Schmidt

A Revolutionary New TechnologyA Revolutionary New TechnologySLICESLICE

K80531_001A_OS10/20/98

Terry Schmidt Lockheed Martin

Feb 2002

K80531_002A_OS10/20/98

HistoryHistoryLockheed Martin Involvement

1960s

Program

Hydrofoil

1970s LCAC

20 years + SWATH Sea ShadowClassified

1994 - present SLICE ATDAdvanced high-speed hullform design, construction and trials

K80531_005 _OS10/20/98

Higher speeds in higher seasprovides operational advantageHigher speeds in higher seas

provides operational advantage

The Designer’s ChallengeThe Designer’s Challenge

Wave Height

K80531_005 _OS10/20/98

Higher speeds in higher seasprovides operational advantageHigher speeds in higher seas

provides operational advantage

Sp

eed

Calm Moderate High

Current

Desired

Small Ship Performance

K80531_002_OS10/20/98

HullformsHullforms

Advanced hullforms – designed to enhance performanceAdvanced hullforms – designed to enhance performance

Displacement

Dynamic Lift

Monohull Catamaran SWATH/SLICE

Planing Hull Hydrofoil ACVM SES

Single Hull Twin Hulls Submerged Hulls

Hull Lift Foil Lift Air Cushioned Lift

Conventionally, seakeeping requires lengthConventionally, seakeeping requires lengthK80531_004_OS

10/20/98

SeakeepingSeakeeping

Replenishmentand Amphibious

Battleships

Carriers

Destroyers

Frigates

MineSweepers

Tugs

25

15

10

6

30 300 600 900 1200

Ship Length (ft)

Wav

e H

eigh

t (ft

)

Highest FullyOperational Wave

Height

Operational in High Sea States Operational in High Sea States


Battleships

Carriers

Destroyers

Frigates

MineSweepers

Tugs

25

15

10

6

30 300 600 900 1200

Ship Length (ft)

Wav

e H

eigh

t (ft

)

Navatek II

SLICE Navatek I

SeaShadow

AGOR 26

TAGOS 19 & 23

Highest Fully OperationalWave Height

Kaimalino

Kaiyo

Small Waterplane Area Ships (SWATH)Provide Operational Capability in High Sea States

Ship Motions in a SeawayShip Motions in a Seaway

RESONANCE

WAVE FOLLOW

WAVE INTEGRATION

SHIP HEAVE MOTIONDEPENDS ON MASS AND WATERPLANE AREA

WAVE PERIOD0

1

2

3

RESPONSEHEAVE / H wave

Mass (virtual)T resonance (sec) = 2 pWaterplane Area

SHORT LONG

Why SWATHs Are Operational in High Sea States

Why SWATHs Are Operational in High Sea States

• Resonance period T is defined byT = 2π ([mass / waterplane area )1/2

• For SWATHs waterplane area (wpa) is typically 1/6 the wpa for monohulls or catamarans of equal displacement

• Thus, the period for SWATH ships is 2.5 times longer than for monohulls or catamarans of equal displacement

• When compared to Sea State Energy SWATHs Resonance is above Sea State of operations

Wave Period (sec)5 10 15 200

Sea State 6

5

43

Sea

Sta

te E

ner

gy

MonohullAGOR 24

3200 LT Displ SWATHAGOR 26

2550 LT Displ

Operational AvailabilitySWATH vs. Monohull AGOROperational AvailabilitySWATH vs. Monohull AGOR

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

AGOR 26

MonohullAGOR

Wave Height - Meters

Per

cen

tag

e o

f T

ime

that

No

rth

Atl

anti

c W

aves

will

Be

Les

s T

han

Giv

en H

eig

ht

Increase in Mission

Time

Significant Wave Height

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

SWATH vs. Monohull Motion ComparisonSWATH vs. Monohull Motion Comparison

USCG MELLON (WHEC) 3150 TonsSWATH KAIMALINO 190 TonsUSCG Patrol Boat (WPB) 114 Tons

Video of navatek IIVideo of navatek II

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

K80531_003_OS10/20/98

SpeedSpeed

Conventionally, speed requires lengthConventionally, speed requires length


Battleships

Carriers

Destroyers

Cruisers

Frigates

MineSweepers

Tugs

Limiting Speed forDisplacement Ships

40

30

20

10

00 300 600 900 1200

Length on Waterline, L (ft)

Sp

eed

(kts

)High

Wave Drag

K80531_003_OS10/20/98

SpeedSpeed

Speed Limited By Wave ResistanceSpeed Limited By Wave Resistance


Battleships

Carriers

Destroyers

Cruisers

Frigates

MineSweepers

Tugs

Limiting Speed forDisplacement Ships

40

30

20

10

00 300 600 900


Sp

eed

(kts

)High

Wave Drag

Viscous

Wave

Froude No. = V/√g*L0 0.4 0.5 1.51.0

K80531_013 _OS10/20/98

Resistance – Wave / ViscousResistance – Wave / Viscous

0 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.5

Res

ista

nce

Coe

ffic

ient

Cargo ShipsLiners

BattleshipsAircraft Carriers

CruisersFrigates

Destroyers

(15 kts)(22 kts)(28 kts)(36 kts)(30 kts)(30 kts)(35 kts)

500 ft850 ft890 ft1100 ft560 ft450 ft560 ft

Viscous

Froude No. = V/¦gl

Wave

At “Hump” Froude Number Wave Resistance is Greater than 50% of TotalAt “Hump” Froude Number Wave Resistance is Greater than 50% of Total

SWATH CUTTERSWATH CUTTER

CHARACTERISTICS•Displacement 511 LT•Speed 25 kts•Length 150 ft

CHARACTERISTICS•Displacement 511 LT•Speed 25 kts•Length 150 ft

K80531_003_OS10/20/98

SpeedSpeed


Battleships

Carriers

Destroyers

Cruisers

Frigates

MineSweepers

Tugs

40

30

20

10

00 300 600 900 1200


Sp

eed

(kts

)High

Wave Drag

SWATH CUTTER

K80531_005 _OS10/20/98

Speed in a SeawaySpeed in a Seaway

Only low-waterplane area SWATH ships maintain speed in high seas

Only low-waterplane area SWATH ships maintain speed in high seas

Wave Height

Sp

eed

Calm Moderate High

DisplacementHulls

Monohull

Catamaran

SWATH/SLICE

DynamicLift

Planing Hull

Hydrofoil

ACVM SES

789

10111213

789

10111213

SLICE

NAVATEK II

K80531_006 _OS10/20/98

Hullform ComparisonHullform Comparison

SLICE retains the low waterplane but shortens the hull length

SLICE retains the low waterplane but shortens the hull length

SWATH

SLICE

7 8 9

10 11

12 13

7 8 9

10 11

12 13

SLICE

K80531_013 _OS10/20/98

The New ApproachThe New Approach

“Shorten the hull”“Shorten the hull”

0 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.5

Res

ista

nce

Coe

ffic

ient

Cargo ShipsLiners

BattleshipsAircraft Carriers

CruisersFrigates

Destroyers

(15 kts)(22 kts)(28 kts)(36 kts)(30 kts)(30 kts)(35 kts)

500 ft850 ft890 ft1100 ft560 ft450 ft560 ft

SWATH Cutter ( 25 kts)

Viscous

SLICE (25 kts) 40 ft

Froude No. = V/¦gl

K80531_003_OS10/20/98

SpeedSpeed

Conventionally, speed requires lengthConventionally, speed requires length


Battleships

Carriers

Destroyers

Cruisers

Frigates

MineSweepers

Tugs

40

30

20

10

00 300 600 900 1200


Sp

eed

(kts

)High

Wave Drag

SLICE

SWATH CUTTER

SLICE

ConventionalSWATH

K80531_008 _OS10/20/98

Performance AdvantagePerformance Advantage

20% to 35% reduction in power at high speed20% to 35% reduction in power at high speed

Ho

rsep

ow

er

Speed (kts)

15 20 25 30 3510

10,000

5,000

K80531_0079/29/98

Physics of ResistancePhysics of Resistance

SLICE hullform reduces high-speed resistanceSLICE hullform reduces high-speed resistance

Res

ista

nce

(lb

)

30252015105

SLICETotal

SLICEFriction

SLICE Wave

SLICE Resistance

Ship Speed (kts)

SLICE Resistance

Total

Friction

Wave

Res

ista

nce

(lb

)

3025201510Ship Speed (kts)

5

Conventional Ship Resistance

Click here Click here

SLICE ATD Advanced Technology DemonstratorSLICE ATD Advanced Technology Demonstrator

K80531_009 _OS10/20/98

FeaturesFeatures

SLICE ATD vessel demonstrated technology featuresSLICE ATD vessel demonstrated technology features

Performance

Cost

Arrangements

• Large deck areas• Balanced weights

– Ship systems forward– Payload aft

• Modular payloads• Protected propeller

– Grounding/docking– Payload deployment– Personnel boarding

• High speed• Seakeeping stability• Low wake

• Acquisition– Affordable size– Conventional

equipment– Shipyard construction

• Operational– Fuel efficient– Reduced manning– Conventional maintenance

TestingTesting

K80531_014 _OS10/20/98

SLICESLICE

Low wake wash at 30+ knotsLow wake wash at 30+ knots

Wake Wash PerformanceWake Wash PerformanceCOMPARISON OF VESSEL WASH

ENERGY DENSITY

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Vessel Speed (Knots)

Was

h E

ner

gy

Den

sity

(Jo

ule

s/M

eter

)

WA State FerryStandard

FBM TRICAT - SASSACUS

NYFF - BRAVEST (GEE)

AMD 385 - CHINOOK

SLICE

Lowest Wash Energy Measured to DateLowest Wash Energy Measured to Date

K80531_012 _OS10/20/98

HullformsHullforms

SLICE operates at higher speed while retaining SWATH’s low motions

SLICE operates at higher speed while retaining SWATH’s low motions

Wave Height

Sp

eed

Calm Moderate High

DisplacementHulls

Monohull

Catamaran

SWATH/SLICE

DynamicLift

Planing Hull

Hydrofoil

ACVM SES

SLICE

SWATH

K80531_015 _OS10/20/98

Technology AdvantagesTechnology Advantages

Commercial ship operators want small, affordable shipsthat operate at high speed in high seas

Commercial ship operators want small, affordable shipsthat operate at high speed in high seas

• Length required for speed• Size required for seakeeping

(stability) in high seas

• All the SWATH advantages, plus more capability

– Higher speed– Lower wake– Better range, endurance,

fuel consumption• Affordable

– Acquisition– Life cycle

• Conventional shipyard practices

– Design– Construction– Material and equipment

• Length still required for speed• Smaller size but better

seakeeping• Less costly

– Acquisition– Operating

Conventional Hulls

Single Hull Twin Hull Submerged Hull

SWATH Hulls SLICE

K80531_016 _OS10/20/98

Candidate SLICE MissionsCandidate SLICE Missions

• Drug interdiction• Coast Guard search & rescue

helicopter• Environmental cleanup and oil spill

recovery• Pilot boat

• Mission launching platform• Sonar surveillance craft• AUV/UUV underwater vehicle

support• Test range support• Command, control &

communications platform• Mine countermeasures• Range support

• High-speed ferry• Cruise ship• Casino boat• Offshore oil support vessel• Tourist excursions

Government

Commercial

Military

Littoral Combat ShipLittoral Combat Ship

Sea SLICESea SLICE

Technology ApplicationTechnology Application

Sea ShadowSea Shadow

Streetfighter LCS(X) National Security Vessel

Sea Shadow Offshore Patrol Vessel EWSS

Military ApplicationsMilitary Applications

Speed in High Sea States Offersa Wide Variety of Military Applications

Speed in High Sea States Offersa Wide Variety of Military Applications

SLICE is a demonstrated technology

allowing small, affordable ships

to operate with safety and efficiency

at high speeds in high seas

SLICE is a demonstrated technology

allowing small, affordable ships

to operate with safety and efficiency

at high speeds in high seas

K80531_017 _OS10/20/98

SummarySummary

Schmidt

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