School of Earth and Environment FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Contemporary Chinese Environmental Debates...
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![Page 1: School of Earth and Environment FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Contemporary Chinese Environmental Debates and Policy: Water Resource Management Issues Environment.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052701/56649e5e5503460f94b57eeb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
Contemporary Chinese Environmental Debates and Policy: Water Resource
Management Issues
Environment and Society (ENVI1110)
Monday 20th November 2006.
Damian Howells
Room 3.13, Chemistry West
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
Water resources in China
• Widespread shortage • Largely concentrated on the north China Plain
• Urban demand for water increases 10% per annum• increases by 7% annually
• 400 of 668 cities officially chronically short of water
• Serious impediment to further development in many regions• Yellow River now frequently runs dry ( 42 days 1999)
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Source: Donald, Stephanie H. & Robert Benewick (2005) The State of China Atlas Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press p. 91
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
South/North Water Transfer Project
• Aims to supply water to the cities of the North China Plain • An important economic region • Home to approx. 320 million people in 2002
• The region suffers from a chronic shortage of water• Climate is monsoonal• Rainfall is decreasing• Increasing demand• Bad management
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
• Total cost – US$60 billion• Approx. 300,000 people forced to relocate
Three Routes under construction
Eastern – due for completion in 2007
Central – due for completion in 2030
Western – due for completion in 2050
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
The Three Gorges Dam
Specifications of the dam• 400 miles / 640km long• Capacity - 39.3bn m3
• Cost – US$24 (est.)
Impacts• 100 towns and villages flooded • 44,000 ha of farmland flooded• Forced relocation of 1.9m people• Pollution control?• Habitat destruction
• Yangtze River dolphin, Chinese sturgeon
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
• Yangtze Valley prone to serious flooding• 1935 – 141,000 deaths• 1954 – 30,000 deaths• 1998 – approx. 3,600 deaths
• 5.7m homes destroyed• 7m homes damaged• 14m people evacuated• Total economic losses est. £21bn
• Major floods predicted to occur more frequently in the future• Deforestation, draining lakes//marshes
Flood Control
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
Power for economic development
• GDP grew at 9.4?% annually 1978-2001• Predicted growth 7% annually until 2020
• Electricity generation grew by 8% 1980-95• Estimated growth of 6% between 2000-10
• Concentrated in eastern provinces• Great Opening of the West Campaign• Requires a clean and reliable source of power
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
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School of Earth and EnvironmentFACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
For a general overview of China’s water resource issues see:World Commission on Dams (2000) Experience with Dams in Water and Energy Resource Development in the People’s Republic of China pp. 1-3 <Available from http://www.dams.org/kbase/studies/cn/>
For further details on the Three Gorges Dam Project see:World Commission on Dams (2000) Experience with Dams in Water and Energy Resource Development in the People’s Republic of China pp. 89-93<Available from http://www.dams.org/kbase/studies/cn/>
For the South/North Water Transfer Project see:Liu Changming (1999) Environmental Issues and the South-North Water Transfer Scheme in Edmonds, Richard Louis ed. Managing the Chinese Environment Oxford: Oxford University Press pp. 175-86
For further details of pollution problems in the Huai River see:Economy, Elizabeth (2004) The River Runs Black Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press pp. 1-9
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