Scatter on the Wechsler Adult IntelligenceScale as a measure of personality adjustment

Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic)

Authors Throp, James Leslie, 1912-

Publisher The University of Arizona.

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SCATTER ON THE WECHSLER AKJLT INTELLIGENCE SCALE AS A MEASURE OF PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT '

by -

James L. Throp

v A Thesis.

su bm itted to th e f a c u l ty o f th e

BepartmenC o f 'P h i lo s o p h y ’aHd P sycho lo^- . •

in p a r t i a l f u l f i l ly ie n t o f th e requ iren ien ts fo r the: degree o f

:: T MASTER OF ARTS . '

In th e G raduate' C o lleg e , U n iv e rs ity o f A rizona

1956

Approved.es.

■ ! .

■ s r

This th e s i s has heen su bm itted in p a r t i a l f u l f i l lm e n t o f r e q u ir e ­

ments f d r an advanced degree a t th e U n iv e rs ity o f A rizona and i s de­

p o s i te d in th e L ib ra ry to be made a v a i la b le to borrow ers under ru le s

: o f th e L ibraryo B r ie f q u o ta tio n s from t h i s th e s i s a re a llo w ab le

w ith o u t S p e c ia l perm ission^ p rov ided t h a t a cc u ra te acknowledgment o f

source i s made. B equests f o r p e rm issio n f o r ex tended q u o ta tio n from

o r rep ro d u c tio n o f t h i s m anuscrip t in whole o r in any p a r t may. be

g ra n te d by th e head o f th e m ajor departm ent o r th e deam o f th e Gradu­

a te C ollege when in t h e i r judgment th e proposed use o f th e m a te r ia l i s

in th e i n t e r e s t o f s c h o la rs h ip . I n a l l o th e r in s tan ces^ however^, p e r ­

m iss io n must be o b ta in e d from th e a u th o r . ' ; ' ' . . '

TABEB OF .GOlTEHfS V-

. . . Page

lo In tro d m etio n 1

2= S tatem ent o f Problem - 5

3= A pparatus and Procedure 6

k o Be s u i t s : ■ . ' v :

5= C onclusion and D iscu ssio n , 11

6= . Sum m iy ; . ■ ■ ; ' - V . ' " : ' 15

To. B ib lio g rap h y - ; l 6

LIST OFTABLES

Table Page

1 P roduct Moment C o rre la tio n s D erived from . th e Y arions Meastnres o f S c a t te r and th e : ,

; TSB Scores .. . 0

XI F is h e r "t B s u O btained When S c a t te r Scores ; f o r In d iv id u a ls S co ring Ahove 135 on th e ■ ISB a re Compared/with S c a t te r Scores A t- :

ta in e d by In d iv id u a ls S co ring Below 135 -on th e ISB . " 9

SGATfEB OH THE WECHSIER ADULT BITELLIGEKCE SCALE

AS A MEASURE OF PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT

Mach tim e and e f f o r t i s "being expended today in th e sea rc h f o r

d ia g n o s tic in s tru m en ts t h a t w i l l r e v e a l th e e x is te n c e o f p sy ch o lo g ica l

problems w ith in th e in d iv id u a l b e fo re th e y become se r io u s and obvious.

F or e f f e c t iv e tre a tm e n t> th e se d iso rd e rs must be d isco v e red as e a r ly as

p o s s ib le . By th e tim e th e se problem s become obvious^ d e te r io r a t io n may

have s e t in and e f f e c t iv e th e ra p y i s o f te n ex ceed ing ly d i f f i c u l t and .

p ro longed . One o f th e tech n iq u es b e in g t r i e d to d ay th a t aims a t s e r ­

v ing th e need f o r e a r ly d isco v e ry o f p sy ch o lo g ica l problem s i s s c a t t e r

a n a ly s is i •

In 1955 W echsler p u b lish e d th e l a t e s t r e v is io n o f - h i s B ellevue I n ­

te l l ig e n c e Exam ination. Only one form was p u b lish ed which, he c a l l s th e

W eehsler A dult I n te l l ig e n c e S ca le (h e re a f te r r e f e r r e d to as th e WAIS).

The WAIS i s e s s e n t i a l ly a. modern v e rs io n of. th e W eehsler#-Bellevue T es t

*• Forms I and I I . I n th e p re fa ce to th e WAIS Manual W eehsler r e f e r s

th e exam iner to The Measurement o f A dult In te l l ig e n c e (lO ) f o r in form ­

a t io n re g a rd in g th e use o f th e t e s t d a ta in th e a n a ly s is o f S c a t te r .

This im p lie s t h a t th e same method o f s c a t t e r a n a ly s is can be u sed and

t h a t th e in d ic a t io n s o f v a rio u s d i f f i c u l t i e s a re common to th e two

t e s t s . W eehsler a ls o m ain ta in s t h a t (10, p . l4 6 ) "Whenever a m ental

d is o rd e r produces a change in th e in d iv id u a l6s fu n c tio n in g c a p a c ity th e

; y v : V y :r e s u l t a n t l e s s i s n o t g e n e ra lly uniform,, b u t e f f e c t s c e r ta in a b i l i ­

t i e s more th a n o t h e r s .. -

W echsler has s e t up a ta b le (10, p « l g O ) o f c l i n i c a l p a t te r n :

which he a r r iv e d a t e m p ir ic a l ly . The exam iner, a f t e r sco r in g th e t e s t ,

in s p e c ts th e ta b le to d is c o v e r th e c l i n i c a l p a t te r n most n e a rly ' ap ­

p rox im ating th e s u b je c t8s s u b te s t r e s u l t s . W echsler says t h a t th e

ta b le i s b ased on a s s o c ia t io n s o r c o r r e la t io n s betw een t e s t " signs"

and d ise a se e n t i t i e s o One re c e n t s tu d y (11, p . 2 5 ) has o f fe re d e v i ­

dence t h a t t h e : W echsler-B ellevue - Form I and th e WATS " . . a r e n o t i n ­

te rch an g eab le w ith one an o th e r f o r th e purpose o f s c a t t e r a n a ly s iso " .

W est says t h a t (11, p . 5 ) , "At p re s e n t , methods f o r a n a ly s in g s c a t t e r

p a t te r n s a re h o t a ccep ted by many a u th o r i t i e s . A rev iew o f re c e n t

l i t e r a t u r e on th e s u b je c t has produced no f ig u r e s to s t a t i s t i c a l l y

v e r i fy th e va lu e o f th e m ethod."

By f a r th e b e s t study employing s c a t t e r a n a ly s is as a c l i n i c a l

d ia g n o s tic to o l was done by Bapaporb e t a l . a t th e Menninger Founda­

t io n (5 ) . Rapaport says o f th e W echsler-B ellevue S ca le (5, Vpl, 2 ,

p . 2 9 ) , " A ll th e s u b te s t sco res o f th e B ellevue S ca le a re t r a n s la t e d ,

• in to w eigh ted s c o re s , which a re equated and d i r e c t ly com parablej th u s

a w e ll-a d ju s te d person shou ld have l i t t l e d iscrep ah cy among h is 11

w eigh ted s c o re s . A s ig n i f ic a n t d e v ia t io n o f a s u b je c t8 s w eighted

sco re on one s u b te s t from th e c e n t r a l tendency o f - h is o th e r w eighted

sco res i s a d e v ia t io n from th e norm im p l ic i t in th e se eq u ated s c o re s ,

and th u s i s c h a r a c te r i s t i c f o r h i s ad ju stm en t and may be an in d ic a to r

o f h is s p e c i f ic m alad justm en t," ..

O ther re sea rc h e rs , have f a i l e d to d u p lic a te B apaport8s f in d in g s .

Rah in and Gue r t in (k ) P and G u e rtin , F rank and Rah in (3) have review ed

th e l i t e r a t u r e vezy th o ro n ^ ily , Ameng t h e i r f in d in g s w ith re g a rd to ,

s c a t t e r a n a ly s is ' i s t h a t Bapaport" s s tu d y ? from th e s ta n d p o in t o f

q u a n t i ta t iv e re se a rc h and experim entation^, h as f a i l e d t o produce any

c le a r - c u t o r co n c lu siv e f in d in g s concern ing s c a t t e r « One g a in s th e

im pression from th e p a t te r n s tu d ie s review ed th a t , th e f in d in g s a re in -

eo n c lu s iy e , y

The R o tte r Incom plete S en tences B lank - C ollege Form (h e re a f te r

r e f e r r e d to as th e 1SB) i s h i s t o r i c a l l y r e l a t e d to th e word a s s o c ia ­

t i o n t e s t (7)o I t i s re v is e d from a fofm used in th e Army by H o tte r

and W ellerman,' Two g o a ls were k ep t in mind in i t s developm ent, ih e

f i r s t was t o p rov ide a sim ple and e a s i ly u sed sc reen in g d e v ic e . The

second was to g a in r a th e r s p e c i f ic in fo rm a tio n o f d ia g n o s tic v a lu e .

. R o tte r h eg in s h i s manual w ith t h i s d e s c r ip t iv e paragraph (tTy p» 3)»

The Incom plete S entences B lank i s an - a ttem p t to s ta n - ■■ d a rd ia e th e sen ten ce com pletion method f o r use a t th e c o l­

le g e l e v e l . F o rty 8stem s5 a re com pleted hy- th e s u b je c t .These com pletions a re th e n sco red by comparing them a g a in s t t y p i c a l iteiris. in e m p ir ic a lly d e riv e d sco r in g manuals f o r men and women, and by a ss ig n in g to each response a s c a le va lue from 0 to 6 , The t o t a l sco re i s an index o f m alad justm en t.

This in s tru m en t was never in ten d ed " to p rov ide r a t in g s in f i n e r

d ia g n o s tic te rm s« Those sco rin g above a p re v io u s ly determ ined c u t t in g

sco re can be r e f e r r e d to co u n se lo rs f o r more c a r e fu l s tu d y . . . " (7 ," -p.

3) The t e s t may p ro v id e in d ic a t io n s o f th e type o f problem p o ssessed

by th e t e s t e e b u t should n ev er be u sed as a s in g le d ia g n o s tic t o o l .

The r e l i a b i l i t y and v a l id i t y o f th e ISB were c a lc u la te d from

groups o f c o lle g e s tu d e n ts numbering 195 and 206 r e s p e c t iv e ly ( ? ) , I n ­

t e r - s c o r e r r e l i a b i l i t y f o r males, was „9d and f o r fem ales The

m ales8 and fe m a le s8 sco res were v a l id a te d s e p a ra te ly a g a in s t r a t in g s

by i n s t r u c to r s » The b i s e r i a l c o r r e la t io n c o e f f ic ie n ts betw een c la s s ­

i f i c a t i o n and ISB sco res f o r m ales and fem ales were ,62 and «50 r e s ­

p e c t iv e ly , The norm ative d a ta was d e riv e d from 299 freshm en e n te r in g

Ohio S ta te U n iv e rs ity (7 ) e Ho c la im i s made f o r th e t e s t o th e r th an

t h a t i t can roughly d i f f e r e n t i a t e th e w e ll a d ju s te d from th e m alad­

ju s te d in groups s im i la r t o th e norm ative group= R o tte r does n o t

c la im th a t th e ISB should be u sed to make a d iag n o sis b u t on ly th a t

i t can , w ith a f a i r degree o f accu racy , p o in t ou t th o se who may need

more te s t in g , a n d -o b se rv a tio n and g ive some su g g es tio n as to th e type

o f problem . I f t h i s i s t r u e and W echsleres claim s f o r h is " signs'*

a re v a l id , th e n th e two t e s t s shou ld ag ree in t h e i r in d ic a t io n s o f

th e p resence o r absence o f.p ro b lem s. There may be in d ic a t io n s in

b o th t e s t s o f th e type o f problem fa c e d b u t th e WAXS and n o t th e ISB

shou ld re v e a l th e d ise a se e n t i t y tow ard which th e s u b je c ts 8 s tru g g le s

a re c a r ry in g them.

: _ STAEEMEEI OF PEOBISM " . : : ' "

Gan s c a t t e r sco re s on th e W eehsler A dult I n te l l ig e n c e S ca le (th e

WAIS) be u sed as a m easure f o r th e p re d ic t io n o f p e r s o n a l i ty m alad­

ju stm en t as m easured by th e H o tte r incom plete Sentences Blank (th e

I # ) ? : V ; , : ' :

n e i th e r o f th e se t e s t s has been s tu d ie d s u f f i c i e n t ly to be c e r ta in

o f i t s va lue a s an in s tru m en t f o r th e d e te c t io n o f p sy ch o lo g ica l p ro b ­

lems & As can b e seen# however, in th e in tro d u c tio n o f t h i s paper>

c l a i m have been made t h a t s c a t t e r sc o re s o f th e v a rio u s ty p es o b ta in -

; ed from th e W eehsler t e s t s g ive ev idence o f th e e x is te n c e o f problems

and o f th e n a tu re of such problem s. These claim s and th e s tu d ie s p e r ­

form ed to su p p o rt them were o r ig in a l ly made f o r th e W eehsler-B ellevue

- Form I , b u t W eehsler has s ta t e d (lO ) t h a t he f e e l s t h a t e q u iv a le n t

an a ly se s can be made by u s in g th e WAISo ' | . r

The H o tte r Incom plete Sen tences B lank has been stan d ard ized ^ a l ­

though n o t th o ro u g h ly , to y ie ld b o th in d ic a t io n s o f p a r t i c u l a r p ro b ­

lems and an o v e r a l l sco re o f ad ju stm en t. The p re se n t paper i s in te n d ­

ed to compare th e s c a t t e r sco res w ith th e t o t a l ad ju stm en t sco re on

th e ISB. C onsidering th e low and a lm ost eq u al l e v e l o f c l i n i c a l s ta n ­

d a rd iz a t io n o f th e two t e s t s , i f no r e la t io n s h ip i s found th e re w i l l

be no way o f knowing which o f th e two t e s t s i s re sp o n s ib le f o r th e

f a i l u r e . ' v ' ' :■ f .

APPARATUS M D PROCEDURE

In t h i s study th e re were Il-O fem ales su b je c ts ran g in g in age from

17 th r u 22= A ll were v o lu n te e rs from elem eatazy p sy e h o lo ^ - c la s s e s .

Two t e s t s , th e W echsler A dult I n te l l ig e n c e S ca le (WAIS) and th e

R o tte r Incom plete S en tenees Blank - C ollege Form ( I S l ) , were adm in is­

te r e d to th e s u b je c ts in d iv id u a l ly and in t h a t o rd e r« A ll t e s t i n g ap ­

po in tm ents y e re made f o r week-day a fte rn o o n s a t hours t h a t d id n o t

c o n f l i c t w ith c la s s e s , Bach s u b je c t was t o l d t h a t she would he g iv en

an in t e r p r e ta t io n o f h e r t e s t r e s u l t s . I t was f e l t t h a t s in c e o n e 's

em otional s t a t e can change g r e a t ly from day to day, i t would be b e t ­

t e r to a d m in is te r th e WATS f i r s t and fo llo w i t im m ediately w ith th e

ISB (2) The manuals f o r each o f th e t e s t s were fo llo w ed c a r e f u l ly in

th e a d m in is tra tio n and sc o r in g o f th e t e s t s .

Each WAIS was g iven a random number and each ISB Was g iv en a

d i f f e r e n t number a lso , randomly chosen. This was done to p rev en t im­

p re s s io n s n o t o b ta in a b le from th e b lan k s from a f f e c t in g th e e x p e r t- .

m en te r, - \ .

6

RESULTS

In t h i s s tu d y th e th re e main m easures o f sczatiber eommonly reeom-

mended f o r th e W echsler-B ellevue I n te l l ig e n c e S cale were employed*

The f i r s t m easure u sed th e w eighted vocabu lary sco re a s a b a s e l in e .

The second used th e average w eigh ted v e rb a l and. perform ance sco res as

se p a ra te b a se lin e s^ w h ile th e t h i r d u sed th e w eigh ted score: average as: : 1- ; ; ■ ■ • / ■ ■ ■ , : a b a s e l in e . ■

S c a t te r m easured by th e se th re e methods does n o t c o r r e la te h ig h ly

w ith sco res o b ta in e d u s in g th e ISB. As can be seen in Table I , no

c o r r e la t io n a t t a in e d exceeds th e va lue o f , 289.0 The low est va lue ob­

ta in e d from t h i s com parison i s - a o00^ which was found to p r e v a i l b e -

.. tween perform ance s c a t t e r and ISB s c o re s . The o th e r v a lu e s o b ta in ed

were ,267 and o27^= The TABLE a ls o shows th e s ta n d a rd d e v ia t io n o f

th e c o r r e la t io n c o e f f ic ie n t and th e c r i t i c a l r a t i o s . Ho c o r r e la t io n

" a t t a in e d is . s ig n i f ic a n t beyond th e 2 =28$ le v e l and th u s none -is o f

much v a lu e 'in p re d ic t io n . A c o r r e la t io n c o e f f ic ie n t o f .289 a llow s

one to p re d ic t on ly 8^ b e t t e r th a n chance,

- I n .c a lc u la t in g th e vocabu lary s c a t t e r th e d e v ia tio n s o f each of th e w eigh ted s u b te s t sco res from th e V ocabulary sco re was determined, and th e mean fo u n d . The v e rb a l s c a t t e r and th e perform ance s c a t t e r a re determ ined by c a lc u la t in g th e average d e v ia t io n o f th e v e rb a l sco res from th e mean o f th e v e rb a l s c o re s , and th e average d e v ia t io n • o f - th e perform ance sco res, from; th e mean o f th e perform ance s c o re s .The t o t a l s c a t t e r sco re i s c a lc u la te d by f ig u r in g th e average d ev ia ti. - t i o n o f th e sco res from th e t o t a l w eigh ted sco re a v e rag e s . The c o r­r e la t io n c o e f f ic ie n ts re p o r te d were a r r iv e d a t by th e u se o f th e p ro ­duct moment fo rm u la . ' ;

7

TABLE I

P roduct Moment C o rre la tio n s D erived from th e V arious Measures o f S c a t te r and th e ISB Scores

P roductMomentC o rre la tio n s

S tandard D ev ia tion o f C o rre la tio n s

C r i t i c a lR atio s

L evels o f S i g n i f i ­cance

V ocabularyS c a t te r .26? and ISB

.11+87 1 .80 ' 3 .59#

V erbalS c a t te r .289 and ISB

.11+67 2 .00 2 . 28#

Perform ance S c a t te r .004 and ISB

.1601 0 .02 1+2.07#

T o ta lS c a t te r .2?4 and ISB

.1481 1 .90 2.87#

8

TABLE XI shows th e F isher- !' t 8 s" o b ta in e d when s c a t t e r sco res f o r

in d iv id u a ls s co r in g above 135 on th e 1SB a re compared w ith s c a t t e r.d ■ V. ' :: .. ,.-V . : 2 : ; •

sco res a t t a in e d hy in d iv id u a ls s co rin g below 135 on th e ISBo These

v a lu es arej,- again# low » Ho F is h e r " t" o b ta in e d i s l a r g e r th a n »635

and th u s no d if fe re n c e in average s c a t t e r sco res to co rrespond w ith

1SB sco res i s s ig n i f ic a n t above t h e -52»6^ l e v e l 0 T h is d if f e re n c e i s

f o r v e rb a l s c a t te ro The le v e l o f s ig n if ic a n c e o f th e d if f e r e n c e in

vocabu lary sco res f o r th e in d iv id u a ls s co r in g above and below th e c u t­

t in g sco re on th e 1SB i s 6 lo8^ The o th e r two le v e ls o f s ig n if ic a n c e

a re TOo3? dnd 91®3%» ' . ■ ■ ■ _ '

■ ' a : • . .. ; / . •. ■ ;■ ; ■ • • V.H o tte r (7) says t h a t a- c u t t in g sco re o f 135 o r above can be u sed

as an in d ic a t io n t h a t f u r th e r s tu d y shou ld be made o f th e in d iv id u a l to determ ine th e degree o f m alad justm en t» •

TABLE I I

F is h e r " t * s" O btained When S c a t te r Scores f o r I n d i ­v id u a ls S coring Above 135 on th e ISB a re Compared w ith S c a t te r Scores A tta in e d by In d iv id u a ls S coring Below 135 on th e ISB.

F is h e r " t ’s" L evels o f S ig n if ic a n c e

V ocabulary S c a t te r and ISB

.499 61.856

V erbal S c a t te r and ISB

.635 52.656

Perform ance S c a t te r and ISB

.109 91.356

T o ta l S c a t te r and ISB

.382 70.356

IQ

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

lo S c a t te r a n a ly s is o f th e WATS does n o t y ie ld ad ju stm en t

m easures which c o r r e la te h ig h ly w ith ISB ad justm en t s c o re s 0 The

h ig h e s t in te r c o r r e la t io n , obtained, was =289 betw een v e rb a l s c a t t e r and

th e ISB scoreo T his va lue i s s ig n i f ic a n t on ly a t th e 2 .28^ le v e l and

i s o f s l i g h t y i f aiyr> va lue f o r p r e d ic t io n = ' ’ •

2o The F is h e r " t 9s" were o b ta in e d by comparing sco res f o r i n ­

d iv id u a ls s co r in g 135 on th e ISB w ith s c a t t e r sco res a t t a in e d by i n ­

d iv id u a ls s c o r in g below 135 o n . th e ISB 0 The h ig h e s t " t" o b ta in e d i s

0635 which i s s ig n i f ic a n t on ly a t th e 52 .6^ le v e l o f co n fid en ce . T his

c o r r e la t io n i s f o r v e rb a l s c a t te ro

The c o r r e la t io n betw een ad justm en t m easures on th e ISB and th e

s c a t t e r sco res on th e WATS a re much low er th a n one would hope to ob­

t a i n , I n f a c t , th e y p ro v id e l i t t l e ev idence th a t th e two m easures,

b o th o f w hich claim, to m easure ad ju stm en t, a re m easuring th e Same

th in g . This la c k o f agreem ent can n o t, because o f th e n a tu re o f th e

experim en t, be a t t r i b u t e d to th e inadequacy o f one t e s t o r th e o th e r .

S ince no- independent c r i t e r i o n i s a v a i la b le , one o r th e o th e r o r b o th

may be in a d eq u a te , ' . ■

,The; l i t e r a t u r e s u p p lie s l i t t l e t h a t would fa v o r one. o f th e t e s t s

as a v a l id a t io n in s tru m en t f o r th e e th e r . The IBS i s r e l a t i v e l y po o r­

ly s ta n d a rd iz e d . V a lid a tio n i s based upon ah a n a ly s is o f th e resp o n -

■; : . ' Vv/ .vy- . : / ' ' ' /-'' : ; ■ 12

ses a tta in e a . from a t o t a l o f 206 s u b je c ts = P a r t o f th e se s u b je c ts #

150, were ta k en from c la s s e s l a .e f fe c t iv e s tu d y and in m enta l hygiene

aad were r a te d as w e ll o r p o o rly a d ju s te d /by t h e i r te a c h e rs in th e

one o f th e se two cou rses in which th e y were r e g i s te r e d . R o tte r ad ­

m its t h a t / " Ih e in s t r u c to r , fo rc e d to c l a s s i f y a l l s tu d e n ts in one

ca teg o ry o r th e o th e r# d o u b tle ss made judgm ents ’■ inf.many: cases when

he was r e l a t i v e l y unsure o f h i s r a t i n g s «(7 , P= 8 ) . I n a d d i t io n to

th e se 150 s u b je c ts , 10:were t e s t e d a f t e r b e in g examined and c l a s s i ­

f i e d as a d ju s te d Or m a lad ju sted by "advanced s tu d e n t c l in ic ia n s '! ,

and 46 were e i t h e r s e l f - r e f e r r a l s ; to th e p sy ch o lo g ica l c l i n i c o r had ' •

been r e f e r r e d to th e c l i n i c by v o c a tio n a l co u n se lo rs . A ll o f t h i s

group o f 46 were reg a rd ed as m a lad ju sted (*7)0

The norm ative d a ta i s b ased on reco rd s o f 299 freshm en e n te r in g

Ohio S ta te U n iv e rs i ty . R o tte r , b a s in g h i s judgm ents e n t i r e ly Upon

in te l l ig e n c e m easurem ents, concluded t h a t th e r e was no rea so n f o r

f e e l in g t h a t th e se s tu d e n ts d i f f e r e d from th e freshm an c la s s as a

w h o le .(7 ) . Borms were e s ta b l is h e d e n t i r e ly in term s o f p e rc e n t i le s

from th e norm ative p o p u la tio n . The sm all sample and th e r e l a t i v e ly

poof c r i t e r i a employed le a v e s much to be d e s ire d .

The s ta n d a rd iz a tio n o f s c a t t e r a n a ly s is sco res as an in d ic a t io n

o f ad justm en t i s a ls o weak. The m a jo r ity o f a ttem p ts to s tu d y s t a ­

t i s t i c a l l y th e s ig n if ic a n c e o f s c a t t e r sco res have r e s u l te d in a. la c k

o f agreem ent w ith independent c r i t e r i a . However, many p sy c h o lo g is ts

c la im th a t s c a t t e r a n a ly s is i s o f va lue in d ia g n o s is . A lso , th e

a v a i la b le experim ents on th e v a l id i t y o f s c a t t e r a n a ly s is o f Wechs-

l e r 8s t e s t s have "been l im i te d to a s tu d y o f th e W-B I , VJechsler (9 )

f e e l s t h a t i t shou ld he p o s s ib le to use th e same method o f a n a ly s is

w ith th e WA1S as w ith th e W-B 1 b u t has no evidence beyond an im pres­

s io n o f lo g ic a l e q u a l i ty t h a t such a method o f a n a ly s is w i l l be sito-

c ess fu lo ' : - ■

W e s t:( l l)> who r e c e n t ly compared b o th in te l l ig e n c e q u o tie n ts and

s c a t t e r an a ly se s from th e se two t e s t s , o b ta in e d d isco u rag in g r e s u l t s <,

She found a s a t i s f a c t o r i l y h ig h c o r r e la t io n , betw een V erbal .In­

te l l ig e n c e Q uo tien ts from th e two t e s t s , b u t low c o r r e la t io n s , »321

and „544, betw een Perform ance and F u l l S ca le I n te l l ig e n c e Q uotien ts

re sp e c tiy e ly o Of th e 232 s u b te s t sco res which d i f f e r e d s ig n i f i c a n t ly

from -the average w eigh ted s c o re s , 36>5^ were th e same and in th e same

d i r e c t io n f o r th e W-B I and th e WAlS 0 She found t h a t a few s u b je c ts

a t ta in e d sco res on a s u b te s t which were s ig n i f ic a n t ly above t h e i r av ­

e rag es f o r one in s tru m en t and s ig n i f i c a n t ly below t h e i r averages f o r

th e o th e r * Only 15 o u t o f 50 c a lc u la te d rank o rd e r c o r r e la t io n s b e - •

tween w eigh ted s c o re s on t h e v a rio u s s u b te s ts o f th e two in s tru m en ts

were s ig n i f ic a n t ly g r e a te r th a n zero in a p o s i t iv e d i r e c t io n ; and 3

o f th e 50 were found to be n e g a tiv e » T h is ev idence would cause one to

q u e s tio n th e u se o f e i t h e r t h e . ISB o r th e WAIS s c a t t e r sco res as a

v a l id a t in g c r i te r io n * •.

The h ig h e s t c o r r e la t io h and th e l a r g e s t , F is h e r " t ” found in th e

p re se n t s tu d y , betw een s c a t t e r sco res ;on th e WAIS and th e sc o re s -o n

th e ISB, were found f o r v e rb a l s c a t te r* The c o e f f ic ie n t o f c o r r e la ­

t i o n o b ta in ed betw een v e rb a l s c a t t e r and th e ISB sco res i s a <,289 which

i s s ig n if ic a n t; a t th e ~Srr28$ l e v e l «, The F is h e r n.t". f o r th e d if fe re n c e .

heWeem s c a t t e r sc o re s f o r th e in d iv id u a ls s co r in g a t o r above 135

^.nd th o se sco r in g below 135 is ' s ig n i f ic a n t a t th e 5 2 .M l e v e l o f con­

f id e n c e . C onsidering t h i s p robab le s u p e r io r i ty o f v e rb a l s c a t t e r a s ;

a measure o f adjustm ent^ i t i s in te r e s t in g to n o te W est8 s . f in d in g s

( l l ) t h a t th e c o r r e la t io n betw een v e rb a l sco res on th e W-B X and th e

WAIS i s re la t iv e ly - h ig h w h ile th e c o r r e la t io n betw een perform ance

sco res i s so low as to be u n s a t i s f a c to r y ” The c o e f f ic ie n t o f c o r r e la ­

t i o n betw een perform ance s c a t t e r sco res and XSB sco res i s o n ly *004.

This m ight p o s s ib ly be a t t r i b u t e d to a f a i l u r e o f th e W-B I and th e

WAX8 perform ance s c a le to measure th e same th in g . , -

, , ' .. summsw : .

l i ^Forby f e m a l e s r a n g i n g in age from 17 thru. 22 and r e g i s te r e d

in' e lem entary psychology c la s s e s , to o k th e WA1S im m ediately fo llow ed

by th e I8B , ■ „

2« .-The c o r r e la t io n s "between th e th r e e main m easures o f s c a t t e r

and th e 1SB sco res were to o low to he o f va lue f o r p r e d ic t io n « The

h ig h e s t c o r r e la t io n o f .289 was betw een th e v e rb a l s c a t t e r and th e

XSB sc o re s . This v a lu e w a s s ig n i f ic a n t on ly a t th e 2.28% le v e l of

confidence =

, 3 , . F is h e r " t 1 s" were computed to determ ine A e th e r th e re were

S ig n if ic a n t d if f e re n c e s in s c a t te r : s c o r e s on th e WAIS betw een in d iv i ­

du a ls s co rin g h ig h e r t h a n '135 and th o se sco r in g low er th a n 135 on th e

ISBo The h ig h e s t " t" o b ta in e d was 0635 which was s ig n i f ic a n t only a t

th e 52 e 8% le v e l of con fid en ce <, •

There was a c e r t a in degree o f co n sis ten cy in th e S t a t i s t i c s

in th a t where c o r r e la t io n c o e f f ic ie n ts were h ig h o r low th e F is h e r

" t fs" were s im i la r ly h ig h o r low.

5° The co n c lu sio n w a s , :fhen> t h a t s c a t t e r sco res on th e WAIS do

n o t measure th e same th in g as th e p e r s o n a l i ty m aladjustm ent sco re on

th e ISB Due to th e inadequate degree o f s ta n d a rd iz a t io n o f th e two

t e s t s when employed f o r t h i s purpose, one cannot t e l l w hich, i f e i ­

th e r , o f th e two t e s t s i s a t f a u l t .

BIBLX06BAPHI

. 1 0 Anderson, H aro ld H, and Anderson, Gladys L» in tro d u c tio nto p ro je c t iv e te c h n iq u e s» Hew York s P re n tic e -H a ll , 1951=

2 o C h u rc h ill , R uth, and C ra n d a ll, Vaughn J= . R e l i a b i l i ty andv a l i d i t y o f incom plete sen ten ces te s t* Jo C o n su lt<, P sy c h o l.,■1955# 19? 345-350.

3o G u e rtin , W ilson Ho, P rank , George H», and R abin, A lb e r t I , Re- ; sea rch w ith th e W eehslef-B ellevue T e s ts 195d-1955« P sycho l. B u l l . , 1956, 53, 235-257*

4 . Rabin, A lb e rt 1. and G u e rtin , W ilson H. R esearch w ith th e Wesch-le r -B e lle v u e T ests 1945“1950«' P sy ch o l0 B u l l . , 1951, 4 8 , 211- 248, ; v ; . ■■ • ■: :

5 . R ap ap o rt,'D av id , G i l l , M erton, and S c h a fe r , R. D iag n o stic p sy -c h o lo g ic a l t e s t i n g , v o l . I and ITo Chicagos The Y ear Book pub i^ _ ; ; i . ’ ; ; v ; : . ::

6 . R apaport, D ayid, S ch a fe r , Roy and G i l l , M erton. Manual o f d ia g -m ostic p sy ch o lo g ica l t e s t i n g , v o l . I I , no . 2 . P u b lic a t io n o f J o s ia h Pfe-cy, J r . F oundation , l^PTT -

7= R o tte r , J u l ia n B. and R a f fe r ty , ■ J a n e t E . Manual, th e Incom plete Sen tences B lank - C ollege Form. Hew York s The P sy ch o lo g ica l C o rp o ra tio n , 1950»

8 . W atson, Robert I . The c l i n i c a l method in psychology. Hew York:H arper, 1951 . . ' • .

9 . W echsler, David,. The measurement o f a d u lt in t e l l i g e n c e . B al-t im o r e : The W illiam s and W ilk ins Co., 1944. '

10 . W echsler, D ayid. Manual f o r th e W echsler A dult In te l l ig e n c e S c a le . Hew York: The P sy ch o lo g ica l .C orpora tion , 1955»

,11 . W est, A lic e A. A com parison o f s u b te s t s c a t t e r on th e Wechs­l e r ‘-B ellevue -Form I and th e WAIS. U npublished M a s te r 's t h e s i s , U n iv e rs ity o f A rizona, 1956 .

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