ScandiNAOS Nya fartygsbränslen FKAB Kontaktknytarkväll 2011-10-06

Nya FartygsbränslenBengt Ramne and Per Fagerlund, ScandiNAOS AB

FKAB Kontaktknytarkväll 2011-10-06

EffShiEffShipEffi i t Shi i ith L E i iEfficient Shipping with Low Emissions

EffShip –pEfficient Shipping with low emissions

• The EffShip project is a research and development project partly funded by Vinnova in their program for “Environment innovations”.

• The projected started in December 2009 and runs for 40 months until March 2013.

• The EffShip project is based on the vision of a sustainable and successful maritime transport industry – one which is energy efficient and has minimal environmental impacts

• One of the main objectives of the project is to identify the best j p j yand most effective way for the shipping industry to comply with the upcoming regulations regarding emissions

EffShip –pEfficient Shipping with low emissions• Partners

SSPA – SSPA – ScandiNAOS– Wärtsilä– S-MAN – DEC – Chalmers – StoraEnso– Göteborg Energi– Svenska Orient Linjen– Stena Rederi

• Funding– Vinnova 60%, Partners 40%

• Duration– Dec 2009 – March 2013

EffShip – Work packagesp p g

• WP1 Project ManagementWP1 Project Management

• WP2 Present and Future Maritime Fuels

• WP3 Exhaust Gas Cleaning

• WP4 Energy Efficiency and Heat Recovery

• WP5 Energy Transformers

• WP6 System Impact when Using Wind Wave and Solar EnergyWP6 System Impact when Using Wind, Wave and Solar Energy

• WP7 Logistic system analysis

• WP8 Demonstration of Findings

• WP9 Final Reporting, Dissemination and Future Projects

EffShip – WP2 P d F M i i F lPresent and Future Maritime Fuels

• HFO • Biofuel

• LSHFO

• ULSHFO

• DME

• Methanol

• MDO

• MGO

• Synthetic

dieselMGO

• LNG

U i l tiUpcoming regulations

12

14

16

IMO NOx Technical code

NOx Tier II ‐ 2011 (Global)

NOx Tier III ‐ 2016 (NOx emission control areas)

gNOx/kWh

6

8

10

0

2

4

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

rpmFKAB Kontaktknytarkväll 2011-10-06

2.50%

Sulphur levels2.00%

Sulphur levelsMarine fuel in SECA

3.50%1.50%

Marine fuel in SECA area

0.1% = 1000 ppm

1.00%1.00%

Euro IV– Max 50 ppmEuro V City diesel

0 50%

Euro V, City dieselMax 10 ppm

0.10%0.005%

0.001%

0.50%

0.00%


Wh fi d lt ti t HFO?Where can we find alternatives to HFO?

Oil M i

Global energy use 2008Total approx 140 000 TWh

http://www.bp.com

Oil ‐Marine transport fuel

2.73%Nuclear5.06%

Geothermal0.18% Biofuels

0.18%

Solar photovoltic0.04%

(330 000 000 ton)

Oil ‐ Transport (non marine) fuel

Biomass3.66%

Solar heat0.46% Hydro

6.13%

Wind0.27%

19.68%

Oil ‐ Industry consumption2.96%

Coal

Oil ‐ Other sectors5.40%

Oil ‐ Non energy use%

Gas21.97%

27.15%

4.12%


Alternative Marine Fuel ‐ Feedstock and products

Crude oil Natural gas

Bio GasAnaerobic digestion Coal Biomass

Municipal waste Solar Hydro Wind Nuclear

RefiningCooling Reformation Gasification Electrolysis of water

163CCH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H C + ½O → CO H O→ H + ½O‐163C CO + 3 H2 C + ½O2 → CO H2O → H2 + ½O2

C + H2O → CO + H2CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 Carbon capture

CO2 + C → 2CO CO2

Residuals Distillates LNG SyngasResiduals Distillates LNG Syngas HFO MGO Hydrogen + Carbon monoxide (H2 + CO)

Methanol DME Gas to liquid ‐ GTLDirect synthesis, using a dual catalyst system Fischer Tropsch

CO + 2H2 → CH3OH Fixed bed reactor process (Haldor Topsö) CrackingSlurry bed reactor process (JFE, Air Products and

CO2 + 3H2 → CH3OH +H2Oy p (

Chemicals) ParaffinCO2 + H2 → CO +H2O Naptha

DieselDME

Dehydration of methanol2CH3OH → CH3OCH3 + H2O

DME to liquidMobile process

HFO ICE MGO ICE LNG ICE/FC Methanol Synthetic Na Hydrogen asHFO ICE Fuel

MGO ICE Fuel

LNG ICE/FC Fuel

Methanol ICE/FC Fuel

Synthetic petrol DME ICE Fuel Paraffin Na‐

ptha Diesel Hydrogen as ICE/FC Fuel

Diesel fuel Diesel fuel Otto fuel Otto fuel Otto fuel Diesel fuel

Requires spark

Requires sparkspark

ignition or dual fuel

spark ignition or dual fuel ScandiNAOS/BR 2011‐03‐23


Natural gas well head price

0.010 €/kWh

Methanol cost ex works

0.025 €/kWh

Methanol along side Göteborg

0.05 €/kWh

Methanol produced from forest products

0.072 €/kWh

1244 $/ton MGO eqv.

183 $/ton Crudeeqv.

432 $/ton MGO eqv. 863 $/ton MGO eqv.

44 q

Natural gas well head price

0.010 €/kWh

183 $/ton Crudeeqv.

LNG cost ex works

0.02 €/kWh

345 $/ton MGO eqv.

LNG along side Göteborg

0.046 €/kWh

794 $/ton MGO eqv.

LNG FOB Zeebrugge

0.03 €/kWh

518 $/ton MGO eqv.

Crude oil well head price

115 $/bbl

843 $/ton

Crude landed (WTI/Brent approx)

119 $/bbl

0 051 €/kWh

MGO port price

0.062 €/kWh

1070 $/ton0.051 €/kWh

872 $/ton

HFO port price

0 041 €/kWh0.041 €/kWh

698 $/ton


North Europe SECA(Baltic Sea, North Sea and

)English Channel)

Estimated Marine Fuel Market 2015

Without SECA rules With SECA rules

HFO 18 000 000 8 000 000 Assuming 40% of the ships will fit a scrubber

MDO/MGO 2 000 000 6 000 000Assuming 30% of the ships will

change to 0.1% MGO

3 %Alternative fuel(LNG, Methanol) 6 000 000

Assuming 30% of the ships will change to a clean fuel that is

cheaper than MGO

Metric Tons fuel oil equivalents

North Europe SECA(Baltic Sea, North Sea and English Channel)

Estimated Marine Fuel Market 2015

With SECA rules Consequence

HFO 8 000 000 Several thousand vessels to install scrubber

Scrubber installation cost:Several billion EURO

MDO/MGO 6 000 000 Minimum 50% cost increase

Alternative fuel (LNG, Methanol) 6 000 000 New fuel market annual

turnover 4 billion EURO

Metric Tons fuel oil equivalents

SPIRETHSPIRETHAlcohol (Spirit) and Ether as Marine fuel

Wärtsilä Dual Fuel Concept for Methanol

+ NOx < Tier III without SCR/EGR+ NOx < Tier III without SCR/EGR+ possible small modifications cost of DF

engine

- formaldehyde in exhaust emissions (10% of THC)methanol is corrosive- methanol is corrosive

- knocking behaviour (Otto combustion) - bmep reduction compared to diesel- worse load acceptance compared to diesel p p


Wärtsilä Gas Diesel Concept for Methanol

+ no knocking (diesel combustion) + no power reduction + good load acceptance

- NOx > Tier III if not EGR or SCR- formaldehyde in exhaust emissions- methanol is corrosive - compressor system alt. Liquid pumps

will be required high cost


SPIRETH

Th • The concept– Bunker methanol– Upgrade methanol to DME onboard– Use the DME in the existing diesel engines

(only minor modifications required)

SPIRETHTh il t j tThe pilot project

SPIRETH

Th b fit• The benefits– Methanol can be made available in principle

everywhereeverywhere– The Methanol market works much better

than the LNG market– Methanol can be stored in hull tanks– Methanol energy cost lower than for MGO– Methanol-DME operation will fulfil tier 3

NOx requirements without after treatmentTh t f i d/ d ti t – The cost for conversion and/or adaption to methanol is a fraction of the comparable cost for LNG

EffShip & SPIRETHp

There are a lot of opportunities in methanol!There are a lot of opportunities in methanol!

Thank youThank you

ScandiNAOS Nya fartygsbränslen FKAB Kontaktknytarkväll 2011-10-06

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