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School Bus Stop Arm School Bus Stop Arm PassingsPassings
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School Bus Stop Arm Passings: A National Disgrace
Derek GrahamState Director, North CarolinaNC Department of Public Instruction
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History
The Florida 1-Day Count - 199610,590 Vehicles passing 3,427 Buses
4% on the RIGHT side! (same % in North Carolina)
Documented direction of travel, time of day, type of road, type of vehicle, etc
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Florida Community Focus Groups
Parents, law enforcement, school folks
Pointed to three issues low enforcement Lack of knowledge regarding bus signals lack of knowledge of when vehicles are
required to stop
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Awareness in Florida
Public Service AnnouncementsToll Free HOTLINE for reporting
violationsEducation and Awareness
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NHTSA Grants - 1998
Offered up to four grants to implement strategies for reducing stoparm violations
Pinellas County, FLWill County, IL3 County Area, NCUniv. of South FL - continued research
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Will County (IL) Operation S.A.V.E.
Stop Arm Violation EnforcementIllinois State Police
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Penalty in Illinois
$150 fine3 months driver license suspension
for 1st convictionrecorded on driver’s record
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NHTSA Grant
Expand efforts of State Police, local police, school bus drivers to arrest and secure effective prosecution
3 enforcement techniques Bus garage radio frequencies on police
cars Plain-clothes officers following buses Driver complaints filed on redesigned
forms
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Education/Awareness
PSAs on local radioPSAs on local cablePresentations (PTO, etc)Presentations to Citizen Police
Training Classes
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Results
Preparing a comprehensive training manual
Cases tracked through this program resulted in a conviction charge for stop-arm violation charge rather than reduced charges or dismissals
Renewed interest of bus drivers in reporting IMPROVED DRIVER MORALE!
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Lessons Learned - Awareness
Education teaches more than citations People read newspapers &react to mediaBusiness owners happy to assistSomeone skilled in dealing with media
should be present at media eventsMessage boards are not welcome in some
towns and many rules applyPlanning is critical - don’t wait til the last minute
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Lessons Learned - Enforcement
Stationary patrols in unmarked cars at hot spots can be effective
Any witness vehicle will deter violatorsOn-site arrests makes prosecution easier
reduces number of witnessesEffective tracking and prosecution results in a
true picture of violationsPatrol techniques seldom yield a true pictureSeverity of penalty in Illinois is makes tracking
difficult
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Pinellas County, FL
Clearwater, Tampa BayNHTSA Grant for enforcement
Clearwater Police DepartmentHow to best target random events?
Speed enforcement around bus stops and school zones
240 4-hour blocks
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Difficulty with Enforcement
Bus enforcement not as easy as it sounds
Officers could be blocked if not in the right position for monitoring.
Press event - scheduled press to ride bus with officers Not a single violation captured by the
media
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Public EducationPromoted Florida DOE’s pass report
tiplinePosted artwork on mass transit busesVideo on Cable Access ChannelNext Generation Network produced
computer ads displayed in gov’t buildings and retail outlets
Tip Card - Bookmark
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More Public Education
Clearwater MagazineVariable Message BoardsSchool bus and large poster at Safety
Seat and Bicycle SafetyPoster Contests - Day camps and
summer schoolsBarney the School Bus - local malls
and special events
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Problems and Successes
Problems trying to establish a baselineProblems conducting multi-agency
operations (lost mutual aid agreement)Successful public awareness - Next
Generation Network & Disney Radio; bookmark distribution thru local businesses
Unable to get project partners to contribute $
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Clearwater Police - RESULTS!!!
1997- 36 citations1998 - 49 citations1999 - 358 citationsImprovements in getting bus drivers
to report violations - follow-up
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Center for Urban Transp. Research, Univ. of South FL
Did the original quantification of the problem in Florida in May, 1995
In 2000, CUTR did a follow-up study to determine the effect of efforts since 1995
Number of violations slightly increased More aggressive driving More buses More drivers
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Recommendations: Local
Formation and participation of Community Traffic Safety Team committees Focus on enforcement and education Get wide representation Implement practical and effective
countermeasuresContinue Enforcement Blitzes
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TEXAS - TxDOT Grant to UTHSCSA
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
3 year project beginning 1999
– source: School Transportation Director
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Project Activity
Develop an information campaign publicizing the “illegal passer” program
Establish toll free numberCoordination with local PDDistribute brochure to “illegal
passers”
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Project Activity
Corporate Contributions Billboards ($15k value for $4k) *BUS on GTE Radio PSA
1,876 license numbers reportedMany calls asking for info on the law
Identified confusion on the school bus stop law
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Stoparm Activityin North Carolina
1996 Report on Florida stoparm study at NAPT
Within 2 weeks a car passed a stopped school bus in Davidson County, NC injuring two students
We knew that it was a problem for North Carolina as well as Florida - this drove it home!
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Stop Arm Violation Task Force Department of Public Instruction Guilford County SchoolsWake County SchoolsWilson County SchoolsGovernor’s Highway Safety ProgramHighway PatrolInstitute for Transportation Research and
Education (ITRE)Division of Motor Vehicles
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Data Gathering - First Statewide Count
April 15, 1997: 114 districts - nearly 13,000 buses
2,636 ViolationsStatewide each Spring since
Data gathering is very important Annual count - 1500-2100 violations
reported for 10,000-13,000 buses
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NHTSA Project
Concentrate on a 3-county areaOnslow, Pender and New Hanover
Counties Onslow, New Hanover - high number of
violationsEndorsed by DMV, Public Schools,
Highway Patrol, etc.
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Kickoff Meeting - Sept. 1998
All key agencies involvedMost important outcomes:
Law enforcement not convinced that the data were valid
Questions about bus driver use of the stop arm
LESSONS LEARNED - The kickoff meeting is not the best time to find out that you don’t have buy-in from stakeholders
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Time and Motion Study
Using an external video camera, ITRE staff validated claims of improper equipment use
STOP EVERYTHING!! More Driver Training Needed
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Distance from amber to red
Bus Velociy as S.A Deployed
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Stop Sequence
Bu
s V
elo
cit
yDistance from Amber to Red
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Stop Sequence
Bus velocity as stoparm deployed
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Produced by
NCDPI
ITRE
Funded by NHTSA
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Daily Stop Arm Violations Reported
April 15, 1997 - 61April 27, 1998 - 40Daily average, week of 10/12/98 -
22.6 (AFTER bus driver training)
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The Plan for Technology
Utilize the Transportation Information Management System (TIMS) Statewide system of computer-assisted
routing and scheduling all bus stops in the school district are in
the computer map database by addressGenerate maps of reported incidences
for use by law enforcement
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NC Law Enforcement Stop Arm Violations GIS Map
January 10, 2000
Legend
VIOLATIONS
STREET NAMES
CITY LIMIT
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NC Law Enforcement Stop Arm Violations GIS Map
January 11, 2000
Legend
VIOLATIONS
STREET NAMES
CITY LIMIT
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NC Law Enforcement Stop Arm Violations GIS Map
January 12, 2000
VIOLATIONS
Legend
STREET NAMES
CITY LIMIT
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VIOLATIONS
Legend
STREET NAMES
CITY LIMIT
NC Law Enforcement Stop Arm Violations GIS Map
January 13, 2000
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NC Law Enforcement Stop Arm Violations GIS Map
Week of January 10th thru 13th 2000
Legend
VIOLATIONS
STREET NAMES
CITY LIMIT
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Operation Stop Arm - Onslow, Pender, New Hanover
Stepped up enforcement - Grant paid for Trooper Overtime
Press conference to describe what we were getting ready to do
Displayed the bus-mounted camera
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Operation Stop Arm -Onslow, Pender, New Hanover
Little media responseTV in one location; newspaper only in
the other
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Operation Stop Arm -Onslow, Pender, New Hanover
Several traffic violations citedFew if any school bus passings
observedData maps not generally used
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Finally - RESULTS!!
Video was the tool to let school folks and law enforcement see what was actually happening
State trooper assigned to field reported violations
Camera-related citations have resulted in guilty pleas (even if to a lesser charge)
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Results - not everywhere!
The reductions seen in Onslow County were not seen in the other counties
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Valuable Insights
Involve key agencies before startingTraining of bus driversGather data to identify problem areasMake use of technologyRelationship with law enforcementRemember that data? Make sure it is good
and share it with law enforcementPublic awareness is effective
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Key to Success in Onslow County
Transportation Director Jeff SmithTrooper R.A. Hood
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Winston-Salem, NC - Dalton Folwell
2nd Grade Student son of School Board Member
Waiting for the bus on a tree-lined street
Crossed the street when he saw the busStruck and killed by motorist from out-
of-country driving on an international driver’s license
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Local Task Force
DA’s officeJudgesLaw EnforcementSchool Transportation DepartmentAdded Cameras
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State-Level InitiativesPublic Awareness
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Getting the Word Out - The Role of the Media
Television AdvertisingRadio AdvertisingEXPENSIVE
Can’t do it - or can’t do it alone
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The Alltel Partnership
North Carolina News Network - 85 affiliate stations across NC
$40,000 + spent by Alltel$8,000 spent by state
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Ad in North Carolina Magazine
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Dateline NBC
Look for a feature in SeptemberCameras on buses -
Violation caught on tape!!
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