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Chapter 1

1) Science is a knowledge which studies nature and its aspects .2) The characteristics of science are:

a) Observable.

b) Testable.c) Measureable.d) Repeatable.e) Modifiable.

f) Verifiable.3) Biology is the study of organisms, which includes their structure,

functioning, origin, and evolution, interrelationships, classification anddistribution, so on.

4) Biology comes from two Latin words:a) Bios means living.b) Logos means knowledge.

5) Someone who is expert in science is scientist .6) The one who studies and dedicates his life to biology is a biologist .7) A biologist get knowledge by reading, observing organisms, and life

phenomenon directly.8) The observation is done by scientific attitude and systematic that named

science method.9) The examples of scientific attitude:

a) Be able to differentiate between fact and opinion.

b) Honest.c) Discipline.d) High curiosity.e) Opened to others opinions.

f) Responsibility.g) Cooperative.h) Objective.

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10) Steps of scientific method:a) Defining problem.b) Collecting supporting data for making hypothesis.c) Making hypothesis.d) Doing experiment.e) Analyzing data.

f) Making conclusion.11) Fact is the information which is obtained base on the existence of

evidence.

12) Opinion is a thought about an event.13) The supporting data can be collected from library research, facts, experts

opinion or the result of the previous research.14) Hypothesis is a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to

a scientific question .15) Hypothesis based on knowledge, the result of previous experiments and

other supporting data. 16) Variables in an experiment are:

a) Independent (manipulated) variable.b) Dependent (responding) variable.

17) Independent variable is a factor which is changed so it will affect to theresult of the experiment . Ex: Type of liquid fertilizer.

18) Dependent variable is factor which will be measured and observed asresponse to the independent variable . Ex:a) Plant height.b) The number of flowers.c) The weight of soybean.

19) Dependent variable depends on independent variable. 20) One other important aspect of a well-designed experiment is having a clear

operational definition.21) An operational definition is a statement that describes how to measure a

particular variable or define a particular term.

22) Conclusion is the summary of what the researcher or observer learnt andgot in an experiment.

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23) To make a conclusion, researchers have to consider the result ofexperiment data that must be accurate and valid.

24) The scientific skills:a) Observation.b) Grouping.c) Planning and conducting an experiment.d) Interpretation.e) Communicate an experiment result.

f) Asking questions.25) Observations can be divided into:

a) Qualitative observation.

b) Quantitative observation.26) Observation using senses called qualitative observation. Ex:

a) Smelling Differentiate the smell of fruits.

b) Tasting Differentiate many tastes of fruits.

c) Touching Touching the feathers of birds.

27) Observation by using devices is called quantitative observation .28) Tools for quantitative observation are scale, ruler, thermometer,

measuring glass.29) Grouping activity is usually done after student observe characteristics some

objects.

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Tools and thei r uses:

1. beaker glass- a liquid-measuring container2. forceps - holds or pick up small objects3. measuring cylinder - measures approximate volume of liquids4. droppers - for addition of liquids, drop by drop5. Glass funnels - for funneling liquids from one container to another, or for

filtering when equipped with filter paper.6. test tubes - for holding small samples or for containing small-scale reactions7. Loupe - to magnify details that are a little too small for the naked eye.8. Erlenmeyer Flask is used to heat and store liquids.9. The Mortar and Pestle are used to crush solids into powders for

experiments, usually to better dissolve the solids.

10. The testtube rack is used to hold testtubes while reactions happen in themor while they are not needed.11. Petri dish is used to grow various cultures.12. Tripod is used to hold items being heated by burners or other items.13. Dropping plates a plate for the liquids.