SCALE- UP BASELINE SURVEY UNILEVER SCHOOL OF FIVE COAST PROVINCE SEPTEMBER, 2013

SCALE- UP BASELINE SURVEY

UNILEVER SCHOOL OF FIVECOAST PROVINCE

SEPTEMBER, 20131

Methodology Study tools Baseline results

– Background characteristics– Hand washing in school– Hand washing at home– General hand washing information– Pupil observation– Health group assessment– School

• School observation• Key informant information

Discussions and recommendations Questions?

Outline

2

Study area• Primary schools in Coast Province

• Expanded baseline results 70 schools– Kisauni (27), Changamwe (22), Mvita (13), Mtwapa (8) districts

• Type of schools (Public (15), Private (52) and Special schools (3))

• Representative sample at Baseline- 70 schools from the three categories (Public, private and special)

• All 70 schools participated in baseline survey

Methodology

3

Study design• A descriptive cross sectional studies-

• Before intervention activities• Quantitative and structured qualitative data

collected

Study population• 3,227 pupils participated from the three school

types in Likoni county • Public (723), Private (2,372) and Special (132)

Methodology

4

Selection criteria• Registered schools by the Ministry of

Education • Primary schools in the 4 districts

Sampling procedure • Stratified random sampling • Random selection of 70 schools from the 3

types• Random selection of pupils (Boys and girls) of

class 5, 6, 7 and 8 from the class registers

Methodology

5

Sampling procedure • 3,227 pupils from the 70 schools randomly

selected for quantitative component • An average of 44 pupils from each school

selected• Observation of hand washing after visiting

the toilet• Selection of boys and girls per class (5-8)

proportionate to population within class

Methodology

6

• Unilever School of Five questionnaire – Pupil hand washing practices

• Pupil Observation tool – To observe hand washing behavior after visiting toilet

• School Observation – To observe school infrastructure and hygiene behavior from

interviewer observation

• Group assessment – To assess pupil participation in health behavior club’s activities

• Key informant survey – To assess school infrastructure and hygiene behavior from

knowledgeable person

Study tools

7

• Training of Research Assistants: – Team of 12 RAs trained on research ethics and all

data collection tools (including Unilever tools)• Quality control:

– Piloting study tools and corrections before actual data collection; in-field data checks and corrections; regular call-backs

• Data management: – Data captured using Android’s tools through

phone and central server– Cleaning, coding and analysis using STATA 12.1

Research processes

8

Baseline Results

9

Background characteristics

10

Public Private Special All Baseline

Sample

Study sample (n) 723 2,372 132 3,227

Study sample (%) 22.4 73.5 4.1 100.0

Total number of pupils

Total number of Boys 49.9 50.1 52.3 50.2

Total number of Girls 50.1 49.9 47.7 49.8

Age

Age (<10 Years) % 0.8 1.4 0.0 1.2

Age (11-12 Years)% 33.9 43.2 29.5 40.6

Age (13+ years) % 65.3 55.3 70.5 58.2

Hand washing in school

11

Do you wash hands in school?

12

Public Private Special All

Kisauni 72.2 94.9 100.0 88.7

Changamwe 36.0 70.3 97.7 68.4

Mvita 89.0 97.8 75.0 93.2

Mtwapa 69.6 97.8 - 90.6

All Baseline 71.0 86.9 90.9 83.5

What do you use to wash hands in school?

13


Kisauni Water only 73.2 61.2 9.1 62.0

Water with soap 18.6 33.0 90.9 31.8

Changamwe Water only 93.8 77.6 58.1 77.1

Water with soap 6.3 22.1 41.9 22.6

Mvita Water only 85.4 78.8 84.8 81.1

Water with soap 14.6 20.8 15.2 18.7

Mtwapa Water only 71.9 64.9 - 66.3

Water with soap 26.6 32.8 - 31.6

All Baseline Water only 77.6 69.0 47.5 69.7

Water with soap 17.7 28.0 52.5 27.2

Where do you get soap for hand washing in school?

14

Public Private Special All0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

0.8 2.46.7

2.39.2 4.9

16.7

6.2

3.513.7

15.8

11.94.3

8.1

15.0

7.6

From Classroom From Home Soap by /In toilet Others

Hand washing at home

15

Do you wash hands at home?

16

Kisauni Changamwe Mvita Mtwapa All Baseline98.0

148.0

198.0

248.0

298.0

348.0

398.0

448.0

99.6 99.8 100.0 99.6 99.7

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

99.5 99.8 100.0

99.7

99.7


Occasions for hand washing at home

17

During bathing After defecation Before taking breakfast

Before taking lunch

Before taking dinner

Others0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

13.5

77.9 85.8 87.9 85.3

31.18.3

80.284.6 87.6 87.4

35.312.9

62.9

86.4 83.3 78.8

18.2

9.7

79.0

84.9 87.586.6

33.6


Hand washing at home- All 5 occasions

18

Kisauni Changamwe Mvita Mtwapa All Baseline -

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

6.6

3.4

11.5

5.0

7.2

4.8

2.6

9.0

5.7

4.7

Public Private Special

Do other people wash hands at home?

19

Kisauni Changamwe Mvita Mtwapa All Baseline0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

55.998.9 97.4 79.3 73.0

89.2

97.1 99.1

80.8 92.4

95.5

100.0 93.2

0.0

96.2

80.0

97.4 98.1

80.4

88.2


Who washes hands at home?

20

Mother Father Sister Brother Others0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

80.562.3 50.0 54.5

13.1

85.7

67.754.7 56.0

15.5

81.1

59.1

47.255.9

15.0

84.5

66.3

53.555.8

15.0


General hand washing information

21

Do you belong to any health/hygiene club?

22


Kisauni 6.3

6.4

24.1

6.8

Changamwe 6.9

3.6

20.5

4.7

Mvita 5.7

1.7

6.8

3.4

Mtwapa 4.0

6.1

-

5.5

All Baseline 5.9

4.6

16.2

5.4

Is there a proper way to wash hands?- Yes

23


50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

86.8 80.5 92.0 80.2 86.3

88.7 88.1 87.5

87.9 88.2

96.6 100.0 90.9

-

95.7

88.4 87.9 89.1

85.6

88.1


Who taught you how to wash your hands?

24

Teacher Father Mother Sibling TV Radio Friends Others0

50

100

150

200

250

42.319.2

46.2

5.2 5.71.7 1.9 29.4

36.5

25.5

58.9

4.5 5 0.5 1.5

20.5

38.4

15.2

45.5

13.4 3.60

0.9

35.7

37.8

23.7

55.6

5.1

5.10.8 1.5

23.1


Have you heard of School of Five?

25


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

4.3

1.1

8.6 8.9

5.7

4.4

3.4

1.5 2.4

3.4

6.9 15.9

-

7.7

4.5

3.8

3.6 4.3

4.1


From whom did you hear School of Five?

26

Teach

ers

Pupils

Med

ia

School o

f fiv

e books

Clubs

Siblin

gs

Little

doct

ors

Other

s0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

28.913.2 15.8 23.7

5.3 0 2.621.1

18.7

12

45.312

0 9.3 2.7

12

22.2

0

44.4

0

0 0 0

33.3

22.1

11.5

36.1

14.8

1.65.7 2.5

16.4


Observation

27

Hand washing behaviour observed

28

Public Private Special All0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

33.848.3

39.7 44.90.5

4.7

0.0

3.6

1.5

1.0

0.7

1.1

63.0

45.459.6

49.7

Hand washing with water only Handwashing with water and soap Rinse one hand with water only

Rinse one hand with soap and water Does not hand wash Not observed

Availability of soap

29


Kisauni - 26.3 - 26.3

Changamwe - - - -

Mvita - - - -

Mtwapa - - -

All Baseline - 13.2 - 13.2

Cleanliness status of toilet or hand washing facility

30

Kisauni Public Private Special All

Clean toilet/latrine 28.6 63.2 100.0 55.6

Clean hand washing facility 57.1 73.7 100.0 70.4 Changamwe

Clean toilet/latrine - 42.1 100.0 40.9

Clean hand washing facility - 52.6 100.0 50.0 Mvita

Clean toilet/latrine 50.0 100.0 - 76.9 Clean hand washing facility 50.0 100.0 100.0 84.6

Mtwapa

Clean toilet/latrine - 50.0 - 37.5

Clean hand washing facility 50.0 33.3 - 37.5 All Baseline

Clean toilet/latrine 26.7 59.6 66.7 52.9

Clean hand washing facility 46.7 65.4 100.0 62.9

Values and life skills

31


Advertisements 28.6 15.8 - 18.5

Privately owned kiosks 57.1 57.9 - 55.6 Changamwe

Advertisements 100.0 5.3 - 13.6

Privately owned kiosks - 63.2 - 54.5 Mvita

Advertisements 25.0 12.5 100.0 23.1

Privately owned kiosks 50.0 37.5 100.0 46.2 Mtwapa

Advertisements - 16.7 12.5

Privately owned kiosks 100.0 66.7 75.0 All Baseline

Advertisements 33.3 11.5 33.3 17.1

Privately owned kiosks 53.3 57.7 33.3 55.7

Water and hygiene

32


School has a source of drinking water 85.7 89.5 100.0 88.9

All classrooms have litter bins 14.3 36.8 -

29.6 Changamwe

School has a source of drinking water -

63.2 100.0 59.1

All classrooms have litter bins -

-

-

-

Mvita


All classrooms have litter bins 50.0 87.5 100.0 76.9 Mtwapa

School has a source of drinking water 100.0 66.7 -

75.0

All classrooms have litter bins -

16.7 -

12.5 All Baseline


All classrooms have litter bins 20.0 28.8 33.3 27.1

Values and life skills

33

Feeding progrm

First aid kit Feeding progrm




First aid kit

Kisauni Changamwe Mvita Mtwapa All Baseline

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

14.3

71.4

0

5025

50

0 013.3

53.3

63.2

89.5

26.3

57.9

25

75

16.7

66.7 38.5

73.10

100

0

100

0

0

0

66.7

48.1

85.2

22.7

59.1

23.1

61.5

12.5

50

31.4

68.6


School- Life skills and values

34


School community anti-drug campaign 78.6 86.8 100.0 85.2 Evidence of counseling children fond with drugs 21.4 52.6 100.0 46.3 Changamwe School community anti-drug campaign 25.0 84.2 100.0 79.5 Evidence of counseling children fond with drugs - 18.4 - 15.9 Mvita School community anti-drug campaign 100.0 50.0 100.0 69.2 Evidence of counseling children fond with drugs 25.0 6.3 50.0 15.4 Mtwapa School community anti-drug campaign 50.0 84.6 - 76.5 Evidence of counseling children fond with drugs 25.0 23.1 - 23.5 All Baseline School community anti-drug campaign 73.3 80.0 100.0 79.4 Evidence of counseling children fond with drugs 20.0 29.5 50.0 28.4

Schools and gender issues

35

Public Private Special All -

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

10.0 8.6

16.7

9.2

60.0 59.0

66.7

59.6

Evidence of medical exam on girls suspected of pregnancyCommunity sensitized on gender issues

Water, sanitation and hygiene

36


Observed hygiene education every term 57.1 57.9 - 55.6 Existence of hand washing water 57.1 89.5 100.0 81.5 Observed water quality inspection - 31.6 - 22.2

Changamwe

Observed hygiene education every term 25.0 39.5 - 36.4 Existence of hand washing water 75.0 63.2 50.0 63.6 Observed water quality inspection - 7.9 - 6.8

Mvita

Observed hygiene education every term 37.5 56.3 50.0 50.0 Existence of hand washing water 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Observed water quality inspection 37.5 6.3 - 15.4

Mtwapa

Observed hygiene education every term 25.0 7.7 - 11.8 Existence of hand washing water 100.0 69.2 - 76.5 Observed water quality inspection 25.0 7.7 - 11.8

All Baseline

Observed hygiene education every term 43.3 44.8 16.7 43.3 Existence of hand washing water 76.7 79.0 83.3 78.7 Observed water quality inspection 13.3 16.2 - 14.9

Knowledge of pupils who have used drugs

37


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

21.4

25.0

12.5

-

22.2 23.7

18.4

12.5

8.3

21.1

-

50.0

-

25.0

22.2 20.5

11.5

6.3

21.4


Knowledge of harmful gender-related practices discouraged in school and at home

38


50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

50.0 40.8 25.0

41.8

72.2 70.8

50.0

70.2

33.3 38.9

25.0

37.2

66.7 55.3

50.0

57.1

13.3

9.4

50.0

11.1

33.3

32.9 50.0

33.7

Forced marriages Early marriages FGM Child labour Don’t know Others

Knowledge of child protection rights

39


50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

50.0 63.2

50.0 60.2

61.1 57.9

50.0

58.2

16.7 22.4

-

20.4

61.1 53.9

25.0

54.1

16.7 11.8

-

12.2 11.1

21.1

75.0

21.4

Physical abuse Sexual abuse/exploitation Emotional abuse Exploitation from child labour Don’t know Others

The practice of hand washing in school remains a challenge as it contrasts reported hand washing practice at home.

Hand wetting still a common practice among Public and Special schools Most schools have a source of drinking water ;

– from rainwater harvesting, piped water, and boreholes among others. School compounds were found free from injurious materials

– Some abandoned pits, dis-used buildings and timber in few public schools. Special schools have conducive and barrier-free environments which

are good for learning. – Not true especially in Private schools

Most of the schools teach life skills and there are no advertisements on drugs around and near the schools.

Marked use of drugs among pupils; – Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and Khat among others.

Discussions

40

Discouragement of early marriage and child labour was low. Most of the Pupils know their survival rights;

– However, some do not know most of their responsibilities and rights except that of respecting their family members/elders & education as their development right.

Most pupils in Private and Public schools had shoes;– Few in Special schools.

Pupils are knowledgeable on type of parasite and diseases prevented by wearing shoes.

There was no any organized school feeding programmes in most of the school – Only in some Private and Special schools.

Very few pupils belonged to a health club in school and significant number of schools lacked health clubs.

Discussions

41

Need to strengthen school health clubs – health champions at school level

Pupils to be taught more on values and life skills, gender issues, child rights and protection

Need for adequate latrines, drinking water points and desks in all schools

Girls provided with sanitary towels and sanitary towels disposal facilities

Hand washing (with soap) facilities should be provided and strategically placed for easy access by pupils.

Programmatic Implications

42

Need for sensitization among pupils, parents and the communities at large on dangers of drug abuse.

School management committees to work closely with the teachers in order to appreciate new skill being introduced to them by the pupils

Need for household involvement in creating long-lasting influence on hand washing behavior among pupils.

Programmatic Implications (Cont.)

43

Questions?

44

SCALE- UP BASELINE SURVEY UNILEVER SCHOOL OF FIVE COAST PROVINCE SEPTEMBER, 2013

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Transcript of SCALE- UP BASELINE SURVEY UNILEVER SCHOOL OF FIVE COAST PROVINCE SEPTEMBER, 2013