Science-based pathway for long-term solution to fire and haze
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Transcript of Science-based pathway for long-term solution to fire and haze
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Science-based pathway for a long-term solution to fire & hazeDaniel Murdiyarso
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Contributors• David Gaveau• Sofyan Kurnianto• Imam Basuki• Nisa Novita
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What are our charges?• What policy or regulatory changes and associated tools need to be put in
place to restore degraded peat lands and swamps and/or improve the productivity of degraded mineral soils?
• Can drainage-intensive activities be accommodated on peat-lands and swamps in the long-term, and what are the alternatives? What needs to be done to stop further development and drainage of peat-land?
• How can degraded mineral and peat lands and swamps contribute to a long-term solution to fire and haze?
• What are best management practices on managing and utilizing degraded tropical peat lands and swamps that can be replicated and up-scaled?
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Outline• Introduction
• Fires: past and present• Newly burned forests/lands?
• Characterizing biophysical properties• Hydrology/water regimes• Geophysical properties
• Quantifying C budget• Flux and stock change approaches• Emission factors
• Policy implications• Key messages
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Fires: past and present
Gaveau et al. In prep
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Newly burned forests and lands?
Gaveau et al. In prep
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Ground Penetrating RadarCMP survey
Comas et al. In prep
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100 150 200
Ground Penetrating Radar – CO survey
Comas et al. In prep
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Kurnianto et al. In prep
Hydraulic conductivity – forests
Canal
Plot for the slug test
150 m
30 m
2rw
2rc
y
H
L
slug
Water levelrecorder
D
Peat
Ks = 0.01 to 13.8 m/dayMean Ks = 1.33 m/day
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Ks = 0.02 to 3.5 m/dayMean Ks = 0.28 m/day
Kurnianto et al. In prep
Hydraulic conductivity – oil palm
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More canals more fires
Gaveau et al. In prep
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Flux change approach 11.8 ± 0.7 Mg CO2-eq ha-1yr-1, or 294 ± 18 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 over 25 yrs Stock change approach2221 ± 269 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 (maximum peat depth was 3 m)
Note:• C losses from multiple fires during
land preparation are not included • Net emissions from protected PSF
12 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 yr-1
CO2 emissions from forest conversion to oil palm plantation
Novita et al. 5 In prep.
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Total C stocksAboveground
C stoksBelowground
C stocks(Mg ha-1yr-1)
Undrained sec. swamp forest(N=4)
4359 239 (5.5%) 4119 (94.5%) 0 0
Drained sec. swamp forest(N=6)
4085 191 (4.7%) 3893 (95.3%) 274 11.0
Wet shrub(N=5) 3413 39 (1.2%) 3373 (98.8%) 946 37.8
Oil palm (N=5) 3679 23 (0.6%) 3655 (99.4%) 680 27.2
Land use types(Mg ha-1)
Emission Factor
Emission factors
Basuki et al. In prep
CO2 Emission CO2 Gains Balance Emission Factor
(Mg ha-1 yr-1)
Undrained sec. swamp forest(N=3)
31.6 34.4 2.8 0.0
Drained sec. swamp forest(N=3)
32.4 31.0 -1.4 -4.2
Wet shrub(N=3)
28.9 4.2 -24.7 -27.5
Oil palm (N=3)
37.4 2.8 -34.6 -37.4
(Mg ha-1 yr-1)Land use types
1.4 4.2
24.7 27.5
34.6 37.4
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Scaling impacts and policy responses
days year years decades
Spa
tial s
cale
Temporal scale
Global
Regional
National
Landscape
Patch Post-fireNutrient releases
Transformed multi-levelpolicies
Damages to property and crops
Spatial planning and fire prevention capacity development
Elevated watershedsediment exports
Regional haze treaty Regional cooperation on early warning
systems and fire-fighting capacities
Technical assistance programs
GHG emissions &Climate change
Murdiyarso and Lebel 2007
Changes in landdevelopment policies
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Reversing land-use trajectory?
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Key messages• Fire regimes change over time but they are completely
anthropogenic and mainly associated with land-use policy, governance and tenure systems
• Peat swamp (forest) fires and smoldering haze cause detrimental impacts on human health and GHG emissions
• Quantifying peat biogeochemical and physical properties would facilitate informed land-use decisions and fire prevention
• Information on peat depth, hydrology are key for multi-levels policy formulation
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CIFOR advances human well-being, environmental conservation, and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries.
Thank you
www.cifor.orgwww.cifor.org/swamp