School of the Word
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Transcript of School of the Word
The Gospel and the Gospels
MODULE 3: WHAT IS A GOSPEL?
SCHOOL OF THE WORD
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PART 1
Module 1: The current context of faithModule 2: The readings at MassModule 3: What is a gospel?Module 4: The Gospel of the current yearModule 5: Mark’s portrait of JesusModule 6: Discipleship according to Mark
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SEQUENCE
• Reading Mark - how did you find it?• The word “gospel”• Timeline• Gospel and Gospels• Biographies
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READING MARK – HOW WAS IT?
• How did you feel?• Did anything strike you?• Anything you’d like to
ask?
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THE WORD “GOSPEL”
• Old Testament (Isaiah)
• New Testament (throughout)
• What Jesus preached
• What early Christians said about Jesus
• The “Gospels” in the New Testament
Euagge/lion
EuangelionEvangelium
Good Newsgōd spellGospel
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map
THE WORD “GOSPEL”
7PRIENE CALENDAR INSCRIPTION
THE WORD “GOSPEL”
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Since providence, which has divinely disposed our lives, having employed zeal and ardour, has arranged the most perfect culmination for life by producing Augustus, whom for the benefit of mankind she has filled with excellence, as if she had granted him as a saviour for us and our descendants, a saviour who brought war to an end and set all things in peaceful order
and since with his appearance Caesar exceeded the hopes of all those who had received good news before us, not only surpass those who had been benefactors before him, but not even leaving any hope of surpassing him for those who are to come in the future, and since the beginning of the good news on his account for the world was the birthday of a god…
THE WORD “GOSPEL”
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• Four Gospels used in the Church• Familiar through the cycle of readings• At heart, each Gospel is a “life” of Jesus• The four Gospels do differ in approach • For example: the first words, in his public
ministry, of Jesus in four Gospels
GOSPEL AND GOSPELS
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Mark 1:14-15 Luke 4:20-22Now after John was arrested, Jesus came to Galilee, proclaiming the good news of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has come near; repent, and believe in the good news.”
The eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him. Then he began to say to them, “Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.
Matthew 4:17 John 1:38From that time Jesus began to proclaim, Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.”
When Jesus turned and saw them following, he said to them, “What are you looking for?”
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• Written from faith• Written for faith• To be read in faith• The guiding light
is the Resurrection
Different contexts, different portraits
1 Matthew: Jewish Christians
2 Mark: persecution?
3 Luke: non-Jews or Gentiles
4 John: mixed congregation
GOSPEL AND GOSPELS
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• Mark 16• Matthew 28• Luke 24• (John 21)
1 Matthew and Luke are expansions of Mark
2 Matthew and Luke share about 250 verses not found in Mark
3 Matthew and Luke also have material unique to each one
GOSPEL AND GOSPELS
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• Opening scenes…
• Matthew: The Sermon on the Mount
• Mark: A typical day
• Luke: Preaching in Nazareth
• John: Call of the first disciples
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GOSPEL AND GOSPELS
• You’ve been called / inspired / invited to write a Gospel
• How would you do it?• What would you definitely include?• What would you perhaps leave out?
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• The Gospel writers used various sources• They used sources differently• They used sources freely• Examples: Preaching in Nazareth,
Sermon on the Mount, Cleansing of the Temple
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Mark Sayings (Q)
The Sower The Lord’s Prayer
M source L source
The Magi Prodigal Son
Matthew Luke
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1. 250 verses = the Sayings Sources (Quelle)
2. Q survives only in Matthew and Luke
3. Q written, probably, in Palestine, in Greek
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• Not everything was written down• Awareness of traditions• Offering a structured account• Differing, to a greater and lesser
extent
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TIME LINE
Jesus6bc – 30 ad
Paul6bc / 35, 64 ad
Mark70
Matthew85-90
Luke85-90
John95-100
Galilee, Judea Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Italy
Syria?Rome? Syria Greece?
Syria, Asia Minor
Augustus Tiberius CaligulaClaudius Nero Vespasia
n Titus Domitian Nerva, Trajan
31-14 14-37 37-4141-54 54-68 69-79 79-81 81-96 96+
70 years 30 years
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BIOGRAPHIES
• Before the Gospels, we find fragments of narrative: • In hymns, such as • In short “creeds” such as• In passages about the Christ event, such as• These traces presume a longer narrative• This longer narrative was oral until a double crisis
triggered the writing down of the proclamation, always in the light of Easter
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BIOGRAPHIES• Our Gospels resemble biographies of the time, but
o The purpose is proclamation, in the light of Eastero The writers felt free to select, arrange, edit and
addo Each Gospel has a viewpoint (a “theology”), a
kind of religious DNA which enters every cell of the text
o The story continued in the lives of believers• So, the Gospels are not biographies in our modern
sense
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BIOGRAPHIES
• Mark: probably oppression, if not persecution• Matthew: a difficult relationship with Jews• Luke: a text for the Gentile seeker• John: a community with a special history and
leadership
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TASK FOR THE NEXT DAY
Imagine only Mark has come down to us
1 What would be “missing” from our tradition?
2 Why, do you think, does Mark “leave out” so much?
3 Any really startling omission for you?
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CONVERSATION
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