Saving’Seeds’from’Brassicas’and’Lettuces’ By#MelissaDeSa# ·...

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Saving Seeds from Brassicas and Lettuces By Melissa DeSa An important longterm goal of the Grow Gainesville Seed Library is to foster an appreciation and knowledge for the art of saving garden seeds. As the daylight hours and temperature begins to rise now in the spring, you will notice many of your greens bolting, or going to seed. Some can easily be saved with a little background knowledge on the specific plants and some helpful techniques. Most of what I’ve written about here comes from a fantastic book called Seed to Seed by Suzanne Ashworth. I’ll talk about basic seed saving techniques for brassicas and lettuces since they tend to be the most common in our fading fall/winter gardens. Family Brassiceae This is a diverse family containing many garden favorites like broccoli, mustard, kale, rutabaga, broccoli, cabbage, kohlrabi, turnips, arugula and more. Some can actually be challenging to save; they require insect pollination from one plant to another (i.e. one broccoli plant to another broccoli plant), and have a high potential for crosspollination among species. The trick? Many garden favorites growing at the same time are the same species, thus pure seed is unlikely! Seriously, did you know that Brassica oleracea is all of the following: broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale and kohlrabi? If these are all flowering at the same time in the garden, you may not be able to save viable seed. Save only if flowering times are staggered, to avoid cross pollination by insects. Or only plan to grow one from which you wish to save seed. This requires a bit of preplanting planning before the season. If saving is an option, seedpods must fully develop while still growing on the plant. They’re ready for harvest when they turn light brown and become dry and crumbly. Continue drying the stalks or seeds in a paper bag out of the sun and in a dry place. You can break up the pods by hand or a seed thresher. As with all plants you save from, choose seeds from more than one plant, and only from healthy ones. Plants suffering any insect or disease damage, or otherwise growing poorly should not be providing seeds for your next generation of seeds. Brassicas will stay viable for about 4 to 5 years when stored properly. Flowering arugula with green, unripe seed pods. When these turn brown and brittle, they can be harvested carefully from the plant. From one arugula plant alone, you may obtain hundreds of seeds! Share with Grow Gainesville’s Seed Library!

Transcript of Saving’Seeds’from’Brassicas’and’Lettuces’ By#MelissaDeSa# ·...

Page 1: Saving’Seeds’from’Brassicas’and’Lettuces’ By#MelissaDeSa# · Saving’Seeds’from’Brassicas’and’Lettuces’ By#MelissaDeSa#! Animportant!long-term!goal!ofthe!Grow!Gainesville!Seed!Library!is!to!fosteran!appreciation!and

Saving  Seeds  from  Brassicas  and  Lettuces  By  Melissa  DeSa  

 An  important  long-­‐term  goal  of  the  Grow  Gainesville  Seed  Library  is  to  foster  an  appreciation  and  knowledge  for  the  art  of  saving  garden  seeds.  As  the  daylight  hours  and  temperature  begins  to  rise  now  in  the  spring,  you  will  notice  many  of  your  greens  bolting,  or  going  to  seed.  Some  can  easily  be  saved  with  a  little  background  knowledge  on  the  specific  plants  and  some  helpful  techniques.  Most  of  what  I’ve  written  about  here  comes  from  a  fantastic  book  called  Seed  to  Seed  by  Suzanne  Ashworth.  I’ll  talk  about  basic  seed  saving  techniques  for  brassicas  and  lettuces  since  they  tend  to  be  the  most  common  in  our  fading  fall/winter  gardens.      Family  Brassiceae    This  is  a  diverse  family  containing  many  garden  favorites  like  broccoli,  mustard,  kale,  rutabaga,  broccoli,  cabbage,  kohlrabi,  turnips,  arugula  and  more.  Some  can  actually  be  challenging  to  save;  they  require  insect  pollination  from  one  plant  to  another  (i.e.  one  broccoli  plant  to  another  broccoli  plant),  and  have  a  high  potential  for  cross-­‐pollination  among  species.  The  trick?  Many  garden  favorites  growing  at  the  same  time  are  the  same  species,  thus  pure  seed  is  unlikely!  Seriously,  did  you  know  that  Brassica  oleracea  is  all  of  the  following:  broccoli,  Brussels  sprouts,  cabbage,  cauliflower,  collards,  kale  and  kohlrabi?  If  these  are  all  flowering  at  the  same  time  in  the  garden,  you  may  not  be  able  to  save  viable  seed.  Save  only  if  flowering  times  are  staggered,  to  avoid  cross  pollination  by  insects.  Or  only  plan  to  grow  one    from  which  you  wish  to  save  seed.  This  requires  a  bit  of  pre-­‐planting  planning  before  the  season.        If  saving  is  an  option,  seedpods  must  fully  develop  while  still  growing  on  the  plant.  They’re  ready  for  harvest  when  they  turn  light  brown  and  become  dry  and  crumbly.  Continue  drying  the  stalks  or  seeds  in  a  paper  bag  out  of  the  sun  and  in  a  dry  place.  You  can  break  up  the  pods  by  hand  or  a  seed  thresher.  As  with  all  plants  you  save  from,  choose  seeds  from  more  than  one  plant,  and  only  from  healthy  ones.  Plants  suffering  any  insect  or  disease  damage,  or  otherwise  growing  poorly  should  not  be  providing  seeds  for  your  next  generation  of  seeds.  Brassicas  will  stay  viable  for  about  4  to  5  years  when  stored  properly.      

 Flowering  arugula  with  green,  unripe  seed  pods.  When  these  turn  brown  and  brittle,  they  can  be  harvested  carefully  from  the  plant.  From  one  arugula  plant  alone,  you  may  obtain  hundreds  of  seeds!  Share  with  Grow  Gainesville’s  Seed  Library!          

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Family  Compositae:  “The  Salad  Family”      These  are  inbreeding  plants,  meaning  that  they  self-­‐pollinate  to  produce  seed.  Different  varieties  however  may  cross-­‐pollinate.  Some  varieties  have  flowers  that  are  only  open  for  30  minutes  up  to  several  hours,  so  if  flowering  is  staggered  among  varieties,  you  may  avoid  cross-­‐pollination.  Heading  varieties  of  lettuce  may  have  trouble  getting  the  stalk  to  push  through  the  heads.  The  gardener  can  assist  by  slitting  the  top  of  head  or  twisting  it  to  promote  emergence  of  the  stalk.  Leaf  varieties  do  not  have  this  problem.  Lettuce  seeds  will  ripen  irregularly  and  are  ready  12-­‐24  days  after  flowering,  when  brown  and  dry  similar  to  brassicas.  Harvest  daily  by  shaking  seed  heads  into  a  paper  bag.  The  entire  plant  can  also  be  cut  when  most  of  the  seedpods  you  desire  are  ready.  Most  of  what  you  collect  will  be  white  fluff  and  chaff,  hiding  tiny  seeds.  Many  home  gardeners  may  choose  to  live  with  the  chaff  in  their  seed  packets,  but  you  can  attempt  to  clean  them  with  a  fine  mesh  screen.  Lettuce  seeds  are  viable  for  three  years  when  stored  in  a  cool,  dry,  dark  location.      

 Lettuce  seeds  forming  on  a  fully  bolted  plant.  You  can  already  see  the  white  fluffy  chaff  that  you  may  chose  to  sort  through.      Post  Harvest  Storage  and  Organization    Be  sure  to  label  your  seed  envelopes  with  information  necessary  for  the  next  growing  season,  or  the  next  person  who  receives  your  seeds.  Some  important  details  are:  crop  common  name  and  scientific  name,  date  saved,  variety,  and  any  planting  notes.      Proper  seed  storage  is  essential  to  maintain  viability  and  shelf  life.  Once  inside  an  envelope,  you  can  place  packets  into  plastic  Ziploc  bags,  or  sealed  glass  containers  in  the  refrigerator.  In  our  home  refrigerator,  the  bottom  shelf  in  the  door  is  dedicated  to  seeds  only,  so  they  stay  organized.  If  you  have  saved  more  seed  than  you  know  what  to  do  with,  consider  donating  to  the  Seed  Library.  Check  out  our  recommended  methods  for  donation  on  our  website.