Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
Transcript of Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
1/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
2/64
: BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
Zospmfboft Bh`i Lonnor hs a B. @. spo`han pmnh`o meeh`or
autlmrhzob tm `arry a lafbduf wlhno mf buty at tlo Eob-
oran Cubh`han @oftor. Lo appnhob emr a rodhstrathmf `ortheh-
`ato emr a lafbduf tlat lo whslob tm ioop at lmgo, jut
tlo Bhstrh`t roeusob. Lo tloroaetor ehnob a nawsuht hf tlo
Eoboran Bhstrh`t @murt emr tlo Bhstrh`t me @mnugjha sooi-
hfd, mf Po`mfb Agofbgoft drmufbs, tm ofcmhf tlo `hty
ermg ofemr`hfd tlo jar mf tlo rodhstrathmf me lafbdufs,
tlo nh`ofshfd roquhrogoft hfsmear as ht prmlhjhts tlo `arry-
hfd me a ehroarg hf tlo lmgo whtlmut a nh`ofso, afb tlo
trhddor-nm`i roquhrogoft hfsmear as ht prmlhjhts tlo uso me
euf`thmfan ehroargs whtlhf tlo lmgo. App. ?8a. RloBhstrh`t @murt bhsghssob rospmfbofts `mgpnahft, soo
[arior v. Bhstrh`t me @mnugjha, 011 E. Pupp. :b 1;0, 1;8
(:;;2). Rlo @murt me Appoans emr tlo Bhstrh`t me @mnugjha
@hr`uht, `mfstruhfd lhs `mgpnahft as sooihfd tlo rhdlt tm
rofbor a ehroarg mporajno afb `arry ht ajmut lhs lmgo hf
tlat `mfbhthmf mfny wlof fo`ossary emr sone-boeofso,: ro-
vorsob, soo [ariorv. Bhstrh`t me @mnugjha, 24< E. 0b 04;,
2;1 (:;;4). Ht lonb tlat tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft prmto`ts
af hfbhvhbuan rhdlt tm pmssoss ehroargs afb tlat tlo `htys
tmtan jaf mf lafbdufs, as wonn as hts roquhrogoft tlat
ehroargs hf tlo lmgo jo iopt fmfeuf`thmfan ovof wloffo`ossary emr sone-boeofso, vhmnatob tlat rhdlt. Poo hb., at
08?, 0882;1. Rlo @murt me Appoans bhro`tob tlo Bhstrh`t
@murt tm oftor suggary cubdgoft emr rospmfboft.
To draftob orthmrarh. ??: _. P. ]]] (:;;4).
HH
To turf ehrst tm tlo goafhfd me tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft.
A
Rlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft prmvhbos3 A wonn rodunatob
Ghnhtha, johfd fo`ossary tm tlo so`urhty me a eroo Ptato, tlo
rhdlt me tlo pompno tm ioop afb joar Args, slann fmt jo
:Rlat mfstru`thmf las fmt joof `lannofdob loro.
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
3/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
4/64
2 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
(188
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
5/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
6/64
5 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
Rlroo prmvhshmfs me tlo @mfsthtuthmf roeor tm tlo pompno
hf a `mftoxt mtlor tlaf rhdltstlo eagmus proagjno
(To tlo pompno), : me Arth`no H (prmvhbhfd tlat tlo pom-
pno whnn `lmmso gogjors me tlo Lmuso), afb tlo Roftl
Agofbgoft (prmvhbhfd tlat tlmso pmwors fmt dhvof tlo
Eoboran Dmvorfgoft rogahf whtl tlo Ptatos mr tlo
pompno). Rlmso prmvhshmfs arduajny roeor tm tlo pompno
a`thfd `mnno`thvonyjut tloy boan whtl tlo oxor`hso mr
rosorvathmf me pmwors, fmt rhdlts. Fmwloro onso hf tlo
@mfsthtuthmf bmos a rhdlt attrhjutob tm tlo pompno roeor
tm afytlhfd mtlor tlaf af hfbhvhbuan rhdlt.5
Tlat hs gmro, hf ann shx mtlor prmvhshmfs me tlo @mfsthtu-thmf tlat gofthmf tlo pompno, tlo torg ufagjhdumusny
roeors tm ann gogjors me tlo pmnhth`an `mggufhty, fmt af
ufspo`hehob sujsot. As wo sahb hf _fhtob Ptatos v. Uor-
budm-_rquhboz, 282 _. P. :?8, :5? (188;)3
YRWlo pompno soogs tm lavo joof a torg me art og-
pnmyob hf sono`t parts me tlo @mfsthtuthmf. . . . YHts
usosW suddosYtW tlat tlo pompno prmto`tob jy tlo
hf a boehfob ghnhtha. Afb C_PRH@O PROUOFP hs boabwrmfd tm tlhfi tlat
tlo rhdlt tm poththmf hs prhgarhny `mnno`thvo hf faturo. Hjhb. Poo
G`Bmfanbv. Pghtl, 24: _. P. 248, 2
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
7/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
8/64
< BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
Rlo torg was appnhob, tlof as fmw, tm woapmfs tlat
woro fmt spo`heh`anny boshdfob emr ghnhtary uso afb woro
fmt ogpnmyob hf a ghnhtary `apa`hty. Emr hfstaf`o, @uf-
fhfdlags nodan bh`thmfary davo as af oxagpno me usado3
Porvafts afb najmurors slann uso jmws afb arrmws mf
Pufbays, &`. afb fmt joar mtlor args. Poo ansm, o.d., Af
A`t emr tlo trhan me Fodrmos, 1484 Bon. Naws `l. \NHHH, 5,
p. 1;2, hf 1 Ehrst Naws me tlo Ptato me Bonawaro 1;:, 1;2
(C. @uslhfd ob. 18
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
9/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
10/64
1; BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
At tlo thgo me tlo emufbhfd, as fmw, tm joar goaft tm
`arry. Poo Cmlfsmf 1519 Tojstor9 R. Plorhbaf, A @mg-
pnoto Bh`thmfary me tlo Ofdnhsl Nafduado (1485)9 : Mxemrb
Ofdnhsl Bh`thmfary :; (:b ob. 18
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
11/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
12/64
1: BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
hfd a woapmf hf af mrdafhzob ghnhtary ufht. Custh`o Cagos
Thnsmf hftorprotob tlo [offsynvafha @mfsthtuthmfs args-
joarhfd rhdlt, emr oxagpno, as a ro`mdfhthmf me tlo faturan
rhdlt me boeofso me mfos porsmf mr lmusowlat lo `annob
tlo naw me sone prosorvathmf. : @mnno`tob Tmris me Cagos
Thnsmf 112:, afb f. x (I. Lann & G. Lann obs. :;;4) (`hthfd
[a. @mfst., Art. H\, :1 (148;))9 soo ansm R. Tanior, Hftrm-
bu`thmf tm Agorh`af Naw 18< (1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
13/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
14/64
12 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
ghnhtary bhs`usshmfs hf`nubo fmt mfny joar args jut ansm
`arry args, pmssoss args, afb lavo argstlmudl fm
mfo tlhfis tlat tlmso mtlorplrasos ansm lab spo`han ghnh-
tary goafhfds. Poo Jarfott, Tas tlo Zhdlt tm Ioop afb
Joar Args @mfbhthmfob mf Porvh`o hf af Mrdafhzob Ghnh-
tha=,
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
15/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
16/64
15 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
`arryhfd me args mfny emr ghnhtary purpmsos, mfo shgpny
`affmt abb emr tlo purpmso me ihnnhfd dago. Rlo rhdlt tm
`arry args hf tlo ghnhtha emr tlo purpmso me ihnnhfd dago
hs wmrtly me tlo gab lattor. Rlus, tloso purpmshvo quanh-
eyhfd plrasos pmshthvony ostajnhsl tlat tm joar args hs
fmt nhghtob tm ghnhtary uso.11
C_PRH@O PROUOFP pna`os droat wohdlt mf Cagos Gabh-
smfs hf`nushmf me a `mfs`hofthmus-mjco`tmr `nauso hf lhs
mrhdhfan braet me tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft3 jut fm porsmf
ronhdhmusny s`rupunmus me joarhfd args, slann jo `mgponnob
tm rofbor ghnhtary sorvh`o hf porsmf. @roathfd tlo Jhnn me
Zhdlts 1: (L. Uoht, I. Jmwnhfd, & @. Jh`iemrb obs. 1881)(lorohfaetor Uoht). Lo arduos tlat tlhs `nauso ostajnhslos
tlat tlo braetors me tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft hftofbob joar
Args tm roeor mfny tm ghnhtary sorvh`o. Poopmst, at :5. Ht
hs anways porhnmus tm borhvo tlo goafhfd me af abmptob
prmvhshmf ermg afmtlor prmvhshmf bonotob hf tlo braethfd
prm`oss.1: Hf afy `aso, wlat C_PRH@O PROUOFP wmunb
`mf`nubo ermg tlo bonotob prmvhshmf bmos fmt emnnmw. Ht was
fmt goaft tm oxogpt ermg ghnhtary sorvh`o tlmso wlm
11C_PRH@O PROUOFP `mftofbs, pmst, at 1?, tlat shf`o wo assort tlat
abbhfd adahfst tm joar args dhvos ht a ghnhtary goafhfd wo gust`mf`obo tlat abbhfd a purpmshvo quanheyhfd plraso tm joar args `af
antor hts goafhfd. Jut tlo bheeorof`o hs tlat wo bm fmt gahftahf tlat
adahfst antors tlo goafhfd me joar args jut gorony tlat ht `narhehos
wlh`l me varhmus goafhfds (mfo me wlh`l hs ghnhtary) hs hftofbob.
C_PRH@O PROUOFP, lmwovor, arduos tlat YtWlo torg joar args hs a
eaghnhar hbhmg9 wlof usob ufabmrfob jy afy abbhthmfan wmrbs, hts
goafhfd hs tm sorvo as a smnbhor, bm ghnhtary sorvh`o, ehdlt. [mst, at
11. Lo tloroemro gust ostajnhsl tlat abbhfd a `mftrabh`tmry purpmshvo
plraso af antora wmrbs goafhfd.1:
C_PRH@O PROUOFPehfbs suppmrt emr lhs nodhsnathvo lhstmry hfeorof`o
ermg tlo ro`mrbob vhows me mfo Aftheoboranhst gogjor me tlo Lmuso.
[mst, at :5 f. :?. Rlo `nahg tlat tlo jost mr gmst roprosoftathvo
roabhfd me tlo Ynafduado me tloW agofbgofts wmunb `mfemrg tm tlo
ufborstafbhfd afb `mf`orfs me Ytlo AftheoboranhstsW hs . . . lhdlnyprmjnogath`. Zaimvo, Rlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft3 Rlo Lhdlost Ptado me
Mrhdhfanhsg, Jmdus 42,
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
17/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
18/64
1< BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
ioop afb joar Args hs ostajnhslob jy tlo Po`mfb
Agofbgofts `annhfd ht a rhdlt (shfdunar) ratlor tlaf
rhdlts (pnuran). Poopmst, at 15. Rloro hs fmtlhfd tm tlhs.
Ptato `mfsthtuthmfs me tlo emufbhfd porhmb rmuthfony
drmupob gunthpno (ronatob) duaraftoos ufbor a shfdunar
rhdlt, afb tlo Ehrst Agofbgoft prmto`ts tlo rhdlt
YshfdunarW me tlo pompno poa`oajny tm assogjno, afb tm
poththmf tlo Dmvorfgoft emr a robross me drhovaf`os. Poo,
o.d., [a. Bo`narathmf me Zhdlts H\, \HH, \UH, hf ? Rlmrpo
0;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
19/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
20/64
:; BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
wmunb fovor jo bhsargob3 Rlat tlo sujco`ts wlh`l aro
[rmtostafts gay lavo args emr tlohr boeofso suhtajno tm
tlohr `mfbhthmfs afb as annmwob jy naw. 1 T. & G., `. :,
4, hf 0 Ofd. Ptat. at Nardo 221 (15
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
21/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
22/64
:: BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
Rloro soogs tm us fm bmujt, mf tlo jashs me jmtl toxt
afb lhstmry, tlat tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft `mfeorrob af
hfbhvhbuan rhdlt tm ioop afb joar args. Me `murso tlo
rhdlt was fmt ufnhghtob, cust as tlo Ehrst Agofbgofts
rhdlt me eroo spoo`l was fmt, soo, o.d., _fhtob Ptatos v.
Thnnhags, ??0 _. P. ]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
23/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
24/64
:2 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
trahfob tm args).
j. Po`urhty me a Eroo Ptato. Rlo plraso so`urhty me
a eroo stato goaft so`urhty me a eroo pmnhty, fmt so`urhty
me oa`l me tlo sovoran Ptatos as tlo bhssoft jonmw arduob,
soo 24< E. 0b, at 2;?, afb f. 1;. Cmsopl Ptmry wrmto hf lhs
troathso mf tlo @mfsthtuthmf tlat tlo wmrb stato hs usob
hf varhmus sofsos Yafb hfW hts gmst ofnardob sofso, ht
goafs tlo pompno `mgpmshfd a parth`unar fathmf mr `mg-
gufhty. 1 Ptmry :;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
25/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
26/64
:5 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
Mrhdhf me tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft :4?, :45 (B. Xmufd ob.,
:b ob. :;;1) (lorohfaetor Xmufd)9 Tlhto, Rm tlo @hthzofs me
Uhrdhfha, Eoj. ::, 14
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
27/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
28/64
:< BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
ratheh`athmf me tlo Jhnn me Zhdlts. Rwm me tlog
[offsynvafha afb Uorgmft`noarny abmptob hfbhvhbuan
rhdlts uf`mffo`tob tm ghnhtha sorvh`o. [offsynvafhas
Bo`narathmf me Zhdlts me 1445 sahb3 Rlat tlo pompno lavo a
rhdlt tm joar args emr tlo boeof`o me tlogsonvos, afb tlo
stato . . . . \HHH, hf ? Rlmrpo 0;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
29/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
30/64
0; BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
\H, :5 (1485), hf 5 Rlmrpo 0212, 02:29 Go. @mfst., Art. H,
15 (1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
31/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
32/64
0: BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
pmsan). C_PRH@O PROUOFP vhow tlus ronhos mf tlo prmpmsh-
thmf, ufsuppmrtob jy afy ovhbof`o, tlat bheeoroft pompno me
tlo emufbhfd porhmb lab vastny bheeoroft `mf`opthmfs me tlo
rhdlt tm ioop afb joar args. Rlat shgpny bmos fmt `mg-
pmrt whtl mur nmfdstafbhfd vhow tlat tlo Jhnn me Zhdlts
`mbhehob voforajno, whbony ufborstmmb nhjorthos.
B
To fmw abbross lmw tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft was hftor-
protob ermg hggobhatony aetor hts ratheh`athmf tlrmudl tlo
ofb me tlo 18tl `oftury. Joemro prm`oobhfd, lmwovor, wo
taio hssuo whtl C_PRH@O PROUOFP oquathfd me tlososmur`os whtl pmstofa`tgoft nodhsnathvo lhstmry, a `mgparh-
smf tlat jotrays a eufbagoftan ghsufborstafbhfd me a
`murts hftorprothvo tasi. Poopmst, at :4, f. :
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
33/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
34/64
02 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
Hf 1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
35/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
36/64
05 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
a smnbhor, mr hf boeofso smnony me lhs pmnhth`an rhdlts. Af-
browsv. Ptato, ?; Roff. 15?, 1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
37/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
38/64
0< BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
ghnhtha,pmst, at 1 (PROUOFP, C., bhssofthfd), ht wmunb lavo
ofmrgmus afb mjvhmus joarhfd mf tlo pmhft. Jut tlo @murt
afb Ptmry borhvob tlo Ptatos pmwor mvor tlo ghnhtha ermg
tlo fmfox`nushvo faturo me eoboran pmwor, fmt ermg tlo
Po`mfb Agofbgoft, wlmso proagjno gorony `mfehrgs
afb hnnustratos tlo hgpmrtaf`o me tlo ghnhtha. Ovof
`noaror was Custh`o Janbwhf. Hf tlo eagmus eudhthvo-snavo
`aso me Cmlfsmfv. Rmgpihfs, 10 E. @as.
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
39/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
40/64
2; BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
hf tlo proeatmry `nauso, hf `mfthfuhty whtl tlo Ofdnhsl
rhdlt3
Rlo rhdlt me tlo wlmno pompno, mnb afb ymufd, gof,
wmgof afb jmys, afb fmt ghnhtha mfny, tm ioop afb
joar argsme ovory bos`rhpthmf, afb fmt su`lgorony as
aro usob jy tlo ghnhtha, slann fmt jo hferhfdob, `ur-
tahnob, mr jrmiof hf upmf, hf tlo sgannost bodroo9 afb
ann tlhs emr tlo hgpmrtaft ofb tm jo attahfob3 tlo roar-
hfd up afb quanheyhfd a wonn-rodunatob ghnhtha, sm vh-
tanny fo`ossary tm tlo so`urhty me a eroo Ptato. Mur
mphfhmf hs, tlat afy naw, Ptato mr Eoboran, hs ropud-
faft tm tlo @mfsthtuthmf, afb vmhb, wlh`l `mftravofos
tlhs rhdlt, mrhdhfanny jonmfdhfd tm mur emroeatlors,
tragpnob ufbor emmt jy @larnos H. afb lhs twm wh`iob
smfs afb su``ossmrs, ro-ostajnhslob jy tlo rovmnuthmf
me 15
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
41/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
42/64
2: BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
hfd as oarnhor smur`os. Xot tlmso jmrf afb obu`atob hf tlo
oarny 18tl `oftury ea`ob a whbosproab oeemrt tm nhght args
mwforslhp jy a nardo fugjor me `hthzofs9 tlohr ufborstafb-
hfd me tlo mrhdhfs afb `mfthfuhfd shdfheh`af`o me tlo
Agofbgoft hs hfstru`thvo.
Jna`is woro rmuthfony bhsargob jy Pmutlorf Ptatos
aetor tlo @hvhn Tar. Rlmso wlm mppmsob tloso hfcusth os
eroquoftny statob tlat tloy hferhfdob jna`is `mfsthtuthmfan
rhdlt tm ioop afb joar args. Foobnoss tm say, tlo `nahg
was fmt tlat jna`is woro johfd prmlhjhtob ermg `arryhfd
args hf af mrdafhzob stato ghnhtha. A Zopmrt me tlo @mg-
ghsshmf me tlo Eroobgofs Juroau hf 1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
43/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
44/64
22 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
@mfd. Dnmjo, 08tl @mfd., 1st Poss., 11
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
45/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
46/64
25 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
thmfs me dmvorfgoft, as wonn as adahfst ofoghos ermg
whtlmut, tlat dmvorfgoft hs emrjhbbof jy afy naw mr
prm`oobhfd tm hfvabo mr bostrmy tlo rhdlt tm ioop afb
joar args. . . . Rlo `nauso hs afanmdmus tm tlo mfo so-
`urhfd tlo eroobmg me spoo`l afb me tlo pross. Eroo-
bmg, fmt nh`ofso, hs so`urob9 tlo eahr uso, fmt tlo nhjon-
nmus ajuso, hs prmto`tob. C. [mgormy, Af Hftrmbu`thmf
tm tlo @mfsthtuthmfan Naw me tlo _fhtob Ptatos 1?:
1?0 (1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
47/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
48/64
2< BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
emr tlohr prmto`thmf adahfst afy vhmnathmf jy tlohr eonnmw-
`hthzofs me tlo rhdlts ht ro`mdfhzos tm tlo Ptatos pmnh`o
pmwor. 8: _. P., at ??0. Rlat bhs`usshmf gaios nhttno
sofso he ht hs mfny a rhdlt tm joar args hf a stato ghnhtha.:0
[rossor v. Hnnhfmhs, 115 _. P. :?: (1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
49/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
50/64
?; BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
duaraftoos tlo rhdlt tm ioop afb joar su`l af hfstru-
goft. 0;4 _. P., at 14< (ogplashs abbob). @ortahfny,
tlo @murt `mfthfuob, ht hs fmt whtlhf cubh`han fmth`o tlat
tlhs woapmf hs afy part me tlo mrbhfary ghnhtary oquhp-
goft mr tlat hts uso `munb `mftrhjuto tm tlo `mggmf bo-
eofso. Hjhb. Joymfb tlat, tlo mphfhmf prmvhbob fm oxpna-
fathmf me tlo `mftoft me tlo rhdlt.
Rlhs lmnbhfd hs fmt mfny `mfshstoft whtl, jut pmshthvony
suddosts, tlat tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft `mfeors af hfbhvhb-
uan rhdlt tm ioop afb joar args (tlmudl mfny args tlat
lavo smgo roasmfajno ronathmfslhp tm tlo prosorvathmf mr
oeeh`hof`y me a wonn rodunatob ghnhtha). Lab tlo @murtjonhovob tlat tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft prmto`ts mfny tlmso
sorvhfd hf tlo ghnhtha, ht wmunb lavo joof mbb tm oxaghfo
tlo `lara`tor me tlo woapmf ratlor tlaf shgpny fmto tlat
tlo twm rmmis woro fmt ghnhthagof. C_PRH@O PROUOFP`af
say adahf afb adahf tlat Ghnnorbhb fmt turf mf tlo bhe-
eorof`o jotwoof gusiots afb sawob-mee slmtdufs, ht
turfob, ratlor, mf tlo jash` bheeorof`o jotwoof tlo ghnh-
tary afb fmfghnhtary uso afb pmssosshmf me dufs,pmst, at
2:20, jut tlo wmrbs me tlo mphfhmf prmvo mtlorwhso. Rlo
gmst C_PRH@O PROUOFP `af pnaushjny `nahg emr Ghnnor hs
tlat ht bo`nhfob tm bo`hbo tlo faturo me tlo Po`mfbAgofbgoft rhdlt, bosphto tlo Pmnh`htmr Doforans ardu-
goft (gabo hf tlo antorfathvo) tlat tlo rhdlt was `mnno`-
thvo, soo Jrhoe emr _fhtob Ptatos, M. R. 180
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
51/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
52/64
?: BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
gogjors woro oxpo`tob tm pmssoss, hb., at 14
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
53/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
54/64
?2 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
hfvanhb ufbor tlo Ostajnhslgoft @nauso, soo Hnnhfmhs ox ron.
G`@mnnug v. Jmarb me Ob. me P`lmmn Bhst. Fm. 41, @lag-
pahdf @ty., 000 _. P. :;0 (182
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
55/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
56/64
?5 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
tafis. Jut tlo ea`t tlat gmborf bovonmpgofts lavo nhg-
htob tlo bodroo me eht jotwoof tlo proeatmry `nauso afb tlo
prmto`tob rhdlt `affmt `lafdo mur hftorprotathmf me tlo
rhdlt.
HU
To turf ehfanny tm tlo naw at hssuo loro. As wo lavo
sahb, tlo naw tmtanny jafs lafbduf pmssosshmf hf tlo lmgo.
Ht ansm roquhros tlat afy naweun ehroarg hf tlo lmgo jo
bhsassogjnob mr jmufb jy a trhddor nm`i at ann thgos, rof-
borhfd ht hfmporajno.
As tlo qumtathmfs oarnhor hf tlhs mphfhmf bogmfstrato,tlo hfloroft rhdlt me sone-boeofso las joof `oftran tm tlo
Po`mfb Agofbgoft rhdlt. Rlo lafbduf jaf agmufts tm a
prmlhjhthmf me af ofthro `nass me args tlat hs mvorwlong-
hfdny `lmsof jy Agorh`af sm`hoty emr tlat naweun purpmso.
Rlo prmlhjhthmf oxtofbs, gmromvor, tm tlo lmgo, wloro tlo
foob emr boeofso me sone, eaghny, afb prmporty hs gmst a`uto.
_fbor afy me tlo stafbarbs me s`ruthfy tlat wo lavo ap-
pnhob tm ofugoratob `mfsthtuthmfan rhdlts,:4jaffhfd ermg
:4C_PRH@O JZOXOZ`mrro`tny fmtos tlat tlhs naw, nhio angmst ann naws,
wmunb pass rathmfan-jashs s`ruthfy. [mst, at
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
57/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
58/64
?< BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
nar woapmf `lmsof jy Agorh`afs emr sone-boeofso hf tlo
lmgo, afb a `mgpnoto prmlhjhthmf me tlohr uso hs hfvanhb.
To gust ansm abbross tlo Bhstrh`ts roquhrogoft (as
appnhob tm rospmfbofts lafbduf) tlat ehroargs hf tlo
lmgo jo rofborob afb iopt hfmporajno at ann thgos. Rlhs
gaios ht hgpmsshjno emr `hthzofs tm uso tlog emr tlo `mro
naweun purpmso me sone-boeofso afb hs lof`o uf`mfsthtu-
thmfan. Rlo Bhstrh`t arduos tlat wo slmunb hftorprot tlhs
onogoft me tlo statuto tm `mftahf af ox`opthmf emr sone-
boeofso. Poo Jrhoe emr [oththmfors ?5?4. Jut wo tlhfi
tlat hs pro`nubob jy tlo ufoquhvm`an toxt, afb jy tlo
prosof`o me `ortahf mtlor ofugoratob ox`opthmfs3 Ox`optemr naw ofemr`ogoft porsmffon . . . , oa`l rodhstraft slann
ioop afy ehroarg hf lhs pmssosshmf ufnmabob afb bhsas-
sogjnob mr jmufb jy a trhddor nm`i mr shghnar bovh`o ufnoss
su`l ehroarg hs iopt at lhs pna`o me jushfoss, mr wlhno
johfd usob emr naweun ro`roathmfan purpmsos whtlhf tlo
Bhstrh`t me @mnugjha. B. @. @mbo 4:?;4.;:. Rlo fmf-
oxhstof`o me a sone-boeofso ox`opthmf hs ansm suddostob jy
tlo B. @. @murt me Appoans statogoft tlat tlo statuto
emrjhbs roshbofts tm uso ehroargs tm stmp hftrubors, soo
G`Hftmsl v. Taslhfdtmf, 08? A. :b 422, 4??4?5 (184
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
59/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
60/64
5; BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
nmabob Args hf juhnbhfds, dhvo roasmf tm bmujt tlat `mnm-
fhan Jmstmf autlmrhthos wmunb lavo ofemr`ob tlat doforan
prmlhjhthmf adahfst smgomfo wlm togpmrarhny nmabob a
ehroarg tm `mfermft af hftrubor (bosphto tlo naws appnh`a-
thmf hf tlat `aso). Hf afy `aso, wo wmunb fmt staio mur
hftorprotathmf me tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft upmf a shfdno
naw, hf oeeo`t hf a shfdno `hty, tlat `mftrabh`ts tlo mvor-
wlonghfd wohdlt me mtlor ovhbof`o rodarbhfd tlo rhdlt tm
ioop afb joar args emr boeofso me tlo lmgo. Rlo mtlor
naws C_PRH@O JZOXOZ `htos aro dufpmwbor-stmrado naws
tlat lo `mf`obos bhb fmt `noarny prmlhjht nmabob woapmfs,
jut roquhrob mfny tlat ox`oss dufpmwbor jo iopt hf aspo`han `mftahfor mr mf tlo tmp enmmr me tlo lmgo. [mst, at
54. Fmtlhfd ajmut tlmso ehro-saeoty naws ufborghfos mur
afanyshs9 tloy bm fmt rogmtony jurbof tlo rhdlt me sone-
boeofso as gu`l as af ajsmnuto jaf mf lafbdufs. Fmr,
`mrrospmfbhfdny, bmos mur afanyshs suddost tlo hfvanhbhty
me naws rodunathfd tlo stmrado me ehroargs tm provoft
a``hbofts.
C_PRH@O JZOXOZpmhfts tm mtlor emufbhfd-ora naws tlat
lo says rostrh`tob tlo ehrhfd me dufs whtlhf tlo `hty nhghts
tm at noast smgo bodroo hf Jmstmf, [lhnabonplha afb Fow
Xmri. [mst, at 2 (`hthfd @lur`lhnn, Duf Zodunathmf, tlo[mnh`o [mwor, afb tlo Zhdlt tm Ioop Args hf Oarny Agor-
h`a, :? Naw & Lhst. Zov. 108, 15: (:;;4)). Rlmso naws
prmvhbo fm suppmrt emr tlo sovoro rostrh`thmf hf tlo prosoft
`aso. Rlo Fow Xmri naw novhob a ehfo me :; slhnnhfds mf
afymfo wlm ehrob a duf hf `ortahf pna`os (hf`nubhfd
lmusos) mf Fow Xoars Ovo afb tlo ehrst twm bays me Cafu-
ary, afb was ahgob at provofthfd tlo droat Bagados . . .
eroquoftny bmfo mf Ytlmso baysW jy porsmfs dmhfd Lmuso tm
Lmuso, whtl Dufs afb mtlor Ehroargs afb johfd metof
hftmxh`atob whtl Nhqumr. ? @mnmfhan Naws me Fow Xmri
:22:25 (1
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
61/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
62/64
5: BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
mr caywanihfd. Afb antlmudl su`l pujnh`-saeoty naws gay
fmt `mftahf ox`opthmfs emr sone-boeofso, ht hs hf`mf`ohvajno
tlat tlo tlroat me a caywanihfd th`iot wmunb botor smgomfo
ermg bhsrodarbhfd a Bm Fmt Tani shdf hf mrbor tm enoo af
atta`ior, mr tlat tlo Dmvorfgoft wmunb ofemr`o tlmso naws
ufbor su`l `hr`ugstaf`os. Nhiowhso, wo bm fmt tlhfi tlat
a naw hgpmshfd a ?-slhnnhfd ehfo afb emreohturo me tlo duf
wmunb lavo provoftob a porsmf hf tlo emufbhfd ora ermg
ushfd a duf tm prmto`t lhgsone mr lhs eaghny ermg vhmnof`o,
mr tlat he lo bhb sm tlo naw wmunb jo ofemr`ob adahfst lhg.
Rlo Bhstrh`t naw, jy `mftrast, ear ermg hgpmshfd a ghfmr
ehfo, tlroatofs `hthzofs whtl a yoar hf prhsmf (ehvo yoars emra so`mfb vhmnathmf) emr ovof mjtahfhfd a duf hf tlo ehrst
pna`o. Poo B. @. @mbo 4:?;4.;5.
C_PRH@O JZOXOZgmvos mf tm gaio a jrmab curhsprubof-
than pmhft3 Lo `rhth`hzos us emr bo`nhfhfd tm ostajnhsl a novon
me s`ruthfy emr ovanuathfd Po`mfb Agofbgoft rostrh`thmfs.
Lo prmpmsos, oxpnh`htny at noast, fmfo me tlo trabhthmfanny
oxprossob novons (strh`t s`ruthfy, hftorgobhato s`ruthfy,
rathmfan jashs), jut ratlor a cubdo-ogpmworhfd hftorost-
janaf`hfd hfquhry tlat asis wlotlor tlo statuto jurbofs
a prmto`tob hftorost hf a way mr tm af oxtoft tlat hs mut me
prmpmrthmf tm tlo statutos sanutary oeeo`ts upmf mtlorhgpmrtaft dmvorfgoftan hftorosts. [mst, at 1;. Aetor af
oxlausthvo bhs`usshmf me tlo ardugofts emr afb adahfst
duf `mftrmn, C_PRH@O JZOXOZ arrhvos at lhs hftorost-
janaf`ob afswor3 jo`auso lafbduf vhmnof`o hs a prmjnog,
jo`auso tlo naw hs nhghtob tm af urjaf aroa, afb jo`auso
tloro woro smgowlat shghnar rostrh`thmfs hf tlo emufbhfd
porhmb (a eanso prmpmshthmf tlat wo lavo anroaby bhs-
`ussob), tlo hftorost-janaf`hfd hfquhry rosunts hf tlo
`mfsthtuthmfanhty me tlo lafbduf jaf. QOB.
To ifmw me fm mtlor ofugoratob `mfsthtuthmfan rhdlt
wlmso `mro prmto`thmf las joof sujco`tob tm a eroostafbhfd
hftorost-janaf`hfd apprma`l. Rlo vory ofugorathmf metlo rhdlt taios mut me tlo lafbs me dmvorfgoftovof tlo
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
63/64
@hto as3 ??2 _. P. ]]]] (:;;
-
7/30/2019 Scalia Opinion - DC v Heller
64/64
52 BHPRZH@R ME @MN_GJHA v.LONNOZ
Mphfhmf me tlo @murt
Hf sug, wo lmnb tlat tlo Bhstrh`ts jaf mf lafbduf
pmssosshmf hf tlo lmgo vhmnatos tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft,
as bmos hts prmlhjhthmf adahfst rofborhfd afy naweun ehro-
arg hf tlo lmgo mporajno emr tlo purpmso me hggobhato
sone-boeofso. Assughfd tlat Lonnor hs fmt bhsquanhehob
ermg tlo oxor`hso me Po`mfb Agofbgoft rhdlts, tlo Bhs-
trh`t gust porght lhg tm rodhstor lhs lafbduf afb gust
hssuo lhg a nh`ofso tm `arry ht hf tlo lmgo.
* * *
To aro awaro me tlo prmjnog me lafbduf vhmnof`o hf tlhs
`muftry, afb wo taio sorhmusny tlo `mf`orfs rahsob jy tlogafy agh`h wlm jonhovo tlat prmlhjhthmf me lafbduf
mwforslhp hs a smnuthmf. Rlo @mfsthtuthmf noavos tlo
Bhstrh`t me @mnugjha a varhoty me tmmns emr `mgjathfd tlat
prmjnog, hf`nubhfd smgo goasuros rodunathfd lafbdufs,
soo supra, at ?2??, afb f. :5. Jut tlo ofslrhfogoft me
`mfsthtuthmfan rhdlts fo`ossarhny taios `ortahf pmnh`y
`lmh`os mee tlo tajno. Rloso hf`nubo tlo ajsmnuto prmlhjh-
thmf me lafbdufs lonb afb usob emr sone-boeofso hf tlo
lmgo. _fbmujtobny smgo tlhfi tlat tlo Po`mfb Agofb-
goft hs mutgmbob hf a sm`hoty wloro mur stafbhfd argy hs
tlo prhbo me mur Fathmf, wloro wonn-trahfob pmnh`o emr`os
prmvhbo porsmfan so`urhty, afb wloro duf vhmnof`o hs a
sorhmus prmjnog. Rlat hs porlaps bojatajno, jut wlat hs
fmt bojatajno hs tlat ht hs fmt tlo rmno me tlhs @murt tm
prmfmuf`o tlo Po`mfb Agofbgoft oxthf`t.
To aeehrg tlo cubdgoft me tlo @murt me Appoans.
Ht hs sm mrborob.