Science

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

Chapter 1: Being a scientist

Science equipment wordfind1.1A N S W E R S

Answers 1 TRIPOD 2 CYLINDER 3 PEG 4 SAFETY GLASSES 5 GAS JAR 6 THERMOMETER 7 SPATULA

8 GAUZE MAT 9 DROPPER10 TONGS11 BEAKER12 CRUCIBLE13 BUNSEN BURNER14 CONICAL FLASK

15 FUNNEL16 STIRRING ROD17 RETORT STAND18 TEST TUBE19 TEST TUBE BRUSH20 HEAT

R H S U R B E B U T T S E T W K

X T E T L E N N U F L O R E N C E T

W S A F E T Y G L A S S E S C R Z

H W W W V I D O R G N I R R I T S

A R E T E M O M R E H T C A W C T N

D O P I R T B Z O T N H S N K Y L E

D R O P P E R L E J T G D V E L D L

R R V R A J S A G A D S S P I C B

H E O I Q R T A H E A T N E R N G I

Q K I P G V E T W N O G G L D A C

T A I U T D N A T S T R O T E R U

O E Q U G A U Z E M A T K E R U R

N B B B Q S P A T U L A S I A T H C

G E C O N I C A L F L A S K N E I

S F R H R E N R U B N E S N U B X


Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.SCI1 on CD © Pearson Education Australia 2002. This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

Answers to worksheets

Identifying science equipment

58

1.2A N S W E R S

thermometer

safety glasses

brass tongs

test tube

test tubeholder

spatulas

conical flask-

bosshead

clamp

test tube rack

beaker

bench mat

Bunsen burner

evaporating dish

clay triangle

crucible and lidwatch glass

retort stand

tripod and gauze mat

retort stand,bosshead and clamp measuring cylinder

Identifying science equipment1.2A N S W E R S



Metric units of measurement1.4A N S W E R S

Biggest Smallest

hhours

× 60 to get

minminutes

× 60 to get

sseconds

1 a 7 km = 7000 mb 62 m = 620 cmc 3 cm = 30 mmd 5000 m = 5 kme 60 cm = 0.6 mf 3000 mm = 300 cmg 2.5 km = 2500 mh 0.75 m = 750 cmi 30.2 cm = 302 mmj 40 m = 0.04 kmk 350 cm = 3.5 ml 25.9 mm = 2.59 cm

2 a 4 t = 4000 kgb 62 kg = 62 000 gc 2 g = 2000 mgd 9000 kg = 9 t

e 30 000 g = 30 kgf 8000 mg = 8 gg 1.5 t = 1500 kgh 0.62 kg = 620 gi 2.2 g = 2200 mgj 200 kg = 0.2 tk 150 g = 0.15 kgl 105.7 mg = 0.1057 g

3 a 80 ML = 80 000 Lb 33 L = 33 000 mLc 90 000 L = 90 MLd 2000 mL = 2 Le 19.5 ML = 19 500 Lf 0.15 L = 150 mLg 74 L = 0.074 MLh 350 mL = 0.35 L

4 Time

5 a 3.5 h = 210 minutesb 45 min = 0.75 hc 120 s = 2 mind 30 min = 1800 se 2.25 h = 8100 sf 3600 s = 1 h



Being a scientist crossword1.6A N S W E R S

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Sci-words1.7A N S W E R S

Unit 1.1: Safety—before we startWord Cluecorrosive A substance that will burn skinpoisonous Dangerous, toxicacid A dangerous chemical, corrosiverules We are safer if we follow them

Unit 1.2: What is science?Word Clueexperiment A test run to answer a scientific questionfive senses We use them to make observationssight The most important sensesmell, taste & touch It is often too dangerous to use these senses in an experimentobservations You use your senses to make theseconclusion A short summary of what you found out in an experiment

Unit 1.3: ObservingWord Cluequalitative A descriptive observationquantitative An observation involving numbersmeasurements These increase the accuracy of our observationsinference A logical explanationprediction What may happen in the future

Unit 1.4: EquipmentWord Cluemeasuring cylinder Used to measure an amount of liquid accuratelybeaker Used to heat large amounts of liquidtest tube Used to heat small amounts of liquidsafety glasses Worn for safetycross-section A diagram showing equipment split down the middle

Unit 1.5: ReportingWord Cluescientific report A written explanation of an experimentaim What you intend to do in an experimenthypothesis An educated guess of what you may find outapparatus Equipment you are to useprocedure The method you will follow in an experimentresults Observations and measurements, usually presented in a tablediscussion & analysis Graphs are included here, as are problems encountered and what you did to overcome themconclusion What was found out in the experiment



Unit 1.6: MeasurementWord Cluemeasurements Taken to improve the accuracy of observationsmetric system The unit system used by scientistsimperial system The unit system used in the USA and by older peoplemistake Something in an experiment that could have been avoided with careerror Something in an experiment that could not have been avoided even with carereading error The error made when a measurement falls between the markings on an instrumentbeam balance An instrument used to measure massmass The amount of matter in an object

Unit 1.7: Working scientificallyWord Cluevariable A factor that may affect an experimentfroth Produced by detergentfactor Another name for ‘variable’accident Discoveries are sometimes made by _____fair A test should be _____

Unit 1.8: Using a Bunsen burnerWord ClueBunsen burner Used in the laboratory for heatingcollar Used to control the airflow into a Bunsen burnerairhole Needs to be open to make a blue flamesafety flame A yellow, dirty and ‘cool’ flametripod & gauze mat A stand and mat used to hold a beaker or flask over a Bunsen burnerretort stand, boss head & clamp A tall stand often used to hold things over a Bunsen burnercrucible & lid Used to heat small amounts of solid

Sci-words—page 21.7A N S W E R S


Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

The story of Robert Brown2.1A N S W E R S

1 Name the scientist who was the first to observe moving pollen grains.

Robert Brown

2 Name the scientist who successfully explained the observations.

Albert Einstein

3 State how many years there were between the observation, the theory and the conclusion.

78 years

4 Describe Brown’s first explanation for the movement of the pollen grains.

The grains were alive and could move themselves.

5 Brown repeated his experiments to try to disprove his first explanation. Identify the materials he used to do this.

He used various products of organic bodies, even coal dust

6 Suggest a reason why pollen and fine powdered dust move in water.

They are being hit by randomly moving water particles.

7 Identify who finally used Brown’s observations to prove the existence of atoms and molecules.

French physicist Jean-Baptiste Perrin

8 State the name of the theory that explains Brown’s observations.

Brownian motion

9 Explain what you think a theory is.

A theory is an explanation or model using what we have found out by observing and experimenting. It can be tested and used to explain and predict other natural phenomena.

10 Summarise the theory of Brownian motion in your own words.

Brownian motion is the constant movement of particles caused by them being bumped by other particles in air or water.


1 Match the three diagrams to the three observations listed below.Observation 1: CObservation 2: BObservation 3: A

2 Using the observations listed in question 1, predict what will happen to the size of a solid if you heat it.It will increase in size.

3 Draw a diagram to show your prediction in question 2. Use the three diagrams above as a guide.

Diagrammatic answer required.

States of matter2.2A N S W E R SChapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases



Expansion graphs2.3A N S W E R S

1 Plot the above information on the graph below, and draw a line of best fit for each metal.

2 As with any experiment, readings are not necessarily perfectly exact. If they were exact, suggest how the graph would have been different.The lines would pass through each point.

3 Calculate the slope of each graph by measuring the rise and run of a section of each line of best fit.Iron 0.025 (answers will vary), copper 0.035 (answers will vary), aluminium 0.051 (answers will vary)

4 Divide each slope by 2 to find the expansion per metre for every degree rise in temperature.Iron 0.0125, copper 0.0175, aluminium 0.02551

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Temperature (°C)

Expansion of metals

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Density calculations2.4A N S W E R S

Density D (g/cm3) mass m (g) Volume V (cm3)

5 25 5

15 60 4

4 36 9

5 100 20

12 84 7

5 65 13

16.25 260 16

2.4 12 5

6.33 38 6

12.5 562 45


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Unit 2.1: The particle modelWord Cluemodel Used to explain certain behaviourmatter Anything that takes up space and has massphase Another word for ‘state’solid State of matter that has a fixed shapeliquid Bonds between particles in this are weakgas Will completely fill a containerbonds Hold particles together. incompressible Cannot be squashed into less spacemotion Brownian _______diffusion How gases move through a roommembrane We detect smells when particles dissolve here

Unit 2.2: Changes of stateWord Cluemelting Sold changing to liquidpoint The melting _____ of ice is 0°Csolidification Another word for freezingfreezing Liquid changing to solidboiling Bubbles escape the surface of a heated liquidvaporisation Evaporationcondensation Gas changing to a liquidsublimation Gas changing directly to a solid

Unit 2.3: ExpansionWord Clueexpand Get biggercontract Get smallerconcrete Has the same expansion rate as steelbimetallic Type of strip that bends when heatedsag Power lines ___ more on hot daysthermometer Use expanding liquid to give a temperature readingmercury Metal that is a liquid at room temperatureice Less dense than water at 4°Cpressure Gases in containers exert more ________ at higher temperatures

Unit 2.4: DensityWord Cluemass Often measured in grams or kilogramsvolume The amount of space something takes updensity Mass divided by volumecylinder A measuring ________ can be used to find the volume of an objectgrams Units of masskilograms Units for large massescubic _____ centimetres are units of volumefloat An object will _____ if it is less dense than the liquid it is insalt ____ water is more dense than fresh waterwater Has a density of 1.0




Use the following key to draw diagrams representing the types of mixtures indicated. The first one has been done for you.

Chapter 3: Mixtures

Representing mixtures3.1A N S W E R S

Particle of a solid that dissolves to form a clear mixture

Key

Particle of a solid that dissolves to form an opaque mixture

Particle of a solid within an emulsion

Particle of a solid that settles out of a liquid

Particle of a liquid solvent

Particle of another liquid

Particle of a gas


Types of mixtures wordfind

Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.2A N S W E R S

SCI1 on CD © Pearson Education Australia 2002. This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

Answers to worksheets

Types of mixtures wordfind

63

3.2A N S W E R S

B Q T M S B C O F F E E S H R

S E M U L S I O N Z T N I A P

Z X O X Z E M O X C K F H C T

D I E P A U I A S W A E M U A

L I S U T T G T E F O A M E R

X E O M U N G O K R D B D K R

I N M L O G E F P L C S O V A

N Q O O L K O G L E I V O Y Y

B S A K N O E F R T T M L A B

H R Z J J A C I H E W R B C T

P N N E O J D Q A L T B O V S

V I N K L Z X E Q F S E H L I

N O I S N E P S U S X A D O M

P D I S I N F E C T A N T N Y

H O J E L L Y T U Y S O L F H

WordlistBLOOD FOAM PAINTCOFFEE FOG PETROLCOLLOID INK SMOKECREAM JELLY SOLDETERGENT LEMONADE SOLUTIONDISINFECTANT MILK SUSPENSIONEMULSION MIST YARRA


Application of filtering at home

Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.3A N S W E R S

1 In the diagrams, the filtering devices have different-sized holes. Explain why the teabag has different-sized holes to the ones in the deep fry basket.

Chips are much larger than tea leaves, so a deep fry basket does not need such small holes.

2 For each filtering device shown above, list what goes through the ‘filter’.

teabag – water and dissolved tea; sink plug hole – water; deep fry basket – fat/oil; flour sieve – flour; colander – water; slotted spoon – water or oil; fly screen – air

3 For each filtering device shown above, list what is trapped or stopped by the ‘filter’.

teabag – tea leaves; sink plug hole – food scraps; deep fry basket – chips; flour sieve – lumps of flour; colander – vegetables; slotted spoon – pasta or vegetables; fly screen – flies, leaves and dirt

4 Fly screen mesh could be used for other purposes. List three items that could be replaced with fly screen mesh.

flour sieve, colander, slotted spoon

5 Order each filtering device by the size of the holes, from largest to smallest.

sink plug hole; slotted spoon, deep fry basket, colander, fly screen, flour sieve, tea bag

6 Compare the shape of the holes used to filter materials and group as irregular or regular. In the regular group, what shapes do we find?

Irregular – sing plug hole, slotted spoon Regular – deep fry basket, colander, fly screen, flour sieve, teabag Square, rectangular and circles

7 Sometimes you will find small dark specks in the bottom of your teacup after using a teabag. Describe a reason why this may occur.

The holes in the paper filter used for the tea bag are larger than the tea leaf dust. Therefore these can pass out of the teabag into the cup.


Using chromatography

Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.4A N S W E R S

1 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used only one pure colour dye in their material.

Button up

2 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used a mixture of two colour dyes in their material.

Sleeveless

3 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used a mixture of four colour dyes in their material.

Big shirt and The shirt company

4 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used the same colour dye in their material as was found at the crime scene.

Collars

5 The scientists did not use water as a solvent when they carried out their tests. Explain why they did not use water.

The dye used is not soluble in water.

6 The students at this school also wear blue shirts. Explain how you could prove that the material found at the scene was not from a student shirt.

Perform a chromatography test on a number of pieces from various brands of school shirts worn at the high school and compare with the sample from the crime scene. (More able students may point out that the suspect’s shirt could be made by the same maker as the school shirts.)

7 If the police find a suspect who owns a blue shirt that has been repaired, describe what they could do to check whether they have caught the thief.

Remove a sample from the suspect’s shirt and test it against the sample from the crime scene. The chromatography results from the suspect should match the sample from the crime scene.


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Mixtures crossword

Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.6A N S W E R S


Sci-words

Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.7A N S W E R S

Unit 3.1: Types of mixturesWord Cluemixture Not a pure substancesolution Particles spread throughout a clear liquidsolute Dissolves to form a solutionsolvent Used to dissolve substancesdilute Weakconcentrated Strongsoluble Will dissolveinsoluble Won’t dissolvesaturated No more substance can be dissolved in a _____ solutionsuspension Settles out if leftsediment Substance that settles outcolloid Won’t settle out, but not clearemulsion Milk is an example of one of thesefoam Type of colloid with gas mixed with liquid

Unit 3.2: Separating insoluble substancesWord Cluedecanting Tipping carefully to remove liquid without sedimentsieving Separates different-sized particlesfilter Only very small particles pass through thispanning Type of gravity separationcentrifuge Spins rapidly to separate mixturesmagnetic Type of separation methodelectrostatic _____ precipitators are used in chimneysfroth _____ flotation is used to separate mineralsgangue Waste product in mineral separationliberation Early stage of mineral separation

Unit 3.3: Separating soluble substancesWord Clueevaporation May be used to separate salt from waterdistillation Used to separate substances from crude oilpetrol May be obtained from crude oilcrystals Left after evaporationabsorption Gas masks use _____ to remove substances from a mixturesilica Type of gel used to remove moisturemedium Filter paper is a _____ used to separate colourschromatography Method of colour separation

Unit 3.4: Water supply and sewageWord Cluereservoir Large body of waterchlorine Chemical used to kill germsfluoride Helps fight tooth decay


Sci-words—page 2

Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.7A N S W E R S

lime Used to adjust acidity of watersoda Used to adjust acidity of waterelectrolytes Added to water to cause flocculationcatchment Area where rainfall is collected for water suppliesservice Type of artificial reservoirsewage Waste water produced by humanssewerage Network of pipes etc used to transfer waste wateractivated _____ sludge processaeration Early stage of sewage treatmentsettling Sludge falls to bottom of the _____ tankfertiliser Useful by-product of sewage treatment


Cell diagrams

Chapter 4: Cells

4.1A N S W E R S

animal cell – see Figure 4.2.5 in Science Focus 6plant cell – see Figure 4.2.7 in Science Focus 6

Single-celled organisms

Chapter 4: Cells

4.2A N S W E R S

See Figure 4.3.9 in Science Focus 6


The human skeleton

Chapter 4: Cells

4.4A N S W E R S


Cells crossword

Chapter 4: Cells

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Sci-words

Chapter 4: Cells

4.6A N S W E R S

Unit 4.1: The microscopeWord Cluemicroscope Used to view tiny specimenscompound Type of microscopeJanssen Father and son inventors of the microscopeLippershey One of the inventors of the microscopeHooke Designed a prototype of the modern microscopeeyepiece Top part of microscopefocus Do this to obtain a clear imagestage Where a specimen is placedobjective Lens just above specimenlens Part of a microscopeclips Hold slides on the stagemirror Used to direct light through a hole in the stagebase Bottom of the microscopemagnification Describes how large an image can bespecimen What is placed on a slide on the stage of a microscopeimage What you see through a microscopescanning The S in SEM

Unit 4.2: Plant and animal cellsWord ClueHooke First used the term ‘cells’ to describe parts of corkcells Building blocks of lifeorganism Living thingbacteria Simple type of cells with no nucleuscell wall Boundary of a plant cellcytoplasm Fluid inside a cellnucleus Control centrevacuole Storage areaphotosynthesis How plants make their own foodchloroplasts Where photosynthesis occurschlorophyll Green chemicalsap Cell _____ is inside a vacuole

Unit 4.3: Specialised cellsWord Clueunicellular Organisms made of only one cellmulticellular Organisms made of many cellsblood _____ carries food and oxygen around the bodymuscle Long cells that can stretch and contractnerve Cells that carry messagesbrain Sends messages to musclesskin _____ cells cover our bodybone _____ cells help support our bodyfat Cells that insulate


Sci-words—page 2

Chapter 4: Cells

4.6A N S W E R S

sperm Male sex cellegg Female sex cellprotists Single-celled organismsciliates Have tiny hairs that beat to produce movementflagellates Have a long, whip-like tailsporozoans Exist in other cellsbinary _____ fissionChlamydomonas Single-celled organism that can survive severe droughtEuglena Single-celled organismstomata Openings on lower side of leafguard Cells used to control opening and closing of small holes in a leafroot Water is absorbed by _____ hair cells

Unit 4.4: Groups of cellsWord Cluetissue Group of similar cellsorgan Tissue groups together to form an _____heart Organ that pumpsskin Organ that covers our bodybrain Organ that is part of the nervous systemintestines Organs involved in digestionkidneys Humans have two of these organseyes Humans have two of these sense organssystem Group of organsnervous System that includes the braincirculatory Blood systemdigestive System that includes the stomachreproductive System that produces sex cellsrespiratory System that includes the lungsurinary Waste removal system


Energy changes

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

5.1A N S W E R S

1 Energy transformations:a A gas oven – chemical to heatb A computer – electrical to light and soundc A food blender – electrical to kinetic and soundd Opening a can of soft drink – potential to sound and kinetice Jumping on a trampoline – elastic to kinetic to gravitational potential etc.f Dropping a ball – gravitational to kinetic to gravitational etc.g A match being lit – chemical to heat and lighth A roller coaster going downhill – gravitational potential to kinetici A roller coaster going uphill – kinetic to gravitational potentialj A wind turbine – kinetic to electricalk Playing a CD player – chemical (to electrical and kinetic) to sound



Other temperature scales5.2A N S W E R S

1 What do you notice about the values in the Kelvin column compared to those in the Celsius and Fahrenheit columns?They are all positive.

2 Plot a graph of Celsius versus Fahrenheit for Celsius temperatures between –100 and 100.Draw a straight line through the plotted points.

3 Plot a graph of Celsius versus Kelvin for Celsius temperatures between –100 and 100.Draw a straight line through the plotted points.

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–250

–20 40–40 60–60 80–80 100°C

°F

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20–20 40–40 60–60 80–80 100–100


Other temperature scales—page 2


5.2A N S W E R S

4 °C °F K

15 59 288

21.1 70 294.1

573 1063.4 300

12.8 55 285.8

–150 –238 123

373 703.4 100


Applications of laser light5.3A N S W E R S

1 Identify three properties of a laser beam.

It is a narrow, intense and single-coloured beam of light.

2 Explain how we can see a beam of light from a laser.

Some of the light from the beam bounces off the dust in the air.

3 State what the letters of the word ‘laser’ stand for. (These types of words are called acronyms.)

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

4 State when the first working lasers were constructed, and by whom.

Theodore Maiman in 1960

5 Describe the features that make lasers very useful in medicine.

The pinpoint beam of a laser can be focused very accurately on a target and make fine cuts.

6 Explain why lasers have been used successfully in eye surgery.

They are very accurate and can remove very small amounts of tissue.

7 Identify three medical uses for lasers.

Fine cuts, cure common sight problems, and clean out blocked arteries

8 Describe what stores use lasers for.

To instantly find the price and information of the purchase by scanning the barcode

9 Every credit card contains a special photograph made by a laser. Identify what this photograph is called.

It is called a hologram.

10 Explain how a laser is used in a CD or DVD player.

The CD or DVD spins over the laser head, which ‘reads’ the tiny pits in the surface and converts them into digital code. This code is converted into music or pictures or both.


The sonic spectrum


5.5A N S W E R S

1 Sound

Frequency (Hz) Intensity level (dB) Category

100 20 Inaudible

200 40 Audible

1000 60 Speech

2000 120 Pain

10 000 50 Music

20 000 30 Inaudible

500 90 Music

4000 50 Speech

2 Various answers – some examples are:a Inaudible 50 Hz, 20 dB 20 Hz, 100 dBb Music 50 Hz, 70 dB 10 000 Hz, 60 dBc Speech 400 Hz, 70 dB 5000 Hz, 50 dBd Painful 1000 Hz, 130 dB 15 000 Hz, 140 dB

Morse code


5.6A N S W E R S

1 a Morse code is named after its inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse.b Camels store fat in their humps not water.c A blue whale call may travel several thousand kilometres.


Heat, light and sound crossword


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Unit 5.1: EnergyWord Cluework Energy has the ability to do _____potential _____ energy is stored energykinetic _____ energy is moving energyjoule The unit of energySun The source of all energy on Earthconserved All energy is _____destroyed Energy cannot be created or _____chemical Another form of energy

Unit 5.2: HeatWord Clueheat _____ may be transferred three waysconduction Heat transfer involving vibrating particlesconvection Hot air rises due to _____radiation Heat from the Sun reaches us this wayparticles Small parts of a substancesolid One of the states of matterliquid A _____ conducts heat better than a gasgas Air is an example of a _____insulator A poor conductorglazed Windows are sometimes double _____batt Type of insulation used in some buildingssmoke Indicates convection currentsbreeze Occurs at night due to differences in land and sea temperatureinfra-red Radiated heatabsorption Black objects are good at thisreflection Occurs at shiny surfacesfire A source of heat

Unit 5.3: LightWord Cluelight _____ travels at 300 000 000 metres per secondSun Source of heat and light for the Earthsky Scatters blue light more than other coloursluminous Gives out light without heatnon-luminous Not light-emittingincandescent Emits light with heatbioluminescent Describes a living thing that emits lightshadow Can be sharp or fuzzyumbra Full shadowpenumbra Partial shadowdiffuse Irregular reflection

Sci-words


5.8A N S W E R S



Sci-words—page 25.8A N S W E R S

regular Type of reflectionincidence Angle of _____reflected Bounced backnormal Line that meets mirror at right anglesray _____ of lightmirror Reflects lightplane A _____ mirror has a flat surfacevirtual Not realperiscope Device for seeing above eye levellateral _____ inversion produces mirror writinginverted Upside down or back to front

Unit 5.4: SoundWord Cluesound Caused by vibrationvacuum No air (or anything else)eardrum Detects soundvibration Back and forth movementwave Series of compressions and rarefactionslongitudinal Longways (type of wave)thunder Heard after lightningecho Reflected soundsonar Sound navigation and rangingultrasonic Type of sound wave that cannot be heard by humansultrasound Used to check development of unborn babiesdolphin Animal that uses echolocationreverberation A rapid echooscilloscope Device for displaying graphs of pressure caused by soundmusic Pleasant soundcolumn A clarinet produces sound using a vibrating _____ of airair Speed of sound in _____ is about 330 metres per secondstring Vibrates to produce sound in a guitarresonate Vibrate at the same frequency as a nearby vibrationdecibels Used to measure sound levels


Sifting and sorting

Chapter 6: Classification

6.1A N S W E R S

Kingdom Animal kingdom

Phylum Chordata

(includes vertebrates)

Class Reptilia

(reptiles)

Order Squamata

(scaly reptiles)

Suborder Sauria

(lizards)

Family Skincidae

(skinks)

Genus Tiliqua

(blue-tongued skinks)

Species Tiliqua rugosa

(stumpy tail lizard)


Scientific naming


6.2A N S W E R S

1 Use the above names to find the meaning of Phascolarctos cinereus. Identify the unique Australian animal that has this scientific name.

Pouch, grey, bear. Koala.

2 Describe what you think an eriovisus might be.

Woolly sheep

3 You have just found an entomonisulcata in the garden. Explain what this is.

A digging insect

4 Propose a scientific name for a lizard with a very pointed tongue.

Acoceglossusauros

5 Propose a name for a new species of monkey that you have discovered, that only has three fingers on each hand.

Tridactylpithecus

6 Would an Odormalusauros make a good pet? Explain your answer.

No. It is a bad-smelling lizard.

7 Explain what you think the word ‘dinosaur’ means, using the above words.

Terrible lizard

8 What would the following animal look like?

Malusodorusobesusdactylosaurus

Bad-smelling fat fingered lizard.

9 You are the discoverer of five new animals. Give a description and scientific name for each of your animals.

Students to propose own answers.

10 Draw a diagram of one of your new animals on the following page.

Students to draw own diagram.


Fish

WormsMolluscsArthropodsCnidarians

MammalsBirdsReptilesAmphibians

Ver

teb

rate

s

Jelly

fish

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Sorting animals


6.3A N S W E R S


Classification crossword


6.4A N S W E R S

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2 3 4

6

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C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

M O N O T R E M E

E N D O T H E R M I C

F E R T I L E

A U T O T R O P H

S P E C I E S

P L A C E N T A LA M P H I B I A N S

H E T E R O T R O P H

LASSIFICATION

ES

IRATION

B

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BIRD

VERTEBRAT

TAXONO

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PARASITI

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Sci-words


6.5A N S W E R S

Unit 6.1: Being aliveWord Cluecharacteristics Typical qualities of somethingcellular respiration Reaction that produces energyautotroph Produces its own foodheterotroph Feeds on other plants and animalsphotosynthesis Reaction of plants to produce foodendotherm Warm-blooded animalectotherm Cold-blooded animalexcretion Removal of wastes

Unit 6.2: From kingdom to speciesWord Clueclassification Process of putting similar things in groupstaxonomist Person who puts things into groupskingdom Largest group of organismsspecies Small division of organismssterile Cannot reproducefertile Can reproducekey Representation of a classification system

Unit 6.3: Animal classificationWord Cluestructural Physical featureschordates Animals with backbonesvertebrate Animal with backbone of vertebraeamphibians Class that frogs belong tobirds Animals with feathersplacental mammal Type of mammalmonotreme Platypus is onepolyp Cnidarian attached to a rockexoskeleton External skeletonparasitic Feeds off other animals

Unit 6.4: Plants and other kingdomsWord Cluebotany Study of plantsvascular bundles Groups of conducting cellsfruit Part of flower that contains seedsprotists Kingdom that includes seaweeds


Skateboarding forces – the ollie

Chapter 7: Forces

7.2A N S W E R S

Questions 1 a List the four forces that are applied to the skateboard in normal riding. Include the direction of each.

Weight of the rider and board – DOWN Force of the ground on the skateboard wheels – UP The force moving the skateboard – FORWARD The force of friction on the wheels – BACK

b Label these forces on the diagram above.

See Figure 7.3.6 of Science Focus 6.

2 The skateboard going at constant speed tells us something about these forces. What is it?

The forces are equal or balanced.

3 When the rear foot pushes down on the skateboard there are two forces. Name the action and the reaction force.

Action force – back foot pushing down Reaction force – ground exerting an upward force on the board

4 When the board starts to climb, are the forces balanced or unbalanced?

Unbalanced

5 What force is used when the front foot drags the board higher?

The force of friction

6 If both feet and the board are in contact when in the air, is there any force between them?

No – both are falling due to gravity.


Magnets

Chapter 7: Forces

7.5A N S W E R S

1 Draw the magnetic field lines for the following:a Around a bar magnet

NS

b When the north pole of a bar magnet comes near the south pole of another bar magnet

NN S S

c When the south poles of two bar magnets are placed near each other

SN S N

d When the north poles of two bar magnets are placed near each other

NS N S

e Around a horseshoe-shaped magnet

NS

2 One bar magnet is placed on the bench standing north end up. A second mar magnet is placed above the first magnet, north end down. Assume that the second magnet cannot fall off the first. Predict what will occur.

The top magnet will ‘float’ because the two are repelled.

3 Student research activity, various answers.


Forces crossword

Chapter 7: Forces

7.6A N S W E R S

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E L E C T R O M A G N E T

T E N S I O N

D O M A I N S

C O N T A C T

H E A T

A L N I C O

U N B A L A N C E D

N O N – C O N T A C TP O L I S H

B U O Y A N C YN E W T O N

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Sci-words

Chapter 7: Forces

7.7A N S W E R S

Unit 7.1: Forces – what are they?Word Clueforce It can push, pull or twistacceleration Speeding updeceleration Slowing downcontact A force that actually touches the objectnon-contact A force that does not touch, e.g. gravitynewton The unit for force, symbol Ncalibration Using a table to mark a scale correctlyelastic A material that will bounce back to shape after the force is stoppedinelastic A material that will be permanently distorted

Unit 7.2: Balanced and unbalanced forcesWord Cluebalanced These forces give no overall forceunbalanced These forces will cause acceleration, deceleration, change in direction or shapeNewton Gave us three laws of motionspeed Forces are balanced when a bike is going at constant _____.

Unit 7.3: Friction: slowing down and getting movingWord Cluefriction A force caused by one surface sliding over anotherheat Generated by frictionlubricant Something that will reduce frictionpolish or wet A method of smoothing a surface to reduce frictionball bearings Useful in reducing friction on wheels and axleshovercraft Uses a cushion of air to reduce frictiontraction Friction provides this ‘grip’ to allow movementslide & skid Happens when there is no ‘grip’

Unit 7.4: GravityWord Cluegravity A non-contact force that attracts objects to each othermass The amount of matter in an objectweight The pulling force of gravitybalance Measures masskilogram The metric unit for mass

Unit 7.5: Forces in waterWord Cluebuoyancy The upward force of water on a floating objectcohesion The attraction of water particles to each othersurface tension Cohesion at the surface of waterdensity A measure of the mass that fills a set volume


Sci-words—page 2

Chapter 7: Forces

7.7A N S W E R S

Unit 7.6: Magnetic forcesWord Cluemagnetic force A non-contact force due to magnetsalloy A mixture of fused metals, e.g. steelpoles The ends of a magnetlike North/north or south/southunlike North/southlodestone Another name for magnetitedomains Small magnetic regions that may align and create magnetism in ironaligned All in the same directionelectromagnet A magnet formed by an electrical currentpermanent Unlikely to lose its magnetismmagnetic field Region around a magnetcompass A small magnet used to find direction


Sunrise, sunset

Chapter 8: Earth and space

8.3A N S W E R S

1 Estimate current sunrise and sunset times for Cape Town.

Answers will vary depending on the time of year.

2 When is the earliest Cape Town sunrise?

0715 (7.15 a.m.)

3 When is the latest Cape Town sunset?

1930 (7.30 p.m.)

4 At what time of the year are there:a most hours of daylight each day in Cape Town? December and Januaryb least hours of daylight each day in Cape Town? June and July

Earth and space crossword


8.4A N S W E R S

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A U R O R A

N E P T U N E H I G H L A N D S

F L A R E D A Y R A D I A T I O N

E C L I P S E A R M S T R O N GC R A T E R

E Q U I N O X

S O L H E L I O C E N T R I CP H A S E S

M E R C U R Y

G R A V I T Y

A N N U L A RW I N D H E M I S P H E R E

P R O M I N E N C E

P Y T H A G O R A S

S O L S T I C E S L E A P

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Earth and space revision


8.5A N S W E R S

Note: Students are required to copy the correct explanation in full to column 3.

Fact Explanation

A It is light during the day and dark at night because the Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.

B The Astronomical Unit is used to measure the distances between planets

becausethe distances are very large and cannot be measured easily in other units.

C We have four seasons during the year because the Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5°.

D We call the current model of the solar system a heliocentric model because the Sun is at the centre of the solar system.

E We can see the Moon at night because it reflects the light from the Sun.

F Mercury is hotter than Earth because it is closer to the Sun than the Earth.

G Ancient civilisations only knew of six planets because those planets were visible with the naked eye.

H Galileo saw more than any other astronomer in the 1600s because he had built a telescope to look at the night sky.

I The Sun feels hotter in the summer months because

the southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun in the summer.

J The Sun looks much brighter than the other stars because

the Sun is a lot closer to Earth than any other star.


Sci-words


8.6A N S W E R S

Unit 8.1: The solar systemWord CluePythagoras Ancient Greek who thought the Sun orbited the EarthAristarchus first to place the Sun at the centre of the solar systemGalileo First to use a telescope to observe planetsgeocentric Earth-centredheliocentric Sun-centredsix Number of planets known to the ancientsMars The red planetVenus Hottest planetSaturn Gas giant with an impressive ring systemEarth The water planetJupiter Largest planetNeptune The ‘twin’ of UranusUranus First of the ‘modern’ planetsMercury Planet closest to the SunPluto The planet found in 1930, now called a ‘dwarf planet’asteroid The _____ belt is between Mars and Jupiterhydrogen Gas found in the atmosphere of several planetsmethane Gas that can give a planet a blue appearance

Unit 8.2: The SunWord Cluesol Another name for the SunAU Astronomical unitradiation Examples of this include UV, heat and lightnuclear _____ fusion produces helium and energysunspot Area not quite as hot as those around itflare Type of solar featureprominence Larger type of solar eruptionsolar wind Stream of particles from the Sunaurora Spectacular light displayannular Type of solar eclipsepartial Type of solar eclipse

Unit 8.3: Earth’s movement in spaceWord Clueday Light is received during the _____night Time of darknessorbit Path of planet around the Sunleap Type of year that has 366 daysseasons Caused by the tilt of the Earthhemisphere Half of the Earthsolstice Longest and shortest days occur then


Sci-words—page 2


8.6A N S W E R S

equinox Day and night are of equal length thenaxis Earth spins on its _____rotates What the Earth does on its axis

Unit 8.4: The MoonWord Cluecelestial Body found in spacelunar To do with the MoonArmstrong Astronaut who first walked on the Moongravity Weaker on the Moon than on Earthmaria Plains on the Moonhighlands Type of landscape on the Mooncrater Moon featureApollo Name of series of lunar missionsphases There are eight main _____ of the Moontides Caused by the attraction of the Mooneclipse Occurs when the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth

Cut-away Earth

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

9.1A N S W E R S

See Figure 9.1.1 in Science Focus 6.


Identifying rocks


9.2A N S W E R S

1 Description of rock sample A

Long rectangular grains, squashed.Grains range in size from small to medium.Two different minerals.

2 Description of rock sample B

Rounded grains, some semi-angular.Grains in two main sizes, large and small.All the same material.

3 Description of rock sample C

Rounded grains, all the same size, medium. All the same material.

4 Description of rock sample D

Interlocking grains of two different shapes.Grains in two main sizes, medium and large.Three different minerals.

5 Which of the samples is granite and what rock type is it?

D, igneous

6 Which of the samples is sandstone and what rock type is it?

C, sedimentary

7 Which of the samples is conglomerate and what rock type is it?

B, sedimentary

8 Which of the samples is marble and what rock type is it?

A, metamorphic

9 Name and sketch the rock that didn’t appear on page 1.

Shale, diagrammatic answer required.


The soil texture triangle


9.3A N S W E R S

2 Which type of soil is each of the following?a 60% sand, 10% silt, 30% clay – sandy clay loamb 20% sand, 60% silt, 20% clay – silt loamc 30% sand, 10% silt, 60% clay – clayd 45% sand, 10% silt, 45% clay – sandy clay

100 0

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Percentage sand

Perc

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lay

clay

sandyclay

siltyclay

sandyfoamfoamy

sandsand silt

sandyclay foam

clay foam silty clay foam

foam

silt foam


Cloud types


9.4A N S W E R S

8000

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5000

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(m)

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cirrus

cirrostratus

cirrocumulus

altostratus

altocumulus

cumulonimbus

cumulus

stratocumulus

nimbostratus

stratusfog


Our planet Earth wordfind


9.5A N S W E R SChapter reviewSkill: literacy, observationFind the words in the puzzle from the word list.

J R L T T L I T H O S P H E R E O H F C F P

J E K Z S A L Y D P W G J P C Q F C C O S U

P E B X I I A J E Y H J H R G M D S M M A C

D M T Z E H Y H O P H U U G H B U A C V N M

Z M G N V X E S M K O S Y J Y P G G C S D Q

I R W G B X R U Q M T L X J S M R L S M S K

I B E V U G S L U S T R E A A O O T E S T F

K X A G R E E N H O U S E D C U R T U B O B

E I T Q L M I N E R A L S K D E A G M A N A

R G H O J F N R N U J C S S A M V K D S E U

O S E C R K Q F D S V U Z K O Z O N E A H X

S E R G Q A Q N D J W T C R I V L V M L R I

I D V Q L I G N E O U S P Y C J I L B T S T

O I C E J H V T R Y P H Z N C Z U M M O H E

N M O R D C J W V P I L L O Q L L N X I L Q

F E R L F B B R L C P A A R L Y O Y E A U G

Y N E H A R D N E S S A X T Y K G N V V G N

W T R P E T R O L O G I S T E E T A E K A E

W K S W E A T H E R I N G P N S A G R T J I

R X G I A T E C T O N I C S G A Y V A C W S

D J J O R E S M B T R O P O S P H E R E N S

Y K S J S E D I M E N T A R Y I O N F X D B




Unit 9.1: Our EarthWord Cluecrust The thin layer of the Earth that we live onasthenosphere A moving layer of molten rock on which the lithosphere shiftsouter core The layer that gives the Earth its magnetic fieldinner core The layer at the centre of the Earthpoles The magnetic ‘ends’ of Earthmagnetic field The magnetic region around the Earthcosmic shield Provided by the magnetic field of the Earthcosmic rays Dangerous rays from the Sunplates Slabs of the lithosphere floating on the molten mantleconvection currents Moving currents of molten rock in the mantletheory of plate tectonics The theory that the continents and sections of the lithosphere are movinggeologist Scientist who studies rocks and the structure of the Earth

Unit 9.2: Rocks and mineralsWord Cluepetrologist A person who studies rocksmineralogy The study of mineralsmineral Naturally occurring substance with particular chemical compositionnative Mineral made from one metal elementcrystal Once thought to be ‘unmeltable’ icestreak Colour of powderlustre The way a mineral reflects lightcleavage Crystals break more easily along _____ planeshardness Measured using Mohs’ scalerock Made up of one or more mineralsore Elements may be profitably extracted from this

Unit 9.3: Types of rocksWord Cluemagma Molten material below the Earth’s surfacelava Molten material above the Earth’s surfaceigneous Rock type made from molten materialintrusive _____ rocks are below the Earth’s surfaceextrusive _____ rocks are above the Earth’s surfacesediment Forms of sedimentary rockchalk Type of sedimentary rockmetamorphic Rock type formed by heat and/or pressure applied to other rocksmarble Limestone may form thisstalactite Formed on a cave roof by dripping, mineral-rich waterweathering Rock may be broken down by _____cycle The rock _____ is used to explain how rocks are continually changingpaleontologist Scientist who studies fossils in sedimentary rocks


Sci-words—page 2


9.6A N S W E R S

Unit 9.4: Weathering and erosionWord Clueweathering The splitting of rocks into smaller pieceserosion When material is carried away by wind or watersediment The material that is carried away by erosionphysical weathering Mechanical weatheringdecomposition Chemical weatheringbiological weathering Caused by animals or plantsacid rain A type of rain caused by pollution

Unit 9.5: The atmosphereWord Clueatmosphere The gases that surround the Earthtroposphere The layer of gases that we live instratosphere A layer that contains the ozone layer and in which commercial aircraft flyexosphere The upper layer of the atmospheremeteor Shooting staroxygen The gas our bodies consumecarbon dioxide The gas our bodies expelnitrogen The most common gas in the atmosphereozone The layer that filters out most UV radiationforest depletion Cutting down vegetationfossil fuels Coal, oil, gas and petrol, which, when burnt, produce CO2visible light The light we seeinfra-red The part of sunlight that is heatultraviolet The part of radiation that causes sunburn and skin cancerchlorofluorocarbons Chemicals that deplete the ozone layer

Unit 9.6: WeatherWord Clueconvection The movement of air due to heating and coolingtrade winds The winds that circle the Earth due to its spin and the heating at the equatorevaporates When water changes from liquid to gascondenses When water changes from gas to liquidcyclone Hurricane or typhoonmeteorologist Scientist who studies the weather and atmosphere

Science

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