School Age Child
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Transcript of School Age Child
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School-Age ChildFrom Ages 6 12
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Growth and Developmen
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Physical GrowthWEIGHT GAIN: 3-5 lbs (1.3 - 2.2kgsINCREASE IN HEIGHT: 1-2 inches or 2.5-5cm.
Brain growth is complete. Eye globe reaches its final shape
IgG and IgA reach adult levels. Lymphatic Tissues continue togrow up.Abundance of tonsillar and adenoid
tissue. Frontal sinuses develop
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Frontal Sinus
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Left ventricle of the heart enlarges. Innocent heart murmurs
PULSE RATE: 70-80bpm BLOOD PRESSURE: 112/60mmHgRespiratory Rate: 17-22cpm Scoliosis may become apparent at
this stage.
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Teeth
Deciduous teeth are lost andpermanent teeth erupt duringschool age.
The average child gains 28 teeth
between 6 to 12 years of age. 7 years old- central incisors erupt Deciduous teeth Will soon beReplaced with permanent teeth
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Sexual Maturation Hypothalamus
Anterior PituitaryGland
Production ofGonadotropin hormones
Changes in testes andovaries
PUBERTY
Transmits enzyme
To begin
activates
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Sexual and Physical ConcernsSchool-age is the time for parents to discuss
physical changes that happen to them Perspiration increases.
Concerns of Girls
Usually taller than boysGirls are usually conscious of breastdevelopment.
Early preparation for menstruation.Girls need to know that vaginalsecretions will be present.. A child, conscious of breast growth
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Concerns for boys
Boys are aware of increasinggenital size.
Gynecomastia can occur in
prepuberty. Boys begin to notice ejacula-tion during sleep or termednocturnal emissions. A young boy with gynecomastia
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AGE BOYS GIRLS
9-11 Weight gain Breast developmentElevation of papillaAreolar diameter
enlarges.11-12 Sparse growth of
pigmented hair at thebase of penis
Sebaceous glandsecretion increasesPerspiration increases
Straight hair along thelabia
pH of vagina becomesacidic
Slight mucus vaginaldischarge presentPerspiration increases
12-13 Pubic hair present inpubis
Penis lengthensDramatic growth spurt
Breast enlargement
Pubic hair growsdarker, spreads over
entire pubis.Breast enlarge but noprotrusion in nipples
Axillary hair is presentmenarche
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Developmental
Milestones
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Gross Motor Development
Children endlessly jump, tumble, skip and hop.
7 years old- Gender differences manifest in play. girl gamesboy games
8 year old coordination has improved- eyes are fully developed
9 years old- has enough eye hand coordination- always on the go.
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11 years old- interested in perfectingtheir skills.
12 years old- plunge into activitieswith intensity& coordination.
- able to handle greatresponsibility and
complete given task.
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Fine Motor Development
6 year old can easily tie shoelace-- can draw a person with
good detail.Eraser Year because children are never
quiet content with what theyhave done.
8 years old- can read regular size type.-writes in script rather than print.
9 years old- writing begins to look mature
and less awkward.
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Play7 years of age- child requires more props
for playing.-imaginative play starts to decline-interested in collecting items.
8 years old- child like table games but hate to lose.
9 years old- children play hard10 years old- engages in hand held or televisioncontrol games.
-interested in rules and fairness.- boys show off as girls pass-girls become interested the way they look.
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Industry Versus Inferiority
Child attempt to master another developmentalstage : learning a sense of industry or accomplishment
If children are prevented from achieving sense of
industry or do not receive rewards for accomplishments,they can develop a feeling of inferiority or become
convinced that they cannot do things they actually can do.
school-age needs reassurance that they can do thingscorrectly.
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CognitiveDevelopment
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Cognitive Development (Piaget)Concrete Operational Thought- includes systematic reasoning
-uses memory to learn broad concepts
CONCEPTS Decentering - ability to project oneself into others situation. Accomodation : ability to adapt thought processes to fit what
is perceived (there can be more than one reasonfor other peoples action..
Conservation - learns that a change in shape doesnt necessarilymean a change in size.
Class inclusion- ability to understand that one object can belong to
more than one classifications.
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Moral and Spiritual Developmen
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Moral and Spiritual Development
Preconventional (Level I)(4-7 years old)Carries out actions to satisfy own needs
Conventional (Level II)7-10 and 10-12 years of ageChild follows rules because of a need
to be good
Follows rules of authority.
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Promoting Nutritional Health
Establishing healthy eating patterns
Fostering Industry- let them help inplanning meals
-teach proper tablemanners.
Recommended dietary Intake- increase fiber, since
they dislike vegetables.- increase iron, calcium and fluoride.
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Common Health Problems
Dental Caries progressive, destructive
lesions, or decalcificationof tooth enamel and dentin. neglected caries result in poor
chewing thuspoor digestion, abscess and
pain and sometimes
osteomyelitis.
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Malocclusions
is a misalignment of teeth and/orincorrect relation between theteeth of the two dental arches. Theterm was coined by Edward Anglethe "father of modernorthodontics, as a derivative ofocclusion , which refers to themanner in which opposing teeth
meet.malocclusions
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Latchkey Children are school children who arewithout adult supervision forpart of each weekday.
Sex Education- children should be well educated of thepubertal stages and responsible sexualpractices.
Stealing- happens around 7 years of age when child discoverthe importance of money.
-Mother should stress the importance of property
right as well as the consequences it may bring.
E d f R
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End of our Report