Science and Technology Indicators of Sri Lanka Dr. P.R.M.P. Dilrukshi Science and Technology Policy...

Science and Technology Indicators

of Sri Lanka

Dr. P.R.M.P. Dilrukshi Science and Technology Policy Research

Division National Science Foundation

Sri Lanka www.nsf.ac.lk

[email protected]

Sri Lanka

http://www.nsf.ac.lk/

Presentation Layout

1.Country Profile2.History of R&D data collection in Sri

Lanka 3.Present status of collecting R&D

statistics4.Summary of R&D indicators of Sri

Lanka 5.Usage of S&T indicators in the

country 6.Problems faced by Survey team

during the R&D survey

1.Country Profile2.History of R&D data collection in Sri

Lanka 3.Present status of collecting R&D

statistics4.Summary of R&D indicators of Sri

Lanka 5.Usage of S&T indicators in the

country 6.Problems faced by Survey team

during the R&D survey Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7 , Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7 , Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk

Country Profile Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, known as

Ceylon before 1972, is an island in South Asia, located about 31 kilometers (19.3 mile) off the southern coast of India.

Total land area is 65,610 square km Mid year population in 2008 is 20.2 million Female: Male ratio (2002) 52:48 Density of population, person per sq. km. 322 Average Literacy rate 91. 3% (male: 92.8, Female 77.9) Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 11 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 58 Expectation of life at birth, 71.9 years Human Development Index (2007) : 102 (Rank among 182

countries) Prosperity Index (2007): 0.759

Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7 , Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7 , Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://royalsrilanka.com/images/Sri%20Lanka%20logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lankacomments.com/&h=823&w=677&sz=160&tbnid=QgIVDwykC3RR3M:&tbnh=248&tbnw=204&prev=/images?q=Sri+Lankan+government+logo&zoom=1&q=Sri+Lankan+government+logo&hl=en&usg=__gmSW4WoUPyU00xmYWLiwudHVuJ4=&sa=X&ei=J4bbTLiaEpPSuwO2qYGcCg&ved=0CAkQ9QEwAA

History of R&D data collection in Sri Lanka

• The mandate to collect S&T statistics was provided to the National Science Council (NSC) of Sri Lanka the predecessor of National Science Foundation in 1967.

• The earliest study on S&T indicators was carried out in 1970 to assess the scientific resources in Sri Lanka in term of public expenditure on Research and Development by the Ceylon Institute for scientific & industrial Research (CISIR) predecessor of Industrial Technology Institute (ITI)

• A subsequent survey was conducted to measure the Scientific and technical manpower in the country in 1972 by the Ceylon Association for the Advancement of Science presently known as the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science (SLAAS).

• The mandate to collect S&T statistics was provided to the National Science Council (NSC) of Sri Lanka the predecessor of National Science Foundation in 1967.

• The earliest study on S&T indicators was carried out in 1970 to assess the scientific resources in Sri Lanka in term of public expenditure on Research and Development by the Ceylon Institute for scientific & industrial Research (CISIR) predecessor of Industrial Technology Institute (ITI)

• A subsequent survey was conducted to measure the Scientific and technical manpower in the country in 1972 by the Ceylon Association for the Advancement of Science presently known as the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science (SLAAS).


History of R&D data collection in Sri Lanka contd.

• The first systematically designed survey on scientific and technical manpower potential in the country was carried out in 1974 by the National Science Council (NSC) following the guidelines prepared by the UNESO.

• In 1977 National Science Council (NSC) carried out it’s 2nd major survey which included an assessment of funding for basic and applied research in the country for 10 year period from 1956 to 1965 and technical manpower during 1977.

• The first systematically designed survey on scientific and technical manpower potential in the country was carried out in 1974 by the National Science Council (NSC) following the guidelines prepared by the UNESO.

• In 1977 National Science Council (NSC) carried out it’s 2nd major survey which included an assessment of funding for basic and applied research in the country for 10 year period from 1956 to 1965 and technical manpower during 1977.



• The 3rd study of the series was carried out in 1984 by the Natural Resource Energy Authority (NARESA) which was the successor of NSC and predecessor of National Science Foundation (NSF).

• The 3rd study of the series was carried out in 1984 by the Natural Resource Energy Authority (NARESA) which was the successor of NSC and predecessor of National Science Foundation (NSF).



contd. • The 4th comprehensive survey carried out by

NARESA in 1996 covering higher education, government, industrial and private non profit sectors. This is the first comprehensive survey of R&D in the country and done according to the standard specified by OECD Frascati Manual.

• The 5th Survey was carried out in year 2000 by the NSF the successor to NSC and NARESA. The survey only covered the higher education sector and S&T public sector following the UNESCO guidelines and OECD Frascati Manual.

• The 4th comprehensive survey carried out by NARESA in 1996 covering higher education, government, industrial and private non profit sectors. This is the first comprehensive survey of R&D in the country and done according to the standard specified by OECD Frascati Manual.

• The 5th Survey was carried out in year 2000 by the NSF the successor to NSC and NARESA. The survey only covered the higher education sector and S&T public sector following the UNESCO guidelines and OECD Frascati Manual.


Present status of collecting R&D

statistics in Sri Lanka• After establishment of Science and

Technology Policy Research Division at the NSF the regular R&D survey commenced in 2006 covering all Science and Technology sectors.

• The R&D survey conducted biannually. • Accordingly three surveys completed in

2006, 2008 and 2010 to measure the status of R&D in the country pertaining to 2004, 2006 and 2008 respectively.

• After establishment of Science and Technology Policy Research Division at the NSF the regular R&D survey commenced in 2006 covering all Science and Technology sectors.

• The R&D survey conducted biannually. • Accordingly three surveys completed in

2006, 2008 and 2010 to measure the status of R&D in the country pertaining to 2004, 2006 and 2008 respectively.


• Preliminary preparation are being made to carry out survey for 2010 and survey planned to commenced on April 2011

• Preliminary preparation are being made to carry out survey for 2010 and survey planned to commenced on April 2011


Present status of collecting R&D statistics in Sri Lanka Contd.

National Research Experiment and

Development Survey Sri Lanka (R&D Survey)

• Conduct Every two Years • Data collection done according to

the fiscal year (survey start on 31st March of the survey year)

• Follow OECD (Frascati and Canbara Manuals) and UNESCO definitions and standard

• Conduct Every two Years • Data collection done according to

the fiscal year (survey start on 31st March of the survey year)

• Follow OECD (Frascati and Canbara Manuals) and UNESCO definitions and standard


Scope of the Survey

All higher education Sector InstitutionAll R&D Institutions All government and private sector

Institutions work in the areas in Science and Technology

All S&T service sector organizations including Ministries, Department, Statutory Boards etc.

Business enterprise sector (Select representing sample only)

Non Profit Private sector organizations and Non Government organizations

All higher education Sector InstitutionAll R&D Institutions All government and private sector

Institutions work in the areas in Science and Technology

All S&T service sector organizations including Ministries, Department, Statutory Boards etc.

Business enterprise sector (Select representing sample only)

Non Profit Private sector organizations and Non Government organizations


Survey Methodology

1. Higher Education 2. R&D Institute/Units/Individual doing

R&D 3. S&T service sector 4. Business sector enterprises 5. Non Profit Local/Foreign Organizations

1. Higher Education 2. R&D Institute/Units/Individual doing

R&D 3. S&T service sector 4. Business sector enterprises 5. Non Profit Local/Foreign Organizations

5 types of questionnaires use to collect data as follows:5 types of questionnaires use to collect data as follows:


Data collection Methodology

• MOU has been singed with University Grant Commission (UGC) to collect data pertaining to the government university system in 2006

• UGC is provided with questionnaires and relevant definitions and guidelines for the data collection.

• The survey frame include all Faculties,

Department , Institutions, units comes under the S&T sector

• MOU has been singed with University Grant Commission (UGC) to collect data pertaining to the government university system in 2006

• UGC is provided with questionnaires and relevant definitions and guidelines for the data collection.

• The survey frame include all Faculties,

Department , Institutions, units comes under the S&T sector

Higher Education Sector: Higher Education Sector:


Data Collection Methodology Contd.

• Private sector Higher Education Institutes, all R&D Institutes, S&T service sector institutes and other government institutions involve in S&T activities are collected by NSF/STPRD staff by visiting the institutions and following

a. Direct interview method

b. Training appointed person from the particular institution and

collecting information through that contact person (An honorarium

payment is made to this contact person)

c. Directly employing questionnaire mailing method and giving

guidelines for data collection through e-mail/over the phone

• Non profit sector data collection: is done by the staff of the STPRD/NSF though direct interview method and questionnaire mailing method.

• Private sector Higher Education Institutes, all R&D Institutes, S&T service sector institutes and other government institutions involve in S&T activities are collected by NSF/STPRD staff by visiting the institutions and following

a. Direct interview method

b. Training appointed person from the particular institution and

collecting information through that contact person (An honorarium

payment is made to this contact person)

c. Directly employing questionnaire mailing method and giving

guidelines for data collection through e-mail/over the phone

• Non profit sector data collection: is done by the staff of the STPRD/NSF though direct interview method and questionnaire mailing method.


Outsource data collection to the Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka.

Data collection done through direct interview method by enumerators trained by the NSF Staff.

Survey frame selected proportionately representing all Industrial categories.

Only 250 industries selected to conduct the survey. Data collection completed within two months period.

Outsource data collection to the Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka.

Data collection done through direct interview method by enumerators trained by the NSF Staff.

Survey frame selected proportionately representing all Industrial categories.

Only 250 industries selected to conduct the survey. Data collection completed within two months period.

Data collection Methodology Contd.

Business Enterprise sector data collection:Business Enterprise sector data collection:


Collecting Data of S&T Human Resources

1. Human resources involve in R&D (Researchers, Technicians /equivalent staff and Supporting staff)

2. Human resources involve in S&T related activities (S&T Scientists, Technicians and Supporting staff directly involve in S&T service activities )

1. Human resources involve in R&D (Researchers, Technicians /equivalent staff and Supporting staff)

2. Human resources involve in S&T related activities (S&T Scientists, Technicians and Supporting staff directly involve in S&T service activities )

Data collection done through two questionnaires

Data collection done through two questionnaires


Calculatting R&D Personnel (FTE)

• Method employed: Number of days spend on R&D work per week by person is asked in the questionnaire. If a person do work related to R&D more than 4 hours per day it taken as one day. If it is less than 4 hours that taken as ½ a day. Accordingly, the time spend on R&D per week is calculated and from that percentage of time per month on R&D work is calculated. This extrapolated for a different institutions and average number of person in each category working fulltime calculated accordingly.

• Method employed: Number of days spend on R&D work per week by person is asked in the questionnaire. If a person do work related to R&D more than 4 hours per day it taken as one day. If it is less than 4 hours that taken as ½ a day. Accordingly, the time spend on R&D per week is calculated and from that percentage of time per month on R&D work is calculated. This extrapolated for a different institutions and average number of person in each category working fulltime calculated accordingly.


Status of Sri Lankan S&T

Science and Technology Policy Research Division Science and Technology Policy Research Division

Indicators Developed

1. Input indicators in term of investment, expenditure and human resources in S&T.

2. Output indicators in term of publications,

patent and innovation

1. Input indicators in term of investment, expenditure and human resources in S&T.

2. Output indicators in term of publications,

patent and innovation

Measure S&T statistics in two termsMeasure S&T statistics in two terms

Science and Technology Policy Research Division Science and Technology Policy Research Division

Indicators of R&D Expenditure Indicators of R&D Expenditure

Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk

Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) in Sri Lanka

1966-2008Year GDP Per (Current price)Rs. million

GERDRs. Million(US$)

GERD as percentage of GDP

TotalPopulation million

GERD Per million population Rs. million

1966 7,529 20 (4.2) 0.30 11.5 1.7

1975 11,100 45(6.4) 0.40 13.5 3.3

1984 142,700 257.0 (9.7) 0.18 15.6 16.5

1993 499,800 649.0(13.1) 0.13* 17.6 36.8

1996 769,900 1,410.0 (23) 0.18 18.3 77.0

2000 1,258,000 1,810.0 (22.9) 0.14* 18.4 98.4

2004 1,800,750 3,807.5 (40.9) 0.21 19.4 196.2

2006 2,939,000 5,119.19 (47.9) 0.17 19.8 258.5

2008 4,410,682 5,047.73 (46.1) 0.11 20.2 249.9Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7 , Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk Science and Technology Policy Research Division, National Science Foundation, Colombo 7 , Sri Lanka. www.nsf.ac.lk

Gross Expenditure on R&D

0.3

0.4

0.18

0.13

0.18

0.14

0.21

0.17

0.11

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1966 1975 1984 1993 1996 2000 2004 2006 2008

Exp

endi

ture

(Rs. M

illio

n)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

GERD

as Pe

rcen

tage

of G

DP

GERD

GERD%


National expenditure on R&D by source of

funding Source of funding Recurrent Capital Total

Government 3,078.79 545.62 3,624.41

(61.0%) (10,82) (71.8%)

Private 814.54 189.47 1,004.01

(16.1%) (3.8%) (19.9%)

Foreign 171.91 43.61 215.58

(3.4%) (0.9%) (4.3%)

Other 159.27 44.46 203.73

(3.2%) (0.9%) (4.0%)

Total 4,224.57 823.16 5,047.73


Source: R&D Survey 2008

National Expenditure on R&D

1996-2008



National Expenditure on R&D

by sector 2004-2008

Year



National expenditure on R&D (GERD) by nature of

research activities 2004-2008



GERD by Discipline



S&T Human Resources


Science and Technology Personnel (STP)2004-2006

STP Include all Scientists a Technologists, Technicians, Supporting Staff involve in S&T research, Service and Management activities



Number of R&D Scientists and Technicians (Head

counts) by Sector 2006-2008



Distribution of R&D scientists (FTE) by Sector 2004-2008



Performance Indicators for Science and

Technology

Performance Indicators for Science and

Technology


Number of patents registered in Sri Lanka

1997-2008Year Resident Non resident

Total

1997 65 96 161

1998 44 97 141

1999 78 101 179

2000 59 69 128

2001 71 104 175

2002 62 56 118

2003 59 53 112

2004 99 91 190

2005 103 85 188

2006 68 69 137

2008 89 70 159



Publications trends in the SCI journals by Sri Lankan

Scientists in 2004-2008



Use of S&T Indicators in

Sri Lanka

• National Science Foundation for selecting priority areas for funding R&D, human resource development, facilitating Industry Institute partnership (IIP) and technology transfer activities etc.

• S&T Policy Planning activities and formulating S&T strategic plan by the Ministry of Research and Technology.

• National Science Foundation for selecting priority areas for funding R&D, human resource development, facilitating Industry Institute partnership (IIP) and technology transfer activities etc.

• S&T Policy Planning activities and formulating S&T strategic plan by the Ministry of Research and Technology.


S&T Indicators use by:

Use of S&T Indicators in Sri Lanka

• Use by Ministry of Finance & Planning for devoting funds for S&T activities and human resource development.

• Use by higher education sector for human resource training.

• Use for academic purposes. • STPRD/NSF submit data to UIS since

2004.

• Use by Ministry of Finance & Planning for devoting funds for S&T activities and human resource development.

• Use by higher education sector for human resource training.

• Use for academic purposes. • STPRD/NSF submit data to UIS since

2004.


Problems associated with collecting

information for R&D Survey • Lack of awareness of people on the

importance of having S&T statistics and lack of inadequate knowledge to use it for planning purposes etc.

• Reluctance of the people to give information specially concerning budgetary information.

• Lack of awareness of people on the importance of having S&T statistics and lack of inadequate knowledge to use it for planning purposes etc.

• Reluctance of the people to give information specially concerning budgetary information.


Problems associated with collecting information for

R&D Survey • Difficulty in demarcating boundaries

between R&D, Innovation and manufacturing in the industrial sector.

• Difficulty in categorizing industries into the disciplines use in higher education, S&T Service and R&D sectors (e.g. natural science, Engineering Technology etc.).

• Difficulty in demarcating boundaries between R&D, Innovation and manufacturing in the industrial sector.

• Difficulty in categorizing industries into the disciplines use in higher education, S&T Service and R&D sectors (e.g. natural science, Engineering Technology etc.).


Acknowledgments Acknowledgments

• UNESCO Institute of Statistics • UNESCO Kathmandu• Ministry of Science and Technology, Nepal• Director and Management Board of the National

Science Foundation • Head/ Science and Technology Policy Research

Division

• UNESCO Institute of Statistics • UNESCO Kathmandu• Ministry of Science and Technology, Nepal• Director and Management Board of the National

Science Foundation • Head/ Science and Technology Policy Research

Division


•THANK YOU !

Science and Technology Indicators of Sri Lanka Dr. P.R.M.P. Dilrukshi Science and Technology Policy...

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