Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs
description
Transcript of Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs
![Page 1: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Section 3Vowel Signs
![Page 2: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3.1 Vowel Lettersי ו א ה
![Page 3: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Yod and Waw
✦ The half vowels Yod (י) and Waw (ו) as consonants can be made silent after vowels.
✦ Waw (ו) stands for the deep vowels ō and ū.
✦ Yod (י) stands for the light vowels i, ē, and e.
![Page 4: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
יום yōm
איש ’iš
אלהים ‘’älōhim
עיר `ir
![Page 5: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Alef and He✦ The end sounds Alef (א) and He (ה) as
consonants can be cancelled out and appear now to mark the final vowel.
✦ He (ה) stands in the final sound of a word for all long vowels other than i.
✦ If He (ה) at the end of the word should be pronounced as a consonant, then it has a diacritical point (ה) called a Mappíq → § 5.1.
![Page 6: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Alef and He
✦ Alef (א) stands in the final sound of a syllable for each long vowel.
![Page 7: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
פנה Pāne
שנה šānā
משה mōše
יצא yāṣā
![Page 8: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3.2 The Tiberian Punctuation
Signs for each of the 7 vowel sounds
![Page 9: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Overview of Vowels
i ē ä/e a ā å ō u
ל ל ל ל ל ל ל ל
both long both short long short long both
Chireq Tsere Segol Patach Qamets Qamets Chatuf Cholem Qibbuts
![Page 10: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Your words with vowels
בן כל
ארץ לך מאיש יום
עם פנה
ית ב יד
![Page 11: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Technical Terms
✦ Mater lectionis – vowel letters (א ה ו י)✦ a consonant quiesces – stands for a vowel
(loses its consonantal quality)✦ plene writing – vowel written together with a
vowel letter (plene: “full”)
![Page 12: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Technical Terms
✦ defective writing – vowel written without a vowel letter✦ Words appear written either with or
without the vowel letter.✦ homogeneous vowels –those that can appear
with vowel letters
![Page 13: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Placing of Vowel Signs
✦ Vowel signs were placed above or below letters in the text.✦ Remember to pronounce the consonant
first and then the vowel.✦ Only exception is the “furtive patach”
![Page 14: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Placing of Vowel Signs
✦ Vowel signs were also placed where a vowel letter already stood. The sign was placed not under the vowel letter but under the preceding letter.✦ One significant combination to note: vowel
sound u with Waw gives Shureq (ו).
![Page 15: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
סוסי susi Yod is a vowel letter
סוסי susay Yod is a consonant
לילה layla Yod is a consonant; He is a vowel letter
עון ‘awon Waw is a consonant
עוד ‘od Waw is a vowel letter
מלכה malka He is a vowel letter
מלכה malkah He is a consonant
סוסיה susäha He is a consonant; Waw and Yod are vowel letters
יבא yabo Alef is a vowel letter
יבאו yabo’u Alef is a consonant; Waw a vowel letter
![Page 16: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Section 4The Schwa-Sign
![Page 17: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
4.1 Signs for Half-Vowels
Simple Schwa and Composite Schwa
![Page 18: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Schwa mobile✦ The Schwa is a double dot under the
consonant (ל).
✦ Same principle of pronunciation as other vowels
✦ Schwa is vowel reduced at its strongest✦ The Schwa can be voiced or silent (see § 4.2)✦ Also called Simple Schwa or Vocal Schwa
![Page 19: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Chatef Vowels
✦ Also called Composite Schwas
✦ Combination of vowel sign and Schwa sign
✦ Only occur under gutturals
אני ’anī Chatef-Patach
אלהים ’elōhīm Chatef-Seghol
חלי ḥålī Chatef-Qames
![Page 20: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
4.2 Signs for Vowellessness
Schwa quiescens (Silent Schwa)
![Page 21: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Schwa quiescens✦ Also called Silent Schwa✦ This Schwa sign stands with consonants
within the word that do not have vowels that follow.
✦ Here is the confusion:✦ The same sign can be either silent or vocal.
So there needs to be some way to distinguish them.
![Page 22: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
4.3 Differentiation of SchwasVocal or Silent Schwa?
![Page 23: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Schwa is vocal ...at the beginning of the word יהי
when it is the second of 2 contiguous Schwas ירמיהו
under a consonant with a Dagesh
על־פניהגדלים
after a long vowel (note the use of the Meteg) שמרון
![Page 24: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Some new words
דבר אב
עיר ין עשם שנה
עבד אשה
פש נ כהן
![Page 25: Schneider Section 3: Vowel Signs](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051609/547b517fb479597c098b4da9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Listen to this...ז י מזמור ק
הללו את–יהוה כל–גויםם׃ שבחוהו כל–האמיכי גבר עלינו חסדוואמת–יהוה לעולם
הללו–יה׃