Saw online journal september

SAW - Social Action for Women 00mfrIefoHpOf vpOfxkwf tGefvdkif; *sme,f

00mfrIefoHpOf twGJ (1) - trSwf (1)? 1Cover Design - THMM

trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf vlrIapmifha&Smufa&; tzGJU 00mfrIefoHpOf vpOfxkwf tGefvdkif; *sme,f

00mfrIefoHpOf twGJ (1) - trSwf (1)?2

vlukeful;rIwdkufzsufa&; txl;tzGJJUrsm;tpnf;ta0; xdkif;EdkifiHwGif usif;y

xkdif;EkdifiH befaumufòrdŒY pufwifbmv (3)&ufae@rS(5)&ufae@txd 'kwd,t}udrf rJacgifa'owGif; 0ef}uD;rsm;tqifhvlukeful;r_ yl;aygif;wkdufzsufa&; tpDtpOf. txl;tzJG@rsm;tpnf;ta0; (2nd Regional COMMIT Task force Meeting)ukd usif;yaeonf[k tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufaeolwOD;rS ajymonf?“t=urf;zsif;ajym&r,fqdk&if aemufwqifhwdk;+yD;awmh rJacgif (6)EdkifiHtjyif ta&SŒtm&SEdkifiHawGvnf; 'Dvlukeful;r_udk yl;aygif;wdkufzsufzdk@ aqG;aEG;wJhoabmaygh/ jrefrmEdkifiHtaeeJŒuawmhjrefrm-xdkif;/ jrefrm-w¶kwfeJ@&,f vlukef;r_t"dujzpfaew,f”[k trnfrazmfvdkonfh tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufaeoluqkdygonf?

,ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif +yD;qkH;awmhrnfh UNIAP (United

Nations Inter - Agency Project on Human Trafficking) tpm; East

Asia Initiative Against Trafficking in Persons (EATIP) Project rSqufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfh udpPESifhywfoufI rJacgifa'owGif; (6)EkdifiH (w±kwf/ AD,uferf/ jrefrm/ vmtkd/ xkdif;ESifhuarBm'D;,m;)wkd@rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; /tvSL&Sif EkdifiHrsm;/ UNDP,

UNIAP ESifh IOM rS wm0ef&dSolrsm;wkd@awG@qkHum aqG;aEG;ae=ujcif; jzpfonf? odkŒaomfvnf; ,cktpnf;ta0;Y wufa&mufaqG;aEG;ae=uonfh ta&SŒtm&S EdkifiHrsm;taejzifhrlvlukeful;r_wdkuf zsufa&;twGuf oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfqdkEd kifjcif;tqifhtxd a&mufEdkifrnfr[kwfao;yJ avhvmoltjzpfom wufa&mufrnfhtqifhYyif &Sdao;onf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif 2008 ckESpfrS pI vlukeful;r_cH&olrsm;tm; (4000)0ef;usifcef@ u,fwifEd kifcJ h+yD;jzpfum ‚if;wdk@b0 jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;udk ukpm;Edkif&efrSm tm;enf; vsufyif&Sdonf[k‚if;tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufaeolrS qdkygonf? vlukeful;r_

yHkpHrsm;rSm ,cifuJhodk@r[kwfyJ rdef;rysKdrsm;tm; uav;arG;ap&eftwGuf vlukeful;jcif;/ uav;oli,frsm;. udk,ft*F g tpdwftydkif;rsm; cdk;,ljcif;/ awmif;&rf;pm;aomuf&ef twGuf cdkif;ap&efukeful;jcif;/ arG;uif;puav;rsm;tm; cdk;,ljcif; ponfhyHkpHrsKd;pHkjzpfay:aeonf[k qdkygonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vlukeful;r_cH&olrsm; jynfvnfxlaxmifa&;pcef;rsm;udk w¶kwf-jrefrme,fpyfY jynfvnfxlaxmifa&; pcef; (3)vHk;ESifh xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyfY (3)vHk; pkpkaygif; (6)vHk;tm; *syefEdkifiHrS tul tnDjzifhaqmufvkyfoGm;&ef&Sdonf?

vuf&SdY &Srf;jynfe,f ajrmufydkif; rlq,fòrdŒY wvHk;aqmufvkyf+yD;jzpfum wmcsDvdwfòrdŒY aemufxyfwvHk; aqmufvkyfEdkif&ef pDpOfaea=umif; od&onf? ,ckusif;yaeonfh tpnf;ta0;okd@ jrefrmEdkifiHrS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf &JOD;pD; t&m&dScsKyf&JrSL;csKyf cifarmifpD/ &JrSL;}uD; 0if;EkdifxGef; ('k-wyfzJG@rSL;/ vlukeful;r_wm;qD;ESdrfESif;a&;&JwyfzJG@)ESifh a':OrRm tdtdacsm (National

Project Coordinator, UNIAP Myanmar)wkd@ oHk;OD;ESifh avhvmol(3)OD;wdkŒ wufa&muf=uvsuf&Sdonf?

a&$[oFm

Ô Ô Ô


00mfrIefoHpOf twGJ (1) - trSwf (1)? 3

tdrfwGif; t=urf;zufr_oifwef;udk 9 &ufrS 12 &ufae@xdoHk;&ufwdkifwdkif ae&m 6 ckwGif jrefrma&$Œajymif; tvkyform;rsm;udk tdrfwGif; t=urf;zufr_ESifhoufqdkifaom acgif;pOfrsm;jzifh SAW (Social Action for Women). y±dk*rfwcktaejzifh ydk@cscJhygonf?

,if;oifwef;udk rJaqmufòrdŒtwGif;&S d xHkaxmif;/bef@aqmifcGJ/ cspfxGef;/ w±kwfocsKõif;a&SŒ/ r,fawmif/ u|ef;awm

ponfh &yfuGuf 6 ckrS touf 18 ESpfrS 45ESpf=um;&Sd trsKd;om;/ trsKd;orD; 28 a,mufwdk@ wwfa&mufcJhygonf? xl;jcm;r_u vifr,m;ESifhpHkwGJrsm;vnf; yg0ifa=umif; awG@&ygonf? tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufESifhywfowfI od&Sdem;vnfap&eftwGuf tajccH vl@tcGifhta&;/tm%myg0g/ oabmwlnDjcif;/ vdifuJGJjym;r_tay: tajccH+yD; cGJjcm;onfh tjrif/ tajccH trsKd;orD;tcGifhta&;/ ykHpHcGuf/ tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_ESifh t=urf;zufr_awGtay:ESihf vdiftay: tajccHjzpfay:vmaom Gender Base violence jzpfvmykHrsm;/ GBV

jzpfaomolrsm;. tusKd;qufrsm;/ aemufqufwGJ tajctaeESifh rnfodk@ ulnDaqmif&GufoifhovJESifh tapmfum;cHxdygu ta&;ay:tcsufrsm; bmawG vkyfaqmifoifhovJ ESpfodrfhr_ rnfodk@ay;oifhovJ ponf acgif;pOfrsm;udk SAW tzGJŒrS r&D&D0if;/ roif;oif;ESifhrqkjrwf0if;wdk@rS OD;aqmif+yD; aqG;aEG;ydk@csay;cJhygonf? oifwef;om;rsm;ESifhvnf; tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;r_rsm; ðyvkyfcJhygonf?

(Gender Base Violence)

tdrfwGif; tMurf;zufrIoifwef; ydkYcsjcif;

HIV ydk;&Sdolrsm;twGuf tdrfwdkif&ma&muf ðypkjcif;oifwef;udk xdkif;EdkifiH/ rJaqmufòrdŒ/ wmh(cf)c±dkif/ uGif;yJvpf

jr0wD tajccHynm txufwef;ausmif;rS t*Fvdyfbmomjy q&mr a':a&$piftd onf pufwifbmv 12 &ufae@eHeuf 9 em&D 30 rdepfwGif qm;ol;vD ausmif;Y jrefrma&$Œajymif;ausmif;rsm;rS wuUodkvfpmar;yG J 0ifa&mufajzqdk=urnfhausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk jrefrmEdkifiH. wuUodkvf0ifwef;qdkif&m pnf;urf;rsm;/ aqmif&ef a&Smif&efrsm;ESifh enf;vrf;rsm;udkajym=um; ay;cJhonf?

,if;oifwef;tm; SAW ausmif;rS t*Fvdyfbmom&yfjyq&m ra':eDeD ESifh '\rwef; ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om; pkpkaygif;(11)OD; wwfa&mufcJhygonf? xdk@tjyif aoG;opf/ qmol;av; ESifh

rJaqmufNrdKUwGif a&TUajymif; jrefrmausmif;rsm;rS 2013-2014

ynmoifESpftwGuf jyefrmjynftpdk;&u pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh t&nftcsif;ppf pmar;yGJ ajzqdkjcif;

tjcm;ausmif; ESpfausmif;rS ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm; (wuUodkvf0if pmar;yGJ)ajzqdk=urnfholrsm; wufa&mufcJhygonf? q&mra':a&$piftd rS t*FvdyfbmomESifh ywfouf+yD; rnfodk@ ajzqdk&rnf? ar;cGef;tm; trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD rnfokd@ ajzqdk&rnf?ar;cGef;ar;xm;csufay:rlwnfI rnfodk@ ajzqdk&rnfrsm;udk t*Fvdyfbmom oif¶dk;!̧ef;wrf;twkdif; ydk@cscJhygonf? ,if;oifwef;wGiftjcm;bmomrsm;udkvnf; atmufwdkbmvrS pI ,ckenf;pOftwkdif; ydk@csr_rsm; ðyvkyfrnf[k od&ygonf?

HIV ydk;&Sdolrsm;twGuf tdrfwkdif&ma&mufûypkjcif; oifwef;

(queen palance hotel)wGif pufwifbmv 9 &ufrS 13 &ufae@xd 5 &ufwdkifwdkif oifwef;ydk@csay;cJhonf? ,if;oifwef;. t"du&nf&G,fcsufrSm oifwef;om;rsm; rdrdukd,fukd ,kH=unfrljynf@0vm+yD; vlem;tm; u|rf;u|rf;usifusifESifh aumif;rGefpGm ðypkapmifha&Smufwwfap&ef jzpfonf?

xkdoifwef;ESif@ywfoufI rJaqmufòrdŒ vlrltajcðy tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;/ tpkd;&r[kwfonfh tzGJ@tpnf;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0if+yD; xkdif;EkdifiH/ befaumufòrdŒawmfwGif ±kH;tajcpkdufaom (Human Development foundation) tzGJ@tpnf;u



OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ay;cJhonf? ,if;oifwef;udk SAW tzG@JtwGif;rSm&Sdaom health care house tdrfrS rrdk;v_dif/ r'g;aem ESifh racsmpkv_difwdk@ wwfa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfygonf? 5 &ufwm tcsdefumvrSm oifwef;twGif; oif=um;rlenf;vrf;rsm; aqG;aEG;jcif;/ oifwef;om;rsm;tcsif;csif; tawG@tñuH zvS,fjcif;/ o±kyfjyZwfvrf;rsm; ðyvkyfjcif;ESif@ tdrfwGif;oGm;a&mufðypk&mwGif &&Sdaom tawG@tñuHrsm;udkaqG;aEG;wifjycJhygonf? oifwef;aemufqkH;&ufrSm (HDF)tzGJ@rS yg0ifwufa&mufcJh=uonfh oifwef;om;rsm;tm; oifwef;+yD;qHk;a=umif;vufrSwfrsm;udk ay;tyfcJhygjzpfonf?

trsKd;orD;rsm; t=urf;zufr_&yfwef@jcif; tpnf;ta0;udk pufwifbm20 &ufae@ wmhcf (Tak)c±dkif Viang Tak River Side

Hotel wGif usif;yðyvkyfcJhygonf? xdktpnf;ta0;udk reuf 9 em&DrS ae@vnf 12 em&D 30 rdepftxd ðyvkyfcJh+yD; SAW (Social

Action for Women)tzJG@ tygt0if xdkif;-jrefrmtajcðy vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ NGOs tzGJ@rsm; xdkif;ukr̀%D vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESifhwmhcfc±dkif rJaqmuf {&d,m (2)rS xdkif;ynma&;Xme/ zkwfzòrdŒe,f tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; Xme/ wmhcfc±dkiftkyfcsKyfa&;Xme/ &JXmeESifh xdkif;vlr_zlvHka&;tzGJ@wdk@ yg0ifygonf? xdktpnf;ta0;. &nf&G,fcsufrSm æ uav;rsm;tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;Edkif&efESifh rdom;pk

trsKd;orD;rsm; tMurf;zufrI &yfwefYjcif; tpnf;ta0; wmhcf (Tak)wGif usif;y

tdrfaxmifa&;jy\emrsm;udk 0dkif;0ef;ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf?

tpnf;ta0;zGifhyGJtaejzifh xdkif;ausmif;wausmif;rS uyGJrsm; / azsmfajzyGJrsm;ESifh tmqD,Hcspf=unfa&; tursm;udkujy azsmfajzcJhonf? xdk@aemuf wmhcf±dkifrSL;rS trsKd;orD;rsm; t=urf;zufcH&r_rsm;ta=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf? ‚if;rStmqD,H 10 EdkifiHzGHòzd;wdk;wufatmifóud;pm;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyfwav#mufwGif xdkif;ESifhjrefrm pD;yGm;a&;vkyfcsifa=umif;/ t"du e,fpyfzGH@òzd;wdk;wufatmif vkyfcsifonf[k ajym

=um;cJhonf? xdk@jyif vlr_a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ydkrdkðyvkyfcsif+yD; xdkif;EdkifiHwGif jrefrmtvkyform;rsm; rsm;jym;onfhtwGuf vkyfief;rsm;udkwdk;csJŒcsifaomfvnf; twif;t"rR tvkyfrcdkif;csifa=umif;/ Passport rsm;&&Sd&ef twGuf OSCC rS tultnDrsm;pGmay;aea=umif;/xdk@jyif jrefrmrdef;uav; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf toufi,fi,fESifh tdrfaxmifðy=uaoma=umifh udk,f0efaqmif&r_rsm;+yD;&yfuGufrsm;xJwGif udk,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;i,frsm;tm; trsm;qHk; awG@ae&a=umif;/ rdbapmifha&Smufr_r&Sdonfh trsKd;orD;rsm;wGifvnf; rk'drf;usifhcH&r_/ i,fi,f&G,f&G,f uav;&r_ ponfhjy\emrsm; ñuHawG@ae&a=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf?

xdkjyif tdrfaxmifa&;jy\emrsm;/ rk'drf;r_rsm;udk trsKd;orD;trsm;pku t"du t=urf;zufr_cHae&wmjzpf+yD; xdk@okd@ rjzpf&atmif&yfxJ&GmxJwGif vlr_tajcðy tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u todynmay;r_rsm; ðyvkyfay;oifha=umif;/ i,f&G,fonfh trsKd;om;/ trsKd;orD;rsm;udkt"duxm;I todynmrsm;ay;oifha=umif;/ tdrfaxmifonfrsm;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;udk ±dkufESufr_rsm; yaysmufatmif 0dkif;0ef;ajz&Sif;oifha=umif;/ taumif;qHk; ajz&Sif;enf;rSm vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u tpGrf;tp&Sdoavmuf trsKd;orD;rsm;. tcef;u¾ESifhpdwfcGeftm;rsm;udk jr‡ifhwifay;&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ jy\emudk apmifhraebJ rsufpdzGifhem;pGifh+yD; jy\em&SdwJhae&mudkvdkuf+yD; ajz&Sif;ay;&rnf[k ajym=um;oGm;cJhygonf? t=urf;zufr_rsm;onf Tak c±dkifwGif trsm;qHk;jzpf=u+yD; rdbrJh yvufazmif;acgif;tHk;vkyf=u&onfhvltrsm;pku ydktjzpfrsm;onf? rJaqmuf/ zkwfz&ESifh r,fvr twGif;rSmaexdkif=uonfh trsdK;orD;awG[m 3 ESpf/ 4 ESpf/6 ESpforD;i,fav;rsm;udk a&mif;pm;=uvsuf&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifh vlr_tajcðy tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh ukr̀%Dvkyfief;&Sifrsm;u t=urf;zufcHae&oltrsKd;orD;rsm; touf&SifoefEdkif&eftwGuf tvkyfvkyfay;&rnf? xdkolrsm;twGuf aiGa=u;vSL'gef;ay;r_rsm;vnf; wwfEdkifoavmufðyvkyfay;apcsifygonf? wmhcfc±dkifwGif y#rf;r#tm;jzifh jypfr_aygif; 100 µ wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; t=urf;zufcH&r_rSm 90 µ cef@jzpfyGm;aeonf? tusKd;quftm;jzifh uav;rsm;. tem*wfudkvnf; xdcdkufr_rsm;&Sdaeonf?

,if;aemuf c±kdiftoD;oD;rS vl}uD;rsm;ESifh XmecsKyfrsm;rSt&m&Sdrsm;udk wmhc±dkifrSvl}uD;u qkay;r_rsm;ðyvkyfcJh+yD; ae@vnf 12em&D 30 rdepfwGif tcrf;tem;+yD;qHk;cJha=umif; owif;&&Sdygonf?



rJaqmufaq;±Hk}uD;wGif ðyvkyfcJhaom ausmif;usef;rma&;wm0efcH oifwef;udk SAW High School rSausmif;usef;rma&;wm0efc H q&m (1)OD;tygt0ifausmif;om;§ol (5)OD;/ pkpkaygif; (6)OD; wufa&mufcJhygonf? oifwef;umvrSm =o*kwfv (31)&ufae@rSpufwifbmv (1)&ufae@txd jzpf+yD; reuf8em&DrS nae5 em&Dtxd oif=um;ay;cJhaom tusKd;&Sdonfh 2 &ufwmoifwef;jzpfonf? oifwef;udk OD;aqmifay;cJholrsm;rSmrJaqmufaq;±Hk}uD;rS 0efxrf;tcsKdŒESifh IRC rS usef;rma&;

0efxrf;wdk@jzpf=u+yD; xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd Migrant Learning

Center rsm;&Sd ausmif; (22)ausmif;rS ausmif;om;§olpkpkaygif; (75)OD; wufa&mufcJhonf?

xdk @ jyif oifwef;wGif; uav;rsm;. tajccHusef;rma&;ukoenf;rsm;tjyif aq;cef;twGif; tajccHaq;ay;enf;rsm;udk t"duxm; oif=um;cJhonf? yxr&ufwGif qHkqdk@/ =uufn‡m/ ykvdyfa&m*g (ºuGufao; a&m*g)ESifh uav;rsm;wGif tjzpfrsm;onfh ul;pufa&m*g um

uG,fenf;rsm;ta=umif; oif=um;ay;cJhonf? 'kwd,&ufwGif a&S;OD; olemðypkjcif;rsm;ta=umif; oif=um;cJh+yD; oifwef;om;tcsif;csif; vufawG@ðyvkyfjcif;rsm;/ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESifh Game rsm;udk twlwuGðyvkyfcJhonf? xdk@jyif rJaqmufaq;±Hktkyf}uD;rS oifwef;om;rsm;udk oifwef;qif;vufrSwfESifh oifwef;pmtkyfudk ay;tyfcJhonf? tvm;wl oifwef;rsm;udk xyfrHðyvkyf&ef&Sdao;a=umif; rJaqmufaq;±Hktkyf}uD;rS ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf?

,if;aemuf pufwifbm 2 &ufae@wGif oifwef;rS&&SdcJhaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk wufa&mufcJholrsm;rSOD;aqmif+yD; SAW High School wGif jyefvnfa0r#ay;cJha=umif; owif;&&Sdygonf?

ausmif;usef;rma&; wm0efcHoifwef;udk SAW High School rSq&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; wufa&mufcJh

rJaqmufòrdŒ CDC ausmif;wGif 5 }udfrfajrmuf ausmif;usef;rma&;qkay;yGJusif;ycJh&m SAW High School rS a=u;wHqdyfqk&cJhonf? xdkqkay;yGJudk reuf 9 em&DrS ae@vnf 1 em&Dtxdusif;ycJh+yD; r,fawmf aq;cef;rS a'gufwm pifoD,marmifESifh q&mref;a&$ESif;wdk@rS OD;aqmif+yD; tcrf;tem;ðyvkyfcJhonf? ‚if;qkay;yGJodk@ ausmif;aygif; 40 ausmf wdk@rS q&m/ rrsm;ESifh zdwf=um;xm;aom{nfhonfpkpkaygif; 250 ausmf wufa&mufcJh+yD; r,fawmfaq;cef;rS a'gufwm pifoD,marmifESifh CDC ausmif;tkyfjzpfonfh q&mref;a&$ESif; wdk@rS tzGifhtrSmpum; ajym=um;cJhonf?

Migrant ausmif;aygif; 72 ausmif;&Sdonfhteuf xdkausmif;rsm;xJrS aiGwHqdyfqk& (15)ausmif; /a=u;wHqdyfqk& (15)ausmif;wdk@udk a'gufwm pifoD,marmifrS ausmif;usef;rma&;qkrsm;csD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? ausmif;usef;rma&;qkudk csD;jr‡ifh&mwGif ausmif;om;rsm;.usef;rma&;/ ausmif;ywf0ef;usifoef@&Sif;r_/ pmoifcef;oef@&Sif;r_ESifh ausmif;oef@&Sif;r_ ponfhtcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDonfhausmif;rsm;udkom a&G;cs,fcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;jzpfonf? tcrf;tem;r+yD;qHk;cif United –Act tzGJ@rS uav;i,frsm;rS aw;oDcsif;rsm;jzifhujy azsmfajzay;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf ‚if;qkay;yGJrsKd;udk wESpfw}udrf qufvufusif;yay;oGm;rnf jzpfa=umif; a'gufwm pifoD,marmifuxyfrH ajym=um;oGm;a=umif; owif;&&Sdygonf?

(5)Mudrfajrmuf ausmif;usef;rma&;qkay;yGJwGif SAW High School aMu;wHqdyf qk&

Ô Ô Ô



Social Action For Women (trsKd;orD;ESifh uav;vlr_apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@)twGif;&Sdaom Safe House (rdbrJhuav;rsm;)taqmifodk@ SUN FLOWER ausmif;rS q&mrwOD;ESifh BMWEC rS q&mr Rene Croac u tdrf&Sd atmufydkif; roefpGrf;aom uav;ròzd;pkaEG;tm; 16-9/ 2013 naeydkif;wGif vma&muf=unfh±_ŒcJhonf?

ròzd;pkaEG;onf touf oHk;ESpft&G,f atmufydkif;roefpGrf;aom rdef;uav;jzpfonf? olronf 1-9/ 2013 wGif zcifjzpfolrSpm;0wfaea&;tqifrajyr_/ uav;tm; xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufEdkifr_/ uav;tem*wftwGuf pdwfcsEdkifap&eftwGuf rdbrJhuav;a*[modk@ t+yD;ydkif v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhygonf? olr. ajc'l;rSm rdrdcE<mudk,fudk rxdef;Edkifonfhtajctaejzpfaeonf? xdk@a=umifholrtm; taqmifr_;/ uav;xdef;rsm;u aocsm=unhf±_apmifha&Smuf+yD; vrf;av#mufEdkif&eftwGuf v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;pGmvkyfaqmifay;cJhonf? xdk@tjyif olrtm; SUN FLOWER ausmif;rS q&mrwOD;ESifh BMWEC rS q&mr Rene Croac wdk@u usef;rma&;qdkif&m avhusifhcef;rsm;vkyfay;oGm;+yD; olrtwGuf vrf;a&Smuftul vufwGef;vSnfbD;tm; ay;tyfcJhygonf?

Social Action for Women (trsKd;orD;ESifh uav;vlr_apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@)twGif;&Sdaom Safe House (rdbrJhuav;rsm;)taqmifwGif&Sdaom ròzd;oEœma0 yÌrwef;tm; ynma&;ydkif;qdkif&m axmufyhHay;aom COLNBORA BIRMANIA tzGJŒ0if Mornikar

. rdbrsm;onf 21-9/ 2013 ae@v,fydkif;wGif Spain rS vma&mufI ròzd;oEœma0ESifh uav;rsm;tm; vma&muf=unfh±_ŒcJhonf?,if; COLNBORA BIRMANIA tzGJ@onf Safe House a*[modk@ r=umc%vma&mufI xdkif;uav;rsm;ESifh awG@qHk;+yD;

rkef@rsm; a0iSI uav;rsm;tm; yefcsDqGJjyjcif; oDcsif;qdkjyjcif;rsm;jzifh vma&mufawG@qHkcJhygonf? ,cktcgwGif COLNBORA BIRMANIA

tzGJ@0if Mornikar . rdbrsm;onf txl;oD;oef@taejzifh Spain rSvmI uav;rsm;tm; vma&mufavhvm=unhf±_Œjcif;jzpfonf?

Social Action for Women (trsKd;orD;ESifh uav;vlr_apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@)twGif;&Sdaom Safe House (rdbrJhuav;rsm;)taqmifodk@ Thai Children Truth rS donors rsm;ESifh rjrwfEdkb,foef; wdk@onf 16-9/ 2013 eHeufydkif;wGif vma&mufawG@qHk=unfh±_ŒcJhygonf?

,if; Thai Children TruthtzGJ@rS tvSL&Sifrsm;onf Safe House tm; t"du axmufyHay;aeaom tvSL&Sifrsm;jzpf=uonf?,if;tvSL&Sifrsm;onf r=umc%vma&mufvnfywfjcif; jzpfonf? wcgw&HwGif uav;rsm;ESifhtwl rsm;pGmaom *drf;rsm;udk aysmf&$ifpGmupm;cJh=uonf?

uav;rsm;twGuf ypfrSwfxm;um w¶kwfEdkifiHrS jrefrm EdkifiHòrdŒtoD;oD;odk@ w¶kwf-jrefrme,fpyfrsm;rS wifoGif;vmaom usyf100 om wefa=u;&Sdonfh usifpuf t¶kyf tEœ&m,fta=umif;today;csifygw,f?

Facebook &Sd owif;aygif;pHk pmrsufESmrS 19-9/ 2013ae@pGJjzifh pdwf0ifpm;p&m owif;wifqufr_udk ,ckvdk zwf¶_&ygw,f?

vm;±d_;òrdŒwGif w±kwfEdkifiHrS wifoGif;vmaom uav; upm;p&mt±kyf usifpufa=umihf uav;tcsif;csif; aqmhupm;&mrSuav;i,fwOD; ajcaxmuf ta=umqGJovdkjzpfum vrf;aumif;pGm rav#mufEdkifawmhojzihf aq;ukoae&ygonf?xdkupm;p&mt±kyfrsm;udk trSwf (4)&yfuGuf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;ESihf tzGJ@u uav;i,frsm;xHrS acsmharmhum jyefvnf0,f,lae+yDzsufpD;aeaomfvnf; tjcm;&yfuGuf&Sd uav;i,frsm;rSm tEœ&,frodbJ aqmhupm;ae=uygonf? oufqdkif&mrS ynmay;jyefvnf;odrf;pnf;ay;apcsif+yD;/ a&mif;csolrsm;udkvnf; wm;jrpfay;apcsifonf[k rdbrsm;xHrS toHxGufvm=uaomfvnf; trSwf (4)&yfuGuftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;vdk wm0efodpdwfjzihf rvkyfay;Edkifwmudk awG@&Sd&ojzihf pdwfraumif;jzpfae&onf[k oli,fcsif;wODrS &ifzGihfvmojzihfFB ay:rS oli,fcsif;rsm; odap&efESihf tqdkyg wefbdk;aiG usyf (100)om ay;&aom usifpufonf ,cktcg jrefrmjynf òrdŒwdkif;eD;yg;a&muf&Sdaeavmufyg+yDvdk@ xif&ojzihf uav;i,frsm;tm; xyfrHI vm±d_;òrdŒrSuav;vdk pdwfraumif;p&m tjzpftysufrsm;rjzpfyGm;&atmif wm0efod jynfolrsm;taejzihf 0dkef0ef;xdrf;odrf;ay;&atmif FB ay:rS rdwfaqGrsm;uwqihf today;&atmif æav;pm;pGm wdkufwGef;tyfygw,fcifAsm?

https://www.facebook.com/TanintharyiNewsNetwork rS ul,lazmfjyygonf?

w½kwfEdkifiHrS wifoGif;vmaom usifpuf t½kyf upm;p&m&JU tEÅ&m,f



aumifrav;wa,muf ol@tareJ@ t}uD;tus,f&efjzpf+yD; tdrfay:uae ajyqif;oGm;w,f?

'Dtdrfudk vHk;0jyefrvmawmhbl;vdk@ qHk;jzwfvdkufw,f? oltjyifrSm waeukefav#mufoGm;aewm AdkufuvJ *vk*vkjrnfae+yD? 'gayrJh olydkufqHrygbJ xGufvmcJhwm/ tdrfjyef+yD;xrif;pm;zdk@ rsufESmvnf;r&Sdawmhbl;?

na&mufawmh ol acgufqGJqdkifwqdkifem; a&mufvmcJhw,f æ acgufqGJteH@uvJ ar$;óudifaeawmh wyGJavmufpm;csifpdwfu t&rf;udk jyif;jyaew,f? ydkufqHygrvmawmhwHawG;udkbJ jyefjyef rsKdcsae&wmaygh?

±kwfw&uf acgufqGJqdkifydkif&Sifu “orD; acgufqGJpm;rvdk@vm;”vdk@ ar;awmh oluvJ &Suf&SufeJ@ “tif; æ 'gayrJh orD;rSmydkufqHrygvmbl;”vdk@ jyefajzvdkufw,f? qdkifydkif&SifuvJ “&w,fæ 'Dae@ igau|;wmvdk@bJ xm;vdkufygawmh”vdk@ ajymvdkufw,f?rdef;uav;uvJ udk,fhem;udkawmif r,HkEdkifavmufatmifjzpf+yD;qdkifxJ 0ifxdkifvdkufw,f? r=umcifrSmbJ acgufqGJa&mufvm+yD;æ ol +rdef&nf&Suf&nf pm;+yD; “OD;av;u t&rf; oabmaumif;wmbJ”vdk@ ajymvdkufw,f?

qdkifydkif&Sifu æ“tJ æ bmvdk@vJ æ” olu æ “[kwfw,fav/ orD;wdk@

wcgrSrawG@zl;bJeJ@ OD;av;u orD;ay: 'Davmufaumif;wm/orD;arareJ@ rwlbl;/ orD;bmvdkcsifvJ b,fvdkpOf;pm;aewmvJqdkwmudk em;rvnfay;Edkifbl;? t&rf;pdwfqdk;wmbJ”vdk@ jyefajymvdkufw,f? qdkifydkif&Sifu &,f+yD; jyefajymw,f “orD;av; æ igueifhudk acgufqGJav;wyGJ au|;,HkeJ@ eifighudk tJavmufaus;Zl;wifae æ eifhtaru eifhudk tESpf 20 ausmf xrif;csufau|;vmwm æ/ eifol@udk ydk+yD; aus;Zl;rwifoifhbl;vm; æ”qdkif ydkif&Sif'Dvdkajym+yD;aemufrSm aumifrav;[m tdyfrufxJu Edk;vmovdkoabmayguf+yD; rsuf&nfrsm; pD;usvmw,f? usefaeao;wJhacgufqGJudk qufrpm;Ed kifawmhbJ tdrfudk jyefajy;cJ hw,f?tdrfa&SŒvrf;xdyfa&mufawmh ol@arar[m ylyefaomursm;pGmeJ@

[dk[dk'D'D ar#mfaewmudk ta0;uae vSrf;jrifvdkuf&w,f?ol@pdwfxJrSmawmh axmifaomif; ruaom awmifyef;pum;awGvd_ufzdkaew,f? yg;pyf[zdk@ tcsdefawmif r&vdkufbl;? ol@araruajy;vm+yD;awmh æ “waeukef b,f awGoGm;aewmvJ æ ighrSmpdwfylvdkuf&wm? vm æ vufaq; +yD; xrif;pm;awmh æ”vdk@ajymvdkufcs de fr Smawmh rdef;uav;[m rdcif&JŒarwWmudkeufeuf±_dif;±_dif;cHpm;rd+yD; rsuf&nfawG[m a&v_dif;vdk usvmw,f?

t+rJwrf; oifhudk apmifha&Smuf*±kpdkufaewJholudkawmhoifuawmh bmrSr[kwfovdkbJ? olpdrf;wa,mufa,mufu rsm;udk,fhay:aumif;jyvdkuf&if 'Dvl[m t&rf;udk aumif;wJh vlvdk@xifrdvdrfhr,f? t+rJwrf; oifhtay:rSmaumif;aewm[m tcsdef=umvmwmeJ@tr# 'g[m tusifhwckvdkjzpfoGm;w,f? aemuftusifhuae 'g[m vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwmjzpfoGm;a&m? 'DawmhwcsdefcsdefrSm *±kpdkufr_avsmhoGm;wmeJ@ oif[m p+yD; rauseyfawmhbl;? trSefwu,fawmh *±kpdkufr_awGavsmhoGm;wmr[kwfbJ udk,fawG&JŒawmif;qdkr_[m ydkrsm;vmvdk@ygbJ? &,lr_ udktusifhygoGm;+yD;wJhaemuf aus;Zl;odwwfr_awGudk arhavsmhaewwf =uw,f?

Credit To Zane - r#a0ay;wmvnf; arwWmwckyg?

Ô Ô Ô

(1) pmzwf0goem&Sdygap?(2) tqihftwef;&Sdygap?(3) b0xJutvSawGudk &SmazGwwfygap?(4) tawG;tac:aumif;olawGeJ@ rdwfaqGzJG@wwfygap?(5) tESpfom&r&SdwJh ±kyf&Sifum;awGudk a0;a0;a&SmifEdkifygap?(6) onf;cHcGihfv$wfwwfzdk@ oif,lEdkifygap?(7) usef;rmwJhpdwfESvHk; arG;jrLEdkifygap?(8) vSywihfw,fjcif;u oifh&JŒ&if;ESD;jr‡yfESHr_jzpfygap?(9) b,fa,mufsm;udkrS tm;rudk;wJh udk,hfudk,fudk &SifoefEdkifol jzpfygap?(10) aiGa&;a=u;a&; pDrHcef@cJGwwfatmif oif,lEdkifygap?(11) tcspfeJ@ tdrfaxmifa&; twlwuGyl;wJGaeygap?(12) a,mufsm;awGeJ@ wef;wlnDr# &ifabmifwef;Edkifygap?(13) oihfpdwful;tdyfrufudk ulnDtaumiftxnfazmfay;r,hfa,mufsm;udk &Sm,lEdkifygap?(14) EkysKdjcif;udk pGef@v$wf&onhfwdkif tðyH;udk csdwfqJGxm;Edkifygap?

(Ekdif;Ekdif; pae) vif;vuf=u,fav;rsm;

rdef;uav;awGtwGuf tMuHOmPf (14)csuf



1? uGefysLwmudk =unfhwJhtcgrSm jzpfEd kifor# rdrd&JŒrsufpdeJ@ wwef;wnf;jzpfatmif xm;=unfhyg?2? uGefysLwmudk =unfh&if

uGefysLwmtoHk;rsm;olrsm; rsufpdrxdcdkufatmif

urBmausmfoGm;wJh yHkav;wyHk jzpfygw,f? tD&wfrSmjzpfoGm;wJh ppfa=umihf rdbrJhoGm;&wJh uav;wa,mufyg?=urf;jyifrSm ajrjzLeJ@ tarhyHkqGJ+yD; tarh&ifcGifrSm tdyfaeoa,muf cHpm;csufudk udk,fwdkifóud;pm;zefwD;xm;&Smygw,f?

tar&duef OD;aqmif aewdk;wyfzGJ@eJ@ tD&wf ppfwyfwdk@=um;wdkufyGJjyif;xefaecsdef uav;r&JŒrdbESpfOD;pvHk; uG,fvGefoGm; &jcif;jzpfygw,f?

tarh&ifcGif wrf;wol

tdEdN,EdkifiH *srl;òrdŒ ajrmufydkif;u roefpGrf;olrsm; apmifha&Smufa&;a*[mu rdef;uav; ig;a,mufudk vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;cJhwJh vlESpfa,mufudk zrf;xm;w,fvdk@ &Ju ajymygw,f? 'Drdef;uav;awG[m vdifapmfum;cH&w,fvdk@ usef;rma&;aq;ppfcsufawG xGufvmcJh+yD;wJhaemufroefpGrf; apmifha&Smufa&;a*[mu tapmifheJ@ 'g±dkufwmwdk@udk zrf;qD;ppfaq;aew,fvdk@ &Ju ajymygw,f? tzrf;cH&olawGzufu ajym=um;

csufawG rxGufay:ao;bJ/ 'Dt"rRðyusifhr_udk b,folusL;vGefcJhwmvJqdkwmvnf; oJoJuJGuJG rod&ao;ygbl;? tckvydkif;awGtwGif;tdEdN,rSm t"rRðyusifhr_awG trsm; tjym; xGufay:vmcJh+yD; EdkifiHwv$m;rSmvnf; 'DudpPtay: ,rf;rD;yHkus a'goxGufae=uygw,f?

bDbDpD (jrefrmykdif;)

cENmudk,fudk rwfrwfxdkifyg? ukef;aejcif;/ vefaejcif;wdk@ymm=umvmwJhtcgrSm Zufa=umawGwufvmovdk jzpfvmygvdrfhr,f? tJ'Dxuf ydkqdk;vm&if Zufem;w0dkufrSm emusifvmygvdrfhr,f?3? uGefysLwmudk tvif;avsmhyg? odyfvif;vGef;ae&if rsufpdukdxdcdkufapygw,f?4? uGefysLwmudk 2 em&D - 3 em&D qufwdkufoHk;+yD;wdkif; c%

em;yg? tanmif;ajytnmajy v_yf&Sm;yg? rsufpdudk rSdwfxm;+yD;aomfvnf;aumif;/ a0;vHaomae&mrsm;/ tpdrf;a&mif&Sdaomopfyifjrufyif pwmawGudk =unfhay;oihfygw,f? tJ'gawG twGuf15 rdepfavmuf tcsdefay;yg? +yD;rS jyefoHk;yg? aemufwck uuGefysLwmem;rSm opfyiftao;pm;av;awG xm;vdk@ &ygw,f?rsufpdanmif;vm&if tJ'Dopfyifav;awGudk =unhf ay;vdk@&ygw,f?+y D ;awmh tJ' Dopfyifav;awGu uGe fysLwmu vmwJ htvif;awGudk pkyf,lay;w,fvdk@ ajymygw,f?

jzpfoif hwmuawmh uGe fysLwmtoH k; ðywmud kenf;enf;avsmhoifhygw,f?

uGefysLwmtoHk;rsm;vdk@ jzpfwmudkawmh usaemfajymxm;wJh enf;vrf;awGeJ@ umuG,fEdkifygw,f? rsufpOf;cyfcsif&ifawmh V-rhoto qdkwJh rsufpOf;cyfvdk@&ygw,f? ydk;owfrsufpOf;rymkwfbJ rsufpdukd at;apygw,f? tpm;taomuftaeeJ@ pdrf;aom t&Guf/ 0gaom toD;awGu rsufpdtm;udkwdk;apygw,f? aq;taeeJ@uawmh ig;}uD;qD/ Vitamin A ESifhjrif;cGm&Gufygaom tm;aq;rsm; aomufvdk@&ygw,f?

Ô Ô Ô

uGefysLwm toHk;ûywJhtcgrSm

atmufyg tcsufawGudk vdkuf

em oifhygw,f/

Ô Ô Ô

roefpGrf;a*[mu rdef;uav;awGudk t"r®ûyusifholawGudk zrf;xm;



&moDOwkajymif;vmwmeJ@ av&JŒtylcsdefeJ@ pkdxkdif;r_vnf;rwlawmhwmjzpfvmygw,f? rkd;&moD 0ef;usifopfrSm aygufyGm;vm=ur,fh ydk;awGuvnf; wrsKd;+yD;wrsKd; jzpfvmygw,f? ckvdkrdk;v,fumva&mufawmh ae@pOfvkd rdk;u&Gm pdkpGwfcsdefrsm;ywf0ef;usifrSm a&awGjynhfaeyg+yD? ul;pufa&m*gawG[m touf±ªvrf;a=umif;eJ@ tpmvrf;a=umif;awGuae 0ifvmEdkifygw,f?tjzpftrsm;tqHk;u Common Cold tat;rdwm/ Influenza

(Flu)wkyfauG;eJ@ Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)

touf±ªvrf;a=umif; txufykdif; ul;pufa&m*gawGjzpfygw,f?touf±ªvrf;a=umif;uae 0ifvmEkdifwmawGu tr_eftr$m;

av;awGtaeeJ@ 0ifwm droplets infection &,f/ a&m*g&SdaeoleJ@ wkduf±kdufxdawG@&muae 0ifwm direct contact &,fvkd@ &Sdygw,f?Common Cold tat;rdwmeJ@ URTI touf±ªvrf;a=umif;txufydkif; ul;pufa&m*gawG[m Akdif;&yfpf virus uae jzpfapygw,f?trsm;pkrSm odyfrqkd;=ubJ ol@zmomol aysmufoGm;Ekdifygw,f? rqkd;bl;qkdayr,fh Pneumonia erdk;eD;,m;jzpf&ifawmh qkd;ygw,f?Influenza (flu)wkyfauG;uawmh qkd;wwfygw,f? a&m*gvuQ%mawGu tat;rdwmeJ@ tawmfwlygw,f? Akdif;&yfpfuaejzpfwmcsif;vnf; wlw,f? trsKd;tpm; at eJ@ bD qkd+yD;&Sdw,f? Influenza A-H1N1 virus eJ@ H5N1 virus qkdwmawGutopfay:vm=uwmawGyg?rkd;&moDrSm wjcm; ul;pufa&m*gawGvnf; owdxm;=u&ygr,f?(1)? Malaria iSufzsm;[m Mosquito–born diseases jcifuaewqifh ul;pufwJha&m*gawGxJrSmyg0ifygw,f?(2)? Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever ( DHF )aoG;vGefwkyfauG;uawmh a&aorSm aygufyGm;wwfwJh Aedes Mosquito trsKd;tpm;‘jcifr’udkuf&muae ul;pufygw,f? ol@tvkdvkd aysmufEkdifayr,fh wcsKdŒrSm aoqHk;wJhtxd qkd;ygw,f?(3)? tpmvrf;a=umif;awGuae wqihf 0ifvmEkdifwmawGa=umihf Diarahoea 0rf;ysufr,f/ tefr,f Akdif;&yfpf uae jzpfwmrsm;w,f?"mwfqm;a& wkduf±HkeJ@&w,f? ydk;aoaq; Antibiotic rvkdbl;? jzpfapwJhydk;u bufwD;&D;,m; qkd&if ydkqkd;w,f? Oyrm æ wkdufzdGKufjzpfapwJhSalmonella eJ@ 0rf;ukdufapwJh Shigella ydk;awGjzpfw,f? tzsm;wuf udk,fylr,f/ ydk;aoaq; antibiotic vkdw,f? a&m*gqkd;0g;&iftdrfrSmuk±HkeJ@ rvHkavmufbl;? "mwfqm;a& wkduf±HkeJ@ rEdkif&if Infusion/ Drip aoG;jyefa=umxJ aq;&nfoGif;&w,f? oGif;&wJhaq;&nfuvnf; Ringer Lactate "mwfqm;a&ygbJ?(4)? tqkd;qHk; ul;pufa&m*gwcku Vibrio Cholerae Bacteria a=umifhjzpfwJh Cholera umv0rf;a&m*gjzpfygw,f? toufaoqHk;wJhtxdjzpfEdkifovkd vlawGtrsm;}uD;xH tvsiftjref ul;pufapEkdifygw,f?(5)? Leptospirosis qkdwm wd&p>meftnpfta=u;awGuae wqifh ul;pufygw,f? ausmufuyf/ tonf;eJ@ OD;aESmufajr‡;awGudkxdckdufygw,f?(6)? Hepatitis A tonf;a&mif at Akdif;&yfpftrsKd;tpm;[m tjzpfrsm;+yD; jzpfvm&if tpm;taomufysuf/ tefcsif/ rtDromjzpf/Akdufem/ udk,fylr,f? Jaundice rsufpd/ qD;/ tom;awG 0gvmr,f?

(7)? Fungal Infections rd_ydk;uaewqifhjzpfapwJh scabies 0J,m;emvnf; &moDOwkpGwfpkdcsdefrSm tjzpfrsm;ygw,f? pkdxkdif;xkdif;jzpfaewmudk 'D fungus taumifi,fav;awGu ESpfoufw,f?uav;vl}uD; [kdae&mu,m;/ 'Dae&mu,m; jzpf=ur,f? ,m;vkd@ukyfrdr,f/ ukyf&muae bufwD;&D;,m;0ifr,f/ temjzpfvmr,f/tem&if;r,f/ jynfwnfr,f/ 'Dvkd&moDOwkajymif;cgprSm jynfwnfemjzpfolawGodyfrsm;ygw,f?

b,fvkdumuG,f=urvJ(1)? xD;/ rkd;umtusô oGm;av&m t+rJ,laqmifyg?

rdk;&moDwGif tjzpfrsm;aom usef;rma&;jyóemrsm;ESifh owdûyoifhonfh tcsufrsm;

The most common health problems in the rainy season with Do’s & Don’t’s

rdk;&moDwGif tjzpfrsm;aom usef;rma&;jyóemrsm;ESifh owdûyoifhonfh tcsufrsm;

The most common health problems in the rainy season with Do’s & Don’t’s



(2)? vlxlxyfwJh vlpkvla0;ae&mawG Oyrm æ aps;/ yGJcif;/ ±kyf&Sif±Hkwwf Edkifoavmuf a&Smif&Sm;yg?(3)? acsmif;qkd;/ ESmacs&mrSm zkH;tkyf+yD;vkyfyg? vufukdifyk0g/ wpf±ª;oHk;yg? acsmif;qkd;/ ESmacsaeol aeraumif;jzpfaeolawGeJ@eD;eD;uyfuyfraeygeJ@?(4)? oef@wJha&udkbJ aomufyg? a&aEG;usKdaomufwm taumif;qHk;yg? r&Ekdif&if a&oef@Al;ua& aomufyg?5? rdrdywf0ef;usif jcifraygufyGm;atmif a&ao r&SdygapeJ@? pufbD;/ qkdifu,f/ um;wm,ma[mif;eJ@ bufx&Dtdk;cGHawGrSma&&SdraeygapeJ@? tdrfteD;tem;rSm a&atmif;aewm r&Sdatmifvkyfyg? tcsKdŒaom jcifawGu a&oef@rSmaygufyGm;+yD; tcsKdŒjcifawGua&ykyfrSmom aygufyGm;ygw,f? jciftukdufrcH&atmif tusôvuf&Snf abmif;bD&Snf 0wfqifyg? jcifaxmifeJ@om tdyfyg?jcifrukdufapwJh vdrf;aq; Mosquito repellent vdrf;yg?(6)? wukd,f&nf oef@&Sif;a&; txl;*±kpkdufyg? vufukd qyfjymeJ@ r=umc%aq;a=umyg? a&}uD;/ a&v#HwJhae&mawGrSm a&qif;rcsKd;ygeJ@?a&rul;ygeJ@? a&csdK;+yD; csufcsif;ajcmufaoG@atmif vkyfyg?(7)? rd_ab;&efuae umuG,fzkd@ qHyifa&pdkwmajcmufaoG@ygap? t0wftpm;awG ajcmufaoG@wmeJ@ vJ0wfyg? cENmukd,fudkvnff;ajcmufaoG@ygap? acgif;r=umc% av#mfay;yg? qHyifa&pdkwkef;rSm acgif;r+zD;ygeJ@?(8)? pm;aomufqkdif oef@wm a&G;pm;yg/ 0,fyg? vrf;ab;aps;onfqDu tpm;tpmawGudk a&Smifyg? tpm;taomufawGudk insect

tif;qufaumifawGrvmatmif zHk;tkyfxm;yg?(9)? ADwmrif at ºuG,f0wJhtoD;tESHawG æ rkefvmOeD/ [if;EkEG,f/ uefpGef;OawG pm;ay;yg? ADwmrifpD ºuG,f0wJh toD;tESHawGjzpfwJhcsOfwJht&om&SdwJh toD;awGjzpfwJh æ oHyk&moD;/ a&SmufoD;rsm;rsm; pm;ay;yg? ylylaEG;aEG; soup pGyfðywf/ acgufqGJðywftrsKd;rsKd;aomufyg?(10)? udk,fcHtm;ravsmhatmif tdyfa&;00 tdyf/ t[m&jynhf0wJh oef@&Sif;wJhtpm;tpm tcsdefrSef yHkrSefpm;ay;yg?

wkyfauG; ‘Influenza (flu )’u tifrwef ul;pufjrefygw,f? zsm;r,f/ acsmif;qkd;r,f/ ESmacgif; yGpd/ yGpdjzpf+yD; csrf;/ vnfacsmif;em/ºuGufom;em/ acgif;udkuf/ tm;,kwf/ rtDromjzpf/ ysKdŒ-tef/0rf;ysufwwfygw,f? Common Cold tat;rdwmxuf ykdqkd;ygw,f? tylcsdefykdrsm;w,f? tm;ydk,kwfw,f? vkdtyfr,fxif&ifChlorpheniramine 4mg aq;jym; ( jrefrmjynfrSmawmh bmrDwGefBurmeton ac:wmaygh)? wcgaomuf wpfjym; 8 em&Djcm; 1 &uf» 3 }udrf aomufEkdifygw,f? tzsm;wufwm/ udk,fvufawGudkufcJwmtwGuf xkdif;EdkifiHw0Srf; tvG,fwul 0,f&EkdifwJhIbuprofen 200mg 1 jym;-1 awmifh 8 em&Djcm; 1 &uf » 3 }udrfaomufEkdifygw,f? owdcsyfapcsifwmu wDAGD/ pmapmif/ *sme,fawGrSm awG@&avh&Sd+yD; aq;a=umfjimtrsm;pkrSmygwJh tat;rd/ESm&nf,kd/ tat;ywfwm awG oufomaysmufuif;apw,fqkdwJhtvG,foHk; toihfwJGxm;+yD; aq;wGJ Combined Fixed Dose

awG tvG,fraomufzkd@yg? tckeu ajymwJh Chlorpheniramine

eJ@ tukduftcJaysmufapwJh aq;tr,fwpfrsKd; (trsm;tm;jzifh tm;vkH;od=uwJh yg&mpDwarmvf Paracetamol )ygwJhtjyifzD;vfEkdif;vfyvkdyifaemvrif; Phenylpropanolamine ( PPA )qkdwmyg avh&Sdygw,f? 'D PPA [m pdwfºuGapaomaq;rsm;wGif yg0if+yD;ESm&nf,kd/ ESmydwfapjcif;udk tvsiftjref &yfwef@apjcif;a=umifh acsmif;qkd;/ ESmap; tat;rd aysmufaq;rsm;wGif t"duxm;xnfhoGif;toHk;ðy=uygw,f? PPA onf ESm&nf,dk ESmacgif;ydwfjcif;udk oufomapaomfvnf; qkd;usKd;taejzifh OD;aESmufwGif aoG;,dkpD;Iavjzwfapjcif;/ pdwfua,mifacsmufjcm;jzpfjcif; /tdyfraysmf/ a'goxGuf/ pdwfqkd;vG,fjcif;/ ,m,D pdwftajymif;tvJjrefqefjcif;wkd@ukdjzpfapEkdifygw,f? txl;ojzifh 12 ESpfatmuf uav;i,frsm;tm; vHk;0rwkdufau|;oihfyg? xkd@tjyif PPA aomufoHk;ojzifh 18 rS49 ESpftwGif; trsKd;orD;rsm; avjzwfE_ef; odompGm jrifhwufapa=umif;ESifh trsKd;om;rsm;/ uav;i,frsm;wGifvnf; xkdodk@jzpfapEkdifjcif;a=umifh PPA yg0ifaom tat;rd/ zsm;emaysmufaq;rsm; a&Smif&Sm;0,f,loifhygw,f?wkyfauG;rd&if aea&mifjcnfu txl;oifhawmfygw,f? ydk;udk aoapEdkifygw,f? vufaq;/ udk,fvufokwfoifwm r=umc%vkyfoihf+yD;wkyfauG;rdxm;ol a&rsm;rsm;/ t&nfrsm;rsm; aomuf&ygw,f? t&ufav#mh/ a&Smif / aq;vdyf av#mh/ a&Smifyg?

Common cold tat;rdw,fqkdwm trsKd;rsKd;aom Akdif;&yfpfawGa=umifhjzpfygw,f? touf 6 ESpfatmuf uav; wa,muf[mwESpfwnf;rSmwif 6 }udrfuae 8 }udrfxd tat;rdwwfygw,f? wcgtat;rd&if 2 ywfavmuf =umEdkifw,f? pdk;&drfp&mawmh r&SdvSyg?



jzpfcgp 2 &ufuae 4 &uftwGif;rSm olrsm;udk tvGef ul;pufvG,fw,f? tat;rdaeolwa,muf&JŒ vufrSmvnf; Akdif;&yfpfykd;u&Sdae&if 2 em&DtwGif; olrsm;qD ul;oGm;Edkifygw,f? vl@cENmudk,frSm omru oufrJhrsufESmjyifawGay:rSmvnf; ykd;u &SdaeEkdifygw,f?acsmif;qkd; ESmacs&muae xGufvmwJh ydk;ygaewJh tr_eftr$m; droplets awGudk ±ªrd&if ul;awmhwmygbJ? ykd;0if+yD; 1 &uf - 2 &uftwGif; a&m*gvuQ%mawG pwifay:ygw,f? uav;awGrSmjzpf&if Nasal congestion ESmacgif; yGpdyGpdjzpfwm trsm;qHk;yg?cyf=unf=unf/ cyf0g0g / cyfpdrf;pdrf;ESm&nfawG ,dkvmr,f? pjzpfwJh oHk;&ufrSm tylcsdef 38 'D*&D zm&if[kduftxd zsm;Edkifw,f? vnfyif;em/acsmif;qkd;/ aerxd xkdifromjzpf/ tdyfa&;ysuf tpm;ysufwmawG jzpfvmEkdifygw,f? uav;trsm;pk[m aemufqufwGJa&m*gcomplication rjzpf=uyg? 'gayr,fh em;udkufwm/ erkd;eD;,m;0ifwm/ &if=uyfyef;emvkdjzpfwmawGukdawmh owdxm;&yghr,f?tat;rdoufomapwJh aq;trsKd;rsKdK;oHk;=uwm&Sdayr,fh q&m0efawGuawmh r!̧efyg? touf 6 vtxuf uav;awGudk Ibuprofen/

Nemasulide eJ@ Acetaminophen ay;Ekdifygw,f?udk,fylwmuszkd@eJ@ tae&oufomapzkd@yg? 'Daq;rsKd;awG[m symptomatic treatment vuQ%moufomapwJh aq;rsKd;awGom

jzpfygw,f? a&m*gjzpfapwJh Akdif;&yfpfudkawmh aoapwmr[kwfyg?tat;rdwmoufouftwGuf ydk;aoaq;-yÃdZD0aq;awGrvkdyg? Ear Infection em;udkufwm/ Pneumonia erdk;eD;,m;/Sinusitis qkdifEsLqkdufwpf wkd@vkd bufwD;&D;,m;0ifwm wckckjzpf&ifawmh yÉdZD0aq; vkdygvdrfhr,f? rvkdbJ oHk;&if aq;,Ofwm/aq;rwnfhwmjzpfEdkifovkd aq;&JŒ ab;xGufqkd;usKd;awG cH&Ekdifygw,f? owday;vkdwmu rdrdoabmeJ@ 'grSr[kwf u|rf;usifem;vnfolr[kwfwJh wjcm;wa,muf!GefwmeJ@ a&m*gydk;aoapwJhaq;-yÉdZD0aq; antibiotic awG tvG,fraomuf=uzkd@yg?vltrsm;u xpfceJqkd Amoxycillin aq;awmihf/ Ampicillin

aq;awmifh/ ig;odef;tm; Penicillin aq;jym;/ Chloramphenicol

aq;awmihfawG tvG,faomufavh &Sd=uygw,f? Akdif;&yfpf a=umifhjzpfwmawGudk yHkrSeftm;jzifh azmfjyygaq;awG aomufzkd@rvkdtyfyg?aomufvkd@vnf; raysmufEkdifyg? em;vnfu|rf;usifol/ q&m0efawG'Daq;awGay;w,fqkdwmu aemufqufwGJ jzpfvmwJha&m*gawG

Ô Ô Ô

udkom &nf&G,f+yD; jzpfaewJha&m*gykd;eJ@ oifhawmfwJh yÉDZD0 ydk; aoapwJhaq;udk ay;jcif;jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh rdrdoabmeJ@raomufoifhovkd ru|rf;usifolawG/ aq;qkdifawGu vufv$wf py,f ay;wm/ a&mif;wmawGukdvnf; vHk;0 a&Smif=uOfoifhyg w,f?wcsKdŒaomaq;qkdifrsm;u tJ'DvkdrsKd;aq;awG rvkdtyfbJ 2 rsKd;/ 3 rsKd;txdwGJay;aewm a&mif;wmawG@ae&vk@d tvGeftEœ&m,frsm;vSygw,f?

txufrSmwifjycJhovkd vkdufemaqmif&Guf=u+yD; uav;qkd&if a&/ t&nfrsm;rsm; aomufygap? wukd,f&nf oef@&Sif;a&;simple hygienic measures vkyfwm taumif;qHk; jzpfygw,f? vufudk a&/ qyfjymwkd@eJ@ pepfwus r=umr=um aq; a=umzkd@vkdtyf+yD;tcktcgrSm a&/ qyfjym tvG,fr&EkdifwJh ae&mawGrSmoHk;zkd@ vufoef@pif aq;&nf Hand Sanitizing Gel vkd t&mrsKd;awGay:aeovkd

t&ufysH Methylated Spirit eJ@vnf; vufESpfzufukd yGwfwkdufoef@pifEkdifygw,f? tcsKyfajym&&if tckvkd rkd;&moDrSm usef;rma&;tod/ usef;rma&;owdwkd@eJ@ aexkdif=u+yD; jy\emwpHkw&may:aygufvmcJh&ifvnf; em;vnfu|rf;usifolawGeJ@ jyowkdifyifpepfuspGm ukor_ cH,loihfa=umif;yg?

a'gufwm xifaZmf



Friends Myanmar.ning.com/ rS ul;,lazmfjyygonf/

www.fusarshinlay.net rS ul;,lazmfjyygonf?Internet rS ul;,lazmfjyygonf?



http://drlunswe.blogspot.com/ rS ul;,lazmfjyygonf/ Internet rS ul;,lazmfjyygonf?

Internet rS ul;,lazmfjyygonf?



q,fausmfoufb0rSm yxrqHk;pwif&ifqdkif&wJhtcuftcJuawmh vlysKdazmf tysKdazmf0ifcsdef cE<mudk,frSmajymif;vJr_awG pwifjzpfay:vmwmyJjzpfygw,f? vdift*F grsm;zG H@òzd;vmjcif;/ tarG;trSifrsm; aygrsm;vmjcif;/ cE<mudk,ft&G,ftpm;ajymif;vJr_eJ@ toHajymif;vJvmjcif;rsm;/ rdef;uav;rsm;rSm &moDaoG; pwifay:vmjcif;rsm;wdk@ jzpf=uygw,f?vlwdkif;ñuHawG@&wJht&mawGqdkayr,fh vlysKdtysKdazmf0ifcsdeft&G,fawGtwGufawmh xdwfvef@p&mawGjzpfaewwfw,f?'DvdktcsdefawG/ taetxm;awG[m vlwdkif;rvGJraoG ñuHawG@&wJhtcuftcJawGqdkwmudk em;vnfvmatmif aqG;aEG;ay;&r,f/tm;ay;ulnD&r,f? 0ufjcHxGufwm cE<mudk,f teH@toufxGufwmawG[m q,fausmfoufawGtwGufawmh &ifqdkif&wJhtqdk;qHk;tcuftcJwckjzpfygw,f? cE<mudk,f teH@toufxGufvmwmawmh txl;ojzifh a,musmf;av;awGrSm yd kjzpfwwf+yD; 0ufjcHuawmh rdef;uav;a&m a,musfm; av;a&mcHpm;&wwfygw,f? t&G,fa&mufcsdefrSm tif'±dk*sif a[mfrkef;a=umifh jzpfavhjzpfx&SdwJh oabmw&m;awGudk em;vnfatmifr&Sif;jyxm;bl;/ tultnDray;bl;qdk&if tm;i,fpdwfawG/&Suf&G HŒr_awG cHpm;&wma=umifh vlawmxJ rwdk;&Jatmif

,ae@vli,f aemif0,fvl}uD;qdkovdkyJ vli,fqdkwm aemiftem*gwf&JŒ wdkif;jynfacgif;aqmifawG jzpf=uygw,f? vli,fb0qdkwm wufºuGr_awG/ aysmf&$ifr_awG/ tiftm;awGeJ@ jynfhpHkaewJhtajctaewckyg? 'Dvdk jynfhpHkaysmf&$ifzdk@aumif;ovdkyJ q,fausmfoufvli,fqdkwm tcuftcJawGeJ@ &ifqdkifñuHawG@&qHk; touft&G,fwckvnf;jzpfygw,f? touf}uD;rS jyefpOf;pm;=unfh&ifbmrSta&;rygwJht&mawGvdk@ xif&ayr,fhvnf; q,fausmfoufb0rSm ñuHawG@&wJhtcuftcJawG[m ol@touftydkif;jcm;rSm awmhwu,fudkcufcJ+yD; ajz&Sif;&cufwJh jy\emrsKd;awG/ 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ&wJh tcuftcJawGjzpfaewwfwJhtwGuf tav;xm;p&mrvdkwJhjy\emawGawmh r[kwfygbl;?

jzpfwwfygw,f?vli,fawG[m pl;prf;csifw,f/ avhvmcsifw,f? rjrif

zl;&if =unfhcsifw,f/ rvkyfzl;&if prf;=unfhcsifw,f? 'Dpdwf"gwf[m

atmifjrifr_awGtwGuf wufvrf;awGtwGuf ta&;}uD;wJhpdwf"gwfqdkayr,fhvnf; pl;prf;wwfwJh 'Dpdwf"gwfuyJ rl;,pfom;aumifawGtjzpf a&muf&SdoGm;apEdkifw,f? vli,fawG[mudk,fhudkudk,f pdwf"gwfcdkifrmwJholvdk@ xif=uwJhtwGuf 'Davmufav;eJ@awmh rpGJwwfygbl;? ighpdwf igEdkifygw,fqdkwJh tawG;awGeJ@yJrl;,pfaq;&JŒaus;u|efawG jzpfoGm; wwfwma=umifh 'Dt&mawGudkawmh rpcifuwnf;u a0a0; a&SmifusOfoifh ygw,f?

q,fausmfouft&G,f a&mufvmwJhtcgrSm qef@usif

(2)? rl;,pfapwwfaom t&mrsm;(1)? cE<mudk,fajymif;vJr_rsm;



bufvdifawGudk pdwf0ifpm;r_jzpfay:vmw,f? 'DtcgrSm vdifr_udpPawGtwGuf vufawG@prf;oyfcsifwJhpdwfawG jzpfvmw,f?'gayr,fh jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmh vdifr_udpPynmay;wmrsKd; enf;yg;wJhtwGufa=umifh rjzpfoifhwJhjy\emawG jzpfay:apw,f?vli,fb0rSm vdifr_udpPawG odcsifvmwm[m &Sufp&mtavhtxwcktjzpf rrSwf,lxm;zdk@ ta&;}uD;w,f? vli,fawGtaeeJ@ rdrdodcsifwmawG ar;jref;csifwmawGudk rdbrsm;/q&mrsm;eJ@ yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ar;jref;wdkifyifyg? wc%wmaysmfyg;r_twGuf aemifwr&aeatmif tca=u;aiGeJ@ aysmfyg;wmawGudk twwfEdkifqHk; a&SmifusOfyg? wudk,fa&tmomajzjcif;eJ@ udk,f0efwm;enf;rsm;ta=umif;udk em;vnfvmatmifvkyfyg? wudk,fa& tmomajzjcif;[m vli,frsm;&JŒ vdifr_pdwfwif;tm;udkavsmhyg;apwJh ab;tEœ&m,ftuif;qHk; enf;vrf;jzpfw,fqdkwmudk em;vnfyg? wukd,fa&tmomajzjcif;eJ@ywfouf+yD; usef;rma&; xdckdufw,f/ vdifpdwf jyif;xefw,f/cE<mudk,f rzGH@òzd;apbl; tp&SdwJh vGJrSm;wJh t,ltqawGudkvspfvsL±_yg?

opf&GufaºuGwmawmif &,fcsifw,fqdkwJht&G,f[mq,fausmfouft&G,f jzpfygw,f? pdwfcHpm;r_tajymif;tvJrsm;+yD; vl}uD;awGudk tefwkcsifwJhpdwfawGjzpfaew,f/pdwfwdkvG,fw,f/ 0rf;enf;vG,fw,f/ pdwf"gwfusw,f?udk,fwa,mufwnf; jzpfaew,fvdk@awmh rxifygeJ@? cE<m udk,f&JŒa[mfrkef;tajymif;tvJa=umifh q,fausmfouf t&G,frSmvlwdkif;ñuHawG@ae&wJh tajctaewckyg? tvGeftu|HŒ rjzpfatmifyJ xdef;csKyfyg? vHk;0rjzpfatmif udk,fhudkudk,f ckcHraeygeJ@?twk,lp&myk*~dKvfwa,mufudk pHtjzpfxm;yg? vl}uD;rsm;eJ@em;vnfr_,lEd kifatmif vkyfyg? vufoihfcHavmufEd kifwJ htajctaeawGudk vufcH+yD; udk,fhtcuftcJawG &Sif;jyyg?

'DrSmazmfjyxm;wJh jy\emawG[m awG@&trsm;qHk;jy\emawGjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fhvnf; q,fausmfoufawGrSmtjcm;jy\emrsm;pGmvnf; &SdaeEdkifao;w,f? wckodxm; &rSmub,fvdktcuftcJ jy\emrsK d;yJjzpfjzpf ajz&Sif;vdk @r&wJht&mqdkwm r&S dbl;qd kwmudkem;vnfxm;+yD; 'gawG[mvlwdkif;ñuHawG@&wJh tcuftcJqdkwmudk q,fausmfoufrsm;vufoifh cHxm;&ygvdrfhr,f?

(3)? vdifr_udpP

(4)? pdwfcHpm;csufrsm;

Ô Ô Ô

(1) pmzwf0goem&Sdygap?(2) tqihftwef;&Sdygap?(3) b0xJutvSawGudk &SmazGwwfygap?(4) tawG;tac:aumif;olawGeJ@ rdwfaqGzJG@wwfygap?(5) tESpfom&r&SdwJh ±kyf&Sifum;awGudk a0;a0;a&SmifEdkifygap?(6) onf;cHcGihfv$wfwwfzdk@ oif,lEdkifygap?(7) usef;rmwJhpdwfESvHk; arG;jrLEdkifygap?(8) vSywihfw,fjcif;u oifh&JŒ&if;ESD;jr‡yfESHr_jzpfygap?(9) b,fa,mufsm;udkrS tm;rudk;wJh udk,hfudk,fudk &SifoefEdkifol jzpfygap?(10) aiGa&;a=u;a&; pDrHcef@cJGwwfatmif oif,lEdkifygap?(11) tcspfeJ@ tdrfaxmifa&; twlwuGyl;wJGaeygap?(12) a,mufsm;awGeJ@ wef;wlnDr# &ifabmifwef;Edkifygap?(13) oihfpdwful;tdyfrufudk ulnDtaumiftxnfazmfay;r,hfa,mufsm;udk &Sm,lEdkifygap?(14) EkysKdjcif;udk pGef@v$wf&onhfwdkif tðyH;udk csdwfqJGxm;Edkifygap?

(Ekdif;Ekdif; pae) vif;vuf=u,fav;rsm;

rdef;uav;awGtwGuf tMuHOmPf (14)csuf



uav;awG tm[m&twGuf tzGJ@tpnf;wcku vSL'gef;wJh Edk@bl;awGxnfhwJhtcGHawGudk tmumovGef;ysH,mOfykHpHav;csKd;ay;vdkufwJhtcg uav;awG aysmf=uygw,f? uav;awGudk,fwdkif vdkuf+yD;vkyfEdkifwmr[kwfayr,fh vkyfaewmudk pdwf0ifwpm;=unfhwm&,f vkyfay;vdkufwJh t¶kyfuav;udk tjrwfwEdk;eJ@ ayG@ydkuf+yD; "mwfykHt¶dkufcHwm&,fu =unfEl;p&myg? 'gu tywfpOfpaeae@wdkif; SAW tzGJ@tpnf;&JŒ taqmiftoD;oD;rSm&SdwJh uav;awG&JŒ pdwfydkif;/ ¶kyfydkif;eJ@ vufr_tEkynmu|rf;usifzdk@ vkyfaqmifay;aewJh Pure Future tpDtpOf&JŒ vkyfief;cGifxJu wpdwfwydkif;jzpfygw,f?

uav;awGyg0ifvdk@&r,fh puULvufr_vkyfief;pOfav;awG vkyfaqmift+yD;rSm tqifoifh ausmif;uaeo,fvmwJhEdk@bl;tcGHawGudk vGef;ysH,mOfjzpfatmif csKd;jyygw,f? tpyxrawmh uav;awGu bmvkyfaerSef;rod=uygbl;? rdepf 20 avmuf&SdawmhrSwpcsif; wpcsif; ¶kyfvkH;ay:vmygw,f? tJ'DawmhrS wckpDudk quf+yD; tckaemufqkH;jrifawG@&wJhtwdkif; vGef;ysH,mOfuav;jzpfvmygw,f?,mOfuav;&JŒ trnfudkvnf; How to Challenge for High (HCH)qdk+yD; ay;vdkufygw,f/ aemuf+yD;awmh yg0ifwJh uav;awGudkvnf;trnfawG awmifyHwzufrSm wyfay;vdkufygw,f? uav;awG awmfawmf0rf;omoGm;ygw,f?

'Dae@acwfrSm uav;awGtwGuf upm;p&mt¶kyfawGu trsKd;trnf ra&rwGufEdkifatmifyJ rsm;jym;vSygw,f?wcsKdŒt¶kyfawGqdk&if uav;awGtwGufawmifr[kwfbJ vl}uD;awGyg yg0ifupm;EdkifwJhtxd t¶kyfxkwfvkyfolawGu aps;uGufudkcsJŒxGifvmaeygw,f? tJ'Dt¶kyfawGu uav;wdkif;awmh upm;EdkifrSmr[kwfygbl;? aps;E_ef;awGu tajccHvlwef;pm;uav;awGtwGufodyfudk jrifhrm;vGef;aeygw,f? wcsKdŒt¶kyfawGqdk&if uav;awG upm;zdk@oifhawmfayr,fh a&$Œajymif;rdom;pku aygufzGm;vmwJhuav;awGtwGuf rdbawG 0,fay;Edkifr,fh tajctaeuae tvSrf;a0;vGef;ygw,f? Remote Control eJ@ vkyfwJh av,mOfrsKd;awGudktygt0ifyg? tJ'Dvdk t¶kyfuav;wdkif; uav;awGqDa&mufrSmr[kwfbl;vdk@ odwJhtodu ywf0ef;usifrSm&SdwJh ypPnf;awGeJ@uav;awGtwGuf ynmvnf;& A[kokwvnf;& aysmf&$ifzG,fvnf;aumif;wJh enf;vrf;awG b,fvdkvkyf&rvJqdkwmudk Pure Future

tpDtpOfuae t+rJwrf; pOf;pm;aeavh&Sdygw,f? usaemfeJ@twl 0goemygvdk@ apwemeJ@ oif=um;ay;aewJh q&mOD;0ÀaZmfvnf;usaemfhvdkyJ t+rJpOf;pm;aeavh&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dvdk pOf;pm;&muae tckvdk t¶kyfuav;awG xGufay:vmjcif;yJjzpfygw,f?

uav;qdkwm

csKdjrvwfqwfwJh pdwful;awGeJY

aexdkifcsifw,f

&Jacgif ausmfpGm

ckeu t¶ky fuav;jzp fz d k @twGufausmif;rSm oif=um;cJhwJh ocsFmbmom&yfxJuGeometry bmom&yfudk jyef+yD;tokH;cs&r,f/twdkif;txGmawG od&r,f/ 'D*&DawGod&r,f?pwJh ocsFmeJ@ywfoufwJh tokH;csr_udk ausmif;uocsFmq&m OD;xdef0if;u oif=um;ay;+yD; t¶kyfuav;twGuf uwfxlpuULay:rSm ykHpHawG a&;qGJ=uygw,f? +yD;&ifawmh 'g;awG uyfa=u;awGaywHawGokH;+yD; jzwfwmawG qufwmawGvkyfygw,f? aemufqkH;awmh uav;awGvufxJrSm t¶kyfuav;a&mufoGm;ygw,f? tpyxrawmh t¶kyfuav;u ysHvnf; rysHEdkifbl;/pufvnf; rygbl;vdk@ awG;aumif;awG;Edkifayr,fh

Photo - THMM

Photo - THMM



puULeJ@vkyfxm;+yD; pufr_twwfynmawG&JŒ tajccH vufr_twwfynmudk vufawG@vkyfaqmifoif=um;&wmudk &Sif;vif;ajymjyvdkuf&ifyJ aemufxyf t¶kyfwckudk udk,fwdkifzefwD;csifpdwf olwdk@qDrSmjzpfvmygw,f?

uav;awGrSm wDxGifzefwD;csifpdwf udk,fwdkif vufawG@vkyfudkifvdkwJh pdwfawG tjynfht0&Sdaeygw,f? tJ'Dvdk&SdaeavmufatmifyJ i,f&G,fwJh tyltyifuif;wJh b0uwqifh pdwful;opftdyfrufopfawGudkvnf; t+rJarG;xkwfay;aeygw,f? uav;awGtem;rSmvnf; wDxGifzefwD;vdkpdwfeJ@ wufºuGjzwfvwfpGm aexdkifwwfwJh q&m§q&mrawG tajrmuftjrm;&Sdzdk@vnf; vdktyfygw,f?uav;awG ar;jref;wJhtcg pdwf&Snf&SnfeJ@ ajz=um;ay;zdk@ uav;awGeJ@twl wDxGifzefwD;r_vkyfief;pOfawGrSm OD;aqmifyg0ifay;Edkifzdk@qdk&mrSmq&m§q&mrawG tcef;u¾u odyfudk ta&;ygvGef;ygw,f?aemuf+yD;awmh &SdwJh ypPnf;ypP,awGu wqifh uav;awGtwGuft¶kyfuav;awG olwdk@ tokH;taqmifuav;awG zefwD;ay;Edkifzdk@vnf; odyfudk ta&;}uD;ygw,f? tJ'gqdk&if obm0ywf0ef;usifudkxdef;odrf;&mvnf;a&muf uav;awGtwGufvnf; tusKd;&SdapEdkifygw,f? r&Edkifbl; rjzpfEdkifbl;vdk@ nnf;wGm;ae&ifawmh bmrSjzpfvmrSmr[kwfygbl;?

aemufwcku uav;qdkwmu olrsm; pm;&if pm;csifw,f/olrsm; upm;ovdk upm;csifw,f/ olrsm; 0wfovdk 0wfcsifygw,f?

tJ'DrSm vl}uD;vkyfolu pOf;pm;csifhcsdef+yD; pDrHcef@cGJay;Edkif&ifawmh aumif;ygw,f/ tJvdkrSr[kwfbJ uav;qdk+yD; tvdkvdkufypfvdkufwmrsKd;&,f/ olrsm;vdk vdkufrvkyfay;Edkifvdk@ udk,fhuav;udk zdEdSyfcsKyfjc,fvdkufwmrsKd;&,fuawmh tifrwef qdk;0g;wJh &v'fawGudkzdwfac:vdkufwmyJjzpfygw,f? uav;b0[m tifrwefrS vSyygw,f/ uav;b0[m tifrwefrS tjypfuif;ygw,f? uav;t&G,feJ@rwdkifwJh vkyfief;cGifawGrSm cdkif;apwm/ uav;awGtwGuf roifhawmfwJh jrifuGif;awG zefwD;wm/ uav;awG r=um;oifhwJh tðytrltajymtqdktaetxdkifawGeJ@ ðyrlajymqdkaexdkifwmawG[m tqdyftawmufawGyg?

'ga=umifh uav;&SdwJh 0ef;usifwdkif;rSm uav;awGtwGuf vSywJh &yf0ef;udk twwfEdkifqkH; zefwD;ay;zdk@ vdkygw,f? Oyrm ætaumif;qkH;ajym&&if uav;pmayawG uav;¶kyf&SifawGeJ@ &if;ESD;xdawG@ay;wmrsKd;yg? tJ'DvdkrS ckeuajymwJh wDxGifzefwD;csifpdwfpl;prf;vdkwJhpdwfeJ@ rSefuefwJh &JpGrf;owWdawGay:vmrSmyg? pwda*smhAf [m uav;b0uvmwmyg? 'Dae@acwf vlwdkif;yg;pyfzsm;rSm

a&yef;pm;aewJh yef;oD;xkwfukefawG[m ol@&JŒuav;b0uwnf;u tJ'DwDxGifzefwD;pdwfa=umifh a=umf=um;vm&jcif;yJjzpfygw,f? udk,fhem;rSm&SdwJhuav;awGtm;vkH;eD;yg; xl;c|efolawG jzpfvmEdkifygw,f? tJ'Dxl;c|efolawGjzpfvmzdk @vnf;rdbawGeJ@ q&mawGrSm wm0efawG trsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f? uav;awG&JŒ csKdjrvwfqwfwJh pdwful;pdwfoef;awGudk ulnDtaumiftxnf azmfay;jcif;uomyJurBmajr}uD;udk +idrf;csrf;atmifpGrf;aqmifEdkifygvdrfhr,f?

&Jacgif ausmfpGm

Photo - THMM

Photo - THMM



jrefrmEdkifiHvlOD;a&&JŒ 60 &mcdkifE_ef;aom jynfolawG[mqif;&JEGrf;yg;olawGjzpf=uygw,f? tqdkygqif;&JEGrf;yg;wJholawG[ma&m*gjzpf+yDqdk&if aevdk@rjzpfvGef;wJh qdk;qdk;&Gm;&Gm;tajctaeawGuvGJvdk@ aq;±Hkaq;cef;oGm;zdk@ tawmfav;udk 0efav;wwf=uygw,f? wae@vkyfrS wae@pm;&wJhb0awGrSm aq;cef;oGm;+yD; q&m0efudkay;&wJhaq;zdk;udk qeftdk;xJu qefzdk;jzpfapcsifwm tjypfwifp&m r&SdvSygbl;? tJ'Dvdkqdkawmholwdk@awG&JŒb0twGuf t"duu,fwif&Sif[m uGrf;,m

“'l;emcg;em”tp&SdwJh aq;xkyfawGvnf; trsKd;rsK d;&S daeygao;w,f? ol[m acgif;udkufvdk@ qdkwJhvlvm&if “acgif;udkuf”vdk@a&;xm;wJhaq;xkyfudk vSrf;ay;vdkufygw,f? 'DvdkyJ acgif;rl;0rf;ysuf0rf;av#m 'l;emcg;em vlawGqdk&ifvnf; toifhxkyf+yD;om; aq;xkyfav;awGudk wpfxkyf200 eJ@ a&mif;vdkuf±HkygyJ?a&mif;oltwGufvnf; tusKd;tjrwf&ovdk vlemawGbufuvnf; ckavmavmq,fjzpfaewJh a0'emoufomoGm;wJhtwGuf ESpfOD;ESpfzuf auseyfaeygw,f? 'gayr,fhvnf;'Daq;0g;awGu b,fvdkqdk;usKd;awG jzpfvmEdkifvJqdkwmudkawmhaq;a&mif;ola&m vlemygrod=uovdk odzdk@vnf;róud;pm;=uygbl;?

wwfu|rf;em;vnfwJh aq;ynm&Sifwa,muf[ma&m*gwckudk uko&mrSm aq;0g;trsKd;t;pm;ESpfrsKd;udk oHk;pGJavh&Sdygw,f? yxrwrsKd;uawmh a&m*gudk aysmufuif;apzdk@jzpf+yD;

qk di fawG/ aq;qd ki fawGqDupyfay;vdkufwJh pyfaq;awG jzpfvmygawmhw,f? 'Dpyfaq;awG[m qif;&JEGrf;yg;wJholawG&JŒusef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_twGuf wu,fhtm;udk;&m trSefa&m[kwf&JŒvm;? pyfaq;awG[m aumif;usKd;enf;+yD; vlxk&JŒusef;rma&;tajctaeudk tqdk;bufuom ±dkufcwfygw,fvdk@aq;avmuynm&SifawG tukefvHk;u wnDw!Gwfwnf; vufcHxm;=uygw,f? 'gayr,fhvnf;csKdŒwJhwJhjynfoltaeeJ@ uawmhrsufpdwqHk;xuf rsufawmifwqHk;udkom =unfhaeEdkifygao;w,f? tJ'DtwGuf aemufrSa&m*gjzpfumrSjzpfapawmh tckavmavmq,fawmh aps;ayg+yD;jrefjrefoufomapwJh pyfaq;awGudkyJ tm;udk;ae&&Smygw,f?wu,fwrf;awmh EGrf;yg;csKdŒwJholawGrsm;wJh jrefrmEdkifiHrSmusef;rma&;eJ@ywfouf&ifvnf; ajz&Sif;&cufwJh tajz&SmrawG@wJhykp>mawGtrsm;tjym;&Sdaeao;+yD; 'Dpyfaq;jy\em[mvnf;tJ'Dtajz&Smr&ao;wJh ykp>mawGxJurS wyk'ftjzpf&Sdaeygw,f?

“tefwD araru acsmif;qdk;aevdk@ 200 wef aq;wcGufavmuf pyfay;vdkufygwJh” uav;rav;&JŒ pum;tqHk;rSmawmhaq;a&mif;aeolu ab;rSmtqifoifhxkyfxm;wJh aq;a&mifpHkxnfhxm;wJhtxkyfxJurS “acsmif;qdk;”vdk@ a&;xm;wJh yvyfpwpftdwfav;ud k vSrf;ay;vd kufygw,f? aq;a&mif;wJ hol&JŒab;em;rSmawmh tJ'D “acsmif;qdk;”vdk@ a&;xm;wJh aq;xkyfawGtjyif “acgif;rl;”/ “acgif;udkuf”/ “0rf;ysuf0rf;av#m”/

aemufwrsKd;uawmh a0'emudkoufomapzdk@jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdkajymvdk@ em;±_yfoGm;Edkifygw,f?a&m*geJ@a0'emqdkwm rwlbl;vm;vdk@ ar;Edkifygw,f? 'DESpfrsKd;[m wlw,fxif&ayr,fh rwlygbl;? a&m*gqdkwm[m rlvta=umif;cHyg? a0'emqdkwmuawmh 'Drlvta=umif;&if;jzpfwJha&m*ga=umifh vlemcHpm;&wmawGyg? Oyrmajym&&iftltwufaygufwJ h vlemwa,mufr Sm vlemcHpm;&wJ hA d kufatmif h jcif;[m a0'emjzpfygw,f? wu,fwrf;uawmh

'DAdkufatmifh&wm[m tltwufaygufaewma=umifhjzpfwJhtwGuf tltwufaygufjcif;[m 'DAdkufatmifh&wJh ta=umif;&if;cHa&m*gjzpfygw,f? 'Dvdkoabmw&m;udk em;rvnfbJpyfaq;pyfwJhtcgrSm 'Dpyfaq;awG[m a&m*gta=umif;&if;cHudkraysmufuif;apbJ a&m*ga=umifhjzpfwJh a0'emudkom oufomapygw,f? ckeu OyrmudkyJjyefay;&&ifawmh pyfaq;awG[mAdkufatmifhwmudk oufom oGm;apEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fhwu,fhta=umif;&if;cHjzpfwJh tltwufaygufjcif;udk raysmufuif;apEdkifwJhtwGuf vlemtwGuf ydkqdk;zdk@yJ&Sdygw,f? tay:,H=unfhvdkuf&ifawmh a0'emoufomoGm;vdk@ vlemcHomw,fqdkayr,fh aq;aomuf+yD; oufomoGm;wJhtcgrSm wu,fha&m*gudk vGwfoGm;wJhtwGufa=umifh ydkvdk@awmif tEœ&m,f&Sdvmygao;w,f? pyfaq;&JŒtEœ&m,f[m tJvdkrsKd;a&m*gudkvGwfoGm;±Hkav;yJ awmhr[kwfygbl;? pyfaq;awGaomuf+yD;

aq;a&mif;wJhol&JU ab;em;rSmawmh tJ'D

]acsmif;qdk;} vdkU a&;xm;wJh aq;xkyfawGtjyif

]acgif;rl;}? ]acgif;udkuf}? ]0rf;ysuf0rf;avSsm}?

]'l;emcg;em}tp&SdwJh aq;xkyfawGvnf;

trsKd;rsKd; &Sdaeygao;w,f/ ol[m acgif;udkufvdkY

qdkwJhvlvm&if ]acgif;udkuf}vdkY a&;xm;wJh

aq;xkyfudk vSrf;ay;vdkufygw,f? 'DvdkyJ acgif;rl;

0rf;ysuf0rf;avSsm 'l;emcg;em vlawGqdk&ifvnf;

toifhxkyf NyD;om; aq;xkyfav;awGudk

wpfxkyf200 eJY a&mif;vdkuf½HkygyJ/



t±dk;yGvmwm/ tpmtdrf aoG;a=umaygufwm/ ausmufuyfysufqD;wm/ &Sd&if;pGJ a&m*gawG ydkqkd;vmwm/ a&m*gydk; aq;,Ofyg;wm tp&SdwmawG jzpfvmwwfygw,f? usaemfawG@zl;wJhvlemwa,muf[m arm+yD; usyfaevdk@ pyfaq;qdkifrSm aq;pyfaomufygw,f? tJ'DtcgrSm aq;qdkifu Salbutamol eJ@Aminophylline vdkrsKd; ESvHk;ckefwm jrefapwJh &ifusyfaysmufaq;awG pyfay;vdkufygw,f? wu,fwrf;awmh vlemarmaewm[m &ifusyf (Asthma)jzpfaewmr[kwfbJ ESvH k;tarmazmuf (Heart failure)jzpfaewmjzpfwJhtwGuf pyfaq;qdkifuay;vdkufwJh aq;aomuft+yD;rSm zkwfv_dufzkwfv_dufjzpf+yD; aq;±Hka&mufvm&ygw,f? pyfaq;'%f trsm;qHk;cH&wJholawG[m qD;csKd/ aoG;wdk;/ &ifusyf/ tqpftjrpfudkufa&m*ga0'em&SifawGrsm;ygw,f? tjrpfjywf raysmufEdkifwJha&m*gawGqd kawmhvnf; aps;aygwJ h pyfaq;qdkifawGudkyJ

ay;vdkufwJh pyfaq;xufawmh vlemtwGuf ydktusKd;&SdEdkifygw,f?tenf;qHk;awmh vlemtwGuf tusKd;r&S dbl;qdk&ifawmiftusKd;awmh ydkr,kwfoGm;Edkifygbl;?

'Dpyfaq;jy\em[m vG,fra,mifeJ@ cufwJhjy\emwckjzpfygw,f? jrefrmEdkifiH&JŒ usef;rma&;tajctaeudk t}uD;rm;qHk; ±dkufcwfaewJh wu,fhta=umif;}uD;ygyJ? tdrfeD;csif;ta&SŒawmiftm&SEdkifiHawGrSmawmif owfrSwfxm;wJh ab;Oyk'fenf;apwJh aq;0g;rsm;rSty tjcm;rnfonfh aq;0g;udkrS q&m0eft!̧ef;axmufcHcsufrygbJ 0,f,lcGifhr&Sdygbl;? Oya't&vnf;wif;wif;usyfusyf uef@owfxm;+yD; ta&;,lr_awGðyaeygw,f?aq;ynmOya'avsmh&JvGef;wJh jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmh tjcm;aq;awGrqdkxm;eJ@ rl;,pfEG,f0ifjzpfwJh Tramadol vdk aq;rsKd;udkawmif aq;qdkifawG/ uGrf;,mqdkifawGrSm tvG,fwul0,f,l&&SdEdkifaeygw,f? aq;0g;awGudk xdef;csKyfwJhOya'awG

t"dutm;udk; ae&ygw,f?EGrf;yg;csKdŒwJhvGef;vdk@ pyf

aq;udk tm;udk;ae&wJholawG&Sdovdk A[kokwenf;vGef;wJhtwGufvnf; pyfaq;udk tm;udk;ae=uwJh olawGvnf;&Sdygw,f? pyfaq;pyfwJhvludk q&m0efvd k aq;ynm&Sifxuf yd ktm;ud k;aewJholawG jrefrmEdkifiHrSm trsm;tjym;&Sdygao;w,f? txl;ojzihf e,fòrdŒawGeJ@awmbufawGrSmyg? olwdk@awG[m aiGa=u;t&EGr f ;yg;vd k @r[kwfbJ q&m0ef&JŒaq;u pyfaq;avmuf tpGrf;rxufbl;vdk@

xifwJhtwGuf pyfaq;udk tm;udk;ae=uolawGjzpfygw,f?tJ'DtwGuf odomxif&Sm;wJh Oyrmwckay;csifygw,f? pufr_wuUodkvfqif;vnf; wDADG jyifwwfygw,f? pufr_wuUodkvfqif;r[kwfbJ a&SŒvlu oifjycJhvdk@ aomfvnf;aumif;/ olrsm;jyifwmudk twkcdk;+yD;aomfvnf;aumif; qdkifzGifhpm;aewJholvnf;wDADG jyifwwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh olwdk@ESpfOD;&JŒuGmjcm;csufupufr_wuUodkvfqif; wDADG jyifwJhae&mrSm oljyifvdkufwJhypPnf;b,favmufcHr,f/ b,favmuftusKd;&SdoGm;r,f/ b,fvdkqdk;usKd;awG&Sdr,fqdkwmawG tukefvHk;udk pOf;pm;csifhcsdef+yD;rSjyifay;ygw,f? tjyifvluawmh tJ'Dvdk tusKd;ta=umif; tqdk;tjypfawGudk E_dif;,SOf+yD; odjrifEdkifwJh Knowledge r&SdwJhtwGufol jyifwJh wDADG[m c%yJaumif;&ifvnf; aumif;r,f/ ydkqdk;oGm;&ifvnf; qdk;Edkifygw,f? qdkvdkcsifwmu tnHhqHk; q&m0efprf;oyf+yD;ay;vdkufwJh aq;[m todynm r&Sdrprf;oyfbJ

&S daevifhupm; vdkufemusif hoHk;r_a&m xdef;odrf;=uyfrwfr_a&m r&Sdoavmuf enf;yg;vGef;wma=umifh jynfolawGudk'kuQay;aewJh pyfaq;udpPawGjzpfay:vm&wmyg? 'gayr,fh'Djy\emudk ajz&Sif;enf;[maq;qdkifawGudk zrf;qD;wmwckwnf;r[kwfbl; qdkwmudkawmhjrifwwfrS&ygvdrfhr,f? 'Dpyfaq;jy\em[m csKdŒwJhEGrf;yg;olawGudk tajcðy+yD; jzpfay:vmwJhjy\emjzpfwJhtwGufa=umifhEGrf;yg;csKdŒwJhr_awG &Sdaeor#umvywfvHk; &SdaeOD;r,fh udpPwck

jzpfygw,f? vHk;0 aysmufuif;oGm;atmifvkyfzd k@ cJ,Of;+yD;taumif;qHk;ar#mfvifhEd kifwmu aq;0g;xdef;csKyfa&;Oya'awGudk ppfaq;wif;usyfjcif;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ tmrcHay:vpDawG csrSwfay;jcif;/ pyfaq;tEœ&m,feJ@pyfvsOf;wJhusef;rma&; todynmrsm;ay;jcif;/ qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;twGuftcrJh aq;ukor_ESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_&&SdEdkifatmifaqmif&Gufay;jcif;wdk@jzifhom pyfaq;jy\emudk xdef;csKyfEdkifygvdrhfr,f? 'DudpPawG tukefvHk; aqmif&GufEdkifzdk@qdkwmuawmhjynfolvlxk/ tpdk;&eJ@ usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm; tm;vHk; yl;aygif;óud;yrf;&r,fhudpPjzpfygw,f? tJvdkrsKd; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_rsKd;r&Sdao;or# r&Edkifao;or#awmh 'Dpyfaq;jy\em[m tajz&Sm&cufaeOD;rSmyg?

Ô Ô Ô

vHk;0 aysmufuif;oGm;atmifvkyfzdkY

cJ,Of;NyD; taumif;qHk;arSsmfvifhEdkifwmu

aq;0g;xdef;csKyf a&;Oya'awGudk ppfaq;

wif;usyfjcif;? usef;rma&; apmifha&SmufrI

tmrcHay:vpDawG csrSwfay;jcif;?

pyfaq;tEÅ&m,feJYpyfvsOf;wJh usef;rma&;

todynmrsm;ay;jcif;? qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;

twGuf tcrJhaq;ukorIESifh usef;rma&;

apmifha&SmufrI&&SdEdkifatmif aqmif&Guf

ay;jcif;wdkY jzifhom pyfaq;jyóemudk

xdef;csKyfEdkifygvdrhfr,f/



rsufvHk;rSm wdrfpGJw,fqdkwm usaemfwdk@ywf0ef;usifrSmc%c%=um;zl;aewJh udpPwckjzpfygw,f? rsufvHk;udk wdrfpGJw,fqdk+yD; a,bl,sajym=uayr,fh wu,fwrf;rSmawmh rsufpdwdrfpGJjcif;udk twGif;wdrf (Cataract)eJ@ a&wdrf (Glaucoma)qdk+yD; ESpfrsKd;cGJygw,f? wrsKd;jcif;pDrSm us,fjyef@wJh ta=umif;awG&SdwJhtwGufa=umifh usaemf ta=umif;t&m2 ckcGJ+yD; wifjyygr,f? tck

wifjyrSmu awmh twGif;wdrf (cataract)ta=umif;yg?vlwa,muf&JŒrsufvHk;xJrSm rsuf=unfv$m odk@r[kwf rsufpdrSefbDvl;vdk@ac:wJh Lens ymm yHkrSeftm;jzifh rSefwcsyfvdkrsKd;

=unfvifaeygw,f? tJvdk=unfvifaewJh tay:rSm wckck tvif;ydwfaejcif;udk Cataract (twGif;wdrf)vdk@ ac:qdk=uygw,f? rsufpd&JŒ=unfv$may:rSm tvif;awGu pkqHk=uygw,f? 'DvdkrsKd; tvif;ydwfaewJhtcgusawmh pkqHk&r,fhtvif;wef;awGymm rpkEdkifwmawGjzpfay:vmygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh tjriftm±HkrSm taESmuft,SufawG jzpfvmygawmhw,f? wu,fvdk@ tvif;ydwfwmu ao;+yD;awmh=unfv$m&JŒ ab;bufawGrSm jzpfae&ifawmh rsufpdtjrifudk odyftaESmuf,Sufray;ayrJh/ }uD;vnf;}uD;+yD; tv,fem;rSmvnf;jzpfae&ifawmh rsufpdtjrifudk xdcdkufygawmhw,f?

t"dujzpfapwJh ta=umif;uawmh touf}uD;vmvdk@yg? 'gayr,fh vli,fawGrSmvnf; xdckdufrdjcif;/ aq;qdyfoihfjcif;/qD;csKda&m*g/ jrifv$muGmjcif;/ jrifv$ma&mifjcif;wdk@a=umifh jzpfay:Edkifygw,f?

ukor_taeeJ@uawmh ydwfaewJhwdrfudk cGJpdwfxkwfypfjcif;enf;udk oHk;Edkifygw,f? cGJpdwf&mrSm oHk;EdkifwJhenf;vrf; 2 rsKd;&Sdygw,f?Intracapsular (=unfv$mrcsefbJ wdrfudk tvHk;pHkxkwfypfjcif;)ESifh Extracapsular (=unfv$mudk aemufydkif;csef+yD; wdrfudkomxkwfjcif;)qdk+yD; &Sdygw,f?

tckaemufydkif;rSmawmh Extracapsular udkyJ ydk+yD;oHk;vm=uygw,f? olu=unfv$mwckvHk; xkwfp&mrvkdawmh ydk+yD;aumif;ygw,f? tckaemufydkif;rSm tJ'D Extracapsular udkyJ qef;opfxm;wJhenf;awG ay:aygufvmygw,f? tJ'gu laser udktoHk;ðy+yD;tifrwefao;i,fwJh taygufav;uae+yD; cGJwmyg? vlemtwGuf aq;±Hkwuf&wJhtcsdef enf;oGm;ovdk/ jyef+yD;oufomvmwJhtcsdefuvnf; jrefygw,f? 'gayr,fh aps;}uD;ovdk pufu&d,mawGvnf; vdktyfvdk@ zGH@òzd;qJEdkifiHawGrSmawmh cufaeygao;w,f?

wdrfcGJ+yD;wJhtcsdefrSm rsufvHk;rSm =unfv$mr&SdbJjzpfaeygw,f? tJ'DtwGuf =unfv$mav;jyefxnfhay;&ygw,f? tJ'DtwGufwdrfudkcGJ+yD;wJhtcsdefrSm rsufvHk;xJudk =unfv$mav;jyefxnfhay;vdkufygw,f? tckaemufydkif;rSm wdrfcGJwmudk ao;i,fwJh cGJa=umif;av;eJ@vkyf=uwmrdk@ cGJ+yD; odyfr=umcifrSmyJ vlemymm xEdkif/ vrf;av#mufEdkif+yDjzpfvdk@ wdrfcGJwmudk aq;±HkrwifawmhbJ tjyifvlemtjzpfeJ@omcGJpdwfygw,f? wdrfpGJaeolymm cGJpdwf+yD;csdefrSm t&ifxufawmh ydk+yD; rsufpdtjriftm±Hk ydkaumif;vmygw,f? 'gayr,fh vHk;0vlaumif;wa,mufvdkrsKd;tjrifawmh jyefr&wwfygbl;?

wdrfcGJ&mrSm aemufqufwGJqdk;usKd;awG taeeJ@ rsufvHk;xJ ydk;0ifjcif;/ temrusufjcif;/ a&wdrfjzpfjcif;/ jrifv$ma&mifjcif;eJ@jrifv$muGmjcif;wdk@ jzpfay:Edkifygw,f?

Ô Ô Ô



vlemudk ESmacgif;ydkuf wnhfonhftcsdefrSpI q&m0ef -q&mrawG tHh=owkefv_yf=u&ygonf? ESmacgif;rSwqihf tpmtdrfxJ&dS tpmESihf tnpfta=u;rsm;udk ydkufjzihf pkyf,lonhftcg&vmonhft&mrsm;udk =unhf+yD; usrwdk@ vefŒoGm;onfyJ qdk=uygpdk@æ?

bk&m;a&; æ tJ'g bmawGvJ ESmacgif;ydkufxJu &vmonhf t&nfap;yspfyspfrsm;onf ndKnpfnpfta&mif&dSumqkd;qdk;0g;0g; eHapmfvSonf? xdkteH@onf ykyfa[mifonhfteH@ESihfrpifeH@apmfvSonf? xdkteH@onf ykyfa[mifonhfteH@ESihf rpifeH@a&mxm;onhf teH@jzpfonf? bma=umihfvJ/ vlem.tpmtdrfrSmonfrpifeH@&d Sonhf tnpfta=u;&nfawG[m bma=umihf&Sdae&wmvJ? ESmacgif;ydkuf[lonf tpmtdrfxJrSwyg; tjcm;rnfonhf udk,ft*F gtpdwftydkif;qDrS a&mufEdkifajcr&dSwmtxift&Sm;yJ? odk@ygvsuf &vmonhf tnpfta=u;u tpmtdrfxJu tnpfta=u;eH@jzpfaeonf? qdkawmh æ vlem.0rf;Adkufudk zGihfv#if b,fvdk tajctaersKd;udkawG@&rSmvJ/ jzpfEdkifajcrSm odyfrsm;rsm;pm;pm; pOf;pm;&efrvdk? vlemudk tjrefqHk;cGJpdwfuko&ef tajy;tv$m; jyifqif=u&onf? tJonftcsdefup+yD; vlemESihfywfowfonhf ta=umif;t&monf jy\emw&yftjzpf usrtm±HkxJodk@ pwif0ifa&mufvmcJhjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf? q&m0efb0wGif vlem.a&m*gudk oufomatmifukoay;onhftjzpf/ touf u,fwifvdkuf&onhftjzpfwkdŒ onfTvlemESihfywfowf+yD; t+yD;owf tcef;u¾rsm; jzpfwwfonf?

+yD;+yD æ ol@udk ukoay;+yD;+yD æ? oltoufrao awmhbl;?xdku¾onf awmfawmf yDwdjzpfp&maumif;vS.? tJonfaemufrSm vlemESihfywfoufonhf tawG;qdkwm rusef cJhawmhay?trsm;pkaom vlemukor_ tawGŒtñuHonf onftwkdif;yJjzpfonf?

odk@aomf tcsKdŒudpPrsm;rSmawmh tJonfvdkr[kwfay?vlemudkuko+yD; aemufrS vlemESihfywfowfonhf tawG;wdkŒuacgif;xJ0ifvm aewwfwmrsKd;vnf; &dSonf? xdktcgrsKd;wGifusronf oD;oefŒrSwfpkpmtkyfwckwGif vlemESihfywfoufonhf

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

tawG; odkŒr[kwf jy\emudk a&;rSwf&wwfonf? ,ck vlemrSmudk,f0efzsufcs&mrS aoG;qdyfoihftzsm; (septicemia) a&m*gcHpm;ae&onhftrsKd;orD; vlemwa,mufjzpfonf? udk,f0efzsufcsjcif;onf w&m;Oya'udk csKd;azmufjcif;yifjzpfonf?&mZowf}uD; (yk'fr - 312)jzihf +idonf? xdkŒa=umihfvnf; udk,f0efzsufcsol vlemwdk@onf jynfolŒaq;±HkESihf rywfowfvdk=uay?touftEœ&m,f pdk;&drf&avmufatmif aemufqufwGJ emrusef;r_'kuQawGudk ñuHawGŒvm&rS aq;±HkokdŒ a&mufvmwwf=uonf?'gawmifrS t&SufESihftouf[lonhf b,fwkef;u pD+yD;ay:aygufcJhrSef;rodonfh a&G;cs,fr_}uD;wckudk wcsKdŒu vufudkifxm;aewwfao;.? “toufom taocHr,f/ t&SufuGJ rcHEdkifbl;”qdkwmrsKd;jzihf acgif;rmonhfudpPawG &dSwwfao;.? “t&Suf”qdkaom t&mwGif rdrdu b,favmuf tusKH;0ifaeovJ/ tJonf“t&Suf”. tav;taygh/ twdrfteufESihf rdrdESihfoufqdkifaeonhfwm0ef b,favmuf&dSaevdk@vJ/ tJonft&Suf. t"duw&m;cHrSm rdrdwa,mufwnf;jzpfaevdk@ rdrdu vlrodolrodtaocH&rSmvm; æ ponf æ ponf æ tawG;rsm;udk jrefrmtdrfaxmifpkrsm; awG;avh r&dS=uay?

t&SufuGJrcH&csifI touftaocHoGm;&onhf rdef;rawGb,favmuf&dSae+yDvJ? TudpPwGif vlem&Sif odkŒr[kwf aqGrsKd;om;csif;wdkŒ. wwfodvdrRmpGm udkifwG,fajz&Sif;wwfr_ trsm;}uD;vdktyfygonf?

,ckvlemuawmh tJonf toufESihft&Suf udpPtjyifqif;&JEGrf;yg;onhfudpPyg wGJpyfvdkufjcif;a=umihf toufiifae onhftajctaea&mufrS usrwdkŒtzGJŒESihf awG@&jcif;jzpfygonf?

usefrwdkŒ e,fvSnhfaq;ukoonhf tpDtpOfwckudktvsOf;oihfovdk r=umc% ðyvkyfaqmif&Gufavh&dS=uonf?usrwdk@tzGJŒrSm aq;±Hku uav;txl;uk q&m0efygonf?orm;awmf ygonf? rD;,yf/ om;zGm;/ txl;uk q&m0ef ygonf?aq;±H kwGif tcgtm;avsmfpGm vkyftm;ay;q&m0eftjzpfwm0ef,lavh&dSonhf jyifyaq;ukq&m0ef usrygonf? òrdŒe,fpktwGif; &Gmodrf &Gmr$m;av;awGtxd c&D;pOfcsI oGm;a&muf

t&SufuGJrcH&csifí

touftaocHoGm;&onhf

rdef;rawG b,favmuf&dSaeNyDvJ?

þudpöwGif vlem&Sif odkYr[kwf

aqGrsKd;om;csif;wdkY\ wwfod

vdr®mpGm udkifwG,fajz&Sif;wwfrI

trsm;BuD; vdktyfygonf/

]

}



ukoay;vsuf&dS&m &Gmao;ao;uav;wckrS touftEœ&m,ftajctaetxd a&mufae+yDjzpfaom ,ckvlemudk r&nf&G,fbJoGm;=unhfcGihf&cJhJjcif;jzpfonf?

vlem&Sifu vmyihfac: jcif;r[kwfyg? vlem. todrdwfaqGwOD;u usrwdk@ aq;uk&mpcef;odk@a&mufvm+yD; owif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf?

q&mr}uD;wkdŒ&,f æ &Gmawmifzsm;rSm ief;zrf;+yD;ua,mifuwrf;jzpfaewJh uav;rav;wa,muf&dSygw,f awmfæ? [dkbuf onfbufawmif rapmif;Ekdifawmhygbl;? ñuH&ifvkduf=unhfay;yg? uav;rav;u toufti,fav;&dS ao;wmæ?“'Dac:vmvdkŒ rjzpfbl;vm;”[k usrwdkŒu ar;=unhfonf?

“vSnf;aqmihfvkduf&if wcsufwnf; toufxGufrSmyJ”[k olu xifjrifcsufay;.? qdkvdkonfu Taq;cef;odkŒvma&mufzdk@ tajctaer&dSbl;aygh? usrwdkŒtwGufu vlemwa,mufudkoGm;=unhf+yD; ukoay;zkdŒ bmtcuftcJjy\emrSrjzpfyg? olwdk@udk ukoay;vkdIyJ òrdŒay:aq;±Hk}uD;rS a0;vHaomT&Gmuav;txd a&mufcJh+yD;+yD r[kwfvm; æ oGm;=unhf=uwmaygh æ?

tJonfenf;jzihf ,ckvlemudk usrwdk@awGŒcJh&jcif; jzpfonf?tdrfonf &GmtdrfawGxJrSmrS ydkI EGrf;yg;aomtdrfjzpf

onf? 0g;x&Htayguft+yJudk puULrsm;/ tifzufrsm; a&maESm+yD;umuG,fxm;&onhf tdrf?

vlem&dS&m tdrftwGif;cef;onf xdktdrf. wckwnf;aomtcef;jzpf.? vlemonf zsm=urf; apmifEGrf;EGrf;ay:rSm vJavsmif;vsuf&dSonf? b0ul;aumif;ap&ef[laom &nf&G,fcsufjzihfteD;rSm trsKd;orD;}uD;ESpfa,mufu xdkif+yD; bk&m;pmrsm;&Gwfzwfae=uonf?

“q&m0efawGvmw,f”[k wpHkwa,mufu cyfwkd;wdk;today;aomtcg vlem. acgif;&if;rSm xdkifI vlemudk iHkŒ=unhf&Gwfzwfaeaom ta': }uD;u armh=unhf.? ta': }uD;.rsuf0ef;rSm cdkwGJaeaom rsuf&nfrsm;ESihf a&m+yD; ylyifaomuESihf

emusifa=uuGJr_wkd@udk usrjrifvdkufvsif jrifvdkufcsif; tJ'gvlem.rdcif[k usrodvdkufygonf? rdrd. &ifaoG;udk qHk;±H_;&awmhrnhf rdcifwa,muf. rsuf0ef;rsKd;onf rsufvHk;rsm;pGmxJrSoD;oef@ vSrf;jrifEdkifavmufatmif xl;jcm;pGm uGJjym;ygonf?Trsuf0ef;rSm vufceJjzpfoGm;onhf tm;udk;r_ESihf ar#mfvihfcsuf&dyf&dyfuav;udkyg usrjrifawG@vdkuf&avovm;?

xdkar#mfvihfcsufuav;udk tmrcHray;Edkifonhf tajctaeyJ&dSao;onfrdk@ usr zswfceJ rsufESmvJGum vlemudkyJowdxm;I =unhfvdkuf&onf?

vlemonf touf 18 ESpfESihf 25 ESpftwGif; t&G,fjzpfonf? tom;ta& jzLazsmhum t0ga&mifoef;aeonf?touf±ªE_ef; rrSefbJ owdvpfae+yD? ezl;ESihf em;xifw0dkufrSmac|;pdk&$Jaeonf? aoG;ckefE_ef;azsmhawmhum jrefqefaeonf?aoG;xkxnfonf xdrSef; od±Hkuav;jzpfae.?

usruyJ &mxl;ti,fqHk;jzpfonfrdkŒ vlemudk prf;oyfygonf? tzsm;'Du&D (104)E_wfcrf;rsm; ajcmufaoG@um a&"mwfenf;yg;aeonf? owd&wcsuf r&wcsufjzpfaewm neufydkif;rSp+yD; ,ckwreufvHk;[k vlem. rdcifu today;onf? vlem.0rf;Adkufudk =unhfrdawmh AdkufrSm azmif;+yD; wif;aeonf? 0rf;Adkufatmufydkif;udk usrvufjzihf prf;oyfawmh vlemwcsuf vGef@ceJawmh jzpfoGm;onf? xbDudk atmuftxd qGJcsvdkufaomtcg vlemxHrS&onhf aoG;eHŒa&monhf teH@toufwckudkododomom &vdkufonf?

vlem. tzsm;'D*&D/ teH@touf/ 0rf;Adkufwif;rmr_ponfwdk@udk wGufq+yD; ppfaq;vkdufaomtcg jzpfEdkifqHk;a&m*goHk;av;ckyJ &dSonf? vlem. rdcifudk usr rsufESm&dyfrsufESmuJjzihfac:,lum ‘udk,f0efzsufcscJhovm;’[k cyfwkd;wdk; wdkuf±dkufar;vdkufonf?

±dk;tt ynmrJhonhf awm&Gmol ta': }uD;onf csufcsif;yif csKH;yGJcs idkvkdufavonf?

uJ æ usrwdk@ bmvkyf=urvJ?vlemudk aq;±Hkxd o,f+yD; ukozdkŒ vrf;c&D;'%fESihf tcsdef

}

ta':BuD;\ rsuf0ef;rSm cdkwGJaeaom rsuf&nfrsm;ESihf

a&mNyD; ylyifaomuESihf emusifaMuuGJrIwkd Yudk usr

jrifvdkufvsif jrifvdkufcsif; tJ'g vlem\rdcif[k usr

odvdkufygonf/ rdrd\&ifaoG;udk qHk;½Hk;&awmhrnhf

rdcifwa,muf\ rsuf0ef;rsKd;onf rsufvHk;rsm;pGmxJrS

oD;oefY vSrf;jrifEdkifavmufatmif xl;jcm;pGm uGJjym;

ygonf/

]



umv'%fudk vlemcHEdkifyghrvm;? vrf;c&D;rSm wckckjzpfoGm;v#ifusrwdkŒtay: &Gmu b,fvdkoabmxm;rvJ? aq;±Hktxdta&muf vlem touf&SifaeOD;rnf[k usrwdkŒudk b,fwefcdk;&Sifu tmrcHay;EkdifyghrvJ?

xdkar;cGef;rsm;udk orm;awmfESihf rD;,yfom;zGm; txl;ukq&m0ef rrwdkŒ acgif;csif;qdkif wdkifyif=uonf? wu,fawmh vnf;vlŒavmu}uD;xJodkŒ a&mufvmonhftcsdefup+yD; usr wdkŒrSmaocsmr_tppfqdkwm r&dScJh? aocsmr_ twkawGESihfom touf&Sifae=u&onf? bmudkrS aocsmpGmar#mfvihfvdkŒr&onhf vlŒb0}uD;xJrSm a&;a&;jrif&wmav;udkyJ zrf;qkyftm;xm; ae=u&onhftjzpfawG? b,folurS b,fol@udkrS b,fudpPudkrS tmrcHay;vdkŒr&? avmu}uD;rSm tmrcHvdkŒ &onhft&m bmrSr&dS?bmjzpfvm rSef;rod&aom bma=umifhjzpfvm rnfrSef;vnf;

tvG,fwulyif jzwfausmfvsuf 0ifa&mufavonf? tlrsm;utnpfta=u;jzihf &daeum wcsKdŒ ae&mawGrSm xdvkdufv#if&d&GJaºuGusvmonf? T0rf;acgif;udk aq;&rnf? aemfr,fvfaqvdkif;[kac:aom oef@pifpGm aygif;cH ,lxm;onhf "mwfqm;&nfjzihf aq;&rnf?

vlem&Sifujzihf "mwfqm;&nf wykvif;r#yif 0,fay;Edkifrnhftajctaer[kwf? aq;±HkrSmuvnf; q&m0ef/ 0efxrf;ESihfcJGpdwfuk ud&d,mypPnf;wdk@ &dSaeao;onfrSm }uD;rm;onhfuHaumif;r_}uD;wckjzpfae&onhf tajctaer[kwfvm;?

onfawmh usrwdk@tm;vHk; tvkdtavsmufyif wnDw!Gwfwnf; qHk;jzwfvdkuf=u.? usrwdk@ q&m0ef tcsif;csif;ydkufqHpkxnhf+yD; aemfr,f aqvkdif; ykvif;awG 0,f=urnf? tm;jznhfaygif;cH&nf ykvif;aygif;rsm;pGm oHk;vsuf cyfzGzG aq;,l

rodaom tarSmifxkxJrSm prf;w0g;0g;ae&or# aysmfp&mawGudk &wwfor# &Sm=uHcHpm;ae&onhf vl@b0}uD;r[kwfvm; æ? usrwdk@ bmrSraocsmay?

odk@aomf taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif óud;pm;rnf[lonhf pdwfqENjzihf vkyfv#if vkyf/ rvkyfv#if ao/tajctaetwGuf qH k; jzwfcsufcsufcsif;csvdkuf=uonf?

Tvlemudk aq;±Hkodk@ o,foGm;rnf? vkdtyfonhfaq;0g;wdk@ oGif;ay;vsuf vlemudk aq;±Hkokd@ o,faqmifcJh=uygonf? aq;±HkodkŒ a&mufa&mufcsif;yJ cG Jpdwfr_udk cHEd kif&eftqifoihf[lonhf tajctaersKd;&vmzdkŒ vkdtyfor# ukor_tqihfqihf

ðyvkyf=u&onf? ESmacgif;ydkufrS &vmonhf tnpfta=u;&nfudkjrif&or#awmh vlem tajctae raumif;yg?

rD;,yfom;zGm; txl;uk q&m0efu olESihfoufqdkifonhfvlematmufydkif;udk prf;oyfonhftcg trsm;pkaom udk,f0ef zsufvlemrsm;twkdif;yJ wpHkwck c|efxufaomt&mjzihf xkd;qG+yD;udk,f0efudkzsufxm;a=umif; awG@&onf? cJGpdwfukoonhf '%fudkvlemcHEdkif+yD[k xif&v#if xif&jcif; vlemudk 0rf;AdkufzGihfIcJGpdwfuko=uygonf?

onfwcg bk&m;w olu rrtdk*sDjzpfonf? rrtdk*sDbma=umihf bk&m;w&onfqdkwmudk 'kwd, cG Jpdwftulq&m0eftjzpf wm0ef,lae&aom usr csufcsif;odvkdufonf?0rf;AdkufwckvHk;rSm tnpfta=u;awG zHk;v$rf;um eHapmfvsuf&d Sonf? tnpfta=u; eH @onf ESmacgif;pnf;t0wfud k

&ygonf? cyfzGzG[k qdk&onfu y,fy,fe,fe,f udkifwG,fv#if &daeaom tltcsKdŒ xyfjywfvmrSm pdk;&drfIjzpfonf?

xdyfydkif; om;tdrfrSm xkd;ESufr_'%fa=umihf taygufESpfaygufjzpfoGm;onfudk ,ckrS awG@=u&onf? om;tdrfygrubJ tpm;a[mif;tdrfud kwcsufxkd;rdxm;onf? tpma[mif;tdrf ayguf+yJoGm;onf? xdk@jyif 0rf;acgif;ajr‡;yg aygufoGm;onf? udk,f0efzsufay;ol. cE<maA'todynmESihfu|rf;usifr_tqihfrSm oknatmuftEkwfvuQ%myJ[k usrwdk@odEdkifygonf?

awG@or# '%f&m'%fcsufawGudk wwfEdkifor# zmax;csKyf? tlwcsKdŒudkjzwfxkwf/ aumif;Ed kifao;onf[k

ar#mfvihf&aom tpdwftydkif;wdk@udk cyfzGzG &G&Gav; jyefcsKyfquf/wcsKdŒ[mudk onftwkdif;xm;/ vufjzihf oGm;rxdeJŒ? cGJpdwfaeonhfumvwav#mufvHk; usr owdvufvGwf touf±ªatmihfxm;rdwm b,fESpf}udrfvJ ra&wGufEdkifawmhyg? 0rf;Adkufudkjyefydwf+yD;rS touf 00 ±ªEdkifygonf?

rr td k*s Du oufqd ki f&mudpPtm;vH k; uko+yD;pD;oGm;onhftcg oufjyif;&Snf}uD; wcsufcsvdkufwm usr=um;vdkuf&onf æ vdktyfonhf yÉdZD0aq;0g;wdk@udk usrwdk@yJaiGpk+yD; 0,f=u.? ar#mfvih fcsufuawmh (10)&mcd kifE_ef;avmufyJ&dSonf? vlemrdef;uav; uHaumif;onf[k ajymrvm;æ usrwdk@ tdk*sDrr awmfonf[k ajym&rvm; æ usrwdk@q&m0eftm;vHk;. arwWmapwem xda&mufonf[k qdk&rvm;æ bma=umihfyJjzpfjzpf xdkrdef;uav; touf&SifcGihf&aeqJ

rD;,yfom;zGm; txl;uk

q&m0efu olESihfoufqdkifonhf

vlematmufydkif;udk prf;oyfonhf

tcg trsm;pkaom udk,f0efzsuf

vlemrsm;twkdif;yJ wpHkwck cRefxuf

aomt&mjzihf xkd;qGNyD; udk,f0efudk

zsufxm;aMumif; awGU& onf/ cJGpdwf

ukoonhf 'Pfudk vlem cHEdkifNyD[k

xif&vQif xif&jcif; vlemudk 0rf;Adkuf

zGihfí cJGpdwfukoMuygonf/

}

]



jzpfonf?aemufqHk;rSmawmh usrwdk@ xkdrdef;uav;. toufudk

u,fvkdufEdkifcJh+yD æ usrwdk@ 4 a,muf aiGtawmfrsm;rsm;pDtukefuscH+yD; ukovdkuf&usKd; eyf+yD æ æ æ

vlem. rdcifrSm usrwdk@tm; aus;Zl;wifvGef;vSojzihfvuftkyfcsDI uefawmh&if; 0rf;omrsuf&nfrsm;jzihf idkjyefavonf? orD;. toufocif aus;Zl;&Sifwdk@tm; orD;tjzpfudkrc|if;rcsefajymawmhrnf[k pdwfyd ki f; jzwfvd kufyH k&onf?rdef;uav;. jzpfpOfudk usrwdk@tm; &Sufa=umufvsufuzGihfajymjycJhonf? tu,fIom olwdk@onf csrf;omonhfrdom;pkjzpfcJhvsif &v'frSm ajymif;vJ oGm;Edkifygovm;[k usrawG;=unhfrdonf? rdef;uav;om csrf;omcJhonfqdkv#ifxdka,mufsm;u r,lbJ a&Smifajy;oGm;OD;rvm; æ a&Smifajy;oGm;onfyJ xm;yg æ ±kyf&SifawGxJuvkd rdef;uav;udk vufxyfxdrf;jrm;,lvdkonhf tjcm;a,mufsm;wa,muf tqifoihfr&d SEd ki fbl;vm; æ uav;tazazmfzd k @ [lonhf cyfnH hnH h&nf&G,fcsufjzihf rdbu rdef;uav;udk tdrfaxmifðyay;vdkŒr&Ed kifbl;vm; æ (r#wwm rr#wwmqdkonfu vHk;vHk;t&SufuGJ&onhfudpPESihf ,SOfaomf xnhfwGufp&mrvdkatmifao;zGJygonf[k udk,hfudk,fukd cGihfv$wfpdwf arG;=uvdrhfrnf)?xm;ygawmh æ tJonfvdk tjcm;a,mufsm;wa,mufudkvdrfvnf+yD; ray;pm;vdkv#ifvnf; Tudk,f0efudk touftEœ&m,fr&apbJ udk,fcE<mrS z,fxkwfzdkŒ vHkðcHpdwfcs&onhfukor_udk ay;rnhfae&mawGqdkwm eHygwfpOfvdkuf pDwef;+yD;&rvmEdkifbl;vm; æ 'gu udk,f0efqdkonhf tr_udfpP}uD;ay:vm+yD;onhfaemufrSmawmif a&G;cs,fp&mawG rsm;jym;vSonhf vlcsrf;omawG. tajctaersm;jzpfonf? vdifqdkif&mynmay;A[kokw&dSonhf vlcsrf;om om;orD;qdkv#ifjzihfudk,f0ef[lonhftr_udpPyif ay:aygufvmp&mta=umif; r&dSay?,ckawmh r de f ;uav;rSm ynmr&d S æ A[kokwr&d S æ&nf;pm;uawmh &cJh+yD æ rdrdpdwftvdkudkvdkufrdwmvm; æ

&nf;pm;. pdwftvkdudk vkdfufrdwmvm; æ wckck tvdkudkvkdufrdojzihf vGefusL;cJh=u+yD æ udk,f0ef&cJh+yD æ ydkkufqHursm;rsm;r&dS æonfawmh ukefusp&dwf tenf;qHk;enf;udk&Smonhftcg æ tnHhqHk;enf;udk oHk;+yD; ajz&Sif;ay;olxHa&mufoGm;onf? bmrS rwwfonhf vlwa,muf. vufxJodk@rdrdtoufudk yHktyfay;vdkuf&onf?

TuJhodk@ tvm;wltjzpfrsKd;awG aemufxyf b,fESpfckvmOD;rnfenf; æ b,fvdk umuG,fay;Ekdifrnfenf; æ t&G,fa&mufvmonhf rdef;uav;awGudk &nf;pm; vHk;0rxm;&[kvl}uD;rsm;u tm%moHk;+yD; xdef;csKyfapmihf=uyfxm;jcif;onfTjy\em. ajz&Sif;umuG,fenf; jzpfrvm; æ &nf;pm;xm;vdku xm;yg? ESpfa,mufwnf; b,fawmhrS tawGŒrcHESihf[kqH k;rjcif;onf Tjy\em. umuG,fenf;jzpfrvm; æ&nf;pm;ESihf awG@vdkv#if udk,f0efr&dSatmif b,fvdkae æ b,fvkda&Smif æ bmaq;oHk; ponfjzihf !¸ef=um;+yD; todynmay;jcif;onf æ oihfawmfaom umuG,fenf;. ajz&Sif;enf;jzpfEdkifyghrvm; æ usruawmh usraq;cef;odk@a&mufvmonhftvm;wljy\emawGudk pum;wcGef;jzihf t+rJa&Smifavh &dSonfæ“udk,f0efzsufw,f qdkwm vlowfr_ awmfa& æ usKyfawmhudk,f0efzsufray;Edkifbl; æ udk,f0efr&atmif b,fvdkwm;&rvJvdk@ todynmyJ ay;Edkifw,f æ tJ'DtwGufawmh tcsdefra&G;vmcJhyg”?

aq;cef;rSm ñuHawG@&onhf rdef;uav;awGtwGuf usru'ghxufydk+yD; bmawGrsm; vkyfay;EdkifrSmvJ æ

uJ æ qdk=uygpdk@ æ Ttqihf TumuG,fr_awGudk r&cJhvdk@æ udk,f0ef&vm+yDqdkygpdk@ æ a,mufsm;uav;uvnf; wm0efr,lvufrxyfvk dbl; qd kygp d k @ (TEd ki fi Hr Sm ud k,f0eftwGuftaumif;qHk;ajz&Sif;enf;u wckyJ&d Sonf? xdk&nf;pm;ESih ftcsdefrwefrD vufxyf ypfvkdufjcif;jzpfonf)?

usrwdk@ b,fvdkajz&Sif;ay;=urvJ æ eifvkyfwJhtjypf

,ckawmh rdef;uav;rSm ynmr&dS … A[kokwr&dS …

&nf;pm;uawmh &cJhNyD … rdrdpdwftvdkudkvdkufrdwmvm; …

&nf;pm;\ pdwftvkdudk vkdufrdwmvm; … wckck tvdkudk

vkdufrdojzihf vGefusL;cJhMuNyD … udk,f0ef&cJhNyD … ydkkufqHu

rsm;rsm;r&dS … onfawmh ukefusp&dwf tenf;qHk;enf;udk

&Smonhftcg … tnHhqHk;enf;udk oHk;NyD; ajz&Sif;ay;olxH

a&mufoGm;onf/ bmrS rwwfonhf vlwa,muf\

vufxJodkY rdrdtoufudk yHktyfay;vdkuf&onf/

}

]



]

eifcH&rSmyJ æ 'gw&m;w,f æcHaygh[k ajym&rvm; æonfvdkqkdv#if Trdef;uav;ESihf (tenf;qHk;)xyfwl xyfr#

od k @r[kwf y d kIyi f tjyp f }uD;om æ wm0ef& d SaomOD;aqmifola,mufsm;udkawmh b,fvdk oabmxm;&rvJ æ?

olu a,mufsm;yJav æ ol@rSmu jypfr_twGufajc&mvuf&m bmrSrusefEdkifonhf tm;omcsuf}uD; &dSaerSyJjypfr_rS uGif;vHk;u|wf vGwf±Hkru b,folurS bmoHo, tjrifeJ@rSt=unhfrcH&onftxd Ttr_rS uif;&Sif;ap[k v$wfay;xm;&wm obm0wJhvm; æ?

a,mufsm;e J @ r de f ;robm0rS rwlbJ[k tJonfobm0qkdwmcsnf;udk v$Jcs+yD; tjzpfrSefudk rsKdodyfae&wmcGih fv$wfenf; tppf[kwf&JŒvm; æ ql;ay:zufusjcif;ESih fzufay:ql;usjcif;[konhf a&S;±d k;pum;yH kwckudk ,ckwdkiftoufoGif;ae&qJvm; æ tJonfpum;yHk[m ,cktxdtoHk;wnhfaewkef;yJvm; æ rdef;rawG 'gxufowWd&dSzd k@uvdkae+yDvm; æ?

udk,hf&ifaoG;. zcif&if;jzpfaom uav;tazemrnfudk±dk;om;pGm trSeftwdkif;azmfxkwfay;&rnhfudpPrSm bmawGrsm;

a=umufp&m &Sufp&m&dSrSmrdk@vJ æ wa,mufwnf;arG;+yD;wa,mufwnf; ðypkapmih fa&Smufzd k @rjzpfE d ki fbl;vm; ætrSefw&m;wckudk ±dk;om;pGm &ifqdkifzdk@ owWdr&dSoihfbl;vm; æ?

ud k,f0efr&d Satmifawmh óudwifumuG,fayg h æ&dS+yDqdkv#ifvnf; uav;.toufudk rowfbJ ywf0ef;usifudkowWd&dS&dS &ifqdkifrSaygh æ tJovkd ajz&Sif;ay;&rvm; æ?

rdef;uav;u rdrdjzpfcJhonhftr_udpPudk ywf0ef;usiftm;azmfxkwf&ifqkdif&mwGif “rsufESmajymifwkdufvSonf”[kuJh&JŒjcif;udk cHEdkifonftxd owWd&dS&dS &ifqdkifoihfonfyJxm;uav;}uD;jyif;vmonhftcg uav;cHpm;&rnhf pdwfxdckdufr_'%f&m pdwfem=unf;r_'%f&mudk usrwdk@ b,fvkdvkyf+yD; óudwifrSef;q=unhfEdkifrvJ æ/ Tuav;onf oaE<om;b0rSm aoqHk;ypf&jcif;udk ESpfoufovm; arG;zGm;}uD;jyif;vm+yD; ywf0ef;usifa=umihf &vmrnhf xdckdufemusifr_udkyJ ESpfoufovm; æ/a&G;cs,fydkifcGihf&dScJh&if uav;u bmudka&G;cs,fcsifrvJ æ/ usrwdk@b,fvkdrSrodEdkif æ rdcif. vifr&dSbJ arG;&Jonhf owWdudk}uD;jyif;vmrnhf uav;u &J&ihfr_[k r,lqbJ rdrdtm; t&SufcGJESufpufr_[k ,lqvmp&mta=umif;a&m r&dSbl;vm; æ?

bk&m;a& æ æ æawG;&if; awG;&if;ESihf Tjy\emonf ajz&Sif;vdk@&

awmhrSmr[kwf[k tm;avsmhcsifovdkvkd jzpfvmonf? avmu&dSrdef;uav;tm;vHk;twGuf taumif;qHk; ajz&Sif;enf;wckawmh&dS&rSmaygh æ/ bmenf;jzpfrvJ æ/ usrwdk@ bmulnDay;EdkifrvJ æ/wckckawmh &dS&rnf/ tJonfvdkESihf usr. rSwfpkawG wrsufESm+yD;wrsufESm yGm;vmcJhawmh æ?

*sL;

(q&m0efwa,muf. rSwfpkrsm;)

rdef;uav;u rdrdjzpfcJhonhftrIudpöudk ywf0ef;

usiftm; azmfxkwf&ifqkdif&mwGif ]rsufESmajymif

wkdufvSonf}[k uJh&JU jcif;udk cHEdkifonftxd owåd

&d S&d S &ifqdkifoihfonfyJxm; uav;BuD;jyif;vm

onhftcg uav;cHpm;&rnhf pdwfxdckdufrI 'Pf&m

pdwfemMunf;rI'Pf&mudk usrwdkY b,fvkdvkyfNyD;

BudKwif rSef;qMunhfEdkifrvJ …? þuav;onf

oaE¨om;b0rSm aoqHk;ypf&jcif;udk ESpfoufo

vm; arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;vmNyD; ywf0ef;usifaMumihf

&vmrnhf xdckdufemusifrIudkyJ ESpfoufovm; …?

}

Ô Ô Ô



( 1 ) aocsmwdusjcif; (Accuracy)

( 2 ) vkdufavsmnDaxGusifhjcif; (Adaptability)

( 3 ) pGef@pm;pdwf&Sdjcif; (Adventure)

( 4 ) ESpfoufzG,fjzpfjcif; (Agreeableness)

( 5 ) wdk;wufcsifpdwf&Sdjcif; (Amibition)

( 6 ) taumif;tjrwfukd odjrifjcif; (Appreciation of the Beautiful)

( 7 ) owd&Sdjcif; (Caution)

( 8 ) =unfvif&$ifysjcif; (Cheerfulness)

( 9 ) oef@jyef@pif=u,fjcif; ( Cleanliness)

(10) pGJ+rJpl;pdkufjcif; (Concentration)

(11) a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfjcif; (Contentment)

(12) yl;aygi;faqmif&Gufjcif; (Cooperation)

(13) &J&ifhowWd&Sdjcif; (Courage)

(14) ,Ofaus;odrfarG@jcif; (Courtesy)

(15) odcsifwufcsifpdwf&Sdjcif; (Curiosity)

(16) pdwfqHk;jzwfjcif; (Decision)

(17) 0wW&m;ausjcif; (Duty)

(18) óud;pm;tm;xkwfjcif; (Effort)



(19) ,Hk=unfr_&Sdjcif; (Faith)

(20) rdwfzGJ@pdwf&Sdjcif; (Friendliness)

(21) ay;urf;pGef@}uJjcif; (Generosity)

(22) aus;Zl;odjcif; (Gratitude)

(23) aysmf&$ifjcif; (Happiness)

(24) ulnD±dkif;yif;jcif; (Helpfulness)

(25) ±dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif; (Accuracy )

(26) ESdrfhcspdwf&Sdjcif; (Humility)

(27) &,f&$ifr_em;vnfjcif; (Humour)

(28) n%fuGef@jrL;jcif; ( Imagination)

(29) vHk@v0D&d,}uD;jcif; (Industry)

(30) w&m;r#wjcif; (Justice)

(31) oem;=uifemjcif; (Kindness)

(32) acgif;aqmifjcif; (Leadership)

(33) cspfcifjrwfEdk;jcif; (Love)

(34) opPmapmifhxdef;jcif; (Loyality)

(35) qHk;rem,ljcif; (Obedience)

(36) pepfpnf;urf;&Sdjcif; (Orderliness)

(37) onf;nnf;cHjcif; (Patience)

(38) ZGJaumif;jcif; (Perseverance)

(39) tcsdefrSefjcif; (Punctuality)

(40) =uH&nfzef&nf&Sdjcif; (Resourcefulness)

(41) ukd,fxlukd,fxvkyfjcif; (Self-reliance)

(42) jrJjrHckdifcHhaompdwf&Sdjcif; (Steadfastness)

(43) aumif;qdk;ydkif;jcm;odjcif; (Tact)

(44) òcd;jcHac|wmjcif; (Thrift)

(45) cGifhv$wfjcif; (Tolerance)

(46) ynm&Sdjcif; (Wisdom)

txufazmfjyyg *k%f&nfrsm;/ usifh0wfrsm;ESifh jynfhpHk+yD; vlrGefvlaumif;/ vlawmfrsm;jzpf=uatmif vkdufemusifhoHk;Edkif=uygap æ?OD;oef;xGÉf - ygarmuQ(+idrf;)ynma&;wuUodkvf



1945 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbm - 27 &ufae@rSm qif;&Jom;v,form;rdom;pk[m aumifav;wa,mufudk arG;zGm;cJhygw,f? qif;&JvGef;wma=umihf aumifav;[m 4 ESpfom;t&G,fuwnf;u vrf;ay:rSm ajryJqHvdkufa&mif;cJh&w,f?'gawmif tpm;eyfrSefrSef olrpm;cJh&ovdk t0wftxnf vHkvHkavmufavmufvnf; r0wfqifcJh&ygbl;? ausmif;pwufpOft&G,frSm aumifav;[m ausmif;tm;vyfcsdefwdkif; tazmfoli,fcsif;ESpfa,mufeJ@ zdeyfvdkufwdkufcJhygw,f? tu,fIzdeyfwdkufwJholr&Sd&if olwdk@ tiwfcHae=u&ygw,f?

aumifav; 12 ESpft&G,fa&mufpOf wnrSm yif;rif;qdkifu olaX;wOD; zdeyfvmwdkufygw,f? aumifav;eJ@ tazmfawG[mol@xufig zdeyfwdkuf&zdk@ olaX;qD 0dkif;tHkoGm;cJh=uw,f? aumifav; 3 a,muf&JŒ awmihfwaewJh rsuf0ef;tpHkudk=unhf+yD; olaX;qHk;jzwf&cufaeygw,f? aemufqHk;awmh olaX;u taºuGaph 2 aphudk xkwf+yD; “zdeyfwdkufc 2 usyfay;r,f b,folzdeyfwdkufay;rvJ”qdk+yD; ar;ygw,f? zdeyfwcgwdkufrS jym; 20 yJ&wm tck 10 qavmuf ydk&r,fqdkawmh aumifav; 3 a,muf&JŒ rsuf0ef;awG[mta&mifawG vif;vufoGm;awmhwmaygh?

wa,mufu “usaemfwdkufyg&ap reufuwnf;u tpmrpm;&ao;ygbl;/ pm;zdk@ yd kufqHrSr&&if usaemfqm+yD;aooGm;Edkifw,f”qdk+yD; ajymav&m aemufwa,mufuvnf; “usaemfwdk@tdrfrSm tpmjywfaewm 3 &uf&SdoGm;yg+yD/ taruvnf;aeraumif;bl;/ tdrftwGuf usaemfpm;p&m0,fjyefay;&rSm/ 'DvdkrSr[kwf&if ntdrfjyefa&muf&if usaemf t±dkufcH&awmhr,f” qdk+yD;ajym&Smygw,f?

'DtcsdefrSm aemufqHk;usefaewJhaumifav;u olaX;vufxJu ydkufqHudk=unhf+yD; c%pOf;pm;w,f/ +yD;awmh “wu,fvdk@'DydkufqH2 usyf usaemf&cJhr,fqdk&if olwdk@ESpfa,mufudk wa,mufwusyf ay;vdkufyghr,f”vdk@ ajymawmh olaX;eJ@ useftazmf ESpfa,muftHhtm;oihfoGm;=uygw,f? “olwdk@u usaemhf&JŒtaumif;qHk; oli,fcsif;awGyg/ olwdk@wu,f qmae=uwmyg/ usaemfuawmhae@vnfwkef;u ajryJqHav; enf;enf;pm;xm;&awmh zdeyfwdkufzdk@ tm;&Sdaeygao;w,f/ olaX;zdeyfudk usaemfwdkufyg&ap/olaX;auseyfap&yghr,f”?

aumifav;&JŒpum;a=umihf olaX;cHpm;oGm;&w,f? aumifav;udk zdeyfwdkufapcJh+yD; aiG 2 usyf ay;vdkufw,f? aumifav;ubmrSrajymbJ ol@tazmfESpfa,mufudk csufcsif;cGJay;vdkufw,f? &uftenf;i,ft=umrSmawmh olaX;u aumifav;udk &Sm+yD;ausmif;tm;vyfcsdefwdkif;rSm ol@yif;rif;qdkifrSm tvkyf0ifapygw,f? npmxrif;ygau|;cJ hw,f? vkyftm;cenf;ayr,hfzdeyfvdkufwdkufwmxuf pm&if ydktqifajycJhygw,f? 'g[m udk,hfxufEGrf;yg;wJholudk ulnDvdk@&vmwJh tcGihfta&;qdkwmaumifav;odw,f? 'ga=umihf aemifawGrSmvnf; tcuftcJ&Sdolwdkif;udk olwwfpGrf;oavmuf ulnDcJhygw,f? aemufawmhaumifav;[m ausmif;&yfem;+yD; tvkyf±HkrSm tvkyform;0ifvkyfcJhygw,f?

tvkyform;awGtwGuf tvkyform;tcGihfta&;&zdk@ olawmif;qdkcJhw,f? touf21 ESpft&G,frSm tvkyform;toif;xJol0ifcJhw,f? touf 45 ESpfrSm tvkyform;ygwDudk olwnfaxmifcJhw,f? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmrSm “'DEdkifiHrSm&dSwJh vlawGtm;vHk;wae@udk xrif;oHk;eyf rSefrSefpm;ap&r,f”qdk+yD; ola&G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhw,f? jynfoltrsm;&JŒaxmufcHr_udk &&SdcJh+yD; tJh'DEdkifiH&JŒ 35 OD;ajrmuforRwjzpfvmcJhw,f? tJh'DEdkifiH&JŒordkif;rSm yxrqHk; tvkyform;uae orRwjzpfvmcJhol tjzpf rSwfwrf;0ifcJhygw,f? 2006 ckESpfrSm'kwd,t}udrf orRwtjzpf jyefvnfta&G;cHcJ h&+yD; olorRwoufwrf; 8 ESpftwGif;rSm olajymcJhwJhtwdkif; vufawG@taumiftxnfazmfcJhw,f? wEdkifiHvHkrSm&SdwJh 93 µ uav;i,fawGeJ@ 83 µ t&G,fa&muf+yD;olawGudk wae@ oHk;eyfrSefapcJhwJhtjyifol@&JŒOD;aqmifr_atmufrSm “jrufudkpm;cJhwJh 'dkifEdkaqmb0uae tar&duwdkuf&JŒ jcaoFh”tjzpf wurBmvHk;&JŒ 10 EdkifiHajrmufpD;yGm;a&;EdkifiH}uD;jzpfapcJhw,f? oluawmh wjcm;vl r[kwfygbl;? 2010 ckESpfukefydkif;rSm orRwtjzpf &yfem;cJhwJh b&mZD;EdkifiH&JŒorRwa[mif; Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva yJ jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umihf b,fvdkb0 b,fvdktajctaersKd;rSmyJ jzpfaeygap udk,hfudk,fudkb,fawmhrS ZGJrav#mhygeJ@? vlwdkif;rSm atmifjrifr_yef;wdkifqdkwm &Sdae+yD;om;yg? tJh'Dyef;wdkifudk a&mufatmif oGm;zdk@ óud;pm;&rSmuomrdrdwm0efjzpfygw,f?

(vif;n‡dKŒaoG; a&;aom “óu;”pmtkyfrS xkwfEkwf+yD; pdwf"gwfcGeftm;jzpfap&ef &nf&G,fI a0r#vdkufygonf)?

(Inspirational Biographical Sketch)(Inspirational Biographical Sketch)

wefzkd;BuD;aom b0wckwefzkd;BuD;aom b0wck

Ô Ô Ô



r&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJhudk,f0efqkdwm tcsdefrwkdifcifodk@r[kwf tpDtpOfr&SdbJ odk@r[kwf rvkdbJ&vmwJh udk,f0efawGudkajymwmyg? t&G,fa&muf+yD;ol trsKd;orD; }uD;i,fra&G;rSm/r&nf&G,fbJ udk,f0ef&vmEkdif=uayr,fh q,fausmfoufawGrSmawmh tjzpftrsm;qHk;yg? 2011 avhvmcsufawGt& 2006twGif; a&$Œajymif;jrefrmrsm;&JŒ ukd,f0ef 49 µ [m r&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJhukd,f0efrsm;jzpf=u+yD;/ tJ'g[m 2001 ckESpf/ avhvmr_uawG@&SdwJh 48 µ xuf eJeJykdvmw,fvkd@qkdygw,f? touf 15 ESpfeJ@17 ESpf=um; q,fausmfoufrsm;rSm r&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJhudk,f0efta&twGuf &mckdifE_ef;avsmhvmw,fqkdayr,fhvnf;touf 19 ESpfeJ@ atmuf rdef;uav;rsm; ukd,f0ef 5 OD;rSm 4OD;[m r&nf&G,fbJ&vm=uwm jzpfae=uqJyg? 'g htjyifr&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJh udk,f0ef&&SdE_ef;[m tcsKdŒaom qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;ESihf vufrxyfao;bJ twlae ae=uolrsm;&JŒ touf 18ESpfeJ@ 24 ESpf=um; t&G,fawGrSm jrihfrm;uGm[+rJjzpfaeqJyg?

r&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJh ukd,f0efawG[m udk,f0ef&&SdcsdefrSmrvk dcsi fbJ &vm=uwmawGyg? wcgw&Hr Smawmh 'gud krvkdcsifbJ&vmwJh udk,f0ef Unwanted Pregnancy eJ@ tcsdefrwkdifbJ &wJhudk,f0ef Mistimed Pregnancy vkd@ cGJjcm;xm;jyefygw,f? 2009 cku urBmw0Srf;rSm udk,f0efawG&JŒ 38 µ (pkpkaygif;oef; 80 aom udk,f0efawG[m)r&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJhukd,f0efawGvkd@ od&Sd&ygw,f? udk,f0efzsufcsr_awG&JŒ t"duta=umif;[mr&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJh ukd,f0efawGjzpf+yD; 'g[m 42 oef;aomukd,f0efzsufcsr_awGukd jzpfay:apcJhygw,f? twkdif;tqr&SdwJhrdcifeJ@uav;rsm; usef;rma&;jy\emrsm;eJ@ onfr&nf&G,fbJ

&vmwJhukd,f0efawG[m qufpyfae=uygw,f?acwfay: om;qufjcm;enf;vrf;awG toHk;ðyvmEkdifr_

[m onfr&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJhudk,f0ef&&Sdr_udk rsm;pGm avsmhusapEkdifwmudk txl;ojzifh zGHŒòzd;wkd;wuf+yD;EkdifiHawGrSm awG@&ygw,f?qkdcJhovkd r&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJhukd,f0efawGxJrSm Mistimed

tcsdefrwkdifbJ &vmwJhukd,f0efawGvkd &,lcsifwJhtcsdefxufapm+yD; &vmwJhudk,f0efa&m/ Unwanted vkd ukdrvkdcsifbJ &wJhukd,f0efa&m yg&Sdygw,f? ZeD;armifESHawG[m wcgw&HrSmawmhuav;ta&twGufudk xdef;csKyfzkd@vkdtyfovkd/ uav;wOD;eJ@wOD;=um; b,favmuf jcm;rvJqkdwm uef@owfvkd=uygw,f?uav;eJ@rdcifrsm;&JŒ usef;rma&; wkd;wufaumif;rGefapzkd@&mapmpD;pGm uav;r,l=uzkd@tjyif uav;wOD;eJ@wOD;t=um;vHkavmufwJhtcsdefumvjcm;ay;zkd@ vkdtyfygw,f? pD;yGm;a&;eJ@vlr_a&; ta=umif;w&m;rsm;jzpfwJh ynmoif=um;r_ qHk;cef;wkdif+yD;ajrmufr_eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;twkdif;twmw&yftxd jynf@pkHapr_wkd@[mb,ftcsdefrSm om;orD;,l=urvJqkdwJh qHk;jzwfr_twGufta&;ygvSygw,f?

usaemfh Mobile Medical Team aqmif&GufaewJhzkwfz&mh a'ou a&$Œajymif;jrefrmawGt=um; t"du usef;rma&;jy\em q,fckrSm trSwfpOfeHygwf 4 ae&mrSm&S daewmr&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJhukd,f0ef Unintended Pregnancy yg?usaemfwkd@ “trsKd;orD;rsm; vlr_ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJŒ” Social

Action for Women &JŒ Call Center-Hot Line rSm ae@pOf Call

q,f}udrf&JŒtxuf ajz&Sif;jyef=um;ae&wJh ta=umif;t&muvnf; r&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJh udk,f0ef Unintended Pregnancy

rkd@/ onfta=umif;t&mudk wifjyaqG;aEG;&jcif;yg? acwfay:om;qufjcm;enf;vrf;awG toHk;rðyjzpfwm/ toHk;ðyjyefawmhvnf; rSefuefpepfuspGm toHk;rðyjzpf=uwJhtxJ tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufcH&r_awGa=umihf 'grSr[kwf t"rRðyusihfcH&r_awGa=umihf ukd,f0ef&&S dr_ukd rwm;qD;Ed kifcJ hwm/ rsK d;qufyGm;usef;rma&;eJ@yufoufwJh todcsKdŒwJh=uwm/ &Sdjyefawmhvnf;rSm;,Gif;wJht,ltqawG acgif;xJpG Jae=uwm/ om;qufjcm;enf;eJ@yufoufvkd@ todw&m;eJ@ tawG@tñuH vHk;0udkr&Sd=uwm/ &Sdjyefawmhvnf; rSefuefpGm toHk;csEkdifpGrf;r&Sdjyefwm/b,ftcgrSm om;orD;,l=ur,fqk dwJ h óudwifp DpOfr _e J @tusKd;ta=umif; qkd;aumif;ra0cGJEkdifbJ 'Gd[jzpfae=uwm/bmoma&;eJ@ ,Ofaus;r_"avht,ltqawGa=umifh om;qufjcm;enf;vrf;awG oHk;pGJzkd@ r0Hhr&Jjzpfae=uwm/ roHk;pGJjzpfwm/pepfwusrSefuefpGm toHk;rðyEdkifr_awG[m qkdcJhwJh r&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJh udk,f0ef&&Sdr_E_ef;xm;udk wkd;wufjrifhrm;apygw,f?avhvmcsufawGt& 52 µ aom r&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJhudk,f0efrsm;[m om;qufjcm;enf;wckckudk tJ'Dudk,f0ef&&SdwJhvrSm tokH;rðycJhvdk@jzpf+yD;/ 43 µ uawmh om;qufjcm;enf;udk



rSefrSefeJ@ pHepfwus toHk;rðycJhvdk@eJ@ usef 5 µu tokH;ðywJhom;qufjcm;enf;&JŒ csKdŒ,Gif;r_a=umifhqdkwm awGŒ&Sd&ygw,f?'ga=umifh acwfay:om;qufjcm;enf;vrf;awG vG,fvifhwul/oufoufomom pHepfwuseJ@ rSefrSef tokH;ðyEd kifatmifpDpOfaqmif&Gufay;Edkif&if/ avhusifhoif=um;ynmay;Edkif&iftxufrSmqdkcJhovdk r&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJh udk,f0ef&&Sdr_ 95 µudktm;vkH;rav#mhcsEd kifonfhwd kif xuf0uf 50 µ avmufavsmhusapEdkifw,fqdk&ifbJ tawmfhudk tusKd;&S dEd kifyg+yD?±dk;om;pGm 0efcH&r,fqkd&if usaemfwkd@ usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;zufuvnf; wdusrSefuefpGm todynmay; vrf;!̧efay;&r,hfolawG jzpfayr,fh ukd,fudk,fwkdifu rSefuefwJhtodynm r&Sdwm/*%aocsm em;rvnfwmuvnf; jy\em&JŒ ta=umif;&if;w&yfyg? om;qufjcm; enf;vrf;udk,fpD&JŒ tm;omcsuf/tm;enf;csufeJ@ pdwfcs&r_ &mckdifE_ef;pwJh owif;tcsuftvufawGwdwdusus r&Sif;jywwfwm/ Oyrm æ om;qufjcm; xkd;aq; -pm;aq;awG[m pwiftoHk;ðy+yD; 7 &uf=umrS tusKd;oufa&mufr_&Sdwm/ onfenf;vrf;ESpfoG,fudk pwiftoHk;ðyr,fqkd&iftrsKd;orD;rsm; "rRwmpwifonfhae@rS 5 &uftwGif; toHk;ðy&efwdwdusus aqmif&GufEkdifr_ tm;enf;=uwm/ ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh wduspGmraqmif&GufEkdifygu tjcm;enf;vrf; wrsKd;rsKd;udkwGJzuftoHk;ðyI om;qufjcm;enf; aqmif&Gufxm;&ef rrSm=um;Ekdifjcif;/ &ufowW 12 ywft=um(twdtus 84 &uft=um)wpf}udrf jyefvnf xkd;ESH&rnfh om;qufjcm; xkd;aq;tm;okH;vcH/ okH;vcH[lI vGJrSm;pGm ajymqkdoHk;pGJaejcif;a=umifhuGm[csuf 8 &ufESihf 9 &uft=um; r&nf&G,fbJ &vmwJhukd,f0efrsm;[mvnf; jy\em&JŒta=umif;&if;cHrsm; jzpf=uygw,f? qdkvdkwmu usef;rma&;ynmay;&mrSm ay;wJholusef;rma&;vkyfom;awGzufuvnf; rSefuefwduswJh owif;tcsuftvufawGudk &Sif;vif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufatmifay;zdk@ txl;vdktyfygw,f? udk,fudk,fwdkif yxr em;vnf&Sif;vif;oabmaygufxm;zdk@ ta&;}uD;vSygw,f?

okd@twGuf 2011 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmu csif;rdkifrSmðyvkyfcJhwJhOptions Counseling Training eJ@ ibis Reproductive Health/

Burma Border Projects / Mae Tao Clinic ESifh Mae Sot Hospital

wkd@ rJaqmufrSm yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf ðyvkyfcJhonfh Safe Referral

Project and Options Counseling Training wkd@u tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;&Sd usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;. t&nftaoG;udkjr‡ifhwifay;+yD; a&GŒajymif; jrefrmrsm;xJu r&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJhudk,f0efaqmifrsm;tm; quality options counseling ay;+yD;owfrSwfcsufESifh ukdufnDolrsm;tm; vlem.qENa&G;cs,fr_ESifhtnDrJaqmufaq;±Hkokd@ v$Jykd@apv$wfr_rsm; aqmif&Gufay;aeygw,f?usef;rma&; vkyfom;rsm;. t&nftaoG; jr‡if hwifay;+yD;t&nftcsif;jynfh0um rdrdukd,frdrd ,Hk=unfr_tjynhft0&Sdaom/xkdif;EkdifiH. ukd,f0efzsufcsr_qkdif&m Oya'rsm;udk em;vnf

u|rf;usifaomolrsm;jzpfatmifvnf; oif=um;avhusifhay;xm;jcif;a=umifh ,cktcg a&$Œajymif;jrefrmrsm;. rsKd;qufyGm;usef;rma&;jy\emrsm; txl;ojzifh r&nf&G,fbJ&vm wJhudk,f0efUnintended Pregnancy udpP&yfrsm;tay: ykdrkdxda&mufpGmudkifwG,faqmif&GufEkdif=u+yD; um,uH&Sif. qENa&G;cs,fr_t&rJaqmufaq;±Hkodk@ safe and legal abortion referrals rsm;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdif+yD jzpfygonf?

ok d @ygI r&nf&G,fbJ&vmwJ h uk d,f0ef jy\emwpHkw&m&SdcJhygu rdrdbmom }udwfrajz&Sif;=ubJ okd@r[kwfem;rvnf ru|rf;usifaomolrsm;jzihf vGefpGmtEœ&m,frsm;onfhunsafe and illegal induced abortion rsm; raqmif&Guf=ubJOptions Counseling u|rf;usifpGm avhusihfwwfajrmufxm;onfhusef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;&Sd&m rJaqmufaq;±kH One Stop Service

Crisis Center (OSCC)zk H; 055-532304, 081 3240 449

odk@jzpfap/ Mae Tao Clinic (MTC). rsKd;qufyGm; usef;rma&;jyifyvlemXme (RH OPD)odk@ jzpfap/ trsKd;orD;rsm; vlr_ulnDapmihfa&Smufa&; tzGJŒ Social Action for Women (SAW).Call Center zHk; 080 1163 525, 085 7284 884, 080 3392

153, 080 5125 993 rsm;odk@jzpfap qufoG,faqmif&GuftultnD&,l=u&ef today;wifjy wdkufwGef;tyfygonf?

a'gufwm xifaZmf

Ô Ô Ô

Saw online journal september

Documents

Transcript of Saw online journal september