diego 13. Stanford 14. Vanderbilt 15. Columbia 16. Minnesota 17. Wisconsin 18. Emory 19. Baylor 20. MIT 6. NIH: Saving Lives Through Science Current annual budget of around $29.3 billion Greater than 80% distributed throughout the country More than 50,000 grants 212,000 scientists 2,800 universities Four Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine awarded to UW scientists since 1990 Portfolio of basic, translational, and clinical research NIH has been involved in nearly all the medical & health related discoveries of the past century 7. How NIH Makes Science Happen Researchers working at local universities, hospitals and research institutions are dependent on federal support to fund their research, hire lab personnel and train young scientists They write research grant proposals to compete for funding Must explain why they think its a good idea, how theyre going to do the experiments, and what impact it will have on science & medicine Proposals are reviewed in a two-tiered system Peer-reviewed by scientists to ensure highest quality science Reviewed again for applicability to scientific or health priorities by NIH officials and other stakeholders, including public members NIH review system is the envy of the world! Very competitive!!! Before - 1 in 3 proposals funded; now closer to 1 in 6 High quality research is not being done for lack of funding 8. Basic Research: From Bench to Bedside Much of NIH funding goes to basic or fundamental research Basic research is driven by interest in a scientific question The main motivation is to expand knowledge and understanding, not to create or invent something However, the insight into how the human body works and understanding of how diseases and disorders operate provides the foundation for medical progress "People cannot foresee the future well enough to predict what's going to develop from basic research. If we only did applied research, we would still be making better spears." Dr. George Smoot, Berkeley National Lab 9. What about medical breakthroughs? Medical breakthroughs often come from unrelated areas of science or medicine Research on cancer biology has led to drugs for: heart disease; viral diseases like influenza, Herpes & AIDS; and osteoporosis Physicists studying the effects of magnets on atomic particles made the discovery that gave us MRI Usually based on years or decades of fundamental knowledge Over time, scientists solve or find different pieces of the puzzle This makes it difficult to predict where the next breakthrough will come from Makes it imperative to support a broad range of scientific research Much of this research is too basic for the private sector The federal investment often lays the foundation for advances in healthcare 10. Evolution of Research to Healthcare Selected modern examples 11. Cardiovascular disease Information on the biochemical structure & synthesis of cholesterol led to the development of statins Discoveries in basic kidney biology and blood pressure regulation converged with an unexpected finding involving snake venom to yield ACE inhibitors, one of our most effective hypertension medications Understanding how the blood clots, together with a new cancer treatment and the first commercial use of recombinant technologies, resulted in rtPA, a clot- busting drug that can prevent death from heart attack or stroke RESULTS?? 63% REDUCTION IN DEATHS FROM HEART DISEASE AND A 70% REDUCTION IN DEATHS DUE TO STROKE; MORE THAN 1 MILLION LIVES SAVED IN 2006 ALONE 12. Cardiovascular disease 60 70 9575 500 400 300 200 100 50 55 65 80 85 90 00 Deathsper100,000 Year ~ 514,000 Actual Deaths in 2000 ~ 1,329,000 Projected Deaths in 2000 30-year Investment per American ~$110.00 Total Economic return of improved treatment & prevention $2.6 TRILLION 13. HIV / AIDS Fundamental knowledge of how viruses replicate gave scientists targets for therapy. Researchers looking for a new cancer drug hit one of those targets when they discovered a way to block replication, resulting in the development of AZT. Increased understanding of how HIV operates at the cellular and molecular level identified more targets, and eventually led to the combination of drugs knows as the triple cocktail. RESULTS?? AIDS HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED FROM AN ACUTE FATAL ILLNESS TO A CHRONIC CONDITION; THE PROPHYLACTIC USE OF ANTI-VIRALS PREVENTED ALMOST 350,000 DEATHS WORLDWIDE IN 2005 14. Deaths from AIDS dropped nearly 70% between 1995 and 2000 HIV / AIDS Survival rates for those infected with HIV has increased by 10 years 15. Cancer Basic research into the shape and characteristics of the estrogen receptor gave us tamoxifen, which can reduce breast cancer incidence among women at risk by over 45%. The breakthrough finding that human papillomavirus (HPV) could cause cervical cancer has led to a new vaccine that NIH estimated could reduce cervical cancer incidence by as much as 90%. While investigating the cellular machinery controlling cell growth, scientists developed bortezomib - now used to treat patients with multiple myeloma. RESULTS?? FROM 1993-2002, CANCER DEATH RATES DROPPED 1.1% PER YEAR; MORE THAN 2/3 OF PEOPLE DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER CAN EXPECT TO LIVE 5+ YEARS 16. Cancer MillionsofPeople 1971 1986 1990 2003 9 6 3 Increase in Cancer Survivors 30-year Investment per American ~$260.00 Total 17. Infant mortality Studies on lung function led to the discovery of surfactant. This protein-lipid mixture is crucial for the survival of premature infants, decreasing the number of infant deaths from respiratory distress from 15,000 per year to less than 1,000. The use of anti-virals to prevent mother to child HIV transmission has reduced the rate from 25% to about 1% in the U.S. Studies on a metabolite of progesterone, known as progesterone 17P, have led to the finding that injections of this compound can reduce pre-term deliveries by as much as 30%, a particularly important result for African American women. RESULTS?? IN LESS THAN A CENTURY, INFANT MORTALITY IN THE U.S. HAS BEEN REDUCED BY 90%, TRANSLATING TO ALMOST 500,000 BABIES SAVED PER YEAR 18. NIH-Funded Discoveries at UW Developed a targeted gene therapy that eradicated the genetic mutations in adult stem cells associated with brittle bone disease, leading to possible therapy Development of EPO growth factor for treatment of anemia due to kidney failure, also used in cancer patients with anemia Discovered a protein involved in muscle-wasting diseases that plays a role in moving water in and out of brain cells, opening new avenues for treating brain swelling Use of recombinant DNA to develop clotting factors for those with hemophilia Created the treadmill test for exercise tolerance for people with suspected or known heart disease Created software that performs rapid DNA analysis 19. The Bottom Line People are living longer, healthier lives because of NIH funded medical research What were once swiftly fatal illnesses have become treatable or manageable conditions For those suffering from diseases that have no current treatment or cure, medical research provides hope which has a major impact on quality of life 20. The Challenge NIH funding is entirely dependent on Congressional support In recent years, Congressional support has diminished, and the NIH budget is slowly eroding from lack of funding and inflation Lack of understanding in Congress about the importance of medical research and the treatments and hope it provides As the NIH budget falls, success rate also falls Diminished investment in NIH = loss of talented researchers = missed opportunities = delays in medical progress 21. Washingtons Congressmen Need to Advocate for NIH Funding Nothing should surpass improving our health as a national priority Opportunities for discoveries that translate to improved health for our citizens have never been greater Every increase in the NIH budget means additional funding for research in the state and new jobs 22. We Need your Help: Working Together for NIH Contact Senators Murray and Cantwell and your Congressional Representative Let them know that medical research is important to you and what a bargain it is Write a letter to the newspaper and talk to your friends Help educate policymakers and neighbors about the important work NIH is doing Nothing is more important than our health The National Institutes of Health (NIH) should be an American priority 23. Want to know more?? Please visit http:// opa.faseb.org Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)