Schopenhauer_Metaphysics of Love

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Transcript of Schopenhauer_Metaphysics of Love

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February 22, 1788 in Danzig [Gdansk, Poland], died September 21,1860

University of Göttingen 1809-10 [Medicine, Philosophy]

University of Berlin 1811-13 [physics, psychology, astronomy, zoology, archaeology, physiology, history, literature and poetry]

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Lectured at the University of Berlin, 1820, where two years earlier, Hegel assumed Fichte’s prestigious philosophical chair › Fail---twice.

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The Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, 1813

The World as Will and Representation, 1819

On Vision and Colors, 1816

On the Will in Nature, 1836

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On the Freedom of Human Will, 1839 [awarded first prize from the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in Drontheim]

On the Foundations of Morality, 1840

Parerga and Paralipomena, 1851

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A pessimist; He was a follower of Kant's Idealist school.

“The cosmic will is wicked ... and the source of all endless suffering.“

Life is a painful process, relief for which, might be achieved through art or through denial.

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That permanent relief came through "the denial of the will to live, by the eradication of our desires, of our instincts, by the renunciation of all we consider worth while in practical life.”

Any little bits of happiness we might snatch would only make us that more miserable, such real and full happiness was not possible, “A Utopian Ideal which we must not entertain even in our dreams."

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He was a huge influence on: Einstein, Schrodinger, Tolstoy, Freud, Nietzsche, Wittgenstein, Popper, Wagner

Loves poodles.

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"[Women]are directly fitted for acting as the nurses and teachers of our early childhood by the fact that they are themselves childish, frivolous and short-sighted; in a word, they are big children all their life long." They are an "undersized, narrow-shouldered, broad-hipped and short legged race ... they have no proper knowledge of any; and they have no genius.“

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“Love drives a still greater number of people into the lunatic asylum.”

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“Every kind of love, however ethereal it may seem to be, springs entirely from the instinct of sex; indeed, it is absolutely this instinct, only in a more definite,

specialized, and perhaps, strictly speaking, more individualized form.”

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“Love determines nothing less than the establishment of the next generation. The existentia of these future people is conditioned by our instinct of sex in general.”

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“Love is of such high import because […] it has to secure the existence and special nature of the human race. Hence the will of the individual appears in a

higher aspect the will of the species.”

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The instinct of sex in a generalized form. An overwhelming biological drive to propagate the species. It desires life and continuance.

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The instinct of sex in an individualized form. An overwhelming attraction towards an individual for his/her desirable characteristics.

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“The purpose of every man in love is to beget a being of definite nature, and this is so verified by the fact that it is not mutual love but possession that is

essential.”

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“In the meeting of their yearning glances the life of a new being is kindled, and manifests itself as a well-organized individuality of the future.”

“If a man and a woman mutually, persistently, and decidedly dislike each other, it indicates that they could only bring into the world a badly organized, discordant, and unhappy being.” *Friendship.

The father’s will and character and mother’s intellect joins so that a being can be realized in the phenomenal.”

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“Nature attains her ends by implanting in the individual a certain illusion by which something which is in reality advantageous to the species alone seems to be

advantageous to himself.”

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“He strives for her with such ardour that he frequently, in order to attain his object, will sacrifice his happiness in life, in spite of all reason, by a foolish marriage, by some love-affair which costs him his fortune, honor, and life,

even by committing crimes.”

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“Love is an illusion like no other; it will induce a man to sacrifice everything he possesses in the world, in order to obtain this woman, who in reality will satisfy

him no more than any other.”

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“All amorous feeling immediately and essentially concentrates itself on health, strength, and beauty, and consequently, on youth.”

“The sense of beauty, which universally directs the instinct of sex, and without which the satisfaction of the latter would deteriorate to a repulsive necessity.”

“The more perfectly two individuals are fitted for each other the stronger will be their passion for each other.”

“A particular kind of woman must perfectly correspond with a particular kind of man.”

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Age: x old Health: x disease Skeleton: x

deformed Plumpness: x super

skinny A beautiful face

A woman frequently loves and ugly man,

albeit she never loves an

unmanly man, because she

cannot neutralize his

defects.

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Survey: Anong pipiliin mo? A. or B. Si Mermaid A ay mas maraming kayang gawin, while si Mermaid B ay lalagyan mo lng ng sako solb ka na ;)

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Each man loves what he himself is deficient in. *Neutralize

The most manly man will desire the most womanly woman. *One-sided sex

Complexion. *Brown Every man tries to find the corrective

of his own defects and aberrations. Temperament.

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-> Inconstant-> Decreases after a certain period= Nature aims at the preservation of the species, and consequently at as great an increase in it as possible

-> Increases the very moment it is returned-> Clings to one man= Nature compels her to take care of the supporter and protector of the future offspring.

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“The yearning of love makes us imagine that the possession of a certain woman will bring interminable happiness, and the loss of her, unspeakable pain; this longing and this pain does not arise form the ephemeral individual, but are, on the contrary, the sigh of the spirit of the species discerning the irreparable means if either gaining or losing its ends.”

= When he loses the beloved it is not he, but the species which is grieving.

“For being in the possession of the spirit of the species and controlled by it, he no longer belongs to himself.”

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“Love is based on an illusion and represents what is an advantage to the species as an advantage to the individual, the illusion necessarily vanishes directly

the end of the species has been attained.”

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“To marry means that either the interest of the individual or the interest of the species must suffer.”

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“Love is associated with the feeling of real friendship founded on harmony of sentiment, but this does not exist until the instinct of sex has been extinguished.”

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Is reproduction the only purpose of sex? Is loving infertile people (i.e. barren, terminally-

ill) and/or relationships (i.e. homosexual) an inferior brand of love?

Is possession a necessary condition to love? Without the mandate of the Will of the Species, is

it the case that, in reality, just any man/woman will satisfy us?

Do we find a “perfect” relationship or do we create it?

Are friends better lovers? Do opposites attract? Without sex, can love last?