scal_ug

SCAL

User Guide

2009.1

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Patent informationSchlumberger ECLIPSE reservoir simulation software is protected by US Patents 6,018,497, 6,078,869 and 6,106,561, and UK PatentsGB 2,326,747 B and GB 2,336,008 B. Patents pending. Schlumberger FrontSim reservoir simulation software is protected by US Patent2004/0015295A1.

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SCAL User Guide Table of Contents

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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..... ...................................................................................................................................................................5List of Tables ...... ...................................................................................................................................................................7

Chapter 1 - New Developments ....................................................................................................... 9Developments for 2007.1 .......................................................................................................................................................9Developments for 2000A ......................................................................................................................................................10

Chapter 2 - Introduction ................................................................................................................. 13Overview............. .................................................................................................................................................................13Records and attributes .........................................................................................................................................................14

Chapter 3 - Getting Started ............................................................................................................ 15Starting SCAL..... .................................................................................................................................................................15Graphical user interface .......................................................................................................................................................17

Chapter 4 - Tutorials ....................................................................................................................... 19Introduction......... .................................................................................................................................................................19Available tutorials .................................................................................................................................................................20Tutorial 1: Creating Saturation Tables for ECLIPSE.............................................................................................................21Tutorial 2: Correlations .........................................................................................................................................................29

Chapter 5 - Reference section ....................................................................................................... 33Introduction......... .................................................................................................................................................................33SCAL-GF ............ .................................................................................................................................................................35SCAL Loader ...... .................................................................................................................................................................37Main SCAL window ..............................................................................................................................................................39Record editor ...... .................................................................................................................................................................57Graph module..... .................................................................................................................................................................66Record selector .. .................................................................................................................................................................84Keyword generator ...............................................................................................................................................................86Generate Pc curves..............................................................................................................................................................93Archies parameters..............................................................................................................................................................94Merging and associating.......................................................................................................................................................953D grid viewer..... .................................................................................................................................................................98Three-phase relative permeability ......................................................................................................................................131

Chapter 6 - Technical description ............................................................................................... 135Input and output.. ...............................................................................................................................................................135Functions ............ ...............................................................................................................................................................137Derived data ....... ...............................................................................................................................................................141Three-phase relative permeabilities....................................................................................................................................143Hysteresis ........... ...............................................................................................................................................................148Units ................... ...............................................................................................................................................................149

Appendix A - File formats ............................................................................................................ 151The SCAL input file (.RCI) ..................................................................................................................................................151Saturation log data file ........................................................................................................................................................165The SCAL tables output file (.RCP)....................................................................................................................................166The SCAL properties output file .........................................................................................................................................168

4 SCAL User GuideTable of Contents

Appendix B - The Calculator........................................................................................................ 169Introduction ......... ...............................................................................................................................................................169Language definition ............................................................................................................................................................170Keywords ............ ...............................................................................................................................................................173Built-in constants ...............................................................................................................................................................177Built-in functions . ...............................................................................................................................................................178Operators............ ...............................................................................................................................................................180Symbol functions ...............................................................................................................................................................181Unit support ........ ...............................................................................................................................................................184Commands ......... ...............................................................................................................................................................187SCAL-specific commands...................................................................................................................................................192Special variables. ...............................................................................................................................................................200Special variables specific to SCAL .....................................................................................................................................201Calculator utilities ...............................................................................................................................................................208Startup files......... ...............................................................................................................................................................210Debugging .......... ...............................................................................................................................................................211Example Calculator files .....................................................................................................................................................213

Appendix C - Windows and panels ............................................................................................. 215Windows ............. ...............................................................................................................................................................215Special windows . ...............................................................................................................................................................217Panels................. ...............................................................................................................................................................218Data Tables ........ ...............................................................................................................................................................221Window Items ..... ...............................................................................................................................................................222

Appendix D - Configuring SCAL ................................................................................................. 225SECTION SCAL options.....................................................................................................................................................225SECTION FRAMEWORK options.......................................................................................................................................226SECTION HELP.. ...............................................................................................................................................................227SECTION FLOGRID...........................................................................................................................................................228

Appendix E - Glossary ................................................................................................................. 229

Appendix F - Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 233

Appendix G - Index ....................................................................................................................... 235

SCAL User Guide List of Figures

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List of FiguresChapter 1 - New Developments ....................................................................................................... 9

Chapter 2 - Introduction ................................................................................................................. 13

Chapter 3 - Getting Started ............................................................................................................ 15

Chapter 4 - Tutorials ....................................................................................................................... 19Figure 4.1 .......... Record tree after merging Kr and Pc records .........................................................................................25Figure 4.2 .......... Final record tree structure.......................................................................................................................26Figure 4.3 .......... Graph of data points from fitted function.................................................................................................30

Chapter 5 - Reference section ....................................................................................................... 33Figure 5.1 .......... The main SCAL window .........................................................................................................................39Figure 5.2 .......... An example record tree ..........................................................................................................................40Figure 5.3 .......... The Property Transformer panel.............................................................................................................55Figure 5.4 .......... Normalize Graph Data panel ..................................................................................................................73Figure 5.5 .......... Denormalise Graph Data panel ..............................................................................................................74Figure 5.6 .......... Generate New Curves by Averaging panel ............................................................................................75Figure 5.7 .......... The Generate New Curves by Interpolation panel..................................................................................76Figure 5.8 .......... End Point Scaling Curve Viewer.............................................................................................................78Figure 5.9 .......... Graph settings panel...............................................................................................................................80Figure 5.10 ........ Graph preferences screen ......................................................................................................................81Figure 5.11 ........ PostScript panel......................................................................................................................................99Figure 5.12 ........ Write Image panel.................................................................................................................................100Figure 5.13 ........ Property Display panel..........................................................................................................................103Figure 5.14 ........ Cell Probe panel ...................................................................................................................................104Figure 5.15 ........ Integer Threshold panel........................................................................................................................105Figure 5.16 ........ Real Threshold panel............................................................................................................................106Figure 5.17 ........ Control buttons .....................................................................................................................................107Figure 5.18 ........ The Animate Time panel.......................................................................................................................109Figure 5.19 ........ The timestep control buttons ................................................................................................................109Figure 5.20 ........ The Animate Time Options panel .........................................................................................................110Figure 5.21 ........ IJK Slicer panel.....................................................................................................................................111Figure 5.22 ........ VOI Grid Cells panel .............................................................................................................................112Figure 5.23 ........ VOI Domain Selection panel.................................................................................................................113Figure 5.24 ........ Create VOI From Boundary panel ........................................................................................................114Figure 5.25 ........ The Cell Face Selection panel ..............................................................................................................115Figure 5.26 ........ Create Property Type panel..................................................................................................................116Figure 5.27 ........ Object Appearance panel .....................................................................................................................117Figure 5.28 ........ Ternary legend......................................................................................................................................118Figure 5.29 ........ Color legend .........................................................................................................................................118Figure 5.30 ........ Camera Rotation panel .........................................................................................................................122Figure 5.31 ........ Lighting panel .......................................................................................................................................123Figure 5.32 ........ Edit Titles panel ....................................................................................................................................124Figure 5.33 ........ Axes panel ............................................................................................................................................125Figure 5.34 ........ Mouse actions.......................................................................................................................................129Figure 5.35 ........ Reservoir rotation. ................................................................................................................................130Figure 5.36 ........ 3D 3Phase Rel. Perm. Viewer ..............................................................................................................132

Chapter 6 - Technical description ............................................................................................... 135Figure 6.1 .......... The default three-phase oil relative permeability model assumed by ECLIPSE...................................143Figure 6.2 .......... Calculating the minimum residual oil saturation from the water saturation...........................................144

6 SCAL User GuideList of Figures

Figure 6.3 ........... Calculating the minimum residual oil saturation from the gas saturation..............................................145

Appendix A - File formats ............................................................................................................ 151

Appendix B - The Calculator........................................................................................................ 169

Appendix C - Windows and panels ............................................................................................. 215Figure C.1 .......... The Text Editor window ........................................................................................................................217Figure C.2 .......... Example of a modal panel ....................................................................................................................218Figure C.3 .......... Example of a modeless panel...............................................................................................................219Figure C.4 .......... Example window items .........................................................................................................................223

Appendix D - Configuring SCAL ................................................................................................. 225



Appendix G - Index ....................................................................................................................... 235

SCAL User Guide List of Tables

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List of TablesChapter 1 - New Developments ....................................................................................................... 9

Chapter 2 - Introduction ................................................................................................................. 13

Chapter 3 - Getting Started ............................................................................................................ 15

Chapter 4 - Tutorials ....................................................................................................................... 19

Chapter 5 - Reference section ....................................................................................................... 33Table 5.1 ECLIPSE family (i) keywords...................................................................................................................91Table 5.2 ECLIPSE family (ii) keywords ..................................................................................................................91Table 5.3 End-point scaling keywords or keyword families .....................................................................................91Table 5.4 Cell-based property keywords or keyword families..................................................................................91Table 5.5 Configuration file settings ......................................................................................................................100Table 5.6 Open Inventor settings...........................................................................................................................127Table 5.7 OIFloViz Settings ...................................................................................................................................128Table 5.8 GeoFrame settings ................................................................................................................................128Table 5.9 RTView settings.....................................................................................................................................128

Chapter 6 - Technical description ............................................................................................... 135Table 6.1 The four unit sets supported by SCAL...................................................................................................149

Appendix A - File formats ............................................................................................................ 151Table A.1 ECLIPSE keywords supported in the SCAL input file ............................................................................153Table A.2 Relative permeability .............................................................................................................................153Table A.4 J function keywords ...............................................................................................................................154Table A.3 Capillary pressure..................................................................................................................................154Table A.5 End point scaling versus depth saturation table keywords ....................................................................157Table A.6 End point scaling versus depth relative permeability table keywords....................................................157Table A.7 Description.............................................................................................................................................159Table A.8 Procedures attributes.............................................................................................................................160Table A.9 Results attributes ...................................................................................................................................160Table A.10 End point scaling attributes....................................................................................................................162

Appendix B - The Calculator........................................................................................................ 169Table B.1 Standard Calculator keyword descriptions ............................................................................................173Table B.2 Built-in constants ...................................................................................................................................177Table B.3 Built-in functions ....................................................................................................................................178Table B.4 Supported operators ..............................................................................................................................180Table B.5 Symbol functions ...................................................................................................................................181Table B.6 Variables defined when simulation property editing ..............................................................................200Table B.7 Variables defined when using a Calculator function within SCAL.........................................................201Table B.8 Variables defined when processing records and generating keywords.................................................201Table B.9 Calculator attributes defined by SCAL...................................................................................................202Table B.10 Example Calculator files ........................................................................................................................213

Appendix C - Windows and panels ............................................................................................. 215Table C.1 The default pushbutton action ...............................................................................................................219Table C.2 Panel interaction ....................................................................................................................................220Table C.3 Window items ........................................................................................................................................222

8 SCAL User GuideList of Tables

Table C.4 Interaction with a dropdown list box.......................................................................................................223

Appendix D - Configuring SCAL ................................................................................................. 225



Appendix G - Index ....................................................................................................................... 235

SCAL User Guide New DevelopmentsDevelopments for 2007.1

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Chapter 1New Developments

Developments for 2007.1Maintenance of this application is continuing until further notice.

10 New Developments SCAL User GuideDevelopments for 2000A

Developments for 2000A

GeneralSaturation Height model display is now complete with various display options. You may create Capillary Pressure (Pc) Reservoir or Saturation Height curves. A new option to generate Pc Reservoir curves from saturation logs is also available. In addition to these two, SCAL now supports resistivity index and formation factor plots to calculate Archies parameters.

Saturation Height curvesFrom a capillary pressure display, you can convert the same curve into Pc reservoir or Saturation height/depth model. The view can be adjusted by changing various parameters and can be calibrated by using saturation logs.

Saturation height model can be saved into an ASCII file to be used in other 3D applications.

Generating Capillary Pressure CurvesA new option to generate capillary pressure curves from the saturation logs is available. You need to use the appropriate fitting methods to generate a smooth curve. The raw curve may be discarded later as it can spoil the graph display.

Archies parametersA new option to plot Resistivity Index or Formation Factor data is available. Formation Factor curves can be plotted only for a group of curves (as there is only one FF measurement per sample). Appropriate fit functions may be used to generate the cementation exponent and cementation factor for the group.

Resistivity plots are available for records as well as groups. If a group of records is plotted, the application will show two sets of curves, one for the group and the other for individual records. The user may fit the curves to generate the saturation exponent for each record and also for the group.

Note A group in these two experiments represents a zone, so it is up to the user to create a group of records that belongs to a particular zone before calculating Archies parameters.

2D display improvementsIn 99B it was possible to set rules for controlling the color of lines, and optionally marker colors could be defined using the same rule.

SCAL User Guide New DevelopmentsDevelopments for 2000A

11

It is now possible, in 2000A, to set independent rules for line color, marker color and marker shape.

This is of particular use in cross-plots, where individual markers may be shaped and/or colored according to some characteristic of the record they originate from.

12 New Developments SCAL User GuideDevelopments for 2000A

SCAL User Guide IntroductionOverview

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Chapter 2Introduction

OverviewSCAL is a tool to help engineers effectively use laboratory-derived relative permeability and capillary pressure measurements in reservoir simulation.

The program has facilities to:

import laboratory data,

perform quality control (such as curve smoothing),

group data according to lithological parameters and end-point values,

transform the laboratory data into rock curves suitable for input to simulators such as ECLIPSE and automatically assign these curves to grid cells (according to a set of user defined rules, for example as a function of porosity, permeability or lithological parameters).

The output consists of a series of INCLUDE files, for both the PROPS and REGIONS sections. The program is a Windows-type program. It runs on both PC and UNIX workstations, and makes use of GUI facilities such as drag-and-drop and 3D visualization.

A major goal of SCAL is to be as open as possible. To this end maximum use is made of the Calculator. The Calculator is a simple programming language with access to program internal variables. It can also issue commands back to the program.

Using the Calculator makes it possible for you to implement algorithms which are not provided as standard in the program (company confidential algorithms, for instance).

By using SCAL, you are able to make more systematic use of the special core analysis data available to you. This should improve the results of reservoir simulation.

14 Introduction SCAL User GuideRecords and attributes

Records and attributesA key concept in SCAL is that of a record. A record is a collection of data items known as attributes. Attributes are of various types and can contain information such as the name of a core sample, the wettability of the sample, or the relative permeability of the sample. A list of the attributes is given under "The attribute section" on page 159.

Record typesIn most circumstances a record can be considered as the results of an experiment on a single core plug. The key piece of information in a record is normally a capillary pressure curve or a relative permeability curve. Records can be merged so that they hold both relative permeability and capillary pressure. This is normally done before writing out the simulator saturation keyword tables.

In addition records can hold data about arbitrary functions or correlations. These records are known as relationship records. They may be generated from the data held in several other records (for example a porosity-permeability relationship) or created from scratch.

SupplementsSCAL supports the most common special core analysis data items. However other data items may be specified as supplemental attributes or supplements. These named data items are specified in the same way as for normal attributes but in the supplement section of a record. Once you have specified a supplement, you can use it in the same way as the normal attributes.

Supplements can be boolean, integer, string, real, table or function.

RangesRecords can also contain information specifying how the data in the record is to be used in a simulation. This is specified in the PROPERTY section of the input file. The data is a simulator property (map) name and either a set of integer values or an upper and lower limit.

SCAL-GeoFrameIn the SCAL-GeoFrame version, a collection represents all the records that were loaded from a SCAL input file (for easy identification, the name of a collection would be the same as that of the ascii file that was loaded from). A record is stored as a special core analysis data item under a core sample.

SCAL User Guide Getting StartedStarting SCAL

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Chapter 3Getting Started

Starting SCAL

Windows NT and Windows 95 platforms

ECLIPSE Suite program launcher1 Start the ECLIPSE Program Launcher.

2 Click on the SCAL icon

Select the version and working directories as required.

Command line1 Type the command $SCAL in a command prompt window.

UNIX platforms1 Type the command @scal at the command prompt.

SCAL under GeoFrame1 Type the command Geonet at the command prompt.2 Select GeoFrame from drop down list.

Starting a new project1 Click the Project Manager... button

16 Getting Started SCAL User GuideStarting SCAL

2 Enter SCAL_GF in the New Project Name field and enter the password.3 Click OK.

Note For further information regarding Storage Setting and Data Base Administration see the GeoFrame manual.

Starting SCAL-GF1 Once a new project and memory allocation are completed click on the GeoFrame Login...

button.

2 Click OK to confirm.

3 Select SCAL_GF Project under the Projects list and enter the password.

4 Click on Connect and Application Manager...

5 In the Application Manager panel click on the Reservoir button.

6 Select SCAL and Scal Loader under the Products list.

SCAL User Guide Getting StartedGraphical user interface

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Graphical user interfaceSCAL uses the graphical user interface common to many ECLIPSE Suite Simulation Software products. See "Windows and panels" on page 215 for more information on the GUI.

18 Getting Started SCAL User GuideGraphical user interface

SCAL User Guide TutorialsIntroduction

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Chapter 4Tutorials

IntroductionThe aim of this section is to demonstrate how to perform several typical operations on the results of core data experiments using SCAL. Since the emphasis of these tutorials is to demonstrate the effective use of laboratory derived relative permeability and capillary pressure measurements in reservoir simulation as opposed to exercising all the program options, some menu options and areas of functionality are omitted. Nevertheless, the first tutorial in particular aims to acquaint you with the major aspects of SCAL. The remaining tutorials explain the options in greater detail. Precise instructions are provided for each step of the tutorial whilst input data, graphical displays and output reports are reproduced within this document where appropriate.

Note These tutorials are not meant to teach special core analysis; rather, they are intended to familiarize you with the facilities available.

Each tutorial is divided into a number of distinct sections intended to highlight a specific aspect of the analysis process. To avoid repetition, later tutorials assume familiarity with some procedures used in earlier tutorials, so it is strongly recommended that you work through them in the order they are presented.

20 Tutorials SCAL User GuideAvailable tutorials

Available tutorials1 "Tutorial 1: Creating Saturation Tables for ECLIPSE" on page 21

2 "Tutorial 2: Correlations" on page 29.

SCAL User Guide TutorialsTutorial 1: Creating Saturation Tables for ECLIPSE

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Tutorial 1: Creating Saturation Tables for ECLIPSE

IntroductionThis tutorial demonstrates how to bring data into your project in an efficient way and finally how to export the validated saturation functions for use in the simulator.

The tutorial stages are as follows:

"Creating a new record" on page 21.

"Importing relative permeability saturation functions" on page 22.

"Importing capillary pressure into relative permeability records" on page 23.

"Importing additional data by opening an existing SCAL project" on page 24.

"Viewing the data in graphical form" on page 24.

"Merging Kr and Pc records" on page 24.

"Selecting saturation functions for ECLIPSE" on page 25.

"Exporting ECLIPSE saturation tables" on page 26.

"Saving a SCAL project" on page 26.

Creating a new record1 Copy the contents of the SCAL/TUTORIALS/SATTBLS directory to your current

working directory, then run SCAL.

2 Options | Edit Records... or click on the button.

As no records were dropped onto the button, the Editor has no records loaded. Any data that is entered into the various panels of the Editor will therefore be part of a new record.

3 Select the Description tab (Des).

This brings the Description panel to the front. This panel stores basic data about the location and type of the core that was used in the experiment.

Note Data for SCAL records does not have to be entered in any particular order, but it is usual to start with the Description panel because the name of the record is stored there.

4 Enter the following data, leaving blank the fields not mentioned:

Sample name:CS1 Reservoir name:Reservoir 1 Zone:Sector 1 Well name:G1

Core Depth:7979 ft HAOWC:421 ft

5 Click on Apply to commit the data.

22 Tutorials SCAL User GuideTutorial 1: Creating Saturation Tables for ECLIPSE

On the main window, a new blank record is created under the Misc. group as there is not enough information to allow SCAL to place the record under the appropriate group.

6 In the Editor panel, select the Procedures tab (Pro).

This brings the Procedures panel to front. This panel allows you to specify details about the experiment performed on this particular core sample.

(The information on this tab is optional.)

7 Enter the following data:

(Note that in several of the fields, the data can be entered by using the drop-down list, accessible by clicking in the small down-pointing arrow at the right side of the field.)

8 Click on Apply to commit.

9 Select the Results tab (Res).

This panel allows you to specify non-tabular experimental results, such as absolute permeabilities and saturation end points.

The Kr basis should be defined before importing the table relative permeability data. If the Kr basis is left undefined, SCAL considers the record incomplete and places it in the Bad group. Also, if the Kr basis is defined but no value of permeability has been entered, a warning is given in the Log window.

10 Set the following information and click on Apply:

Importing relative permeability saturation functions 1 Editor: File | New | Table.

This opens the New table selector panel. This panel allows you to display the tabular experiment results. If a particular type of data exists for this record its name is marked with an asterisk (*) and it is at the top of the drop-down list.

2 Select the gas-water relative permeabilities (KRGW) from the drop-down list, or click on the drop-down arrow and press the K keyboard key repeatedly until KRGW is displayed in the field.

Kr experiment: Steady Pc experiment: PorPlate Flooding orientation: Vertical Displaced phase: Gas Injected phase: Water Water density: 1 g/cc Gas density: 0.01473 g/cc Water viscosity: 1 cp Gas viscosity: 0.023 cp

Kr basis: KgSwi Porosity: 0.23 KgSwi: 300 (in the Permeability table on the bottom left)


23

3 Click on OK.

This creates an empty tab with a two-phase gas/water relative permeabilities table, called krgw. The data required to populate the saturation table are gas saturations, gas relative permeability and water relative permeability. The values can be typed in separately or imported from a text file. To save time we will import the data.

4 Click with the right mouse button over the empty saturation table. Select Table Import | From file from the pop-up menu.

5 Select the file KRGW1.TXT and OPEN.6 Ensure that Tab and Space are selected as delimiters and also notice the columns in the file

correspond correctly with the columns in the SCAL table. Click on OK to import the data.

7 Accept any warnings generated that indicate records failed validation - this means that any comments or header lines in the imported data are ignored.

8 Click on OK in the Editor panel.

The Record Tree now shows a K on the CS1 record node, indicating that it now contains relative permeability data. The group it is in has been renamed to Rel. Perm. (GW), indicating that it contains gas-water data.

Note The current release of SCAL does not account for hysteresis, and therefore ignores any information about the direction of the experiment. Here it has ignored the displacement information on the Procedures panel, which indicates that the initial water saturation must have been lower than the final water saturation; it has instead determined that Sgi=0.3 and therefore Swi=0.7. In gas-water and gas-oil systems SCAL always chooses endpoints so that Sgi


8 Click on OK in the Editor panel to apply the new data and close the panel. The CS1 record on the Record Tree is now marked with KP, indicating it has both relative permeability and capillary pressure data.

Importing additional data by opening an existing SCAL project1 File | Open Records

2 Choose CORE.RCI (found in the SCAL/TUTORIALS/SATTBLS directory). The file is read and the records and groups are displayed in the main SCAL window. Any problems encountered in the file are written to the Log window.

Viewing the data in graphical form

1 Drag the node called Rel.Perm. (GW) on to the kr plot button .

This displays all three records in graphical form.

2 In the same way, drag the Capillary Pressure record labeled CS2 on to the Pc plot button

.

3 To add the Capillary Pressure information from CS1, click on the box to the left of CS1

(labeled KP) and drag it to Pc plot .

This adds CS1 data to the graph already on display.

4 Close the Graph panel.

Merging Kr and Pc records

Note Note that there are two separate records for CS2. Prior to writing out ECLIPSE SWFN and SGFN tables, we must merge the records for CS2. This ensures that both relative permeability and capillary pressure information are correctly listed for use by ECLIPSE.

1 Options | Merge Records

This opens the Record Merger panel. We want to merge the Kr and Pc records for CS 2 only.

2 Select Rel. Perm. (GW) as the Primary group.3 As we want to merge the Kr and Pc records for CS2 only, in the Define merge record

pairs folder delete Primary names CS3 and CS1 by selecting any cell in those rows in the table and pressing Ctrl-D in each (press the Ctrl and D keys at the same time).

4 Select Cap. Press. (GW) as the Secondary group.5 Enter Merged (GW) in the Merged group field.6 Enter CS2_KP in the Merged names column of the Define merge record pairs tab.


25

7 Enter CS2 as both Primary name and Secondary name for the one remaining row in the Define merge record pairs tab.

8 Click on Apply then on OK.

A new group called Merged (GW) has been placed on the Record Tree. This group contains a new record CS2_KP. It is marked with a KP, indicating both relative permeability and capillary pressure data have been defined for this record. The CS2_KP record has also been added to the Rel. Perm.(GW) group.

You need to merge records if you want to output ECLIPSE table keywords (such as SWOF), as they need to contain both relative permeability and capillary pressure data.

Your record tree should now look similar to Figure 4.1.Figure 4.1 Record tree after merging Kr and Pc records

Selecting saturation functions for ECLIPSE1 Drag the CS1 record from the Rel. Perm (GW) group to an empty area of the Record Tree.

This creates a new group for export.

2 Rename the new group by clicking with the right mouse button on the Group node and selecting Change Label from the pop-up menu.

3 Type Simulation Records in Group Label and click on OK.4 Drag CS2_KP from the Rel. Perm. (GW) group onto the Simulation Records group

node.This adds a copy of CS2_KP to the Simulation Records group.

Note Dragging a record from the root tree copies the record to the designated group.If the drag-and-drop is done from one group to another, not from the root group, the selected record(s) are moved to the designated group.

The Record Tree should now look similar to Figure 4.2.

To change the width, point to the left or right window border. When the pointer changes into a horizontal double-headed arrow, drag the border to the right or left.

Hint If you want to merge all records from Rel. Perm. group (primary group) with all records from Cap. Press. group (secondary group), select the Merge All Record Combinations tab. This option creates all combinations that exist with the two selected groups without further input.If this tab is not visible, either widen the panel, or click on the button at the top right of the table.


Figure 4.2 Final record tree structure

Exporting ECLIPSE saturation tables

1 Drag the Simulation Records group onto the Keywords button .


3 Click on the Browser button next to the Output File name field to open a browser panel.

4 Select the directory, enter MY_TBL as the file name and click on Open. You should indicate the file name but not the file name extension.

5 In the Keyword Generator panel, click on Write. This generates the saturation tables and writes them to a file called user.rcp in your working directory. Close the panel.

Hint You may want to select Settings on the Keyword Generator panel. This opens the Keyword Generator Settings panel, whose functionality is discussed in "The keyword generation settings panel" on page 89.

6 You can inspect this file using the SCAL text editor by selecting Tools | Text Editor on the

main SCAL panel. Indicate the MY_TBL.RCP file using the open button . You will see that there are two SWFN tables and two SGFN tables in the file. These correspond to the two records in the Simulation Records group.

This file can now be included in the PROPS section of an ECLIPSE 100/300 data file. 7 Close the Text Editor.

Saving a SCAL project1 File | Save.

Type of data to process Tables Table keyword Family (ii) - SWFN & SGFN Overwrite Checked


27

2 Enter USER.RCI as the file name.3 Click on Save.

This saves all the records and information concerning the group structure.

Hint If you had problems with the tutorial you can look at the example file SATTBLS.RCP for comparison.

Saving a SCAL project using *.CMDLOG.For every SCAL session, a SCAL.CMDLOG file is produced and written to your working directory. This file is overwritten each time a new SCAL session is started. For this reason the SCAL.CMDLOG file should be saved to a different name at the end of each SCAL session.Actions performed in SCAL that changed the state of the data are logged as commands to SCAL.CMDLOG. These commands may be replayed to rerun a complete session in a new SCAL session. Alternatively, the command file may be edited and portions of a session replayed.

At any stage in a session the project may be saved using this procedure by following these steps.

1 Tools | Text Editor...

This opens the Text Editor panel.

2 File | Open... and select SCAL.CMDLOG from your working directory.3 Text Editor: File | Save as...

4 Rename the file USER.CMDLOG and click on Save.5 File | Clear all data...

6 Click on OK to delete all records, grid and properties from the program.

7 File | Play Commands

8 Select USER.CMDLOG from your working directory.

Discussion This tutorial demonstrated how to create a SCAL project from scratch with only core

sample information and saturation tables available.

It involved entering data by hand, importing tables from files, creating records by copying and modifying others.

Although it started by constructing records for relative permeability, it could have started with capillary pressure instead SCAL does not require a particular input order.

It showed how different types of table data (relative permeability and capillary pressure) from the same core can be stored in the same record, or in separate records with the same name.

It showed how new records can be created by merging records containing relative permeability and capillary pressure data.

It demonstrated how ECLIPSE saturation tables can be generated from the merged records.

Finally, it showed how to save the records to a project file which can be read back into SCAL later.


Hint Sometimes it is easiest to create the SCAL input file directly using the text editor such as Notepad or vi. The input format is described in "File formats" on page 151.

SCAL User Guide TutorialsTutorial 2: Correlations

29

Tutorial 2: Correlations

IntroductionThis section aims to show how to plot cross-plots of reservoir parameters and, where applicable, how to generate correlation functions from the observed relationships.

The tutorial stages are as follows:

"Opening the SCAL project" on page 29

"Cross-plotting core data" on page 29

"Saving the record" on page 31

Opening the SCAL project1 Copy the files from the scal/tutorials/correlations directory to your working

directory.

2 File | Open Records

3 Open CORR.RCI.

Cross-plotting core data

1 Options | Edit Records

2 From the Editor, select File | New | Supplement Table


4 Click on OK and inspect the swivdep table that has been created.

5 Click on OK to save the information and close the Editor panel.

6 Drag the SWIVDEP record onto the "Cross plot" button .

7 Double-click on SWIVDEP in the Legend to open up the Plot Style panel.

8 On the Axis tab of the Plot Style panel set the following:

9 Y Axis Range of 0.1 to 0.6; Click off the Limit Range box.

10 X Axis Range of 3000 to 3010; click off the Limit Range box

11 Click OK to accept the Plot Style changes and inspect the graphed relationship.

12 To create a correlation, select Edit | Table from the Graph panel.

Attribute name: SWIVDEP X column name: COREDEPTH Y column name: SWI Load from group: Checked Group: Rel. Perm. (OW)

30 Tutorials SCAL User GuideTutorial 2: Correlations

13 Select QUADRATIC FUNCTION from the Function drop-down list.

The table of fitting parameters is automatically loaded with some initial values. For most functions the initial values are first attempts at fitting the data. You have to use the Fit button to get the program to try and find the parameters that give the best fit. In the case of the quadratic function, the initial values are normally very good

14 To illustrate this, click on Fit to fine-tune the parameters.

The coefficients probably change very little, if at all.

15 Click on Generate and then on Apply.

This generates data points from this fitted function and displays them on the graph. The graph should look similar to the one in Figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3 Graph of data points from fitted function

Hint If you do not like the fit you can click on the swivdep tab, alter the coefficients (or fit a different correlation function), then Generate another curve. Each curve fit that is generated occupies a new tab.If you have closed the Editor panel, select Graph: Edit | Table to re-open it.

16 Click on OK to close the Editor panel.

17 Close the Graph panel.

SCAL User Guide TutorialsTutorial 2: Correlations

31

Saving the record1 Right-click on the Misc. group.

2 Select Save to File from the pop-up menu.

3 Name the output file misc.rci.4 Click on Save.

5 Tools | Text Editor.

6 Open misc.rci. Examine the way the records are stored. You can compare your results to CORR_FINAL.RCI.

Discussion

Hint If you had difficulty, the files misc.rci and MISC_FINAL.RCI contain the results from this tutorial.

This tutorial showed how to create a relationship between two attributes.

The relationship was displayed graphically and a standard correlation was fitted to the relationship.

A correlation was used to regenerate missing data.

We showed how a fitted correlation be tuned manually by changing the values of the coefficients. Normally you would only attempt to derive data from a correlation if you know what the functions coefficient values should be, but you might also want to tune the fit if you believe the regressed fit is not accurate enough.

Relationship records may also be used to transform grid properties.

If you want to use a correlation that is not built in, then you can use the Calculator to define your own.

32 Tutorials SCAL User GuideTutorial 2: Correlations

SCAL User Guide Reference sectionIntroduction

33

Chapter 5Reference section

IntroductionThis chapter contains information on the following:

SCAL-GF is the GeoFrame version of SCAL - see "SCAL-GF" on page 35

SCAL_Loader, which is a tool to load SCAL input files (.RCI) into the GeoFrame database - see "SCAL Loader" on page 37

The main SCAL window, from here you can import data and access the principal functionality of the program - see "Main SCAL window" on page 39 and "Record tree" on page 40

The Record Editor enables you to set and change any of the attributes in a record - see "Record editor" on page 57

The Graph window displays relative permeability curves, capillary pressure curves and cross-plot data - see "Graph module" on page 66

The Record Selector processes groups of records - "Record selector" on page 84

The Keyword Generator generates tables of saturation-based data, tables of end-points varying with depth, or arrays of grid-based properties - see "Keyword generator" on page 86

SCAL now allows generation of capillary pressure curves from saturation logs - see "Generate Pc curves" on page 93

SCAL supports calculation of Archies parameters, cementation factor, cementation constant, and saturation constant, using Formation Factor and Resistivity Index plots - see "Archies parameters" on page 94

SCAL creates records containing both relative permeability and capillary pressure data by merging records - see "Merging and associating" on page 95

The 3D Grid Viewer displays a three-dimensional representation of the simulation grid - see "3D grid viewer" on page 98

34 Reference section SCAL User GuideIntroduction

SCAL supports the input, display and output of three phase oil relative permeability surfaces - see "Three-phase relative permeability" on page 131.

SCAL User Guide Reference sectionSCAL-GF

35

SCAL-GF

DescriptionSCAL-GF is the GeoFrame version of SCAL. The main difference between SCAL-GF and the standalone version is that the GeoFrame application allows you to read special core analysis data from GeoFrame, instead of a text file.

File menuThe Open Records options under file menu is replaced with Open Scal data. Under this option, there are four data selection options, Collection, Rock Analysis, Core and Wells.

CollectionA Collection contains the same information as an RCI (SCAL input) file. If a collection is created using an RCI file, the collection name will be the same as that of the file. When a collection is selected as the input, all the data under this collection will be loaded into the application.

Rock analysisA Rock Analysis represents a single experiment record. If this option is selected, a number of experimental results will be displayed for selection. You can change the focus of the selection, by using the Focus icon in the dialog.

Note Only one selection at a time is allowed.

CoreA Core represents a core plug in SCAL. All the core data items under the selected data focus are displayed for selection. All the experimental results under the selected core are loaded into the application.

WellIf a Well/borehole is selected, all the experimental results under a well/borehole are loaded into the application.

Save Data may be saved back into GeoFrame or an ASCII file. You can also create new records during a SCAL-GF session. All the changes, except well name, to a record are honoured.

36 Reference section SCAL User GuideSCAL-GF

Note Note that the LOGDEPTH and ZONE/RESERVOIR implementations are not tightly integrated in this release. Note that the Auto-save option is turned off in this version.

Delete from GeoFrame databaseRecords that are deleted from the GeoFrame database are removed from the application. A warning message is displayed.

Delete from SCAL-GFIf a record is deleted in SCAL, the corresponding data item in the GeoFrame database is not deleted until you choose Save to GeoFrame. If you exit without selecting Save to GeoFrame the data item is left intact in the database, and is accessible in the next transaction.

ITC

Caution The ITC interactions are not completely implemented in this release.

The application does not honor incoming ITC messages. This is due to the fact that SCAL can have more than one record selected at a time, and each selected record may be performing different functions.

You can broadcast selections from SCAL-GF by selecting the Broadcast button.

Note The automatic broadcasting mechanism (if the door is open) is not functional in this release.

Express interest eventsSCAL-GF honors all the express events from GeoFrame database. Any deleted record or collection is deleted from the application. A prior warning message is displayed before the delete operation. You cannot stop the delete operation once it is deleted from the database. Any other attribute changes are reflected within the application at the same time as the changes occur.

OptionsA new option, Field Name, is available for setting the preferred data focus. Once this is set, all the data selections will show the data under this field only. However, if the you select Clear All, you must reset the field name.

SCAL User Guide Reference sectionSCAL Loader

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SCAL Loader

DescriptionSCAL_Loader is a tool to load SCAL input files (.RCI) into the GeoFrame database in the GeoFrame-specified format.

Input fileThis option allows you to select SCAL input (.RCI) files to be loaded into GeoFrame. Multiple files may be selected in one session. Multiple files may be loaded in one session. All the transactions are recorded in a log file, SCAL_Loader.Log, created under the current working directory for each SCAL_Loader run.

View input fileThis option allows you to view all the files that are selected in the session.

Target fieldThe Target field option specifies the field under which the data to be stored in GeoFrame. A default name Scal_Field is provided. You can use the ITC options to select a field from other GeoFrame application, or use the dialog provided to enter a new field name.

Note Note that if the field is deleted from GeoFrame, just before the load, a new field with the same name is created.

Well nameThe Well name option defines the default well to be used for a record, if this information is not provided. You can use the dialog to type in a new well name. Alternately, you can select one of the well names from the file that is being loaded, or select one of the existing well names in GeoFrame.

Note ITC options can also be used for selecting a well/borehole from another GeoFrame application.

38 Reference section SCAL User GuideSCAL Loader

Core nameCore name defines the default core name to be used for a record, if the core information is not provided. You can use the dialog provided to enter a new core name or select one of the core names from the file that being loaded.

Note ITC options may also be used for selection.

ITC optionsThe door at the right bottom corner of the window must be left open for receiving selections from other GeoFrame applications. For example, if this door is open in SCAL_Loader, and a Field is selected in GeoFrame Data Manager, and the selection is broadcast using the Broadcast button, SCAL_Loader will update the information. Once a loading session has started, no changes take effect until that session is over.

Other dialogsIf a record already exists in GeoFrame, a warning dialog will be displayed. You can choose whether to overwrite the record(s) by selecting Yes, Yes To All, No or No To All.

Note The Yes and No options are applicable to the current record only, where as if you select either Yes To All or No To All, the rest of the records in the same data file are processed accordingly without the dialog being displayed again.

SCAL User Guide Reference sectionMain SCAL window

39

Main SCAL window

IntroductionThe main SCAL window is the heart of the program. From here you can import data and access the principal functionality of the program. Once you have imported some data, the main window should look similar to Figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1 The main SCAL window

You can import record data (containing the results of experiments on rock samples), simulation grids and properties using the "File menu" on page 45.

You can access the "Record editor" on page 57, "Record selector" on page 84, "Keyword generator" on page 86 and "Graph module" on page 66 by dragging records onto icons in the toolbar, or clicking the right mouse button over a selection of records to bring up a menu containing these options.

40 Reference section SCAL User GuideMain SCAL window

You can merge and associate records using the Options menu. You can also access the "3D grid viewer" on page 98 and "Property transformer" on page 55 using the "Options menu" on page 48.

The "Utilities menu" on page 50 allows you to start other utilities (such as the Calculator and a text editor).

This main window also contains the "Record tree" on page 40.

Record treeAll records in the program are represented on the Record Tree. The Record Tree is part of the main SCAL window. Figure 5.2 shows an example Record Tree. It can contain one or more groups of records. The groups may contain sub-groups, the sub-groups may contain records or other sub-groups.

Figure 5.2 An example record tree

Record groups are represented by blue boxes, the records themselves by yellow boxes. The groups that do not belong to the root group can have arbitrary names, the root group names are fixed. The records can be labelled according to their attributes (by default the SAMPLENAME attribute is used). Records and groups on the tree are collectively known as nodes.

You can collapse the display of records in a group by clicking on the small box containing a minus sign next to a group node. This saves screen space. A plus sign in the box indicates that it contains records or groups but is collapsed.

You can also to split the view of a tree vertically by dragging down the splitter bar on each tree. At rest, this looks like a small box above the vertical scroll bar on a tree. It splits the tree into two vertical divisions, each with its own vertical scroll bar. The splitter bar can be removed by dragging it back up to the top of the tree. It enables the you to work with the top and bottom of large trees at the same time.

You can resize individual trees by clicking on and dragging the borders between the trees.

Sometimes it is useful to hide individual trees from view. You can do this by right-clicking over any node in the tree and selecting the Hide Tree option, or by dragging the node onto the Hide/Show trees icon .

Click on the icon itself to open the Hide/show Trees panel, which allows you to see and set which trees are hidden.


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The Record Tree is used to impose order on the various records (rock curves) in the system. Records may be grouped using the mouse or by using the Record Selector panel (see "Record selector" on page 84 for more details). Much of the functionality of SCAL is based around using groups of records.

The root groupThe group at the top left of the window is known as the Root Group. All records in the system are in one of the subgroups of the Root Group. When you read in or create data, the records are put into one of the special subgroups of the root group. These subgroups categorize the data according to the phases present and the predominant type of data stored. The subgroups will only be created if they are required. Possible subgroups are:

Rel. Perm. (OW),

Rel. Perm. (OG),

Rel. Perm. (GW),

Cap. Press. (OW),

Cap. Press. (OG),

Cap. Press. (GW).

Note If a record contains both relative permeability and capillary pressure data it is stored in one of the relative permeability groups.

Two further group names may appear:

Misc.

Records with no relative permeability or capillary pressure data, for example relationship records, or records with only wettability information or end point scaling data are stored in the Misc. group.

Bad.

Records which are invalid in some way are stored in the Bad group. Bad records may be edited to make them good. They will then be automatically moved to the appropriate group.

Note Because of the fixed structure of the root tree records may not be interactively moved within it using the mouse.

Note If you try to delete subgroups or records from the Root Group you are asked to confirm this action (as it completely removes the data from the program).

Interacting with the record tree

Selecting record and groupsRecords and groups are selected by clicking the mouse over a record or group node as appropriate. If you want to select more than one record or group you can use Shift-click over another node (which will select all nodes from the first up to and including the new one) or Ctrl-click (which will select the new one in addition to the first one).


If you right click over any selected node the right mouse button menu will be brought up and the action you select will be attempted on all selected items. Similarly if any of the selected nodes are dragged onto an action icon that action will be attempted on all selected items.

Copying and moving records and groups

Note Records and groups in the root group can only be copied, not moved.

To copy a record or group selection drag it onto an empty area in the record tree. This will create a new group containing the copied data. If the nodes are dropped onto an existing tree they will be added, new subgroups will be automatically created as required.

If nodes are dragged from a non-root group onto another non-root group, the nodes will be moved. If you wish to copy (rather than move) the nodes, hold the control key while you drag the node.

Note It is only the tree representation of the records that are copied not the data itself.

To create a new record containing a copy of another records data, use the Editor or Group Cloner.

See "Record editor" on page 57 and "Clone group" on page 44 for more information.

Deleting records and groups You can delete record and group selections by dragging them onto the Delete icon or using the Delete option on the right mouse button menu.

Note If you try to delete a root group node, you will be asked to confirm the action. This will remove the data from the program.

Group and record labeling The name of non-root groups can be changed by dragging the group onto the Group/Record Labeller icon (the fourth toolbar icon) or, again, from the right mouse button menu. The labels associated with each record in the group can also be specified. See "Record labeller" on page 52 for more details.

Sorting records Records in a group can be reordered by dragging the group containing them onto the Sort icon (the fifth toolbar icon) or from the right mouse button menu. See "Group sorter" on page 53 for more details.

Saving records and groups Record selections and groups may be saved to a separate .RCI file by dragging the selected nodes onto the Save icon or from the right mouse button menu. Any subgroups of those nodes are also saved. Clicking the Save icon saves the complete group structure and all the records.

Hint The complete data may also be saved using File | Save and File | Save As.... See "Saving records and groups" on page 42 and "Save as..." on page 47 for more information.


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Editing records and groups The Record Editor can be displayed by dragging a record or group selection onto the Edit icon, or from the right mouse button menu. The Record Editor is loaded with all the records under the dropped node. If an Editor panel is already displayed, the data currently being edited is discarded and replaced with the dropped data.

To create a new Editor panel hold down the Ctrl key while dragging the node.

Graphing record and groups dataThe data in a node or nodes can be plotted by dragging the selection onto one of the graphing toolbar icons, or from the right mouse button menu.

To plot relative permeability data, drag onto the Kr plot icon.

To plot capillary pressure data, drag onto the Pc plot icon.

To display cross plot data (relationship records), drag onto the Cross plot icon.

A window containing one or more graphs appears. If a graph window already exists the new data is plotted on it. If the data is of the same type as the currently plotted data then the new data is added to that plot.

To plot on a separate graph in the same graph window hold down the Shift key while dragging.

To create a new graph window, hold down the Ctrl key while dragging.

Displaying the Record selector and keyword generator These panels can be invoked by dragging a record or group onto the appropriate toolbar icon (the sixth for the Record Selector, the seventh for the Keyword Generator), or from the right mouse button menu. The panels can also be displayed by clicking the toolbar icons or by using the menu. The advantage of dragging and the right mouse button menu is that the group fields on the panel are set when the panel is displayed. For further information see "Record selector" on page 84 and "Keyword generator" on page 86.

Merging recordsTo merge records and create a record containing both relative permeability and capillary pressure data, hold down the Shift key and drag one record onto the other. The dropped record is the primary record. A new record with a SAMPLENAME made up from the individual samplenames is created. See "Merging" on page 95 for more details.

If several records are to be merged it may be more convenient to use the Record Merger panel. See "Merge records..." on page 48 for more details.

Right mouse button menuRight clicking on a record or group displays a pop-up menu. This menu provides a short-cut to many frequently used drag and drop features in SCAL. In addition it allows you to clone groups of records and view three-phase relative permeability surfaces in 3D.


Note Only those options that can be performed on at least one of the selected or dropped items are enabled. Actions that cannot be performed on any of the items are greyed-out.

Save to fileThis option allows you to save records or groups.

Edit recordsThis option displays the Record Editor. For further information see "Record editor" on page 57.

Change labelThis option displays the Record Labeller that allows you to change the labels or text associated with records. For further information see "Record labeller" on page 52.

Sort recordsThis option displays the Group Sorter panel that allows you to sort records within their groups. For further information see "Group sorter" on page 53.

Select recordsThis option displays the Records Selector panel that allows you to group and process records. For further information see "Record selector" on page 84.

Generate keywordThis option displays the Keyword Generator panel, which allows you to generate and write simulator keywords. For further information see "Keyword generator" on page 86.

Clone groupThis option displays the Group Cloner panel. This creates a true copy of the records in a group. New entries appear in the root group and the data may be edited without affecting the original data.

Source group

This allows you to specify the group of records to be cloned.

Target group

This allows you to specify the name of the new group (containing the cloned records). If it does not already exist, it will be created. The target may be a subgroup of an existing group. Subgroups of the source group are also cloned.

Suffix for new records

This allows you to specify a suffix for the cloned records. This is very useful; without it, it is easy to get confused when several records have the same name.

Plot Rel. Perm recordsThis option allows you to display relative permeability data graphically. For further information see "Graph module" on page 66.


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Plot relationship recordsThis option allows to display correlation or relationship data graphically. For further information see "Graph module" on page 66.

Plot other Sat. Func. recordsThis option allows you to display other saturation function data graphically. For further information see "Graph module" on page 66.

View 3 phase Rel. Perm.This option displays the 3D 3 Phase Rel. Perm. Viewer (see "Three-phase relative permeability" on page 131 for more details). In order for the surface to be calculated, the record must have an associated record so that oil-water and oil-gas data are available. This association can be made using the Record Associator (see "Associating" on page 97).

Hide treeThis option allows you to hide individual record trees from view.

DeleteThis option allows you to delete records and groups.

Menu options

File menu

Play commands...This option allows you to open and play a file containing Calculator or SCAL commands. By convention these files have the .CAL or .CMDLOG suffix. By default SCAL generates a command file, SCAL.CMDLOG, in your working directory. You may rename this file to re-run your current SCAL session later.

For further information on the Calculator see "The Calculator" on page 169.

Open records This option allows you to open a file containing SCAL records. By convention these files have the .RCI suffix (this is not mandatory). This is the main way of importing data into SCAL. When you open an .RCI file, the records it contains are added to the record tree.The internal format of an RCI file is described in "The SCAL input file (.RCI)" on page 151.

Import gridThis option allows you to import the simulation model geometry from an ECLIPSE 100/200 grid file (formatted or unformatted).

Note If you try to import a second grid file, you are warned that the first grid will be cleared. You will be given the chance to cancel this request.


Caution This release of SCAL is unable to read unstructured (that is PEBI) grids. You are therefore restricted to importing regular corner-point or block-center grids.

Import properties...This option allows you to import the simulation model properties either from an ECLIPSE .INIT (or .FINIT) file or from a RESTART file (.Xnnnn or .Fnnnn). You can also import properties from .AVS files (as used by the RTView and FloViz 3D visualization products.

Note This option only becomes active after a grid has been read in.

Note If you try to import a second properties file with a different root name, you are warned that the existing property data will be cleared. You will be given the chance to cancel this request.

Note You need to import both a grid file and a property file before you can view the grid or generate properties.

Open ECLIPSE (.DATA)...This option allows you to extract relative permeability, capillary pressure and end point scaling versus depth tables from ECLIPSE 100/200.DATA files. SCAL automatically creates a new merged record for each oil-water, oil-gas or gas-water table.

The following keywords are recognized: SWOF, SGOF, SLGOF, SGFN, SWFN, SOF2, SOF3, SOF32D, ENPTVD and ENKRVD. The KRBASIS attribute for the records is set to .You cannot import property data (PORO, SATNUM etc.) from a .DATA file. To import property data, import an initial or restart file (see "Import properties..." on page 46).

Open ECLIPSE tables (.RCP)...This option allows you to import simulator table keyword files (.RCP), such as those created using "The keyword generator panel" on page 86. SCAL creates a merged record containing relative permeability and capillary pressure data for each set of tables. These files often correspond to a simulator INCLUDE file.

Directories...This option displays the Directory Selector panel, which lets you set various directory related settings used by SCAL.

Output directory

This is where SCAL output files, such as tables (.RCP) and property (.RCR) files, are written. By default it is the directory the program is started from.

System directory

This is used to locate certain files needed at run time. This field is normally set correctly at installation and you should not need to change it.

KoSwi


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Working directory

This is the current directory. This field can be used to change the current directory.

Calculator path

This is a space delimited list of directories. When a Calculator file is specified, for example on the Record Selector panel, each directory in the path is searched in turn (from left to right) until a file matching the specified name is found. This file is then loaded and run. For example, first the current directory is searched then a directory containing Calculator files for this project and finally the example files supplied on the installation.

Note The settings for the output directory, system directory and Calculator path are maintained between program runs.

Save This option allows you to save the current record and group structure back into the current file. The current filename is the last .RCI file saved (or the first one opened if you have not saved yet). If you open more than one .RCI file, the current filename is reset. In this case selecting File | Save asks you to specify a new filename.

Save as...This option displays a file browser allowing you to specify the filename that the current record and group structure should be saved into.

WorkspaceThe program workspace provides a quick way to get back to what you were last doing. In effect it contains an image of all the data in SCAL, at the time you create the workspace. Reloading from a workspace enables you to reload SCAL with all that data in a fraction of the time taken to reload the data manually or re-run the session log.

This option allows you to save and restore the program workspace.

Save workspace

This option allows you to save your workspace to your current working directory.

Save workspace as...

This option displays a file browser allowing you to specify the filename that the current workspace should be saved into.

Restore workspace...

This option allows you to restore a previously saved workspace.

Clear all dataThis option deletes

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