UNCLASSIFIED

İslamic Sect

İslamic Sect

Hawarij Shia Sunni Mutazil

a

Kharijites

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- Marika& Muhakkime& Shurat, Ahl istiqamah

- Religious fundamentalism in literal interpretation of the Qur’an and hadith

-Participants to jamal and sıffın as kafir ( Azarica)

-The first opposition; Küfr-ü ni’mah and küfr-ü din& war with ashab-ı quud and other muslims(Necedat)

-Not permissible killing of women and childs’s opposition Although they are muskris(Sufris)

- Who commit great sin as ungrateful & permissible marriage with them & living single sect nowadays& Moderate (İbadites)

-Africa, Libya, Oman, Algeria,

-Two & Three milyon population

Khawarij

NajdatAzariq

aSufris

Ibadites

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SUNNI 85-90% of Muslims ahl as-sunnah wa l-jamāʻah; ahl athar;

Ahl haq; Sawad al- azam; Farka-ı najiyah& Shukkakiyah; Nasibah; Sıfatıyyah; Hashwiyya

İbn Küllab, Kerabisi, Muhasibi, Ash’ari, Bakıllani, Gazzali, İbn Furek (Ash'arite)

Evzai, Abdullah b. Mübarak, Malik, İbn Hambel, Berbahari, İbn Qudamah, Teymiyyah, Cavziyyah (Salafiyyah: ahl sunne al- khassa)

Abu Hanifah, Ebu Sülayman Cüzjani, Hakim al- Smarqandi, Maturidi, Pazdavi, Abu Muin Nasafi(Maturidiyyah )

Sunn

i SalafiyyaMaturidiyy

ah

Ash'arite 

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What are differents between sunni schools?

O 1) opposition to theology2) Intellect3) Philosophical arguments4) approach to religiuos text5) literalist

O - taqdis: believe Allah free from corporeality and the like;

O - tasdiq: believe that the Prophet was truthful in speaking these words, but in the manner in which he meant them;

O - i`tiraf bi al-`ajz: admit that their understanding is beyond his capability;

O - sukut: remain silent and not ask questions about it, nor discuss it, knowing that it poses a danger to his faith, and that he may unwittingly commit disbelief by discussing it;

O - imsak: leave interpretation, not replacing the words which have appeared in the texts with any grammatical derivatives, nor translating them into another language;

O - kuff: hold himself back from pondering these words;

O taslim li ahlihi defer all this to those who are qualified to deal with it.

DİFFERENCES BETWEEN ASH’ARİSM AND MATURİDSM

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10.Taklif Ma la Yutak

1. Ma’rifatullah:

2.Cause and Wisdom:

3.Husn and Qubuh

4.Kalam Nafsi

5.’Acting of Murted:

6.Takwin

7.Kasb

8. «Ismah

9. Nubuwwah

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SHI’ITE (SHI’A):

O 10-15% of Muslims

O Shiatu ‘Ali, Rafizi, Sebaiyyah

O What is the origin shia? Some claimed that1.Old iranian2.Jewısh-chrıstıan orıgın3. Arab origin

Shia

Zaydiyya

İmamiyaNusayriy

yaİsmailiyya

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Divisions Within Shi’ism Zaydis:

-differed with most Shi’a in imamet, efdal mefdul , qurayshi and fatimi and hasani or husayni not to others

- closest to Mutazila they accept five principal doctrines except manzilah

- rejecting infability of imam and ghaib imam -Zayd b ‘Ali, Yahya b Zayd, Nefzü’z Zekiyyah, Kasım er-Rassi, İmam Hadi

-Yemen& Jordan

O Ithna-Asharis

O Ca’feriyyah,İmamiyyah,Rafiza

O Close to mutazila in tavhid and justice

O İmamet: ‘Ali is appointed by God and 12 imams.

O İmams have imfability, spesicif knowledge, and miracles…

O Beda, gaybet, recat, takiyyah...

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Ismailiyya:Batınıyya, Talimiyya, Sebiyye

O There are two sub-division as musta’liyya and nizariyya

O Nizariyya: 20 b population and 49. İmam Karim Shah Ali&Iran, Afganistan, kanada

O Mustaliyya:Bohra grup in India, 52. Molla Burhannedin& Yemen, Burma, spain

O Natık and samit

O Mehdi and Kaim

O revelation continues

O İmams have nasuti and lahuti atributions.

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NusayriyyaO The Nusayris trace their origins to the eleventh

Shi'a Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (d.873) and his pupil Ibn Nusayr

O The belief in incarnation. The Nusayris believe that Ali is God in the flesh. Ali created Muhammad from his spirit, and Muhammad created Salman, an early Shi'ite saint. These three form a Trinity in which Ali is described as the 'meaning', Muhammad is the 'name' and Salman is the 'door'.

O Nusayris believe in reincarnation and wine as sembol

O Muhammad b Nusayr Nemiri

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Mu’tazila

O Ahl tewhid wa ‘adl, muattıla, Kaderiyya

O -The Mu'tazila movement emerged in the Umayyad Era, and reached its most popularity in the Abassid period Wasil b. 'Ata/al-Hasan al-Basri/Amr b. 'Ubayd

O The early socalled Qadarites of Damascus:Ma'bad al-Juhani, Gaylan ed-Dımeshqı,

O - Greek philosophy and logical argumentation:

O Sub-division as basra and baghdad schools. They differ with poliitcal issue and ahl-i bayt, also philosophy

Mutazila

Basra

Baghdad

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The five principal doctrines al-'Usul al-khamsah

O (i) Tawhid, i.e. absence of plurality and attributes.

O (ii) Justice ('adl), i.e. God is just and that He does not oppress His creatures.

O (iii) Divine retribution (at-wa'd wa al-wa'id), i.e. God has determined a reward for the obedient and a punishment for the disobedient, and there can be no uncertainty about it.

O (iv) Manzilah bayna al-manzilatayn (a position between the two positions). A fasiq is neither a mu'min, nor a kafir

O (v) al-'amr bil ma'ruf wa al-nahy 'an al-munkar [bidding to do what is right and lawful, and forbidding what is wrong and unlawful].

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What are the problems of islamic schools?

OA)GodDiscussion of divine attributes: Khalq al-Quran'Adl (Divine Justice) and wisdom

OB)Prophethood:1. Infallibility 2. Husn and Qubuh 3. Ahl-ı Fatrah& responsibility 4. To be women and man

OC) Hereafter:İntercession; Ruyetullah; the punishment of the grave;

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What are the problems of islamic schools?

O D) Human: 1. free will &Destnity 2. Khalq’al- afali ‘İbad& Kasb theory & İstita’at 4. Guidance and going astray 5. What is the relationship between faith & works? 6. al-taklif bima la yutaq)

O E) Leadership: 1. Appointment by nass & shura 2.qurash tribe 3. al-'amr bi al-ma'ruf wa al-nahy 'an al-munkar

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Ahmadiya - messianic movement founded in British India in

1889 by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad - core belief is prophetology, which postulates an

uninterrupted succession of non-legislative prophets following Muhammad

- Ahmad claimed both messianic and prophetic status

- has aroused the fierce opposition of Sunni Muslims, especially in Pakistan and India