Science Chapter 1- Lesson 3

Plants obtain air and sunlight directly from their environments. Transporting water and nutrients can be very difficult.

Nonvascular plants are small and survive without a transport system.

Vascular plants can transport water and nutrients to the top of the tallest trees.

Vascular plants are divided into seed plants and seedless plants. A seed contains an undeveloped plant, stored food, and a protective covering.

Seedless Plants

They produce spores. A spore is a single cell that can develop into a new plant exactly like the plant that produced it.

Two Types of Seed Plants

1.Gymnosperm 2.Angiosperm

Gymnosperm-a seed plant that does not produce flowers Angiosperm-a seed plant that produces flowers (ex. rose bushes)

Please answer the following questions in your notebook:

1. A plant is 65 feet tall and does not produce flowers. What conclusions can you draw about this plant?

2. How is height an advantage to some vascular plants?

What are roots? A root is the part of the plant that absorbs water and minerals, stores food, and anchors the plant. Roots absorb water using fuzzy root hairs.

Vascular Plant Roots Vascular Plant Roots are made of 3 parts: 1. Root Cap: covers the tip of the root 2. Epidermis: outer layer of a root 3. Cortex: located under the epidermis and stores food and nutrients

Four Types of Roots:

1.Aerial Roots 2.Fibrous Roots 3.Taproots 4.Prop Roots

Please answer the following questions in your notebook:

An area has many plants with taproots. Where would you expect to find underground water in this area?

Stems have 2 functions: 1. it is a support structure 2. serves as a transport system for the plant Two types of cells make this transport System: *Xylem- moves water and minerals up the plant *Phloem- moves sugars that are made by the plant to other parts of the plant

The xylem and phloem are separated by a layer called the cambium.

Please answer the following questions in your notebook:

Why do most trees have woody stems?

What are leaves?

The leaves of a plant carry out photosynthesis, or the food making process.

Plants need 3 materials to carry out Photosynthesis: 1. sunlight 2. water 3. carbon dioxide

Transpiration

Transpiration is the loss of water through a plant’s leaves.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process in which “energy” is released from food (sugar) inside a cell. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.