ENVIRONMEN4TAL RESEARCH PAPERS, NO. 622

SAtmospheric Transmission of Laser Radiation:.~Computer Code LASER

R. A.' McCLATCHEYA. P.1 DIAGATI

C-L

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ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION OF LASER Scientific. Interim.RADIATION: COMPUTER CODE LASER 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

ERP No. 6227. AUTHOR(s) 8. CONIRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s)

R. A. MeClatcheyA.P. D'Agati

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Air Force Geophysics Laboratory AFEA A WORK UNIT NUMOERS

Hanscom AFB E" IOFMassachusetts 01731 7670 09 05

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 1I. AEPORT DATEAir Force Geophysics Laboratory 31 January 1978Hanscom AFB I3. NUJMBER OF PAGESMassachusetts 01731 138

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IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

/A

1B. KEY WORDS (Coloti.u on r aid. I nIt se ry -d Identify by block .omber)

Laser transmission 4Atmospheric transmissionAtmospheric absorptionLaser propagation

" *::SJTRACT (Cooti.4o n re ra.Id. If n•s•bory a.d den.Iffy by block -u15be1)

A computer code called LASER has been developed and documented andwill be made available to interested users. LASER is a version of HITRAN Qewhich computes the monochromatic extinction coefficients for both molecularand particulate components of the atmosphere and provides results for a serieEof atmospb ric models from sea level to 100 km in altitude. A detailed

description of the calculations leading to these extinction coefficient charts is-

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20. Abstract (Continued)

provided, and charts are provided for a number of specific laser frequenciesin order to bring up to date previously published results. In addition, highspectral resolution atmospheric transmission spectra have been providedcovering the regions of CO 2 , CO, and DF laser emission. These plottedspectra represent an up-to-date version of previously published material.

II

•.Unclas sified J;' 51~~~~ECU RITY CLA SSIFIlCATIO N OFf THIS PA CI W~E( " D .I .RnWe d) .•

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to acknowledge the work done by John Selby and James

Chetwynd in the early stages of LASER program development. They also wish to

acknowledgc the contribution made by Eric Shettle and Robert Fenn in providing

the aerosol models contained in the LASER program prior to their publication in

a separate report.

3r

'Li

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 7

2. MOLECULAR EXTINCTION 9

3. AEROSOL EXTINCTION 14

4. ATMOSPHERIC MODELS 25

5. COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR MOLECULAR ABSORPTION 32

6. RESULTS 33

REFERENCES 41

APPENDIX A: The LASER Computer Program 43

APPENDIX B: Extinction Coefficient Charts for Selected LaserFrequencies 69

APPENDIX C: Calculated Transmission Spectra for 10-km HorizontalPaths at Sea Level and 12 -ion Altitude 111

Illustrations

1.. Molecular Scattering Coefficients at STP 10

2. Absorption Coefficient Due to Water Vapor Continuum for StandardMeteorological Models 12

5

PAO

Illustrations

3. Abiorplioun Coufficient Due to the Pressure-Induced NitrogenBand at 4.3 pm 13

A1. General Flow Chart for LASER Program 45A2. Detailed Flow Chart for LASER Program 46

A3. Detailed Flow Chart for Subroutine ATMOS 47

A4. Detailed Flow Chart for CONT Subroutine 48

Cla.-z. Calculated Spectra for a 10-kmn Horizontal Sea Level Path 113

C2a-z. Calculated Spectra for a 10-kln Horizontal Path at anAltitude of 12 kmn 126

Tables

1. Self-Broadening Absorption Coefficients for Water VaporContinuum (3. 3-4.2 pmm) 11

2. The K")" Factor Modification to the Lorentz Line Profile forCO 2 Lines 14

3a. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction:Rural 16

3b. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction:Urban 17

9c. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction:Maritime 18

3d. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction:Tropospheric 19

3e. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction:Background Stratospheric 20

3f. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction:Aged Volcanic 21

3g. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction:Meteoric Dust 22

4. Scaling Factors Representing Vertical Distributions of AerosolExtinction 24

5. Concentrations of Uniformly Mixed Gases 25

6. Model Atmospheres Used as a Basis of the Computation ofAtmospheric Optical Properties 26

7. Attenuation Coefficients fo:cr Laser Frequencies 34

C 1. Spectral Plots Contained in Figures C I and C2 112

6

Atmospheric Transmission of Laser

Radiation: Computer Code LASER

1. INTRODIUTION

Several years ago, the development of lasers as sources of coherent, mono-

chromatic radiation led to the need for understanding the propagation character-

istics of the atmosphere at high spectral resolution. Fortunately, a wealth of

basic experimental and theoretical work existed in the scientific literature and was

already in the process of being compiled to form a data base 1 essential to the

development of atmospheric transmission models pertinent to laser propagation.

This data compilation is essential to address the problem of molecular absorption

by discrete absorption lines of atmospheric molecules. Absorption line widths of

such atmospheric molecules are typically of the order of 0. 1 cm-I at one atmos-

phere pressure, and decrease with pressure. Thus, a computational spectral

resolution of better than 0. 1 cm- is required.

Although discrete absorption lines form the most highly frequency-dependent

portion of the atmospheric extinction coefficient, it is necessary, in addition, to

consider extinction due to scattering by the molecules composing the atmosphere

and extinction due to both scattering and absorption by aerosols (particulates) in

(Received for publication 31 January 1978)

1. McClatchey, R.A., Benedict, W.S., Clough, S.A. etal. (1974)AFCRLAtmos-pheric Absorption Line Parameters Compilation, AFCRL-TR-73-0096.

7

.i |

the atmosphere. These four extinction coefficients add to formn the total extinction

coefficient as indicated in Eq. (1)

" -k I+ L1 +k +o (+)in In a a

where kIn0 Im ka "a are extinction coefficients due to molecular absorption,

molecular scattering, aerosol absorption, and aerosol scatte.ring, respectively.

With the exception of molecular absorption, the remaining extinction mechanisms

all result in rather slowly varying functions of frequency and so can be dealt withsomewhat differently from the molecular absorption effects.

A series of reports2' 3,4 was published in an effort to provide the extinctioncoefficients expressed in Eq. (1) for a number of different atmospheric paths and

for a large number of different laser emission lines. In addition to providing

specific extinction coefficient information, high resolution spectra were published5 -

covering the entire spectral region from 0.76 to 31.25 pml, using a version of

the AFGL IIl3TRAN computer code. This combination of extinction coefficients

for specific atmospheric models and high resolution spectra has gone a long way

to provide the systems analyst with some idea of the atmospheric extinction effects

on any laser system in this spectral region.

However, there still appears to be a need for the user of this material to be

able to consider laser frequencies other than those specific ones for which results

were published and to consider alternative atmospheric models. The ability to

interpolate within and to extrapolate beyond the published results is admittedly

difficult and in some cases not very accurate. Therefore, we are using this report

as a means of making available a computer code which can be used to generate

extinction coefficients for the propagation of laser radiation through the atmos-

phere. As a result of modifications to all elements (except molecular scattering)

of the extinction coefficients, we are providing a limited number of revised extinc-

tion charts for some of the same laser lines previously published. In view of the

high interest in the propagation through the atmosphere of several laser systems,

we are publishing revised high resolution spectra in the regions from 3. 3 to

4.2 prmo 4. (ito 5, 3 pin, and 7. 1 to 13. 5 pmo. We have made every effort to

2. McClatchey, R.A. (1970) Atmospheric Attenuation of CO Laser Radiation,AFCI1L-71-0370, ,I3P 359.

3. McClatchey, 1P.A., and Selby, J. E. A. (1972a) Atmospheric Attenuation ofHF and DF Laser lRadiatior, AFCRL-72-031l27E P1 400.

4. McClatehey, 11.A., and Selby, J. E.A. (1972b) Atmospheric Transmittance,7 -30 p•m: Attenuation of CO 2 Laser Radiation, -AF'rRL-72-0611, -9.

5. McClatchey, R.A., and Selby, J.E.A. (1974) Atmospheric Attenuation ofLaser 1Radiation from 0,76 to 31.25 pm, AFCR-TF-'74---OO3,ErP••0.

8

simplify and document the computer code, LASER, contained in Appcndix A. lIhis

code is a special version of our AFGL HITRAN code specifically applicable to

monochroinatic, laser extinction (:ocffiicnt calculations.

2. M",IIJ IEi, XI IATIN 'TION

As indicated in the foregoing section, the process of mrolecular absorption by

discrete absorption lines produces absorption coefficients that vary rapidly with

frequency. In addition to this process, there are absorption processes that give

rise to more smoothly varying absorption coefficients. Some examples are the

continuum' absorption by water vapor of particular significance in the atmos-

pheric "windows" between 3 and 5 Min and also between 8 and 14 Am. We also

have a slowly varying absorption caused by the nitrogen molecule (N.2) between

about 3 and 4 pm. Let us indicate the form of the molecular scattering (Rayleigh)

function used in our calculations, before considering these absorption effects. The

extinction coefficient due to molecular scattering is given by Eq. (2) where p and

T are the pressure (rub) and temperature (k) of the atmrospheric path and v is the

frequency in wavenumbers (cm- I).

-20/273)(/ P )4.0117 - 2

a = 9.807 x 10 T 1013) V (kmi (2)

This expression was obtained as a best fit to molecular scattering coefficients

published by Penndorf6 and is shown in Figure 1. In our model, it is necessary

to integrate the density (p/T) through the atmospheric layer in question in order t,

represent more accurately the changing density vith height. Due to the small

variations in molecular scattering for different atmospheric models, the LASER

program provides results for only one of the six standard input model atmospheres

(see Appendix B).

During the past seven years since our first publication of laser tranismission

models9, there have been numerous improvements in the molecular data base which

forms the foundation of these calculations. We cannot possibly specify each of

these improvements, but we have tried to keep the scientific community posted

A card deck for this computer program can be obtained by writing to theNational Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, N.C. 28301 for a chargeof $20. 00. The AFGL Atmospheric Absorption Line Parameters data tape re-quired as input data can also be obtained from the same address for a charge of$60.00.

6. Penndorf, F. (1956) Luminous and Spectral. Reflectance as Well as Colors ofNatural Objects, Geophysical Research Paper No. 44, AFCRC-'-IR-56-203.

,l9

] ,

WAVENUMBER (cm-1)

50,000 25,000 16,667 12,500 10,000 8,000 6,667

100 L 1

0.2 04 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

WAVELENGTH (um)

Figure 1. Molecular Scattering Coefficients atSTP

through meetings and publications in the open literature. 7 , Tihe results of these

improvements have been incorporated on the AFGL Atmospheric Absorption Line

Parameters Compilation and made available through the National Climatic Center

(see Section 1). Somie substantial modifications to previous results arising from

absorption line modifications have been made in the region between 3 and 4

imicrometers as a result of improvements in tid0 and methane line parameters.

These improvements are reflected in some of the results included in this report.

Thlere has been considerable controversy during the past two years regarding

the water vapor "continuum" absorption, particularly in the 8 to 14-pml region,

but also in the 3 to 5-9m region. As of this writing, existing laboratory measure-

ments have been analyzed thoroughly; the resulting coefficients described here

have been included in all results and in Appendix B where the LASER computer

code is presented.

7. Roehiman, L. S., and MeClatchey, IR.A. (0976) Updating of the AFCRL A.tmos-paeric Absorption Line Parameters Compilation, Applied Opt. 15:2616.

8. Rothman, L. S. (1977) Atmospheric Optics, OSA Technical Group Meeting,Tucson, 19 October 1976, Applied Opt. 16(No.2):277.

10

3.

The absorption coefficient per precipital centimeter of water vapor is given

in Eq. (3).

km ( -- Cs(,', T) P + CN(r. T) P (3)II (Cont.) . S N

where Cs (i, T) is a self-broadening coefficient due to collisions of water molecules

with other water molecales; CN(i. T) is a nitrogen broadening coefficient due to

collisions of water molecules with air (primarily nitrogen) molecules; P is the

partial pressure (in atmospheres) of water vapor, and ?N is the partial pressure

of the remainder of the atmosphere (primarily nitrogen). It is necessary to

establish the C. and the CN quantities and their frequency and temperature depen-

dence in both the 8 to 14- and 3 to 5-pin regions.

(i) The 8 to 14 micrometer continuum7 .

C(fr, T) = C (r,296) exp (1800 (

where C (r, 2096) = 4. 18 + 5578 exp (-7.87 X 10-3 )(pr. cm)0-1 atm-- and

CN( , T) = 0.002 X C s(,296)(pr. cm)-l attn-1

(ii) The 3.5-4.2 micrometer continuum8

C fi, T) = C (r, 296) exp 1350 - (pr. cm) 1 atin -

CN(r, T) = 0. 12 x Csr, T)

where the C s(,,, 29) values are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Self--Broadening Absorption Coefficients for Water Vapor Continuum(3. 3-4.2 pm)

, (err-1) (Csi', 296)(pr. em - l)(atm -1) 7K Ct(,',296)(pr. en- 1 )(atin 1)

2350 0.230 2700 0. 120

2400 0. 187 2750 0o 147

2450 0. 147 2800 0. 174

2500 0. 117 2850 0.200

2550 0.097 2900 0,240

2609 0.087 2950 0.280

2650 0. 100 3000 0. 330

11

i

Using these continuum functions and the atmospheric models described inSection 4. we have Figure 2 drawn to show the relative effects of the water vapor 4

continuum at 4 and 10 /m.

ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OUE TOWATER VAPOR CONTINUUM

0.400 F

Tropical0.300 IO.6m (P 20)

E M0.200

0.100 SW MW .

r USTID

0.0 o I I0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0

PH20 (mb)

Figure 2. Absorption Coefficient Due to WaterVapor Continuum for Standard Meteorologicaliviodels: MS = Midlatitude Summer; SS Sub-arctic Summer; US STD = U.S. Standard Atmos-phere, 1962; MW = Midlatitude Winter; SW=ubarctic Winter (see Table 5)

In addition to the more or less continuous absorption due to water vapor as

described, there is another quasi-continuous absorption feature due to molecular

absorption by the nitrogen molecule centered near 4.3 pm (2350 crn 1 ). In the

spectral region from 2400 cm to about 2800 cm 1, this absorption feature is of

particular importance to laser transmission, as it tends to provide a background

transmission level for paths in the lower atmosphere regardless of the presence

or absence of absorption lines and regardless of how dry the atmosphere may be.

It is of little importance at frequencies smaller than 2400 cm due to the over-

wnelnhng absorption by atmospheric carbon dioxide. Figure 3 represents the

12

WAVELENGTH (tim)47 46 4.5 44 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3?7

10-4

10 -

io-I

o0-?2100 2300 2500 ZUU

WAVENUMBERS (c-ir)

Figure 3. Absorption Coefficient Due to the Pres-sure -Induced Nitrogen Band at 4. 3 Am

Sabsorption coefficient as a function of frequency for this nitrogen absorption as

contained in the LASER computer program in Appendix B.In addition to these "continuum absorption" features, there is another issue

accounting for much of the uncertainty due to molecular absorption in laser extinc-

tion computations. The problem is related to an accurate description of absorption

line wings beyond 10 or 20 cm from absorption line centers. Indeed, in some

cases uncertainties begin to arise within only a few wavenumbers of the centers of

absorption lines. In our calculations and in the L&SER program, we have trun-

cated all line winls at 20 cm from line centers. In the lower atmosphere, all

lines have been assumed to follow the Lorentz line profile, except that carbon

dioxide lines have been modified by multiplichtion by the x factor given in Table 2.

This factor arises from analysis of measurements made by Burch et al. Meas-

urements of Long et a11 0 and others provide evidence that water vapor lines should

9. Burch, D. E. (1970) Semiannual Technical Report, InvestiAtion of the Absorp-tion of Infrared Radiation by Atmospheric Gases, U-4

10. Long, R. K., Mills, F. S., and Trusty, G. L. (1973) Experimental AbsorptionCoefficients for Eleven CO Laser Lines, RADC-TR7 3 7 .

13-

Table 2. The "x" Factor Modification to the Lorentz LineProfile for CO2 Lines

V - V0 X V- 0 X

0 1.0 1.5 0.50

0.5 1.0 2.0 0.41

0.6 0.96 2.5 0.34

0.7 0.89 3.0 0.31

0.8 0.82 5.0 0.29

0.9 0.77 8.0 0.23

1.0 0.70 10.0 0. 19

1.2 0.60 15.0 0.00

be represented by some "super-Lorentz" function, but as of the present, this re-

mains one of the major unresolved problems of molecular spectroscopy. In any

event, in regions where extinction coefficients are small, the contributions of line

wings will be small and the empirically derived continua described here will dom-

inate the molecular absorption between absorption lines. in spectral regions

where line wings are more significant, the total extinction will be large, so the

uncertainty in extinction coefficient will increase. However, in most cases, the

existence of large extinction coefficients for atmospheric propagation will reduce

the interest in developing systems operating at these wavelengths in the first place.

In the interest of developing a consistent set of AFGL Atmospheric Transmis-

sion Models, the continuum absorption for water vapor and nitrogen described in

the preceding paragraphs is identical to the continuum models used in the most

recent LOWTRAN model (LOWTRAN 3B). 11 This is possible in the case of the

continuum absorption as it is fundamentally described by slowly varying (low

resolution) functions.

3. AEROSOL EXTINCTION

Aerosols produce yet another rather continuous or slowly varying set of

extinction coefficients throughout the visible and infrared spectral regions. Al-

though there are some spectral features associated with aerosol extinction, this

11. Selby, J.E.A., Shettle, E.P. and McClatchey, R.A. (1976) AtmosphericTransmittance from 0.25 to 28.5 um: Supplement LOWTHAN 3B (1976),AFGrL-Tl-76-0258, ERP 587.

14

I-

interaction of radiation with solid particles always generates smoother spectral

features than those resulting from gaseous absorption.

Throughout most of the visible and near infrared, it is the scattering coeffi-

cient due to aerosols which is most significant. At longer wavelengths, absorption

by aerosols contributes significantly to the total extinction as well.

In general, it is necessary to know (or measure) two different quantities in

order to describe adequately the aerosol extinction in the atmosphere: We must

know the complex index of refraction of the particles; and we must know the par-ticle size distr'ibution (that is, the number of particles within a given size range

for all particle sizes that might affect the extinction of radiation of the wavelength

in question). A knowledge of these two quantities is sufficient if the assumption

of spherical particles is valid. We also must know these two quantities as a func-

tion of position along the atmospheric path in question. Even if we can assume

horizontal homogeneity, we must define the vertical variation of these quantities

for anything other than a horizontal path. Given this information and assuming

spherical particles, we can apply Mie theory calculations to the aerosol models

and aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients can be computed.

The difficulty is that we usually do not have the necessary aerosol measure-

nr-ents available for the atmospheric path in question. In fact, generally, we don't

have any kind of statistical base of aerosol measurements available for a given

site. So, we need to develop some reasonable models based on all available meas-

urements and then learn when these might be valid for an arbitrary atmospheric

path.

Efforts h, ve been made to do just this and much of the experimental data and

analysis leading to such models can be examined in two reports by Shettle and12, 13Venn. A description of some of these models is also available in the

LOWTRAN 3B report.

In the development of the LASER computer code, a subset of the aerosol 7?

models described in the three references has been used and will be described here.

The extinction coefficients (scattering and absorption separately) used in the LASER

program are given in Table 3 for each of the following models: Rural, Urban,

Maritime, Tropospheric, Background Stratospheric, Aged Volcanic and Meteoric

Dust. The first three of these models are intended to be strictly boundary layer

models and may be applied only to the lowest 1 to 2 km. The third (Tropospheric)

model may also be applied to the boundary layer under extremely clear continental

conditions. The Background Stratospheric and Aged Volcanic provide a range of

212. Shettle, E.P., and Fnnn, R.W. (1976) Models of the Atmospheric Aerosols iand Their Optical Properties, AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 183,Optical Propagation in the Atmosphere, pp. 2. 1-2. 16.

13. Shettle, E.P., and Fenn, R.W. (1978) Models of the Atmospheric Aerosolsand Their Optical Properties (to be published).

15

I-r

Table 3a. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction - Rural(Normalized to an Extinction Coefficient =1. 00 Ian 1- at a Wavelength - 0. 55 UM)

.200 2.419E+00 1. 916E 0 0 5.829E-01,.250 2. 087(406 1.A56Et+S0 P.SIV E-0t..300 l.A 06E*O00 1.6?3E406 i. 335E-61

.i .63%#E+00 I.SS7E*6O 9.S2OE-02.5.00 1.395.E+00 1.311(400 8.337E-02.48.8 1. 139E+00 1.066E+00 7.050E-62.515 1.076E400 1.U008E+00 6.7%SE-62.550 i.Q0E+0U 9.36FF-Si 6.928E-02.633 8.9516E-01 ?.SOOE-0I. 6.159E-02.694 7.6 36E-Cat ?.C23E-01 6. 129E-fl.860 5.792E-0i 5.122E-01 6.694E-C2

1.060 4.480E-01 3.802E-01 6.775E-021.300 3.322E-01 2.697E-01 6.28.YE-02

1.53b 2.64SE-Oi 2.057E-01 5.9OTE-02

1.800 j.9?flF-qj 1.1535E-01Oh3EO2.000 i.588E-61 1.312E-01 2.763E-022.250a 1.429E-01 1.18.0E-0i 2.69%E-C22.500 i.309F-0l l.01E-fli 2.93?E-022.700 1.439E-01 7.83SF-02 6.5159-0l?3.600 i.'03E-01 8.330F-C? 3.696E02Z3.200 1.139F-Di 9.339F-02 2.046E-0:23.392 I.123E-0t S.251E-C2 1.9VSM-0243.500 IiA18E-Ui 9.598F-02? 1.53E-C23.7150 1.07SF-Ut 9.394EF-02 1.315Ff-U?

4.000 1.O47F-Oi 9.O0iE-02 i.8.65F-C24.1500 1.0 23E-0i 89.CIIE-C 2 2.219E-025.000 9.705E-02 7.672E-02 2.0343E-02

5.S00 9.159F-Ul 63.CS4E-02 2.45S5E-026.000 8.791F-02 5.8?OE-02 Z.921E-026.200 8.1309E-92 5.696E-02 3.11SF-0?6.500 8.R42E-02 '5.488E-02 3.354E-92

7.200 9.q29E-U2 5.216E-02 4.7131E-027.900 6.978F-02 3.074E-02 3.504E-028.200 6.450E-02 1.340F-02 S5.iIOE-028.500 1.126E-01 3.319E-02 7.937E-02

8.700 i.162E-Oi 5.4197F-02 7.12SF-OP9.000 1.!S7E-O01 5.719E-02 7.649E-029,200 1.'+0±E-0t 5.289E-07 8.719F-C?

9. Sf3 1.1 84E-01 5-477F-02 6.35SF-OP9.80ý()0 1.10SF-Ut 15. 774F -02 5.26SF-C?10.000 1.n85F-Ot 5.72?E-C? 5.173F-OP

10.591 1.00SF-9t 13.749E-02 l.3'11E-0211.000 RJ.TSF9-02 5.q7?fE-0Z 3.69IE-02111.5t00 9.107F-02 5.823E-U2 3.IASF-OP12.1300 8.r,39F-I? 5.37OW-0? 3.25Fig-0?13 .000 3.474F-92 5.164E-02 3.310E-0214.000g 8.140F-02 4.733E-02 34.0FF-C?14.1100 7.78tF-U? 3.926E-C? 5.85SF-0?15.000 Pk.654F-02 3.376F-02 5.27SF-OPS15.400 It. 760E- 02 4.353F-0Z 4.407E-02

17.?00 4,.369E-02 i..SIZE-0? 4.807FTE0218.009 ý. *2F-fJP 4.49SF-OZ it. 3AE-0?15.500n 8.1'62E-02 4.27SF-C? 4.21%6E-0220.0n0 9.032F-Q? 4.17SF-OP 4.857F-C?221.300 8.;47F-02 3.988F-02 4.959E-0222.500 6.739F-92 3 b83F- 02 4.85SF-OP

V.25. 000 8.'42F-0? 3. 505F-0OP 4.737E-02

27.900 T.5109F-0? 3.09SF-02 4.713E-02P,.0.1100 7.6-24E-02 2 .807F-02 4.817E-02

35.000 7.486F-02 2.tEiF-02 4.88SF-C?

4.0. (100 7,.?M3F-O2 2.3tIi-02 4.972F-02

Table 3b. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction - Urba~n(Normalized to an Extinction Coetficient 1. 00 I= I at a Wavelength = 0. 55 Mm)

?200 1. 64V4-00 1.287F+00 EflhlF-01.2530 1.798F+00 1.251F+00 '5.'.T'E-01.310 1.r33E400 1u54E+00 4.7q2E-0i.337 1.9;07E+00 1.065E+00 4.AI7E-0t.'.00 1.321F*110 t t7IE-SIi 4.036E-01.488 i.116E+00 7.5b76-01 3.'5QIE-O1.515 1..065E4f90 7.1676-01 3. 414%E -0i.5970 tqOOOE+IO 6.65?E-01 3.3416-01.633 t6.7 32F.- 01 5. 706F- 11 3.0?76-01.694 7.Q766-01 15.110E-01 2.8666E-01

.8063f4E-01 3.8286-01 2.15456-011'0'66 S:.15 2E- 01 ?.896F-01 2.;!96E- a11.300 4.0995-01 7.131-01 1.964E6-011.536 3.423E-01 1..6 70F- 01 1.7536-011.R00 2.P26E-1 132-01 1.574F-012.000 ?.46AE-91 1.12qE-Ot 1.3ig6-012. ?90 2.?24E-01, 9.833E-02 i. 2ti0-012.500 2.032E-01 8.75AE-02 1.197E-012.700 2.016F-01 7.286E-02 1.2886-013.000 1.7q6F-0j 7.2096-02 1.075E-013.200 1.692E-01 7.572F-02 9.346E-023.392 1.63SE-01 7.383E-02 8.966E-023.S00 1.6116-01 7.5006-02 8.610E-023.750 1.5;326-01. 7.258E-02 98.063E-024.(100 1.46M6-01 6.93qE-Q2 7.739E-024.500 1.369F-aO ' G.2 20E -0 1 7.471.6-f55.000 1.P72E-01 5.9006-02 6.8?4E-1025.500 i.'006-01 5.386E-02 6.613F-026.000 1.1246-01 4.767E-02 6.4.72C-026.200 1.113F-91 4.634.E-02 6.4.92E-026.500 1.0891E-01 4.496F-02 6.393E-027.200 1.106F-01 4.27V6-02 6.764E6-027.900 9.148E-02 3.11ME-02 6.0306-028.200 8.759F-0? 2.'199E-02 6.5606-028.500 1...1i2F-01 3.205E-02 7.9166E-q28.700 t. 173F-01I 4.3186-02 7.1.166-02 1

9.000o 1.202F-01. 4.414E-02 7.6106-029r200 1.?27f.-01 4.1IBM- 02 a.0Uq06-029.500 1.1066-01 4.262E-02 6.802E-029.600 1.0566-01 %4.100E-02 6.161E-02

to. 00D 1.0406-01. 4.36S6-02 6.037E-0210.591 9.843E-02 4.3506-02 5.1.936-02311. 000 9.488F-02 4. 448E- 02 5.01#06-0211.500 9.192E-02 4.3506-02 4-5421E-021.2.500 8.6676-02 4.083E-02 4.604E6-0213.600 8.523E-02 3.9616-02 4.562E-0214.000 8.1896-02 3. 713E -02 4. 766-021.4.800 7.c196E-02 3.2?56-02 4.621E-0215.000 tt.3216E-02 2. 98[E- 02 S.3-36E- 0216.406 a .20O86-62 3.1.576-02 it.751E-0217.200 8.4356-112 3.524E-02 4.911E-0218.000 8.094E6-2 3.4996-02 4.5956-6216.500 7.851E-02 3.3r6E-02 4.5056-0270.000 7r.969E- 02 3.296E-02 A..641E-0221.300 7.846E-02 3.174E-02 4.672E-0222.500 7.6516-62 3.099E-02 4.552E-0225. 000 7.2 3S6-02 2.861E-02 F4. 374E-0227.900 6.8476-02 2.6016-02 4.2466-0230.000 6.6486-82 2.%22E-02 4.2266-0235.009 6.3666-02o21z1 4.11M6-024.0.000 6.0656-02 2.0376-02 4.I28E-02

17l

Table 3c. Attenuation Coefficients Ilesulting from Aerosol Extinction - Maritime(Normalized to an Extinction Coefficient 1. 00 Ian-1 at a Wavelength = 0. 55 pm)

.200 I.3IM8V"0O 1. 18SME*00 1. 3 GE-0l?Flo 1.'ý35E+400 l.1BIEtoo 5 .iu7lE- 02.300 1.1 70E+00 1. 142E'0O 2.80KW-02.337 1 .1 341*0+ 0 1 . IlISEItCO0 i.8fl5BE- 02.40 t.UaT E 0O0 1 .0a6 3F+*a0 1.516E-02.488 1 . a2 6F+0 0 1.aO1%EI+-0O 1 . 2PE-02.915 1. 09F+0on 9.97r1-0at 1. 1 VE-02.550 t.8001*00o 9. 88!21-01 1.179E-02.6311 q.6551-01 q. 556F- 01 ). 960DE- 03.694 9 .4S%4E- 0t 9.3961-01 9. 79UE-0 3.860 9.1 21E-01 go9.03t-0U1 i.0&4E-02

l.0hO 8.'.0IF-Ot 8.682E-01 1.210E-021.360 8.406E-01. 9.296F-01 1.1181-021.536 a.0?iE-t1 7.951E-01 1.207E-021.e00 703261-01 7.534E-01 9.1801-032.000 7.297E-01 7.159E--01 t.3801-022.250 6.178E-01 6.777E-01 1.0621-02a.59;00 6.395E-91 6. 093E- 01 2.1251-022.700 5.x13E-01 4.399E-01 9.034E-623.000 6.599E-01, 3.2F11-01, 3.3281-013.200 6.' 021-01 4.594E-01 2.20I81-013.392 6.4711-01 15.6701-At 8.004-623.500 6.765E-01 5.8491-01 4.164E-02

3.70 5917-01 5.645E-01 1.7181-024.000 5.4 87F.-01 5.2899-01 1. 981ý- 024.500 4.94SE-01. 4.5201-01. 4,2h?F-fl?5.000 4.438E-91 4.072E-01 3.6601-025.500 3.752E-01 3.4311-01 3.2071-02b.000 3.4711-01 1.984E-01 1.1,881-016.200 4.334F-01 2.8866-011 114106.5601 3.61SE-01 2.879E-01 7.3871-027.200 3.0111-01 2.41SE-01 5.9651-02

72 572E-01 1.9881-01 5.8401E-02A8.200' ?:506E-01 1.869E-01 16. 3681-028.500 ?.1;60E-01 1A848E-01 7.1191-028.700 2.1011-01 1.996E-01 7. 051E11029.000 2.663E-01. 1.955E-01. 7.0851-029.200 2.80717-01 i.786E-01 7.2181-029.500 2.24RE-01 1.6091-01 6.397E-629.800 2.0611-01 1.439E-01 6.2?22-0210.000 1 .9 311-01 1.3071-01 6. 2#451-210.5931 1.634E-01 q.4411-02 6.893E-0211.000 1.5631-01 7.216E-02 6.415E-0211.500 1AI181-61 5.6521-02 1.0521-01.12.500 1.952E-01 %#.'23E-02 1.4901-6113.000 2.1141E-01 4s.8411-02 1.E291-0±14.000 2.334E-01 5.44&E-02 i149E-011I:.800 2.4 t2f-01 S. flCI- 02 1. 6321-ati15.000 2.4611E-01 5.950E-02 1.866E-0116.400 2.59451-61 6.689E-02 1.8761-8117.200 2.60&E-01 7.5tE-02 1. 81581-1i16.0flo 2.5561-01 7.611E-02 1.7951-0118.509 o 2.501E-81, 7.454E-02 1.752E-6120. 000 2.309E-01 7.033E-02 1.606E-0121.300 2.1601-0± FO.5 14E- C2 1 .50 91-0a22.506 2.n451-01 6. 121)-0C? i.433101l25.000 1.836E-81 5.3671-02 1.2991-01if27.966 1.659E-01 4.6111-62 1.1981-SI30.000 1.S321-01 46.0851-02 1.123E-01'35.80a 1.419E-01 3.106E-02 1.119E-11840.0001 1.5901-01 2.533E-02 1..336E-01

,Table 3d. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction-Tropospheric(Normalized to an Extinction Coefficient= 1.00 krn-1 at a Wavelength= 0. 55 pm)

.200 2.S45F+t0 2.036,E+00 5.090E-01

.250 2.1 8441E+000 1.966E+0o Z.18rE-01

.300 1..s 78E+ 00 1. 766F,,e 00 1.iIqE-Oi.337 1.690E+00 1.616E5+00 7.429E-02.400 1 .4 2QE*O00 1 .36SE " 00 6i 944E- 02.48 8 t.l15if.+00 1 .IO?+025a00 '.8M4F- 02

.515 t.182E+00 1.037E4.00 4.589E-02.550 1.000E-00 9.9i28E-0 1 , 4.716E-02.633 8. '. irF- 0t 7.9835E-O 3. 95RE-02.694 7.4 19F-01. 7.0ZeE-01 3.916E-02

60 5s.' 03s-oi 4.qrF-Ot 4.326E-0 21. 060 3.965F- 01 3..532E-0 1 4. 33-'E-0Z1.300 2.693E-01 2.3 13E- 01 3, 796E-0•1.536 1.9 485E-O 1.603F-01 3. #451E-02t.800 1.? lOi-Oi 9.904E-02 2.200E-022.000 7.8ASI-02 6.7h1F-02 1.Oq 2E-022.250 6.t5i-02 5.0055E-02 1.1465-02

2.500 4.1 54C-02 3.797F-02 1.,157E-022.700 6541tE-O? 2.650E-02 3.891E-O2

3.000 3.96"E-02 2.3945F-02 I. ScE-O03.700 3.,l27F-02 2.350-O-02 6.770E-033.392 2./78F-02 2.133F-0f2 6.4PO0-033.500 2.657E-02 ?. '45E- 02 '.830F-033.750 2.4•5O-02 1.838F-02 4 .OOE-034. 000 1.q9AIF_-02 1.564_-02 4.340F-034.5910 1.A60E-02 1.159F-0 2 7.010C-035 .000 1..4 72E- 0_ 8 . 490E-0 3 6.230E-035. 5o0 1.1416F-02 6. 110F-03 8.OqOE-036.-n00 1.451F-12 4.01.5F- 0 1.OAOE-n?6. ?00 1.062F-02 3.930F-03 1.t69E-02

6.500 1.r595-07 3. 3PE-03 1. 275E-027. 200 2.A30E-02 2. 94D0E-03 ?2U.f0E-027.900 i.q56F-02 5 .5 OO- ON 1.801E-028.200 .. 4-'46F- 0 2 1 .7 O0E- 04 2.9?95-32

8. 500 4. ý 63E-O 1. 21OF-03 4.84•7F-02,8.700 4.? 04F-02 7.505F-03 3.419E-029. 0oo 4.13qF-02 8 .4 ?OF-03 3O. 7FSOE-02q. 200 5.. 3Ž5-q?. .20 O5- 03 4. 815E-O?9. 500 3.1 845-0a? 4 .8 40F-03 ?. 700E--?9.P00 2 dA9-G-? to.?30F-03 I.966F-02

1.o,000 2.170E-02 3.75IF-03 t.q5E-0O2

jo. 1q 1.7 23F- 02 2. 7505- 03 1. 445F-0211. ago 1.143F-O? 2.350E-03 1. 1t8E-0211.SO0 1.ý'ir-f02 1 .9 6%F- 13 t1.02 7F-0•

12. 5 00 l. IOE-0? 1. 220F-03 9. 97 OE-0313 .000 1.1 405-o? 1 .040E-03 1.065E-D? .14. 0 00 1.1 :15F-0? 7.5 OF.-04' 1.076E-0214..00 1.43RF-02 4.90OF-04 i.3 9E-O? .15. 000 2.*20nF- 02 4.8OF-04 2.374E-02

16.40 6. E'56--0 6 o 0 0 -au 1 .IOfE-0217.200 1..7F0-OR 9. 20OF-04 1. 57PE-0218.0no 1.396r-02 7. 20OF-04 1.374F-02 "18 .500 1 .. O0E-02 5.600F-04 1 . 345E-0220. O00 1.r9IE--02 6. 1ih0-04 1. 53OF-0221,3n0 I ,665F-02 4.q0OE-04 I. 0.8IF-9222.500 1.I3fE-0 4.0OOOF-04 1.153E-92?51 UO 1.181F-02 2. 5OF-04 j.5';r;E-02?T. qoo90 1r-2E-Q2 I . 7,OF- 0 1.1t.0E-02 430.000 1.744F-12? 1.?03F-04 1.732E-0235.000 1.Z39)(-02 q. 0OOE-05 1.7'OE-O2No.0g0 1. 13F-0? 6o0oof-05 1.975(E-q?

19

!I

Table 3e. Attenuation Coefficients lResulting from Aerosol Extincflon -Background

Stratospheric (Normalized to an Extinction Coefficient =1. 00 km- at a Wavelength=0. 55 MM)

. 200 1.48717*00 1. 4877*00 0.

.250 1.553E+00 1.5537*00 0.

.300 1.r;515F+00 1. 555E+*60 0..331 1 .5 1 57*00 SISE *a() 0..400 1.3 76(.0+ Do to376E+00 0..488 1.1 501.+90 1.150E+00 0..515 1.0l871!+00 to.0877*00 0..550 1.0007.*00 1. O007*00 0..633 8.2 2fi-01 8.224E-01 0..694 7.0634-01i 7.063E-01t 0..860 4.6SSE-01t 4.685E-01 0.1.060 2.9 86l-01t 2.885E-01 0.1.300 1.6 %2E.-0 1.6427-01 2.0007E-051.5936 90~92E-02 9.972E-02 2.0107E-04.800n 5.R817-02 5.8M17E-02 6.#400E-042.000 4.1837-02 4. 055E- 02 1.2807E-032.2150 2.727E-92 2.570E-02 1. 576E-93Z. Soo 1.8497-02 1 .5607-02 2. 8907-032.700 i.734E-02 9.31GE-01 8#.030E-033.000 6.5 10F- 02 6. 320E- 03 5.878E-123.200 O.7TiE-02 6.0007-03 7.6TtE-02A3.392 8.927E-02 6.27M7-03 8.9600-073.500 8.540E-02 6.230E-03 7.91?E-023.750 6.52C67-12 5.1007-03 6.019t-024.000 5.794E-02 4.030E-03 5.39iE-02to.500a 4.761.7-02 2.4?07CI-9 4.5227-025.000 4.277F-02 1.4507-03 4.132E-025.50C 5.807E-02 1.0307-03 5.7047-0?6.000 5.3687-02 1.050E-03 5.263E-126.200 4.392E-02 8.8007-04 4.304E-026,500 3. 338E-02 5.5007O- 04 3. 283E-021.200 4.4567-02 1.9007-04 4.4377-1027.990 1.1877-at. 5.0007-04 1.182E-018.200 1.4717-01 7.7007-04 1.4637-018.500 1.45F7-01 9.500E-04 1.1,487-018.700 1.2747-01 9.600E,-04 1.264E-019.000 9.769E-92 7. 2 G7- 04 9.217E-029.200 8.780E-02 5.800E-04 8.722E-029.500 1.0 06E-01. 7 .1007- 04 9.9877-029.1100 7.323E-02 6-700E-04 7.2567-02

19.0Bo0 5.020E-02 4.9007-04 4. 971E-1210.511 4.9687-02 2.7007-04 4.0417-0211.000 5.736E-02 2.600E-04 13.7107-0211.500 3.575E-02 2.600E-04 3.549E-0212.1500 I.q7SE-02 1.300E-04 1.9627-0213.000 1.940E-02 1.0007-04 1.9307-0214.000 1.P67E-02 7.0007-05 1.860E-0214.800 1. 957-02 5.0007-05 1.890-0215.090 1.45IF-02 5.0007E-05 I.1.94ME-0216.400 3.6657-02 4 0O0E-05 3.6617-0217.2700 4.152F-02 5. 0007-05 l4.19477-02

18.000 2.1267-02 5 . 0 00 7 .. gr 2.321E-0216.500 1.7141E-02 4.9000-05 1.7107-02

I' 0. 006 1.3457-02 2.000E-05 1.343F-0221.300 1.r197-02 2.0007-05 t.f17E-0222.500 1.r32F-02 2.00OOE-05 1.S307-0225.000 8.370E-03 1.0007-05 8.3607-0327.900 6.8107-03 I..9007-05 6.8007-0330.000 6.1307-03 1.000E-05 6.3207-0335.009 5 .11007-03 0. 5.80CE07-340.000 5.9 217-03 0. 5.9Z07-03

20I

Table 3f. Attenuation Coefficients Resulting from Aerosol Extinction - AgedVoles nte (Normalized to an ]Extinction Coefficient = 1. 00 km 1 at a Wavelength

0.5U). 200 1 .149F+ 90 1.aOG6E-O01 4.4lR2E- 01

.250 1.tAIE+O 9.009E-01 ?.8at88-01

.300 1.t9?F+00 1. 079E+0 go 1.126E-01

.33F 1.1806F+00 i. 095E+00 8.497E-02

.400 l.i406+O0 1.0686+00 7.244E-02.4A8 1.163F+00 1.0036+00 5.962E-02.515 1.936E+00 9.799E-01 5.651E-02.5,;o i.Q0917+00 9.4,7IF-O1 5.271E-02.9533 9.1296E-01. 8.676E-01 451F0.694 8.487E-01 8.0796-01 4.0114E-021.860 6.987E-01 6.57OF-01 3.17B6-02

1.060 5.302F-81 507-1 2.452E-021.300 '3.M816-01. 3.693E-01 1.8816-02

j.-3 .7976-01 Z.640E-01 i.4i906-121.1900 1.96SE-01 1.8496-01 1.191E-022.0CC 1.455E-d1 1.353U-01 1.019E-022.250 t.1076-01 1.021t'-0l 8.E?0E-03

?.500 8.F.35F-02 7.792E-02 8.%306-032.700 7.1.55E-02 6.343E-02 6.420E-033.000 6.0756-02 5.126E-02 9.490E-033.200 5.t198E-02 4.262F-02 9.3606E-03

3.392 4.904E-02 3.7616-02 7.430E-033.500 4.089E-02 3.435E-02 6.540E-03

3.750 3.4016-02 2.913E-02 4.81%06-034.000 2.-43E-0J2 2.394E-02 3.4906-034.500 2.094E-0U2 1.?75E602 3.190-035.000 1.539E-02 1.204E-02 3.350E-035.500 1.?265E-02 8.6906-03 3.969E-036.000 1.0216-02 5.700E-03 4.5106-036.200 9.920E-03 4.6706-03 5.2506-036.500 1.0436-02 3.780E-03 6.699E-037. 200 i.362E-02! 2.5006-03 1.1126-02v goo j.77886E-02 I.360E-03 1.E'526-02

R .200, 2.?79F-1? 9.900a6-04 2.11806-028.500 2 .45E-02 2.5706-03 2.218E-023.700 2.919E-02 4.810E-01 2.438E-02

9.000 3.106E-92 6.0206-03 2.506E-029.200 3.2316-812 5.7306-03 2.E586-629.500 3.3896-02 5.I8OOV03 2.8V16-02

9.0 3.454E-12 4.750E-03 2.979E-02

10.80008 3.458E-02 4.490E-03 3.019E-0210.591. 3.1.81E-02 3.220F603 2.859E-0211. 000 2.771E-02 z.aOaE-03 2.5116-0211.500 2.473E-02 1.9106-03 2.2192-1212.500 1.7136-02 9.0006-0% 1.623E-0213.000 1.6016-02 7.1006-04 1.53CC-U?14,000 1,4936-02 4.60060O% 1.4%76-0214.860 1.5656-02 3.3006-04 1.5326-0215.000 1.66YE-02 3.2006-01i 1.E356-02

16401.648E-82 2.M806-004 1.620E.-62

17.200 1.7356-02 2.9006-04# 1.706E-0218.006 1.8516-02 3.1006-04, 1.8266-0218.500 1.772E-02 3.1006-04 1.741E-0220.000 1.416C6-2 2.6006-04 1.390E-0221.300 i.0776-02 2.300E-04 1.56544E-02P2.500 1.2i-2 2.0006-04 1.0-025.000 1.052E-02 1. 4006- 04 1.03S6-02

27.900 1.0806-02 8.086B-05 1.072E-0230. 000 1.130E-92 6.0006-65 1.124E-0235.000 i.1956-02 3.0006-05 1.192E-0240.000 1.3306-02 2.0066-05 1.328E-02

21

Table 3g. Attenuation Coefficients resulting from Aerosol Extinction - MeteoricDust (Normalized to an Extinction Coefficient =1. 00 1cm 1 at a Wavelength. 0. 5 5 m)

. 200 1.flSOE+QOO t.0a5O +0 a 6.3005E-04.201.flSAS.00 1.05TF+00 9. 9fl0- 04

.300 1 .,nl59r+Q on I.05TE+ 00a 1.5?or- 03.337 1.n535400 1.0515+00 I1a8105-03.400 1.0 43'r+ U 1.04ir + 00 2.E8DOE- 03.468 1 .020F+400 1 .O0ISF tOnO 3.F705-03.519 1 .912E+ 00 1 .0075 #00 4. 3IOE-03.5550 1 .00OF*0on 9. 9495-01 S.0605-03.633 9 .723E-01 9 .65T5-01 6.64.05-03.694 9 .4 95E- 01 9. 416E- 01 7. 9305-03.860 o A77fl-01 S. 756F-0 1 1 .212F-02

1. 060 a M.1 46F-9I 7.9635-01 1. 3? T- U2t. 300 7. 329E- 01 7.05?E-01 2.71SE-021.536 6.6 09F- Al 6.2 33F- 01 3. 725E-021.800 5.q895-01 5.390E-01 4.A96E-02Z.0(00 5.4385E-01 4.822F-01 6.161E-02?. ?50 4.qj4p-Q1 4.1605-01 7.539E-022.500 4.468E-01 3.574E-01 8.943E-022.700 4.1 675-01 1.*162E-01 i. 0055-013-. 000 3. P065i- 01 2.645E-91 1. 115 i-0 t3.200 3 .6 215E-01 2.367F-01 1.294E-013.392 3 .4785E-01t %IF47- 01 1. 331E-013. 900 3.4105-01 2.0 42E-01t 1. 3065- 0 13.750 3.P805-01 1.8 45E- 01 1.435E-014.0 coo?-0 1.700F- 0 1 1.47?E-0t11.500 2.q72E-01 I . 5o09-fIt 1.4635-015.000 2.751E-01 1.3785-01 1.373F-01

S. 00g ?a095l-01 1.262E-0± 1.2465E-01

6.0coo 2.76?F-01 1.1h4E-01 1.1185-01S. 2 00 2.1 66E-01 1 .094E-01 1.0715-016.500 2.0255-01 1.018E-01 1.0085-017.200 1 .7275-01 8 . 2E4E-02 9. 004F-027.900 1.4915-01 6.1705-02 S. 7375E-0 28.200 1 .4 241E- 01 15 .237E- 02 8.999E-028.500 1.3945-01 4. 326E- 02 9.6185-028.700 1.4085-01 3.7755-02 1. 0 3 t- 0l9.000 1.5065-01 3.1515-02 1.191E-019.200 1.6405-0i 2.962E-32 1.4509.500 1.Q.q45-01 3.1295-02 1.E31E-019.800 2.?525-01 3 .6975- 02 1.882E-01

10.6000 ?.3615-01 4.059F-02 1.9555-0110.591 2.4485-01 4.3855E-02 2.0105-01t1. 000 2.779E-41 5.?9fiF-02 2. 21,E-9111.500 2.5075-01 6.6575-02 1.a42E-0112.500 1.9275-St 5.9965-02 9 .28 2E-0213.000 1.3165-01 5.064E-02 6.0765-0214.000 1.14.41-01 3.96&E-02 7.476E-0214.601 9.66035-62 2.937E-02 6.6665E-0215. 000 9.456E-02 2.633E-02 6.8235-0216.400 1.4585-01 2.21155-02 1.233E-0117.200 1.2!37E-01 1.0225-02 1.0555-0118.000 1.5605-01 1.7675-02 1. R3E3- It16.500 1.8355-01 2.1675-02 1.618E-0120.000 1.684E-01 2.8865-02 1. 3055-0121.300 1.21gE-01 2.3565-02 9.636E-0222.500 1.727F-01 1.184TEr-0 1.043E-0125.606 1.2925-01 2.1395-02 1.0585-fit2F.908 9.600E-02 1.851E-02 74.%9E-02

30.060 8.5141E-02 1.7835-62 6.7585-0235.000 5.0555-02 1.360E-02 s.eq1SE-e240.000 4.109F-02 8.6455E-SI 3.245E-02

2' 22

extinction for the stratosphere. Currently, conditions are similar to the Back-

ground Stratospheric, although the eruption of new major volcanos could change

this. The volcanic stratospheric model should be used to represent the strato-

sphere during the late 1960's and early 1970's. The meteoric dust model is in-

tended to be used only above 30 kin.

The question of when to apply the three boundary layer models remains some-

what ambiguous and requires some judgment. Some rules-of -thumb follow:

(1) Relatively clear, continental air having a trajectory from relatively unpolluted

land areas should usually be represented by the Rural model. (2) The Urban

model should be used not only in urban areas under rather stagnant, stable weather

conditions, but may also be used in regions where the trajectory of the prevailing

air inase indicates an urban origin. (3) The Maritime model should be used not

only over the oceans, but also over land areas where the trajectory is obviously

maritime.

The LASER program has been set up using the Rural model in the lowest 2 kin,

but results for a sea-level path are also provided for any input laser wavelength

for the Urban, Maritime, and Tropospheric models.

Table 4 has been constructed based on extinction coefficient and number '!znsit

measurements of aerosols as a function of altitude. This table constitutes c se, jes

of scaling factoro which, when multiplied by the scattering and absorption coefti-

dents of Table 3, give the scattering and absorption coefficients as a function of

altitude. The work of Shettle and Fenn12, 13 provide many more models than could

be accommodated in the LASER code, so here we have limited these to a "Clear"

and a 'Hazy" model which at sea level relates to a meteorological range of 50 knm

and 5 krn, respectively. Aside from the options available for the boundary layer,

the L-ASERA program divides the atmosphere in the vertical into four general regions

and uses the extinction coefficients in the "Clear" and "Hazy atmospheric aerosol

models as indicated in Table 4. If the extinction coefficient for other than 50- or

5-kmn meteorological range is required, a linear interpolation will provide a rea-

sonable estimate.

23

Table 4. Scaling Factors Representing Vertical Distributions ofAerosol Extinction

Height Clear HIazy

0.0 6.95E-2 7.57E-1

1.0 2.38E-2 7. 57E-1Uses Rural Extinction

2.0 0.70CE-S 6.2 lE-2 Coefficients

3.0 8. 19E-3 3. 46E-2

4.0 6. 43E-3 1. 85E-2

5.0 4. 85E-3 9. 30E-3

6.0 3.54E-3 7.7 1E-3

7.0 2, 30E-3 6. 22E-3

8.0 1. 41E-3 3. 36E-39.0 9. 80E-4 1. 81E-3 Uses Tropospheric Extinction

Coefficients10.0 7. 87E-4 1. 85E-3

11.0 7. 14E-4 2. lIE-3

12.0 6.63E-4 2.45E-3

13.0 6. 22E-4 2. 80E-3

14.0 G. 45E-4 2. 89E-3

15.0 6.43E-4 2. 92E-3

16.0 6.41E-4 2.74E-3

17.0 6.01E-4 2.46E-3

18.0 5. 63E-4 2. 0E-3

16.0 4. 92E-4 1.7 1E-3Uses Background Stratospheric

2 0.0 4.23E -4 1.35E-3 Extinction Coefficients for

21.0 3. 52E-4 1. 09E-3 "CLEAR" and Aged VolcanicExtinction Coefficients for

22.0 2. 96E-4 8.60E-4 "HAZY"23.0 2.42E-4 6. 60E-4

24.0 1. 90E-I 5. 15E-4

25.0 1. 50E-4 4. IOE-4

30.0 3. 32E-5 7. 60E-5

35.0 1. 65E-5 2. 45E-5

40.0 8. OOE-6 8. OOE-6

45. 0 4. 02E-6 4. 02E-6

50, 0 2. 10E-6 2. 10E-6 Uses Meteoric Dust Extinction

70.0 1. 60E-7 1. 60E-7 Coefficients

100.0 9.30E-10 9. 30E-10

24

,1. ATMOSPHIERI MODELS

The atmospheric models used in the LASER computer code have been de-

scribed by MeClatchey et a11 4 and the six standard models of temperature, pres-

sure, water vapor and ozone distributions as a function of height are included

here in Table 6. A number of additional gases of importance to the computation

of molecular absorption have been assumed to be uniformly nixed by volume in

the atmosphere at the concentrations given in Table 5. If the user of the LASERcomputer code is interested in performing an extinction coefficient calculation

for an atmospheric model differing from the six models provided as input, he may

simply substitute an alternative set of input data for any one of the models, being

careful to use the same units for all quantities. The aerosol models have been

described in Section 3 and the reader is referred to References 12 ad 13 for a

more thorough discussion.

Table 5. Concentrations of Uniformly Mixed Gases

Constituent Concentration (ppm V)

CO 2 330

N20 0.28

CO 0.075

CH4 1.6

02 2. 095 x 105

7. 808 x 105N2

14. McClatchey, R.A., Fenn, R.W., Selby, J.E.A., Volz, F.E., and Garing,. S. (1972) Optical Properties of the Atmosphere (Third Edition), AFCRL-

72-0497, EB No, 411.

25

Table 6. Model Atmospheres Used as a Basis of the Computation ofAtmospheric Optical Properties

TROPICAL

Ht. Pressure Temp. Densi y Water Vapor Ozong(kin) (mb) (OK) (gfm3 ) (g/r 3 ) (gfn,

0 1, 013E+03 300.0 1. 167E+03 1.9E+01 5.6E-05

1 9.040E+09 294. C 1. 064E+03 1.3E+01 5.6F-052 8. 050E+02 288.0 9. 689E+02 9.3E+00 5. 4E-05

3 7. 150E+02 284.0 8. 756E+02 4. 7E+00 5. lE-05

4 6,330E+02 277-0 7.95 IE+02 2. 2E+00 4.7E-O55 5. 590E+02 270. 0 7. 199E+02 1. 5E+00 4.5E-05

6 4. 920E+02 264.0 6.501E+02 8.5E-01 4.3E-05

7 4.32 L6J.,2 257.0 5.855E+02 4.7E-01 4. 1E-05

8 3.7 2 250.0 5. 258E+02 2. 5E-01 3. 9E-o59 3. 2w,- .02 244.0 4. 708E+02 1. 2E-01 3. 9E-05

10 2. 860E+02 237.0 4. 202E+02 5. OE-02 3. 9E-05

11 2. 470JE+02 230. 0 3. 740E+02 1. 7E-02 4. IE-05

12 2. 130E+02 224.0 3.316E+02 6.OE-03 4.3E-05

13 1. 820E+02 2 17.0 2.929E+02 1. 8E-03 4.5E-05

14 1.560E+02 210.0 2. 578E+02 I. OE-03 4. 5E-05

15 r. 320E+02 204.0 2. 260E+02 7.66E-04 4.7R2-05

16 1. 110E+02 197.0 1.972E+02 6.4E-04 4.7E-05

17 9. 370E+01 195.0 1. 676E+02 5. 6E-04 6.9E-05

18 7. 890E+01 199.0 1. 382E+02 5. OE-04 9. 0E-05

19 6. 660E+01 203.0 1. 145E+02 4. 9E-04 1. 4E-0420 E. 650E+01 207.0 9. 515E+01 4.5E-04 1. 9E2-04

21 4.800E+01 211.0 7.938E+01 5. IE-04 2.44E-04

22 4.090L,+01 215.0 6.645E+01 5. IE-04 2.822-04

23 3. 500E+01 217.0 5.61813+01 5.4E-04 3.222-0424 3. 000E+01 219.0 4.763E+01 6.0E-04 3.44E-04

25 2. 570E+01 221.0 4.045E-401 6.7E-04 3.4.-0430 1.220E+01 232.0 1.831E+01 3.6E-04 2.44E-04

35 6.0002E+00 243.0 8.600E+00 1. 1E-04 9.2E-05

40 3.050E+00 254.0 4. 181E+00 4.3E-05 4.1IE-05

45 1. 590E+00 265.0 2. 097F+00 1.9E-05 1. 3E-0550 8. 5402 -01 270.0 1. 101E+OC 6.3E-06 4.3E-06

70 5. 7"90E -02 219.0 9.2 10E-02 1. 4E-07 8.6E-08

100 3.OOOE-04 210.0 5.0002E-04 1.0E -09 4.3E -11

26

Table 6. Model Atmospheres Used as a Basis of the Computation ofAtmospheric Optical Properties (Cont.)

MIDLATITUDE SUMMER

Ht. Pressure Temp. Density Water Vapor Ozon©(kmn) (rob) (OK) (g/mv) (g/mn3) (gjms)

0 1. 013E+03 294.0 1. 191E+03 1. 4E+0 1 6.0E-05

1 9,020E+02 290.0 1.080E+03 9.3E+00 6.OE-05

2 8.020E+02 285.0 9.757E+02 5.9E+00 6.OE-05

3 7, 100E+02 279.0 8. 846E+02 3.3E÷00 6.2E-05

4 6. 280E+02 273.0 7. 998E+02 1. 9E+00 6.4E-055 5.540E+02 267.0 7.2 11E+02 1. OE+00 6.6E-05

6 4. 870E+02 261.0 6. 487E+02 6. IE-01 6.9E-05

7 4.260E+02 255.0 5.830E+02 3.7E--01 7.5E-05

8 3. 720E+02 248.0 5. 225E+02 2. IE-01 7.9E-05

9 3. 240E+02 242.0 4.669E+02 1.2E-01 8.6E-05

i0 2.810E+02 235.0 4.159E+02 6.4E-02 9.OE-05

2.430E+02 229.0 3.693E+02 2.2E-02 1.1E-04

12 2.090E+02 222.0 3. 269E+02 6.OE-03 1. 2E-04

13 1. 790E+02 216.0 2. 882E+02 1. 8E-03 1. 5E-04

14 1.6 30E+02 216.0 2. 464E+02 1. OE-03 1. 8E-04

15 1.300E+02 216.0 2. 104E+02 7.6E-04 1. 9E-04

16 1. 1 OE+02 216.0 1. 797E+02 6. 4E-04 2, IE-04

17 9.500E+01 216.0 1. 535E+02 5. 6E-04 2.4E-04

18 8. 120E+01 216.0 I. 305E+02 5.0E-04 2.8E-04

19 6. 950E+01 217.0 1. 110E+02 4.9E-04 3. 2E-04

20 5. IE+01 218.0 9.453E+01 4. 5E-04 3.4E-04

21 5. iuuE+0l 219.0 8.056E+01 5. IF-04 3. 6E-04

22 4. 370E+01 220.0 6. 872E+01 5. 1E-04 3. 6E-04

23 3. 760E+01 222.0 5. 867E+01 5.4E-04 3.4E-04

24 3. 220E+01 223.0 5. 014E+01 6. OE-04 3. 2E-04

25 2.770E+01 224.0 4.288E+01 6. 7E-04 3.OE-04

30 1. 320E+01 234.0 1. 322E+01 3. 6E-04 2,. OE-04

35 6. 520E+00 245.0 6. 519E+00 1. IE-04 9.2E-05

40 3.33hE+00 258.0 3. 330E+00 4.3E-05 4. IE-05

45 1.760E+00 270.0 1. 757E+00 1. OE-05 1. 3E-05

50 9. 510E-01 276.0 9. 512E-01 6. 3E-06 4.3E-06

70 4i, 7 1OE-02 218.0 6. 706E-02 1. 4E-07 8.6E-08

100 3. OOOE-04 210.0 5. 000E -04 1. OE-09 4. 3E- 11

27

II

Table 6. Model Atmospheres Used as a Basis of the Computation ofAtmospheric Optical Properties (Cont.)

MIDLATITUDE WINTER

Ht. Pressure Temp. Densijy Water Vjpor Ozone(kn) (nab) (OK) (g/m') (g/ma) (g/m3)

0 1. 018E+03 272.2 1. 301E+03 3.5E+00 6.0E-05

1 8.973E4,02 268. 7 1. 162E+03 2.5E+00 5.4E-05

2 7. 897E+02 265.2 1. 037E+03 1.8E+00 4.9E-05

3 6.938E+02 261.7 9.230E+02 1. 2E+00 4.9E-05

4 6. 081E÷02 255.7 8. 282E+02 6.6 E-01 4.9E-05

5 5. 313E+02 249.7 7.411E+02 3.8E-01 5.8E-05

6 4, 627E+02 243.7 6. 614E+02 2. -E-01 6.4E-05

7 4. 016E+02 237.7 5. 886E+02 8. 5E-02 7.7E-05

8 3. 473E+02 231.7 5. 222E+02 3.5E-02 9. OE-05

9 2. 992E402 225.7 4.619E+02 1. 6E-02 1. 2E-04

10 2.568E+02 219,7 4.072E+02 7.5E-03 1.6E.-04

11 2. 199E+02 219.2 3.496E+02 6.9E-03 2. 1E-04

12 1. 882E+02 218.7 2. 999E+02 6.OE-03 2. 6E-04

13 1, 6 10B+02 218.2 2. 572E402 1. SE-03 3.0E -04

14 1. 378E+02 2 17. 7 2. 206E+02 1. OE-03 3. 2E-04

15 1. 178E+02 217.2 1. 890E+02 7.6E-04 3.4E-04

16 1. 007E+02 216.7 1. 620E+02 6. 4E-04 3. 6E-04

17 8.610E+01 216.2 1.388E+02 5.6E-04 3. 9E-04

18 7. 350E+01 215.7 1. 188E+02 5. OE-04 4. IE-04

19 6. 280E+01 215.2 1. 017E+02 4.9E-04 4.3E-04

20 5. 370E+01 215.2 8.690E+01 4.5E-04 4.5E-04

21 4. 580E+01 215.2 7.42 IE+01 5. 1E-04 4.3E-04

22 3. 910E+01 215.2 6.338E+01 5. 1E-04 4.3E-04

23 3. 340E+01 2 15.2 5. 415E+01 5.44R-04 3. 9E-04

24 2.860E+01 215.2 4.624E+01 6.OE-04 3. 6E-04

25 2. 430E+01 215.2 3. 950E+01 6. 7E-04 3. 4E-04

30 1. 110E+01 217.4 1.783E+01 3.6E-04 1.9E-04

35 5. 180E+00 227.8 7. 924E+00 1. 1E-04 9.2E-05

40 2.530E+00 243.2 3.625E+00 4.3E-05 4. IF-05

45 1. 290E+00 258.5 1.741E+00 1.9E-05 1.3E-05

50 6. 820E,-01 265.7 8. 954E-01 6.3E-06 4.3E-06

70 4. 670E-02 230.7 7. 05iE,-02 1. 4E-07 8.6E-08

100 3.OOOE-04 210.2 5.000E-04 1. OE-09 4.3E-11

28

"II

jf

Table 6. Model Atmospheres Used as a Basis of the Computation ofAtmospheric Optical Properties (Cont.)

SUBARCTIC SUMMER

Ht. Preosure Temp. Densitr Water V r to(km) (Mb) (OK) (lIlT

0 1. 010E+03 287.0 1. 220E+03 9. IE+00 4.9E-05

1 8.960E+02 282.0 1. IIOE+03 6.OE+Q0 5.4E-05

2 7,929E+02 276.0 9.971E+02 4.2E+00 5.6E-053 7.OO0E+02 271.0 8. 985E+02 2.7E+00 5. SE-04 6. 160E+02 266.0 8. 077E+02 1. 7E+00 6.OE-05

5 5.410E+02 260.0 7.244E+02 1. OE+00 6.4E-956 4. 730E+02 253.0 6. 519E+02 5.4E-01 7.1E-057 4. 130E+02 246.0 5. 849E+02 2.9g-91 7.5E-05

8 3.590E+02 239.0 5.23 IE+02 1. 3E-02 7.9E-05

9 3. 107E+02 232.0 4.663E+02 4.2E-02 1. IE-0410 2. 677E+02 225.0 4. 142E+02 1. 5E-02 1. =0-04

11 2.300E+02 225.0 3.559E+02 9.4E-03 1.SE-04

12 1. 977E+02 225.0 3. OSE+02 6.OE-03 2. IE-04

13 I. 700E+02 ;25.0 2.630E+02 1.SE-03 2.GE-0414 1. 460E+02 225.0 2.260E+02 L.OE-03 2.8E-0415 1. 250E+02 225.0 1.943E+02 7.6E-04 3.2E-04

16 1.080E+02 225.0 1. 67 IE+02 6.4E-04 3.4E-0417 9,280E+01 225.0 1.436E+02 5.6E-04 3.9E-0418 7.980E+01 225.0 1.235E+02 5.OE-04 4. 1E-0419 6.860E+01 225.0 1. 062E+02 4.9E-04 4. IE-04

20 5. 890E+01 225.0 9. 128E+01 4.5E-04 3.9E-0421 5. 070E+01 125.0 7. 849E+01 5. 1E-04 3. 6E-04 I

22 4.360E+01 225.0 6. 750E+01 5, IE-04 3. 2E-04

23 3.750E-.01 225.0 5. OSE+01 5.4E.04 3.OE-0424 3. 227E+01 226.0 4. 963E+01 6. OE-04 2.8E-04

25 2.760E+01 228.0 4. 247E+01 6. 7E-04 2. 6E-0430 1. 340E+01 235.0 1.338E+01 3,6E-04 1.4E-0435 6.610E+00 2v7.0 6.614E+00 1. IE-04 9.2E-0540 3.400E+00 262.0 3.404E+00 4.3E-05 4. IE-0545 1. 810E+00 274.0 1. a I1E+00 1.9E-05 1. 3E-0550 9.870E-01 277.0 9. 868E-01 6.3E-06 4.3E-06

70 7. 070E-02 216. 0 7.07 1E-02 1. 4E-07 8. 6E-08100 3. OOOE-04 210.0 5.OOOE-04 1.OE-09 4.3E-11

229

Table 6. Model Atmospheres Used as a Basis of the Computatioc ofAtmospheric Optical Properties (Cont.)

SUBARCTIC WINTER

Ht. Pressure Temp. DenHity Water Vapor Ozone(kin) (mb) (OK) (g/mS) (g/m3) (g/m 3 )

0 1.013E+03 257. 1 1. 372E+03 1. 2E+00 4.1E-05

1 8. 878E+02 259.1 1, 193E+03 1.2E+O0 4. IE-05

2 7. 775E+02 255.9 t. 058E+03 9.4E-01 4 I1,-05

3 6. 798E+02 252.7 9. 366E+02 6. BE-01 4. 3F -05

4 5. 932E+02 247.7 8. 339E+02 4. 1E-01 4.5E-05

5 5. 158E+02 240,9 7.457E+02 2.OE-01 4.7E-05

6 4. 467E+02 234. 1 6. 646E+02 9. 8E-02 4.9F-05

7 3. 853E+02 227.3 S. 904E+02 5.4E-02 7. i1.-05

8 3. 308E+02 220.6 5. 226E+02 1. IE-02 9.OE-05

9 2.829E+02 217.2 4.538E+02 8.4E-03 1. 5F-04

10 2.418E+02 217.2 3. 879E+02 5.5E-03 2. 4E-04

11 2. 067E+02 217.2 3.315E+02 3.8E-03 3.2E-04

12 1.76CF+02 217.2 2. 834E402 2.6E-03 4.3E-04

13 1.510E+02 217.2 2.422E+02 1. BE-03 4.7E-04

14 1.291E+02 217.2 2,07 1E+02 1. OE-03 4.9E-04

15 1. 103E+02 217.2 1. 770E+02 7.6E-04 5.6E-04

16 9.431E+01 216.6 1. 517E+02 6.4E-04 6.2E-04

17 8.058E+01 216.0 1. 300E+02 5. 6E-04 6. 2E-04

18 6.882E+01 215.4 1. 113E+02 5.OE-04 6.2E-04

19 5. 875E+01 214,8 9. 529E+01 4.9E-04 6.0E-04

20 5. 014E+01 214. 1 8. 155E+01 4. 5E-04 5. 6E-04

21 4.277E+01 213.6 6. 976E+01 5. IE-04 5. 1E-04

22 3. 647E+01 213.0 5. 966E+01 5. 1E-04 4.7E-04

23 3. 109E+01 212.4 5. 100E+01 5.4E-04 4.3E-04

24 2.649E+01 211.8 4.358E+01 6.OE-04 3.6E-04

25 2. 256E+01 211.2 3. 722E+01 6.7E-04 3.2E-04

30 1. 020E+01 216.0 1. 645E+01 3.6E-04 1. 5E-04

35 4.701E+00 222.2 7.368E+00 1. IE-04 9.2E.-O5

40 2.243E+00 234.7 3.330E+00 4.3E-05 4. IE-05

45 1. 113E+00 247.0 1.569E+00 1.9E-05 1.3E-05

50 5.719E-01 259.3 7. 682E-01 6.3E-06 4.3E-06

70 4. 016E-02 245.7 5. 695E-02 1. 4E-07 8. 6E-,08

100 3.000E-04 210.0 5. OOOE-04 1. OE-09 4.3E-11

30

Table 6. Model Atmospheres Used as a Basis of the Computation ofAtmospheric Optical Properties (Cont.)

U. S. STANDABD ATMO8PS'ERF, 1902

lit. Pressure Temp. Densi Water Vppor Ozon(kin) (nib) (oK) (gmrn) (glmn)po Z@fo)

0 1. 013E+03 288.1 1. 225E+03 5. 9E+o0 5. 4E-051 8. 986E+02 281.6 1. 111E+03 4. 2E+00 5. 4E-06

7. 950E+Q2 275. X, 1. 007E+03 2. 9E+00 5, 41-05

3 7. 012E+02 268.7 9. 093fl+02 1. 8E+00 5. 0E-054 6. L68E+02 262. 2 8. 193E+02 1. 12+09 4.612-05

5 5. 405E+02 255. 7 7. 364E+02 6. 4E-01 4.. 5E,05

6 4. 722E+02 249. 2 6. 601Et02 3. 8ER7 01 4. SE-Q&

7 4. 111E+Q2 242,7 5. 900E+02 2. IE-01 4.8E-94

8 3. 565E+02 236. 2 5..258E+02 1. 2E-01 5. 2E-059 3. 080E+02 229.7 4. 671V+02 4. 6E-02 7. IL-05

10 2. 650E+02 223.2 4. 135E+02 1. 8E-02 9. 0E-05

11 2. 270E+02 216. 3. 64&E+02 8. 2E-03 1. 3E-04

12 1. 940E+02 216.6 3. 119E+02 3. 7E-03 1. 8E-04

13 1. 658E+02 216.6 2. 666E+02 1. 8E-03 1. 7E-04

14 1. 417E+02 216.6 2. 279E+02 3. 4E-04 1. 9E-04

15 1. 211E+02 216.6 1, 948E+02 7.2E-04 2. IE-04

16 1. 035E+02 216.6 1. 665E+02 6. 1E-04 2. 3E-0417 8. 850E+01 216.6 1. 423E+02 5. 2E-04 2. 81.-04

18 7. 565E+01 216.6 1, 216E+02 4. 4E-04 3.21i-04

19 6. 467E+01 216. 6 1, 040E+02 4. 4E-04 3. 5 h-04

20 5. 529E+01 216.6 8. 891E+01 4. 4E-04 3. 8E-04

21 4. 729E+01 2177.6 7. 572E+01 4. 8E-04 3. 8E-0422 4. 047E+01 218.6 6. 451E+01 5. 2R-04 3. 9E-04

23 3. 467E+01 219.6 5. 500E+01 5. 7E-04 3. 8E-04

24 2. 972E;+01 220. 6 4. 694F,+01 6. 1E-04 3.6E2-04

25 2. 549E+01 221, 6 4. 0082E+01 6. 6V -04 3. 4E-04 i I30 1. 1972E+01 226.5 1. 841tE,+0 3, 8E-04 2. OE-04 435 5. 746E+00 236.5 8. 463E+00 1. 6E-04 1. 1E-0440 2.87 1E+00 250.4 3. 996E+00 6.77E-05 4. IIE-05 C45 1. 491EF+00 264.2 1. 966L+00 3. 2E-05 1. 7E-05

50 7. 978E-01 270. 6 1. 027E+00 1. 2E-05 4. 012-06

70 5. 520E-02 219.7 B. 754E-02 1. 5E-07 8.61';-08

100 3& 00E-04 210.0 4. 989E-04 1. OE-09 4.3E-11

;31

5. COMPUTATIONAL TECIINIQUES FOR MOLECULAR ABSORPTION

A Lorentz line profile as given in Eq. (4) was assumed for each line in the

lower atmosphere except as modified (see Section 2) for carbon dioxide lines.

k SS (4)r [ (v - V) +a a

In Eq. (4), S is the line intensity, a is the half-width, v 0 the central lint frequency,

and v the laser frequency. For pressures less than 10 mb, a Voigt profile 1 5 is

used in the calculations. The laser frequency (04 is assumed monochromatic for

the purposes of this calculation. In general, a large number of absorption lines

belonging to different molecules contribute to the attenuation at any specific laser

frequency, so the total absorption coefficient must be evaluated as indicated by

Eq. (5)

ka. a. m.km Z1 3 (2 )L i L ri(V-Vij +a.I

where min represents the amount of the jth absorbing gas and where i is an index

over all lines belonging to the same molecular specie and m. is the molecular

abundance of the jth molecular species per kilometer. i

Pressure broadening enters through the a values, the Lorentz line widthbeing given by a = ao PIPo 5T7o/T. The line intensity (S) is also temperature

dependent through the population of the lower state of the transition and through

the partition functions. These temperature and pressure effects have been included

for all lines. As indicated in Section 2, the LASER program considers all line

wings within 20 cm 1 of the laser frequency in question as contributing to the

absorption coefficient and all lines outside of this 20 cm- limit are omitted in

the calculation.

The extinction due to molecular scattering, aerosol absorption and aerosol

scattering are separately computed and tabulated in the output from LASER. The

total extinction coefficient for a given path can then be obtained by summing these

lour components as indicated in Eq. (1). The transmission for a horizontal path

is then given by Eq. (6) where 7 is the transmission and R is the range in

kilometers

15. Young, C. (1965) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer 5:549.

32

r•H) = exp 1-y(v) W ] . (6)

6. RESULTS

The results we wish to describe here fall into three categories' (1) The

LASER Computer Code which will be described and documented in Appendix A;

(2) Extinction Coefficients for a number of specific laser frequencies generated

with the LASER computer program (see Appendix B); and (3) High rebolution

spectral plots covering the regions between 740 and 1400 cm 1 (7. 1 and 13.5 pm),

1880 and 2180 cm- 1 (4.6 and 5.3 Pm) and 2360 and 2960 em- 1 (3.4 and 4.2 pm)

which are given in Appendix C. We have provided spectra in Appendix C coveringthe regions of laser emission by CO2 CO, and DF. We wish to emphasize dif-

ferences in the continuum model for water vapor in both the 8 to 14-tim region

(740 to 1400 cm 1 ) and the 3.5 to 4.2-Mm regions (2360 to 3020 arn-1) as well as

some modifications of individual line parameters primarily in the 3. 5 to 4. 2 Mm

region. These "infinite" resolution spectra have been generated by perfor-ning

monochroomatic calculations at steps of 0. 01 em 1- over the entire range of fre-

quency of each plot. Such rpectral plots can be generated with the computer pro-

gram provided in Reference 1 and the AFGL Atmospheric Line Parameters Com-

pilation discussed in Section I of this report. Figure C1 provides spectra for a

10-km horizontal path at sea level and Figure C2 provides spectra for a 10-kmu

horizontal path at an altitude of 12 km.

Table 7 contains a detailed list of all laser frequencies for which extinction

coefficients were provided in an earlier report. 5 Based on our more up-to-date

absorption modeling, we have included revised molecular absorption coefficients

in Table 7, containing contributions from both discrete lines and molecular con-

tinuum absorption for three of the model atmospheres described in Table 5 at

sea level (Tropical, U. S. Standard, and Subarctic Winter) and for the 11 to 12 -km

altitude layer (only for the U. S. Standard Atmosphere).

A comparison of Table 7 with a similar table in Reference 5 indicates the

following: (1) Somewhat lower absorption coefficients for most of the CO 2 emis-

sion lines. This is principally due to the modifications made to the water vapor

continuum absorption. Occasionally, a line (such as the P40 line of CO 2 ) shows

a drastic increase due to an error made in the earlier report. (2) The DF laser

emission region shows a significant increase principally due to the inclusion of

the water vapor continuum - absorption by the water vapor continuum was omitted

in this spectral region in the earlier calculations. Occasionally the changes differ

33

I:I

Tablk 7. Attenuation Ceeffic'entft for Laser Frequencies

r te Atmospheric Absorption Coefficients

0 _2 arameter_ (km-1)

00011 -1 10001 Height - 0 km (Sea Level) Heiyht = 11-12 km

Rot. ID v(cm-f trop. U-S.Std. __w KU.S. Std.

*P40 924.975 3.95 1.09 0.150 0.00150

P38 927.009 0.423 0.0716 0.021 0.00108P36 929.018 0.698 0.128 0.0163 0.00149P34 93!.002 0.428 0.0807 0.0164 0.00203

P32 932.961 0.432 0.0856 0.0190 0.00273

P30 934.895 0.442 0.0926 0.0220 0.00344P28 936.805 9.45 0.0991 0.0255 0.00431

P26 938.689 0.449 0.105 0.0287 0.00533

P24 940.549 0.458 0.111 0.0320 0.00632

P24 942.384 0.460 0.116 0.0353 0.00741

*P20 944.195 0.480 0.125 0.0386 0.00838

*P18 945.981 0.468 0.124 0.398 0.00905

*P16 947.743 0.523 0.138 0.0426 0.00968

P14 949.480 0.467 0.124 0.0409 0.00982

P12 951.193 0.450 0.118 0.0392 0.00970PlO 952.882 0.450 0.113 0.0364 0.00900P8 954.546 0.437 0.104 0.0321 0.00786

Pa 956.156 0.437 0.0917 0.0266 0.00640

P4 957.802 0.391 0,0766 0.0198 0.00448*P2 959.393 0.432 0.0742 0.0133 0.00235

80 951.734 0.386 0,0597 0.00897 0.00117

P2 963,264 0.376 0,0689 0.0163 0.00349

94 964.770 0.373 0m0830 0.0234 0.00560

R6 966.251 0.437 0.100 0,0304 0.00752

RB 967.708 0.424 0.108 0.0357 0.00908RIO 969.141 0.430 0.116 0.0396 0.0101

R12 970.548 0.536 0.141 0.0436 0.0107

R14 971.931 0.473 0.132 0,0443 0.0108

*816 973.289 0,523 0.144 0.0454 0.0106*R18 974.623 0.452 0.129 0.0432 0.0190S*R2D 97 .3 1.32 0 .329 4070 0 ,0.00805

*R22 977.215 0.5r2 0.147 0.o407 0..0805R24 978.473 0.425 0.111 0.03339 0,00687

R26 979.706 0.409 0.103 0.0301 0.00578R28 980.919 0.402 0.0966 0.0266 0.00476

R830 982.097 0.485 0.115 0.0261 0.00380

R32 983.253 0.380 0.0817 0.0196 0.003231

R34 984.384 0.392 0o0796 0.0169 0.00231

R36 985.489 0.360 0.0684 0.0138 0.00177

R38 986,568 06352 0.0633 0.0117 0.00128

R40 987.621 0.345 0,0590 0.0101 0.00109

00011 - 10002

1 890.142 0.0588 0.0364

*PZO 1046.854 0.409 0.152 0.0650 0.0672

*P16 1050,441 0.452 0.164 0.0735 0,0647*R16 1075.988 0.473 0.162 0.0614 0.0168*RI6 1077.303 0.403 0.144 0.0581 0.0159I; *R20 1078.591 0.400 0.139 0.0546 0.0151

34

! I "•I

Table 7. Attenuation Coefficients for Laser Frequencies (Cont.)

Atmospheric Absorption Coefficients(kin- )

OF Laser Parameter Height - 0 km (Sea Level) Height = 11-12 km

Band Rot. ID K(n K K K"trop. U.S. Std. sw KU.S. Std.1-0 P1 2884.934 0.123 0.0612 0.0374 5.91E-3

P2 2862.652 0.0617 0.0320 0.0156 4.07E-4P3 2839.779 0.0695 0.0225 4.73 -3 7.57E-5P4 2816.362 0.0688 0.0215 5.19E-3 1.02E-4P5 2792.437 0.0927 0.0302 9.48E-3 1.34E-4P6 2767.914 0.119 0.0410 0.0159 7.63E-4P7 2743.028 0.0449 0.0160 7.OOE-3 1.53E-4

*P8 2717.536 0.227 0.0682 0.0162 1.62E-4P9 2691.409 0.0504 0.0189 9.45E-3 1.19E-3

*P1O 2665.20 0.0611 0.0245 0.0143 1.40E-3P1l 2638.396 0.531 0.164 0.0383 3.56[-4P12 2611.125 0.0347 0.0127 5.83E-3 1.14E-4P13 2584.91 0.0445 0.0219 0.0156 5.76E-4P14 2557.09 0.0477 0.0309 0.0280 6.40E-3P15 2527.06 0.0426 0.0241 0.0195 6.20E-4P16 2498.02 0.0602 0.0375 0.0330 1.11E-3

2-1 P3 2750.05 0.0710 0.0245 0.00954 2.53F-4P4 2727.38 0.0663 0.0219 0.00747 9,91E-5P5 2703.98 0.0408 0.0140 0.00562 1.03E-4

*Pb 2680.28 0.114 0.0391 0.0150 5.OGE-4P7 2655.97 0.106 0.0378 0.0167 5.93E-3

*P8 2631.09 0.0382 0.0156 0.00947 3.23E-3P9 2605.87 0.0820 0.0268 0.00924 1.82E-4

*P10 2580.16 0.0560 0,0373 0.0346 2.28E-3P1i 2553.97 0.0419 0.0256 0.0232 1.15E-3P12 2527.47 0.0426 0.0247 0.0206 1.76E-3P13 2500.32 0.0553 0.0360 0.0327 1.76E-3P16 2417.27 0.125 0.0990 0.0994 3.52E-3

3-2 P3 2662.17 0.0611 0.0208 0.00773 1.92E-4P4 2640.04 0.0866 0.0301 0.0109 6.23E-4P5 2617.41 0.0316 0.0119 0.00592 1.53E-4P6 2594.23 0.0458 0.0179 0.00904 2.31E-4P7 2570.51 0.0733 0M0510 0.0510 7.29E-3*P8 2r46.37 0.0611 0.0432 0.0420 3.16E-3

P9 2521.81 0.0432 0.0248 0.0204 6,50E-4*PIO 2496.61 0.0631 0.0391 0.0342 1.15E-3P1l 2471.34 0.0866 0.0596 0.0557 2.03E-3P12 2445.29 0.106 0.0820 0.0806 2.85E-3P13 2419.02 0.124 0.0975 0.0978 3.47E-3P14 2392.46 0.194 0.149 0.125 4.06E-3

4-3 P5 2532.50 0.0414 0.0228 0.0181 5.73E-4P6 2509.86 0.0490 0.0302 0.0261 8.67E-4P7 2486.83 0.0652 0.0440 0.0406 1.45E-3

*P8 2463.25 0.108 0.0695 0.0624 2.47E-3P9 2439.29 0.110 0.086 0.085 3.06E-3

*PIO 2414.89 0.128 0.101 0.102 3.62E-35-4 P7 2404.63 0.135 0.106 0.106 3.77E-37-6 P8 2222.68 0.344 0.327 0.299 2.30E-2*Pig 2177.99 0.0874 0.0738 0,0599 1.99E-3

P11 2155.03 0.220 0.0677 0.0254 1.06F-3 U-P12 2131.68 0.290 0.180 0.175 4.09E-2

35

L,

Table 7. Attenuation Coefficients for Laser Vrequencies (Cont.)

Atmospheric Absorption Coefficientskm- )

DF Laser Parameter (Cont.) Height - 0 km (Sea Level) Height = 11-12 km

Band Rot. ID V(cm ) Ktrop. KU.S Std. Ksw K U.S. Std.

8-7 P7 2165.93 0.0626 0.0423 0.0408 2.05E-3P8 2144.80 1.55 0.377 0.0399 3.43E-4P9 2123.24 0.259 0.0698 0.0190 3.63E-3

*PIO 2101.27 0.172 0.0584 0.0225 6.67E-3P12 2056.14 0,144 0.0449 0.0192 7,67E-4P13 2033.01 0.190 0.0472 0.00617 1.36E-5

9-8 P6 2108.48 0.0686 0.0229 0.00897 4.93E-3

P7 2088.34 0.562 0.140 0.0210 4.89E-3P8 2067.76 0.932 0.262 0.0768 3.93E-5

*PlO 2025.36 0.855 0.209 0.0277 2.73E-5

P11 2003.56 0.441 0.111 0.0148 1.50E-5

P12 1981.38 0.623 0.149 0.0187 1.08E-5

Atmospheric Absorption Coefficients

(kin-i)

HF Laser Parameter Height - 0 km (Sea Level) Height = 11-12 km

Band Rot. 10 V CM 1 K trop. KU.S. Std. Ksw KU.S. Std.

1-0 P11 3436.12 1.74 0401 0.0449 0.00033P12 3381.50 0.512 0.139 0.0237 0.00033

2-1 *P8 3435.17 0.987 0.265 0.0400 0.000943-2 P6 3373.46 0.354 0.0952 0.0169 0.000914-3 P8 3130.09 0.698 0.212 0.0508 0.00025

P9 3083.83 1.14 0.356 0.0862 0 001535-4 P4 3150.67 0.289 0.0837 0.0167 0.00004

*P6 2921.74 0.0231 0.00738 0.00300 0.000121

*P7 2880.70 0.0176 0.00494 0.000889 1.OE-6P8 2838.59 0.323 0.0983 0.0190 0.000037

I,

!;Ii i6

Table 7. Attenuation Coefficients for Laser Frequencies (Cont.)

Atmospheric Absorption Coefficients(kin-1)

CO Laser Parameters Height - 0 km (Sea Level) Height = 11-12 km

Band Rot. ID. K Ktrop. KU.S. Std. Ksw K U.S. Std.1-0 P2 2135.549 0.743 0.278 0.168 1.87E-1*P14 2086.325 0.465 0.244 0.170 1.32E-1

P17 2073.267 0.703 0.257 0.108 5.OOE-2P18 2068.849 0.329 0.159 0.106 3.65E-2P21 2055.402 0.173 0.108 0.0874 I.Z3E-2P22 2050.856 0.184 0.0813 0.0465 6.71E-3P25 2037.027 0.520 0.148 0.0344 1.82E-3P26 2032.354 .0.221 0.0665 0.0158 9.88E-4P27 2027.651 0.853 0.245 0.0488 9.82E-4P30 2013,353 0.603 0.158 0,0235 8.86E-5

2-1 P1 2112.977 0.120 0.0324 0.00766 4.68E-4P2 2109.132 0.0695 0.0314 0.0183 6.95E-3P3 2105.256 0.131 0.0408 0.0113 2.73E-3P4 2101.342 0.144 0.0448 0.0142 3.76E-3P7 2089.393 1.95 0.480 0.0601 4.81E-3PB 2085.343 0.232 0.0716 0,0303 2.57E-3P9 2081.258 0.189 0.0551 0.0155 1.14E-3P1] 2072.987 0.421 0.129 0.0353 1.94E-3P12 2068.802 0.295 0.125 0.0753 5.21E-3*P15 2056.046 0.193 0.0526 0.0171 6.51E-4P16 2051.729 1.42 0.317 0.0375 9.25E-4P17 2047.379 0.457 0.161 0.0715 2.63E-3R19 2038.582 0.450 0.123 0.0242 2.92E-4P21 2029.656 0.195 0.0521 0.00853 3.25E-5P22 2025.145 0.650 0.166 0.0237 3.02E-5P25 2011.423 0.498 0.130 0.0184 1.45E-5P26 2006.786 0.977 0.249 0.0332 1.90E-15P27 2002J18 0.357 0.0968 0.0159 1.29E-5P28 1997.419 1.07 0.297 0.0519 4.07E-53-2 P] 2086.594 0.474 0.122 0.0246 2.20E-3P2 2082.784 0.128 0.0372 0.0110 8.42E-4P3 2078.940 0.778 0.270 0.116 3.72E-2P4 2075.061 0.388 0.110 0.0249 3.47E-3P5 2071.148 0.148 0.0449 0.0157 9.87E-4P6 2067.200 0.816 0.232 0,0629 2.50E-3P7 2063.218 0.968 0.274 0.0723 2.45E-3P8 2059.203 0.641 0.182 0.0423 9.16E-4P10 2951.071 0.425 0.123 0.0263 6.10E-4P11 2046.954 1.07 0.264 0.0358 2.34E-4P12 2042.8G4 1.80 0.489 0.0903 8.93E--4P13 2038.621 0.452 0.121 0.0215 2.48E-4P14 2034.405 1.11 0.259 0,0255 3.24E-5*P15 2030.157 0.440 0.111 0.0144 1.64E-5P16 2025.875 1.33 0.349 0.0539 6.55E-5P17 2021.561 0.897 0.227 0.0307 8.OOE-5P19 2012.835 0.693 0.184 0.0262 2.75E-5P20 2008.424 1.99 0,511 0.0704 4.18E-5P21 2003.981 0.360 0.0921 0,0137 1.46E-4P25 1985.891 1.38 0.368 0.0550 3.32E-5P26 1981.290 1.12 0.244 0.0241 I.18E-5

37

lI

Table 7. Attenuation Coefficients for Laser Frequencies (Cont.)

4

Atmospheric Absorption Coefficients

CO Laser Parameters (Cont.) Height - 0 km (Sea Level) Height = 11-12 km

Band Rot. ID v (cm- 1 1 , .1 K K_trop, "U.S. Std. sw U.S, Std.

3-2 P27 1976.658 1.26 0.36, 0.0735 8.21E-5P28 1971.995 0.709 0.192 0,0310 4.77E-5P30 1962.577 1.57 0.428 0.0690 5.50E-5

4-3 P2 2056.506 0.177 0.105 0.0891 4.73E-3P3 2052.697 0.144 0.0443 0.0154 4.86E-4P4 2048.853 0.358 0.119 0.0521 1.92E-3P5 2044.975 0.907 0.250 0.0444 2.17E-4P7 2037.116 0.666 0.178 0.0356 5.13E-3P8 2033.135 0.215 0.0529 6.75E-3 1.51E-5P9 2029.121 0.206 0.0563 0.0101 8.78E-5PlO 2025.074 0.599 0.155 0.0229 6.88E-5PI1 2020.993 1.01 0,260 0.0359 3.06E-5P13 2012.731 0.691 0.185 0.0262 3.66E-5P14 2008.550 1.69 0.441 0.0636 5.12E-5

*P15 2004.337 0,362 0.0915 0.0126 1.73E-5P17 1995.812 1.32 0.351 0.0545 3.56E-5P20 1982.783 0.759 0.205 0.0304 2.71E-5P21 1978.375 0.323 0.0878 0.0146 3.05E-5P22 1973,936 0.444 0.121 0.0196 1.53E-5

5-4 P2 2030.297 0.414 0.104 0.0135 1.39E-5P6 2014.993 1.96 0.509 0.0731 1.46E-4

*P7 2011.082 0.589 0.154 0.0220 1.54E-5P8 2007.137 2.08 0.528 0.0696 1.78E-4P9 2003.158 0.449 0.114 0.0156 1.06E-5Pll 1995.100 1.90 0.504 0.0778 5.16E-5

*PI4 1982.764 0.784 0.213 0.0311 4.00E-5*PI5 1978.586 0.309 0.0836 0.0136 1.67E-5*P16 1974.376 0.461 0.125 0.0201 1.52E-5

P21 1952,238 1.04 0.284 0.0474 4.43E-5P25 1935.035 1.50 0.408 0.0720 1.72E-3P26 1930.506 1.37 0.373 0.0610 7.10E-5

6-5 P2 2004.155 0.820 0.187 0.0179 5.04E-5P3 2000.415 0.892 0.249 0.0447 3.69E-5P4 1996.641 1.22 0.316 0.0475 b.U/E-5P7 1985.115 0.835 0.221 0.0331 2.73E-5P8 1981.205 2.30 0.481 0.0369 1.52E-5P9 1977.261 0.516 0.143 0.0252 2.11E-5PlO 1973.284 0.502 0.136 0.0218 2.31E-5

*Pl5 1952.901 1.06 0.290 0.0482 4.29E-5P19 1936.007 1.42 0.386 0.0643 1.20E-4

7-6 P3 1974.409 0.453 0.123 0.0200 1,49E-5P4 19/0.670 1.30 0.348 0.0543 3.77E-.5P6 1963.089 1.41 0.381 0.0609 4.75E-5P7 1959.247 1.09 0.295 0.0482 4,97E-EP14 1931.380 1.51 0.407 0.0664 1.19E-4

38

from a constant offset and appear more erratic. Such variations are due to some

modified absorption line data and are exemplified by the P1I0 line of the 7-6 vibra-

tional transition located at 2 177.99 cm 1 which has actually decreased by about

50 percent despite the inclusion of the water vapor continuum. (3) Changes in

absorption coefficients in the HF and CO emission region result principally from

changes in the molecular absorption line parameters.

Laser emission frequencies identified with an asterisk in Table 7 have been

used as input to the LASER program and charts of the four extinction coefficients

identified in Eq. (1) have been included in Appendix 13. The determination of

which charts to include in Appendix B and which to omit was based on the follow-

ing: (1) In view of the capability for the user to use the LASER program for his

own purposes, it seemed unreasonable to include charts for all previously published

laser frequencies, even though revisions can be made to all previously published

results; (2) charts are included for several lines which the authors have found to

be of great current interest; (3) charts are included for a few laser frequencies

where previously published results are felt to be in gross error.

39

References

1. McClatchey, R.A., Benedict, W.S., Clough, S.A., Burch, D.E., Calfee,R.F., Fox, K., Rothman, L.S. and Garing, J.S. (1973)AFCRI-.Atmos-pheric Absorption Line Parameters Compilation, AFCRL-'T-73-0096.

2. McClatchey, R.A. (1970) Atmospheric Attenuation of CO Laser Radiation,AFCRL-71-0370, ERP 359.

3, McClatchey, R.A., and Selby, J.E.A. (1972a) Atmospheric Attenuation ofHF and DF Laser Radiation, AFCRL-72-0312, E7 400.

4. McClatchey, B.A., and Selby, J. E. A. (1972b) Atmospheric Transmittance,7-30 rm: Attenuation of CO2 Laser Radiation, AFCRL-72-0611, ERP 419.

5. McClatchey, R.A., and Selby, J.E.A. (1974) Atnospheric Attenuation ofLaser Radiation From 0.76 to 31.25 Prm, AFCRL- TR-74-0003, Ek(P 460.

6. Penndorf, R. (1956) Luminous and Spectral Reflectance as Well as Colors ofNatural Objects, GCeophysical Research Paper No. 44, AFCRC-TR-56-203.

7. Rothman, L. S., and McClatchey, R.A. (1976) Updating of the AFCRLatmospheric absorption line parameters compil-tion, Applied Optics15:2616, November.

8. Rothman, L. S. (1977) Atmospheric optics, OSA technical group meeting,Tucson, 19 October 1976, Applied Optics 16(No. 2):277.

9. Burch, D. E. (1970) Semiannual Technical Report, Investigation of theAbsorption of Infrared Radiation by A'rnospheric Galses, 1 84, January.

10. Long, R. K., Mills, F. S., and Trusty, G. L. (1973) Experimental AbsorptionCoefficients for Eleven CO Laser Lines, RADC-TW-33,March.

11. Selby, J. E.A., Shettle, E.P. and McClatchey, R.A. (1976) AtmosphericTransmittance from 0.25 to 28.5 jAm: Supplement LOWTR-N-3B-'1976),KFGL-TR-76-0258, EliP 587.

41

TKE " .. 'u

AMf I L

12. Shettle, E.P., and FewA, R.W. (1976) Models of the Atmospheric Aerosolsand Their _Opcal Properties, AGARD Conference Froceedings No. 183,

p-ptcaVll--ioag•ti6a-i-&frh-e-A-trnosphere, pp. 2. 1-2. 16, presented at theElectromagnetic Wave Propagation Panel Symposium, Lingby, Denmark,27-31 October 1975. (Available from NTIS, Ace. No. N76-29817.)

13. Shettle, E. P., and Fenn, R. W, (1978) Models of the Atmospheric Aerosolsand Their Optical Properties (to be published).

14. MeClatchey, 11.A., Fenn, R.W., Selby, J.E.A., Vo1z, F.E.. Garing, J.S.(1972) Optical Properties of the iitmosphere (Thlcd Edition), AFCRL-72-0497, FRP No. 411.

15. Young, C. (1965) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer 5:549.

42.

42!

*1

I

Appendix A

The LASER Computer Program

A general flow chart for LASER is given in Fig'ure Al which shows the basic

routines of the computer program. More detailed flow charts are given in Fig-

ures A2, A3, and A4 for the main program (LASER) and the subroutines ATMOS

and CONT, respectively. The main program reads in the atmospheric models and

all other data. The basic molecular absorption coefficient due to discrete absorp-

tion lines is performed in subroutine ATMOS. Subroutine CONT adds in the

various sources of continuous extinction: Molecular scattering, molecular absorp-

tion continua, aerosol absorption and scattering effects. There are no flow charts

provided for either the IRDTAPE or VOIGT subroutines. The RDTAPE subroutine

simply reads the AFGL Atmospheric Absorption Line Parameters Tape and places

in storage the molecular absorption line data pertinent to the laser emission fre-

quencies and atmospheric path defined as input. The VOIQT subroutine computesa combined Doppler-Larentz line shape when the atmospheric pressure is between 110 mb and 0. 1 mb. The VOIGT subroutine has been taken from the work of Young1 5

where a complete description of the mathematics used in the computer routine can

be obtained.Following the computer flow charts, we have provided a complete listing of

the LASER computer program, together with all required input data. If the user

desires an extinction coefficient chart similar to those provided in Appendix B,

he need only add a single card to the data deck corresponding to the READ state-

ment at Line A 187 in the main program (PROGRAM LASER). This card must have

43

iI

the frequency (in cm -) and the BOUND value (corresponding to the maximum fre-

quency spread from an absorption line center that its contribution will be consid-

ered) according to the FORMAT (ZF10. 3). The following is an example of the

input daua required on this card to generate the laser extinction coefficient chart

corresponding to the laser emission frequency, 924. 975 cm 1 in Appendix B:

"***924. 975****20. 000

If the Bound value is not specified, a default option in the LASER program

will set it equal to 20. 00.

If the user of the LASER Program wishes to insert an atmospheric model that

differs from the six models available as standard input, it is necessary to sub-

stitute his data (or model) for one of the standard models in the same format,

with quantities provided in the- same units as indicated in Table 5, and with the

same number of atmospheric levels used to describe the model. The easiest way

to insert an alternative model is to maintain consistency with the height structure

indicated in the models of Table 5. That is, temperature, pressure, water vapor

and ozone data should be inserted for the same 33 altitude levels defined in

Table 5. Although a complete 33-level model should always be defined, it is

appropriate to substitute data for any one or more levels in one of the models,

in order to obtain results for a problem where a more limited set of atmospheric

data is available. If the user intends to deviate further from the form of these

models, it will be necessary to perform additional modifications to the computer

program.Due to the small variations in molecular scattering coefficients among the six

standard atmospheric models, we have only provided these results for the U. S.

Standard Atmosphere. If the user desires molecular scattering coefficient results

for any other model, he need simply interchange the desired atmospheric model

to the position of the sixth model.

A definition of all variables used in program LASER is contained in the com-

puter listing. Copious comment cards have been used throughout in an effort to

provide for the user the required detailed understanding of the physics and the

flow of logic in the program.

44

PROGRAM LASER

'4T ATMOS1

RDTAPE VOIGT LCON

Figure AI. General Flow Chart for LASER Program

45I

i i 45

PROGRAM LASER(Main Program)

No IPRNT = 1

I Yes

CALL PRATM

Atmospheric Model

I • Calc

F Absorber Concentrationfor Each Molecular Species

Aerosol Models

SInvert Aerosol

Data Array

_• Read

FREQ and BOUND

SData> No --- 4 CALL EXIT

Yes

--- SLCLL ýATMOS

Figure A2. Detailed Flow Cliart for LASER Program

46

SUBROUTINE ATMOS

Doppler~CCAL O ibI >. nbVogBrondenlLnL

' TPOA ( 1 bSh p

Figure A3.Rotet ionealo Chartitfornuruin TO

Teprtr7Dpnec

SUBROUTINE CONT

Select Model Atmos.]

DO 17 K = IdPSAtmospheric Layer

Loop

CalcRayleigh Scattering

JIV < 400"

V> 280o

!12 50• 4V <. 2000o0

4004V<1250 20004 V<2350 2350O;V 4<28OO8 -14 Micron N2 Continuum 3.5 - 4.2 Micro~n

H20 Continuum 2 H 0 Continu

NoK ITP N2 Continuum

Yes

-No Models•

Yese

Figure A4. Detailed Flow Chart for CONT Subroutine

4B

4

SUBROUTINE CONT(Contd)

CalcVertical AerosolScaling Factor

SIF

30ýZ 1O0 9. Z<30 2<Z<9 OZ<2Meteorit Dust Clear Tropospheric Rural

BackgroundStratospheric

HazyAged Volcanic

Alternate BoundryLayer Aerosol

Models

RETURN

Ft

Fi u e A . D t ietl w C a t o O T S b o t n C n d

i41)

PROGRAM LASFR(INPUTOUTPUTTAPEII A IC LASER CALCULATES ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPITTANCE THROUGH ATNCSPHIEQE WITH ITP A 2C LEVELS AND PRINTS OUT VALUES FROtI LOWEST PRESSURE TO EACH LEVEL. A 3C A 4C A INPUT DATA FOR VOIOT SUBROUTINE A BC AAR AEROSOL ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT - INPUT DATA A F,C ALFO LINE HALF WIDTH A 7C AML HEIGHT INCRFMENT - INPUT DATA A 8C ARSMOL AEROSOL MODEL - INPUT DATA A 9C ASC AEROSOL SCATTERING COEFFICIENT - INPUT DATA A 10C ATMOOL ATMOSPHERIC MOOEL - INPUT nATA A 11C ROUND LIMIT UUTSIDE OF WHICH LINF CONTRIRUTIONS ARF NOT A 12C CONSIDFRED - INPUT DATA A 11C GAS CLFAý AEROSOL SCATTERING COEFFICIENT (50 KM SEA LEVEL A 14C VISIILITY) - OUTPUT DATA A 15C CAY MOLECULAR ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT - OUTPUT DATA A 16C CHI MODIFICATION TO THE LORENTZ LINE SHAPE FOR C02 A 1?C - INPUT DATA A 10C CN? NITROGEN CONTINUUM ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT - INFUT DATA A 19

C CON WATEt VAPOR CONTINUUP COEFFICIENT FOR 3.5-4.2 MICRONS A ?0C - INPUT UATA A 21C DFLTA7 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT LAYERS A 22C DNU FREQUENCY INCREMENT ASSOCIATED WITH LORENIT MOCIFICATION A 23C - INOUT DATA A ?14C FPP ENFRGY OF LOWER STATE OF TRANSITION A 25C FA AEROSOL MODEL FREQUENCY - INPUT DATA A 26C EKG INITIAl. FREQUENCY FOR THE 3.5-4.2 WATER VAPOR CONTINUUM A 2?C - INPUT DATA A ?bC FN? NITROGEN CONTINUUM AESORPTION COEFFICIENT FREGUFNCY A 29C - INPUT DATA A 30C GNU LINE FREQUENCY A NiC HAS MAZY: AEROSOL SCATTERING COEFFICIENT (5 KM SEA LEVEL A 3?C VISIBILITY) - OUTPUT DATA A Y3C HCONV 0.it3.34F*22 MOLECULES/CM2 A 34C HH INPUT DATA FOR VOTGT SUBROUTINE A 35" 2H?1 VERTICAL SALING FACTOR POR CLEAR AEROSOL MODEL A 46C - INPUT DATA A 3?C HZ2 VERTICAL SCALING FACTOR FOR HAZY AEROSOL MODEL A 38C - INEUT DATA A AqC IPRNT PRINT CONTROL FOR SUBROUTINE PRNT. IrRNT= 1, CALL PRNT A 40C ITP NUMBER OF ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS - INPUT DATA A f1tC JT NUMBER OF FLEMENTS IN THE LORENTZ MODIFICATION FACTOR A 62C - INPUT DATA A tlC KSAM NUMBER OF MODEL ATMOSPHERES - INPUT DATA A 4'.C MOL MOLErULF IDENTIFIER 01= HO2, 2= 002, 3= 03, 4W N2iO A USC 5= CO; 6= CM' = 2 A 46C NH NUMBER OF ELEMENTS FOP THE VO01T INPUT DATA NH AND XX A 147C 03CON CONVERSION FACTOR FREM GM/M*43 TO 4OLFCULES(CF##? A 68C P ATMOSPHERIC LEVEL PRESSURE - INPUT DATA A C9C S ABSORPTION LINE INTENSITY A r0C SEC SECANT ANGLE A gtC T ATMOSPHERIC LAYER TE"FERATURE - INPUT DATA A '2C TAt CLEAPt AEROSOL ABSORPTION COFFFICIvNT - CUTOUT DATA A 53C TA? HAZY1 AEROSOL ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT - OLTPUT DATA A '4C TEMPI TEMPORARY DATA STORAGE FOR AEROSOL VARTAILE FA A 95C TEMPt TEMPORARY DATA STORAGE FOP AEPOSOL VARIAILE AEC A 56C THMP3 TFMPORARY DATA STORAGE FOR AEROSOL VARIABLE AAB A r?C TH RAYLrIGH (MOLECULAR) SCATTERING COEFFICIENT A CBC - OUTPUT DATA A 55C UNF UNIFORMLY MIXED GAS CONSTANTS FORI C00, h2C0 CO, CHM, 0? A 60

t C V FREQUENCY AT WHICH THE EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT ARE BEING A PIC CALCULATED - INPUT DATA A 6?C VTOP UPPFR FPFDIINrY I TMTT FOR THE I ThF rCNTIPITITTCS. A 6.

50

I* •.

C VTOP= 0DBOUNO A 64C W ABSORBER CONCENTRATICN A FSo WBAR MEAN HATER VAPOR CONCENTRATION FOR A LAYER A 66C HG SEA LFVEL VALUES OF POLECULAR A9UNnANCES A 67C WH WATE4 VAPOR CONrENTRATION AT A SPECIFIC LEVEL A 6,C WHI SCALE HEIGHT ASSCCIATED WITH WATER VAPOR A 69C WlEl SCALE HEIGHT ASSOCIATFO WITH OZONE A 70C WO OZONE CONCENTRATION AT A SPECIFIC LEVEL A 71C O3 MrAN OZONE CONCENTRATION FOR A LAYER A 7?C wig INTERMEDIATE QUANTITY ASSOCIATED WITH COPPUTING A 73C INTFGRATFO WATFR AMOUNT A 74C H30 TNTFPMEDIATF QUANTITY ASSOCIATED WITH COMPUTING A 75c INTEGRATFO OZONF AMOUNT A 76C XX INPUT nATA FOR OIGT SUBROUTINE A 77C Z ATMOSPHERIC HEIGHT (kM) A TeC A T9

COMMON GNU(IOOOhS(1OO0)lALFAO(1000),EPP(1000),MOL(tOoo) A PICOMMON l40),P(6.Al),T(6, 4 0),W( ,T,4 4,CAY(6,4 0),WG(6,7) A F1lCOMMON TMH6ES40lTAtI(4,141TAP(4, O) A 62COMMON FA(7,701,ASC(7,70),AAB(7,70),CASE?,l0),HASC?,40I A P3COMMON /qLKII JT,ONUC?0),CHI(2C),AML(4O) A A4COMMON /RLKR? EKCCON(20).FN2(100),CN2(I0O),HZi(40),H72f40) A P5

COMMON /BLK3/ NHMH(IOI)XX(1I,~Af42) A F6DIMENSION ATMOnL(6,2), ARSMOOL(7,4l A fTDIMENSICN UNF(7), WH(6,40), WO(6.4O) A M8DATA (UNF(MIH=l1,7/0.O4. 102E42,.O.O IAE4IAl.tikE~tA,3.443E+1 A P.t9,4.•19E÷2A/ A 00

rATA HCONVOICON/3.34F+21I,.255E+21/ A qtPRINT 16 A q2

IPRNT=j A 63IF (IPQNT.EO.i) CALL PRNT A n4VTOP=O A q5PFAD 17, ITP,SEC.KSAM A q6

PRINT IA, TTPSFrKSAM A 97no 1 T=I,, A OA

RFAD 19, CWGIM),M=1,) A 99I CONTINUE A tOo

PRINT 20, (IWG(II,M=?,T7,tI=,6) A t1,0C A I2C K= I TROPICAL A 103C K= 2 MIOLATTTUnE SUMMER A 104C K= 3 MIOLATITUOE WINTER A 105C K= 4 SUBARCTIC SUMMER A 106C K= 5 SUBAFCTIC WINTER A 1.7C K= 6 U.S. STANDARD A tOl

DO 2 J=t,3 A 1n9122=zJ A 11011=I-1? A 11i

READ 21, qIATMfIII).II1.2),Itt,12) A 112n0 2 L=tITP A 113K ITP-L t A 114RFAO 2?, Z(K),IP(IK),T(IK),WH(ITKWO(I,K),IzI.,12I A It1CONTINUE A 116

C A ll?C MOLECULAR DENSITIES ARE ASSUMEr TO DECRFASE EXPONENTIALLY A 11lC BETWEEN CONSFCIJTIVES LEVELS. A 119C A 1'0

KI=ITP-1 A 171

00 6 1:1,6 A t22nn 6 K=I,K1 A 123WRARZ(WH(IK)+WH(ITK1I)/2.O A 174WO3:tWO,(I,K~iWOEI,KCI) /2.0 A 129ICLTAT7=7fK)-7( ÷4j) A 126

WID=WH IIK) /W(4 TK'I) A 12?TnI=WO(TI,)IWO(TK+1) A 125

HHI=-OFLTA?/ALDG(Wln) A 17q

51

!: I

fEN ý=-flFLT A7 IALVGr (W30) A 1i3

0IF (AR SUWIP-i.00I .LTO.1~) GO To 3 A 1.31H(t,1,K)=WHttHCONVi(WH(I,K41(-WH(I,KDI A Ill? 460 TO 4 A 133

3 W( I.1,K3=W8AQ4HCCNV~I)FLTA? 1,1In

4 IF (A'IS(WIC0-1.00D).LI. 0.11 GO TC 5 A IS5W(I,3.K1=WH3

t1CrON- (NO(I,K#1D-hO(IK)D A 136

CO TO 6 A t371ý W(T,1,K)=WO3rO300NUnELTAZ A 1386 CONTINUE a 139

no q 11,6b A 18.0PRINT 2.3, (ATmOOL(t41l),Tl=1,2) A ti-

c A 14?C TNF MiOtECULA &7OFNSrITIS OF UNIFORMLY MIXED GASES IN A GIVEN LAYER A 14.3c TS DIRECTLY PELATED TO THE PRESSURE INCREMENT BETWEEN A 14%r THE LAYER SOIINOARIES. A 145c A 14.6

Or0 7 KlK1l A 1%?Tno 7 M=1,7 A 148IF (NE~~PME.)GO TO 7A 1t,9W(I,M,KD=((P(1,K+j)-P(I,KDJ/l013.O)kIJNF(M) A 1ý0

r CONTINUE A 15100 8 K=1,KI1 A 112PRINT 24. IZ(KI,P(IK),T(I,KI,(W(I9,HIC,W-t.73) A 2%3

a CONTINUE A 154PRrNT 24, Z(ITP1,PfS,ITPI,T(I, TIPI A 155

9 CONTINUE A jE500 10 IT=1,7 A 115?READ 25,.ASOLIII14 A 14,8READ 26, CFAII,JP,ASClI,J),AAt3(IJ),J.~1,Si) A IS9

10 CONTINUE A 1600c A 161C FOR OUR PURPOSES THE AEROS CL EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT ARRAYS A 162C ARE INVERTED, A 163C, A 16%4

00 It I=i,7 A 165Sno It J=1.30 A if1661=61-S4it A 16?TEMPI=FA(r,L) A 168lTEHPZrASC(I,LI A 16qTFMP3=AAR3(IL) A 170FA(I,L)tFA(I,J) A 171ASC(I,LitASC(I ,) A 172AAR(IL)=IRAB(I, JO A 17F3FA( I. J1TEMPI A 174ASC(I,J)=TEMP2 A 175AoAt I,J)=TEMP3 A 176

it CO0NTINUE A t77A) I0 ? I=n,? A 178n0 1? JZ1,AI A 179FA (I, J)=1.OEIO04/FA(I,JI A IF'0

12 CONTINUE A 18 1PRINT 16 A ir2D0 11 1=1,7 A 183PRI NT 2 7, (ISRS toDL(41.I)11 T1, 4) A t144PRINT 2A, (FA(I,JI,ASC(IJ),AAS(IJD.S=1,61) A 18 5

13 CONTINUE A 10614 READ 29, voUNCo A 187

IF (BOUNII.LE.0.OD BOUND=2O.0 A 188t&FWINO 3 A 169IF IVf.FQ.l) GO TO 15 A 190IF IV.LT.VTOPI REWIND 3 A 19tCALL ATMOS (V,RO0UNO,VTOP,SEC,ITF,KSAP4) A An?GO to 1t, A 193

15 CONTINUE A 19%CAII FXTT A IQS,

52

4

r" A 10a6.to FQPP4AT *11411 A jq717 FORMAT f 13,FTr.,I3 11 A lne

18 FORMAT (/f/,/6It X, I TP=#*13/A,3 X, #SEC=-*FG6. 3/63y ,-KS AM=- I I A 190to FORMAT 1?EIO.1) A 200?p' FOPMAT (fj///f4*R,#SFA LEVEL VALUFS OF MOLECULAR ABLNrANCES*/r8X,

4( A 201

IHOLECLILESo'SQ CMi/'M)*/(3?K,7(IPFIO.2))) A 2!9??I1 FDA'lAT (?(AII.411I A 2032? FORMAT (F.,(1.,N ,E01lA 2r4.?3 FORMAT (iHI/,/rMPX,AIO,A6//fI4X,.ALL DUANTITIPS IN UNITS OF MO0100)1 A 2fl r

jFS/S0 CMta.'.R,-CONTAINlF.' BETWEEN SUCCESIVF HEIGHT INCREMENTS.,/44X A 2162,4FIRST ROW IS FOR LAYER FROM 100 - 70 KM.*/0'13Xf,#HT#,1X,#PRFSSURE A 207r.3,,X.*TEMP.,5,XWATFR*,AX,'CAPEON,91OK,'1ITRt)US' ,7X,*0ARBON*/12F,* A 208

SIOE',TX,'MONOXIOE' ,FX,*HFTHANF'. 70, 'OKYGF?-/I A 21024. FORMAT (tABF~,VI..Pt7IESGIA 211.?15 FORMAT (486,) A 21??6 FORMAT 3F.,F.Y A 21127 FORMAT y1///,s6X.'.Ar,//rX,4'.oX,.FRFFout*cy,SXoSCAT*,SX,.ABS')/?X,'.g A 214.

1?X*(O-1*,?I~x~CE~f/)A ?I';28q FORMAT I(0%.kIFIT.3,?FR.S))) A 21(309 FORMAT (?FJO,3) A 217

mNO A 218-SUB9ROUTINE ATNOS (V/,BDUNO,VTDP,SE7CTTP,KSAM) 8 1.

r 800 AECOOL A0SORPTIDN COEFFICIEFNT - INPUT DATA 0 2o ARSOLI MOLFOIJIAR ABSORP

TION COEFFICIENT a 3

o ALFAD LIIIF HALF WIDTH q 4

C ALPNAD DOrPLFR HALF-WIDTH A 0;C ALPHAL LOPON7T? HALF-WIDTH A 6o AHI HEIGHT INCREMENT - INPUT DATA 8 7r ARGO INTE,.MFDIATF QUANTITY ASsOCIATED WITH DOPPLER BROA'IENINr B Ar. 850 AF

0030L SCATTERING OCEFFICIENT - INPUT DATA 9 9

C BsOUND LIMIT OUTSIDE OF WHICH LT6E CONTR19UTIONS ARE NOT 0 toC CONSInFRED - INPUT DATA n ItC (I VELOCITY OF LIGHT R 12c CA HALF-WIDTH TEMPFERATURE COrRECTION FACTOR "I~ ?kC IA5 CLEAP AEROSOL SCATTPAING COEFFICIENT (SO KM SEA LEVEL ? tC VISIAILITYI - OUTPUT DATA 8 15o CAY MOLECU.ILAR ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT - OUTFUl DATA 31 IF

C CWI MODIFICATION TO IHE LORENT7 LINE SHAPE FOR CU? r3 1?r, - TNPUT DATA a 18fC IGONST R1E03A1D45.WHERE R IS GAS CONSTANT AND A 0 19r IS AVOFARDC'S NUMOFR B 20C 051t ROLT7MANN'S TEMPERATURF CORRECTION FACTOR B pi

CS? PARTITION FUNCTION TFMPERATURr CORRECTION 9l 22C C5 2 * !IOLT7MANN-S CONSTANT * AVOGARUD'S NUMBER ? 3'1 06 I /r'I **D. r B 24C DEL HEIGHT INCRFMEWT GFT WEEN LAYERS a8 Ž5

O NU FRrrI)JENCY INCRC1.iFNT ASSOCIATED WITH LORE7NT2 MCEIFICATION 03 20ro - INPUT DATA Q 27fC FPP FNPrPG OF LOWER STATF OF TRANSITION4 B 2p

C GNU LTNF FREQUENCY B3 '0C H ATMOS;PHEQIC HEIGHT (1(m) B

C HAS HA'Y' AFROSOL SCATTERING COEFFICIENT (5 KM SEA LEVEL ; 31fo VISI7I1LITY) - OUTPUT DATA 8 -42O IKI AT"OSPHErIC MODEL INCEX 0 13O. TPRMT PRINT rONTROL. 9 34Ao it NUM9IR OF ABSORPTION LINES n 3R5f, ITO NImJ40R OF ATMOSPHERIC LAYEDS - INPUT DATA 9I 56f, jT NU'HBEP OF FLFA4FNTS IN THE LO2ýENTZ MODIFICATION FACTOR RN 37r' - TNPUIJ DATA R 58 nO. KSAM NUMBTO OF MCDFL ATNOSPNERES - INPUT DATA 8 3K9C H MOLECULAR SPECIE INDEx NU.XOER 8 d. 0C MDL MOLECULE IDENTIFIER (1= H20, 2= C02, 3m 03, 4= N'0, 0 0 .1r 15= CO, 6= 0144, Tý 02) 9 '.2 A

Cl P aTHnPVPHETr LcIJci 0PF7ýVIjC TNP1IT nATA b I

53

C P13A R AVERACEF LAYER FPRESSURE B '44C PEEF EFFECTIVE PRESSURE (INCLUDES WATER VAPOR BROADENING B 4 r,C FACTOR) 3 4.6C PNO WATER fAPUR PRESSURE B 147C PI RATIO OF CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE To ITS DIAMETFR qC RATIO INTERMEDIATE QUANTITY ASSOCIATED WITH LORENTZ LINE .C MOPIETCATION 0 rQC Sý ARSOR lION LINE INTEt~SITY R tSIC IS F0 SECANT ANGLE a C52C ST TEMPFRKTURE CORRECTED LINE INTENSITY 0 13C 7 ATMOSPHERIC LAYER TEMPE.RATURE - INPUT DRT6 9 15'

YUi CLEAR: AEROSOL ABSORPTION COEFFICIENr OUTPUT DATA 0 5 5C TA2 HA?YI AEROSOL AB3SORPTION COEFFICIENT -OUTPUT DATA 8 936C TOAR AVFRAGE LAYER TEMPERATURE 9 g5?C TEMPO 296 (K) ci 58C TM RAYLEIGH (MOLECULAR) SCATTERING COFFFICIENT B q9C - OUTPUT DATA 3Tf 60C V FREQUENCY AT WHICH THE EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS ARE BEING B 61C CALCULATED - INPUT DATA P f;2C WBOT LOWER FREQUENCY LIMIT FOR THE LINE CONTRIBUTICNS. B V.TfC VBOT= V-SOUND 0 BC VTOP UPPER FREQUENCY LIMIT FOR THE tINE CONTRIBUTIONS. 9 6c;C VTOPr V'B3OUNO 8 66C VXY VOIGT LINE SHAPE VARIA'TLE 03 S'C N ABSORBIER CONCENTRATION a IC WO SEA LEVEL VALUES OF ('OLECULAR AUUNOANCES 0 r,9C WTMOL MOLECULAR WEIGHT s BO "V WAVELENGTH CORRESPONEING TO FREQUENCY. V a 71C X VOICT LINE SHAPE VARIABLE B 72C xi LOQENT7 LINE MODIFICATION VARIABLE 9 73C V VUICT LINE SHAPE VARIABLE 6 74O 7 ABSOLUTE DISTANCE FROM THE LINE CENTER FREQUENCY V B 75

COMMON GNU(IOO0).S(iO0D).ALEAO(tOOU),EPPItUOI),NOLCiOOO) 0 76COMMON H(4O3,P(A,4O),T(6.'.U),W(6,T.4O).CAY(6,'.OI,WG(E,7) 8 77COMMON TMfi6,40,TAI'.,40O.TA?fhe,40) 8 75COMMON FA(7,7O),ASC(7,Y?),AABI?.Tf).CAS(7.4O),HAS(1,4O) 8 9COMMON /BLKi.' JT,DNU(20),CHI(20),AML11sO1 B SODIMENSION WTHOL (7), C52(7), ALFHAO(71, DELI!) B AliDIMENSION ST(IIOO) 0 R2DATA C,C5.CS,Pr.j?.99?91E'*1O.1.6629E408,O.56419,3.1I5~,9??/ 8 '3DATA 6WMLI,=,)1.,..4lD''.,B0i..2O ?k 4'DATA (DLI,8,)3..O055O BAsDATA CONST/1.38O258E-24f B 116

C FTC CONSTr (Rft..OE-O1)/ (A'1. 0E05) B PaFC =(8.3144'E.0?*I.cE-03fl'(6.0z3CE+23*o..aE.Os) a agC 8 q9

IPRtIT=O B 0 aIKI-O a 92vRolyvv-BOUND B 93V1TOP=VAOUNU 0 94CALL ROTAPE (VBOT.VTOP,Ii.ITP.SECI B 05

C 00 to IS THE MAJOR CONPUTATIOt6AL LOOP ON ATMOSPHERIC LAYER r q7C WITHIN WHICH MONOCHROMATIC MOLECULAR ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS A OaC ARE COMPUTED. 8 99c B 100

TEMPS=zqAi.0 0 102(10 18 K1t,TTP B 103IE (K.EC.ITP) GO TO 2 8 It",PBAR=(PIIKI,KI.P(IKI,K+i)) #2.0 B IP5TBAPs(T(IKI,K)*TfIII,K+t)) /2.0 B IOnPHOsCONST#T0AH#iW(IKI,1.K)/ABStH(K)-HIKII1)) e 197CO To 3 B Ila

2 PBAR=PIIKt,ITP) 1019

-54

T44PýTflK1,ITP) 6 110PH20=CONST-TPAR*WG (I1(.I) 13 11 1

3 CSt=(TFMPD-Tfl~o)f(TFHPC.'r9AP.0.r95j) 3 112CA=SORT(2966.0,?6A~fR1 ? 11 !

C q 11'4C OETEQMNIN C08RFC7 TEMPERATUJRE rFFENCENUPF OF POTATICNAL CARTITI0N 93 116C FUNCTION 8 116

C8 11700 6 M=f'7 P1liC-) TO (49,,4,S,5,14.), M 11 135

4. CS?(M4)r ITEHP~T8AR)'*i.r5 a 128rO Tef.e 8 121

6 CS?(HI=TFMPO/T9Ac 63 12?6 ALPHAO(N)=5OPE(G5*TRAR/WTMOL(NJ)4*Vf 8 123

On0 7 1.1,1l R3 124.M±MOL II 6 125

1 ST (I)nS(t) *C!a( M)4EY0(-EPP(I) 'CslI 9 126CPY(IK1,KI=0.8 63 127"

o o0 ir LOOP CYCLES THOU ALL ARSCRPTION LINES READ P601' HITRAN TAPE 6 129C ANO ADDS THFIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE A8BSORPTTON CC.EFF!CIENT 8 1inC AT THE FREQUEN4CY, V. 6. 131.C 6 132

PO0 17 1=1,11, q3 ¶~3PitlOL.(1) 6 1314PFFF=PBAR B 135

IF M.Ea I) PFFF=PgAP?+4.0PH20 8 ¶3?ALPHllk=LFAII 4I)

4EEFF-C6/101a3.Q 3 3

l=AB!S(V-GNUIII) 8 138IF IN.NE.2) Xiri.o A 139IF (M.NE.2) Go O to1 9f 140X10a.0 6 141JTI=JT-1 a 164200 q L=l,JTI B 1'.!IF' ZC.~AIIOYL.N(4) GO TO Kt A 1~44GO To q '3 145

8 PATTP. (CHT14il-CHI (L)/ (DNU (L*1)-ONUtL) I q 11.8)C1=RATIC-4Z-DNII(L) '+CHI(Ll (I 147GO TO It 63 14"8

9 CONTINIJF T' 149toI CONTINUE D3 160

C B 151.C IF PeAR .LF. 0.1 M13, PURE7 DOPPLEP ROA01DENING APPLIE'S. 6 1q'C a 16311 IF (PBAR-0.1D) t?12,1213 5 1'4h12 ARGO=ZIALPNAO(mI 6 195

IF (RGIJ.GT.10.1 GO1 1 156AO TO 1? ýafOIOI jsq-AGO*2*(IlMASCILI=C6S/ALPNA MN) SSTI.XI=AG)#21(IC,,) 9 197

C IF PBAft IS 867tWFFN 0.1 AND 10 MD6. WOIGT SHAPE APPLIES. 8 161t

X4 =7/ALPHArOIMI 6 164V=A1PHAL/ALPNAI (HI 6 165VXY=VO 1Q11 B,Y) 6 166iADSCLIsVXY'ST(TI*0.1564j9fALPNAt.(Nl

4I4IKj,N,KI '3 167

CAY(IKI,KI=CAY( !KI,KI +A6SCLI 63 1.BIF MBY.LTý0.0I PRINT 2'.. XY.YVXY a 165gGO TO 1? 6 IT0

C a 111C IF P88ý .GT. 10 Mg, L ME ET? SHAPE APPLIES. 6 17?C B 11315 IF (E(.EO.ITPI GO TO 16 B 174

CAY(EK1SK)=ST(TI#LALPHAL/IPI#(7#7*ALPHAL#ALPNALII *W(IK1.l4.B*X1#CAY R ~l

55

tlII~i.K) 9 1 76GO Ta iz B 17n

16 CAY (IKi,WI =ST( I I4ALPMAL

4WG (IK I M)f (PI'( Z'2ALPHALfALPHALI)rXI,+GAY( 8 17b

tIKI,K) agr1? CONTINUE B INCo1t CONTINUE p

IF (IPRNT.FO.j) PRINT 213, V B ft~

IF (IKI.CE.KSAM) GO TO 19 B 183GO TO I q 181.

19 CALL CONT (V,ITP,K5A94,SECI 9 115C 9 186C EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT FOR HIGH ATMCSPNERIC LAYERS MUST OF B tC C)IVInCEC AT L4 YrP THICKNES'S SO THAT ALL RESULTS ARE TN 9l iqjC UNITS, KM**-j. q 1*9C B io

00 20 11t,ISAM B 10DO 20 K=1,7 lQ2CAY(I,10=CAY(1,Kh.OEtLl 11( 0 13

20 CONTINUE 9 194v~xlaoc~o/v 1q5

PRINT 26, WY,V B 19600 23 KO=I,ITP 9 jt0K(=ITP-KO4I 93 tjOU0 21 11I,KSAM 0 jqgIF (CAY(T,K) .L'

T.t.OE-6) CAY4T,KI =0. a 2 y00

IF (TM(IIK).LT.1.OE-6I TM(I,K)=0. 8 2n121 CONTTINUE 8 202

DO 2? 1=1,t. B 203IF (TA (7, X.L T.1. OF-O6l TAj(I ,K=0 .0 83 78n14IF CA(,IL..-0lCAS(I,Kl=0.0 0 205,IF (TAZ(T.K) .LT.I.OE-05l 162(1 ,KlzgO. 8 201yr (NAS(I.Kl.LT.1.0r-06) HtS(I,KI=0.0 9320? -

22 C.ONTINUE 8 2081PRINT 27, A'4L(Kl,CAV(6,KI,TM(6,KI,(IAT(JhI,K),JM=1,51,TAI(tKI,CAS( 0 209IISIe.,TA2I,KI ,HAS( 1,1( B Z10

23 CONT INUE A 211PRINT ?A F3 212PRINT 29, TA?(4.ITP),MAS(4,ITPI 9 2!3PRINT 10, TAi(3,ITP1,CAS(5,ITPl,TA2(3,ITPl,9iAS(3ýITP) 8 214PRINT 31, TAI(2,IT0),CAS(2,ITP) 8 215PRINT 32, V,8OUNO 9 210PRINT 33, It,GNU(il,CNU(I1) 8 21711=0 8 218RETURN 9 219

C 8 2707'. FORMAT (- X.YVX¶,kN,3E15.6l R 22 129 FORMAT (494 V =T11.4) 8 22226 FORMAT (IMI,39X,-WAVELENGTH = *,F15.6,* NICROMEFRS#/'.0X,# EREQUEN 9 273

ICY = #1 Ej5,37 # WAtENUMBERS,//iSX,,#U.C.#,thX,2(5K,*MIflLAT4I,IX,2(?X B 2242,4

*SUBARCTIC*,I M1Y,=AFPO9OL /17X,*SrANOAFO=,7xTROPICAL=,4Y,.SU8ME 9 2P53f,',5Y,*WTNTFR . X,.CIJMMER, 5Y, 'NINTE

0#,0ICLEAR* .16X ,

4MA27// 3

.?7 FORMAT (AUIIl.,Pq25lEI.12tFI2I~.) 9 2???e FORMAT U,//43X,

4ALTERNATF ROUNORY LAYER AEROSOL PODELS

4//49X,

4CLEA 8 278

1R4,jX,'NAY-/fl B 229

2C FORMAT (?9X,'IJRf3AN -,2(9l- 9 23030 FORMAT t?9X,HMARTTIHC *,2(jPFq3.21,3X,2(lpr'3,21/l 9 23131 FORMAT (?SX,

4*TROPOSPHFRIC',2(IPES.?I,3X,200H ##*9#)t 212O

12 FORMAT (//I2qX.4V=E1l2.3,' BOUND= *F12.3l B 233

N3 FORMAT (29X,11= *,I5,IK,'GNU(1)= ',FiO.3,lX.4GNU(Iil= -,FIE,31 B 234.END0 8 2355-SUBROUTINE 4R1TAPE (VIV?,Ii,ITPS3EC) C i

C ALEAG LINE MALE NIDTH C 2C ALP LINE MALE-WIDTH TIMES THE AVERAGE ATMJOSPHERIC ERESSURE C 3C ERR ENERGY OF LOWER STATE OF TRANSITION C 4C GNU LINE FRItOUENCY C 5rC TrflE TAPE,,nTO'c END flE ETAF COUINT C. F

56

C ITT MOLECULAR LINE SPECIE IDENTIFICATION TAPE/DISK C 7I NPUT DATAC 8

C ITP NUMFR OF ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS - INPUT DATA C 9c It NUmBER OF ABSORPTION LINES C 10c MOL MOLECULE IDENTIFIER 41- H20. 2= COZ, 3= C3, 16= N20, C It1C, S= rD, 6= EN'., 7= 02) C 12c NIREC NUNSFR OF LINCI; PER RECORD C 13o P AT'¶DSPHERIC LEVFL PRESSURE - INPUT DATA C 1t4C PATH OPTICAL DEPTH AT LINE CENTER FOR I - Km SEA LEVEL PATH C 15C S Al;!FOPPION LINE ITEI.ýSITY C 16C SEC SECANT ANGLE c trC TI ASSORPTIOH LINE DATA TAPE/DISK - INPUT DATA C 18Cl THAX MAXIMUM FREDUENCY OF A TAPE/DISK RECORD C ISC THIN MINIMUPd FRFDUENCY OF A TAPE/DISK RECORD C 20C THM INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY STORAGE VARIAB3LE C 2tC V FREQUENCY AT WHICH THEC EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS ARE BEING C 22C CALCULATED - INPUT DATA C 23C VREC INTERMEDIATE MAXIMUM FREDUENCY STORAGE VARIABLE C 26C WRUN TNTERMFCDTATE FREDUENCY STORAGE IARIASLE C ?5C V1 LOWFR FRE:QUENCY LIMIT FOR THE LINE CONTRIBUTIONS. C pAC VSOT= V-BOUND C 2?C V2 UPPER FREQUENCY LIMIT FOR THE LINE CONTRIAUTICNS. C 28C VTOP= VfBOUNO C ?9

C HIS SCALEVEL VALUE1 OF tL~rULAP A9UNDANCES C3NIwlNG LlINE WTNI CCNTRIBUTT.CN TO ABSOLUTE COEFFICIENT (USFO FOR C !I

PRFJ~fnTING WFAK LTNFS) CS ~2C 7 ABSOLUTE TIJITANCF FROM THE LINE CENTER FREQUENCY V C 33

COMMON GNU~io80),S½00oh~ALFAD(1aauI,EPPtII00I,MOLAIGA0) C 36,COMMON 14(40),P(6,4O),T46,4O),W(6,7,40),CAYIG,40),WG16,7) c 3sCOMMON TM(6,403 ,TA114,40),TA2(4,4C) C 36COMMON EA(7,70),MSC(?,701,AA3(7,?0I,CAS(T,40),HAS(?,'.0) C 3?DIMENSION TIUSO.,12), rTIIPSOI C 38

C PREPARE To READ TAPE c '19TTM=O. C 40

IEOE=O C 41V= (V1+V2)/f2. C 42J=1 C 43

I READ (it THIN.TNAX,NTREC,(4T1(I,K),K=1,12).ITI(I),11I,NTREC) C 644IF (EOF(3II 2,3 C 45

2 IEOF=IEOF1 C %66If (IFCF.GT.581 GO TO it C 47GO TOtI C 466

3 VREC=TMAX C 49IF ETTM.GT.TMIN) GD TO I C 50TTH=T4AX C 514IEDF=O C S2IF (VREC-VII 1,4,4 C 53

4 D0 5 I=1,NIRFC C 54

VRUN= i( I j) C 55IF EVRU.N.ISE.VI) Go TO 6 C 56I

5i CON17NUE C 1576 00 9 N=I,NIREC C 58

VRUH=TI IN. II C 59;IF IVRUN.GT.V2) GO TO 11 C bOM=ITIINP C 61CNUIfJI=TI(N~tI C 62SfJI=TI IN,?) C 63ALFAOIJ)=TI(N,3P C 64

EPP(J)=TI(N,4I C 65

"MOL(JI=ITXINM) C 66IIF (ALFAOIJI.GT.0. 0001) GO TO B C 67PRINT t2, ALFAB(J),GNUIJ) C GA8

ALD1= AL F A(( n t1 VIIP))2Uo?6.fn 70

TE (PATH.) r.n.nnflnit flA T; 4f,7

517

ZrAUS(V-GNU(J)) C 73WING-i.0 C 74IF IZ.GT71.0I WTNGsS(J|)NG(itM)ALP'SEG/(3.1415927'Z*'?) C 75IF 4WTMG.LT.l.OE-5) GO TO q C 76,jJA#I C ?7IF (J.GT.I000| G0 TO 10 C 78

9 CONTINUE C 71IF (VREC-V?) 1,ll,11 C Rc

10 PRINT 13 C 8A11 II=J-2 r A2

RETURN C S.

C C 8%12 FORMAT (////3BX,12H'' ALFAC-E-2.4,,3XTHAT GNU-FIO.3,EH C P513 FORMAT (* ODIMNSION EXCEEDED 4' C 16

END C fl-SUBROUTINE CONT (V,ITUTKSAM,SEC) 0 1

C AAB tEROSOL ABSORPTION CCFFFICIENT - INPUT DATA 0 2C ABSOR 8 - 14 MICRON CON'INUUM ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT 0 3C AKCL CLEAR AEROSOL ABSORPTICN COETFICIENT INTERPOLATED AT 0 4C FREQUENCY V 0 sC AKHZ HAZY %EROSOL ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT INTERPOLATED AT 0 6C FREQUENCY V 0 7C ASC AEROSOL SCATTERING CCEFFICIENT - INPUT DATA 0 aC A1HZ HAZY AEROSOL SCATTERING COEFFICIENT INTERPOLATED AT 0 9C FREQUENCY V 0 10C GAS CLEAR AEROSOL SCAfTICRING Cr)EFFICIENT (50 KM SEA LEVE4 n tiC VISIBILITY) - OUTPUT DATA 0 1zC CAY MOLECULAR ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT - OUTPUT DATA 0 13C COONT INTERPOLATFD ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FROM THE NITROGEN 0 1%C DATA TABLF I IC CCt 27311013 0 16C CNCS NITROGEN-BROAOFNED WATER VAPOR CONTINUUM ABSORPTION 0 17C COEFFICIENT 0 15C CN? NITROGEN CONTINUUM ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT - INFUT DATA 0 19C CON MATER VAPOR CONTINUUM COEFFICIENT FOR 3.S-%a MICRONS 0 20S- mPU! DATA 0 21

DOELN? INTERMEDIATE QUANTITY RELATED TO THE NITROIEN CONTINUUM 0 22C DELP PRESSURE DIFFERENCE EETVEEN ATMOSPHERIC LEVELS • 23C FVHI CLFAP VERTICAL SCALING FACTOR 0 21,C FVHZ HAZY VERTICAL SCALING FACTOR 0 75C rVN DENSITY FACTOR 'OR RAYLEIGH SCATTERING COlFFICIEMlT 0 7eC FA AEROSOL MODEL FREOUENCY - INPUT DATA 0 27C FAC INTERMEDIATE INTFRPOLATING DATA FOR THE AEROSOL 0 2pC FREQUENCY DATA U 29C FN? NITROGEN CONTINUUM AESORPTION COEFFICIENT FREOUENCv 0 .0C - INPUT DATA O "C HAS MAZY$ AEROSOL SCATTrFING COEFFICIENT (5 KM SEA LEVEL n 3?

C VISIBILITY) -- OUTPUT DATA 0 13C HAI INTEwMEDIATF VERTICAL SCALING DATA FOR CLEAR AEROSOL J 3.C monFL 0 35r HA7 INTCFMFDIATF VFRTICAL SCALING DATA FW HAZY AFRODOL P '6

SMOCFL 0 '7C 1, IIW 1MFFnATF MOLtCIJLAq SCAYTEPING DAýArET5'.? 0 3C HZI VFRTICAL SCALING FACTO' FOR CLEALQ ACROSOL MOl)L 0 InC - 1NPUT DATA tj 4pC HZ2 VERTICAL SCALTNG FACTOR FOR HAZY AEROSOL MODEL 0 41rC - INPUT DATA C 4?C N2OLAY WATEP VAPOR CONCENTRATION 0 43C IPRNT PRINT CONTvOL PARAMETER 0 44C ITP NUMFR OF ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS - DN1-T CATA C L5C KSAM NUWBFR OF MODEL ATMOSPHERES - INPUT DATA 0 46C LC CLFAP AEROSOL MOPEL INDEX D 47C LH HA7Y AFROSOL MODEL INDEX 0 ifC N PRINT LOOP INDEX 0 4-rC NH INDEX USED FOR 3.5 - 4.2 MICRON WMTER CONTINUUH TARLE 0 50

58 •gI

V2

C P ATMOSPHERIC LEVEL PRESSURE -INPUT DATA D 9?C PgAR AVPRAGF LAYER PRESSURE f)c;C SEC SECANT ANGLE a 9C T ATMOSPHERIC LAYEP TEMPERATURE - INPUT DATA n ;5C TAt CLEARv AEROSOL ADSORPTION COEFFICIENT- OUTPUT DATA 0 sr,r TA? HA7YI AEROSOL ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT -OUTPUT DATA Cl r7C TflR AVE:RAGEF LAYER TEIAPERATURE C 5Apc TOEP INTFRMEOIATE CONSTANT FOR THE 3.5-4.2 tlC CONTINUUM 0 59C CALCUJLATION n f,0

13 TM RAYLEFIGH (MOLECULAR) SCATTERING COEFFICIENT 0 SiC - CUTOUT DATA D 67C TN? ARSOIRPTION COEFFICIEtT DUE TO NITROGEN CCNTINULH El 63C TX5 INTERMEDIATE CONSTANT FOR THE 3.5-4.2 N20 CONTINUUM 0 64C CALCULATION 0 65C V FREDUENCY AT WHICH THE EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT ARE BEING 0 66c CALCULATED - INPUT DATA El 657C. W A9SOPBFR CONCENTRATICH 0 5C WG SEALEVFL VALUES OF MOLECULAR ABUNOANCFS 0 69C XII INTERMEDIATE CONSTANT FOR THE 3.5-4.Z 1420 CONTINUUM 10 70C CALCULATION 0 71.C XT INTERMEDIATE CONSTANT FOR THE 3.5-4.R N2C CONTINUUM 0 7?C CALCULATION 0 75C 2 ATMOSPHERIC HEIGHT (1(M) 0 74

COMMON GNUIIOOI) ,S(1000),ALFAO(1000) ,EPP (i0001 .MOL (1C000 0 75COMMON 7(401.PIS,401,T(6.40),W(6,7,4OI,CAT(6,40),WGEE,7I v 76COMMON TM(6,401,TAi(4,b0),TA?(4..NOJ n 7?COMMON FA(?,TOI.ASC(?,703,AAB(7,70),CAS(7,.bO),HAS(?,4F3) 0 7 PCOMMON /%LK21 FKCPCON(2OIAFN?11001.CNZ(1IU0),HZi(4OR)HZ2(40) 0 79DIMENSION FVHINO0) 0 80IPRHT=O C atCCiZT73.B/1013. 0 0 F?IF (!PRNT.EO.t) PRINT 33, (CAY(M.ITP-i),M=i,51 0 9130-9 IM) Jl.,ISAM C I00 t? Kri,ITP 0 ps(10 1 1=1,4 C 4%

TAI(I.K)=0.0 0 P.

CAS(T,K)0U.0 0 159NASft,KP=0. 0 D Q00

t CONTINUE n091IF (K.EO.ITP) T8ARmT(J,ITp) n' 0'IF (K.EO.ITF) 1730 TO 2 0 93PBAR=(P(JWi4P(J,K41))/2.g 0 04TAAR=tTt.(,KI+TIJ,KIIU)/2-0 n a,

2 IF (V.LT.2?',0.0I GO TO 5 0 06,C Dq7C RAYLEIGH (MOLECULAR) SCATTERING. D0 AMC 09

IF EK.IO.ITP) GO TO 3 0 100W." =1.O/fALOG1 P((J.K+ 1)-T iJ.,K))I/II P(J. k)'T(qJ ,M'f) 0) 101EV M IK I=C~i 4 HM*( (P IJ,KX+t) /T IJ, K 411 -(P(4J, K)IIT(J ,K))) 0 II?GO TO 4 n0103

3 FVM(K)-CC1-P(J,ITP)/TIJ,TTP) 0 1044 TM(J.K)=9.80?E-20#EVM(K)'V'#4.0I1? 0 105

GO TO 0, 0 loS

S IF IV.LT.400.0) CO TO 17 to

IF (VLT-t?50.() GO TO 7 4 0IF (V.LT.?08f0.O) GO TO 17 0) lieIF (V.LT.2350. 0) GO TO i1 n, litIF IV.GT.2800.1) GO TO if 0 112

C 113(1 3.5 TO 4.2 MICRON H20 CONrI'NUM 0 114

FI (V- 2350. ii)/50.0+.1 0 0 011MM-fl~t1.001 0 It

/59

XN=XI-FLOAT (NHI 0 1itS

7 Xr00 CONHM) n 119TX5=TE54XHfCCON(MHHP-CON(NH-1)D !l 120

CCONT=TX,5/3 .34F'?? 0 171tOEp=EKP(4.56'(7.96.0/TBAP-1.0I1) 0 122CNCS:0 t*I

tTO)FP 0 123

GO TO 8 0 174

o D 125C 6 TO 14 MICROM H420 CONTINUN 0 126

o0 127

7 CCONT=(4.ifi*55?8.9EXDC-?.0?E-3=V))#3.3.EI-;?2 VU 128

TDEP=I. 0 12q

IF (V.GT.T00.0I TOEP=EXP(6.08'*(296.0/SBAR-t.O)I 0 19G

CNOS=0. 00? n 'l

a IF CK.EO.ITP) GO TO 9 0 132

M2OLSY-IJ. i.K) 0 1339H?0=4.7t2E-23N2TOLAY/ALOG(Pt(J,K*1l/P(J,K)11 0 134GO TO 19 fl 135

9 H20LAY=HG(J,i) '1 136PN20=1. 38E-24*N2OLAY'T(J,ITP) 0 135?

P8AR=P4J,ITP) 0 1,19

to A8SOR=CCONT'(PH2O'T0FP*CNOS*(P8AP-PH2O))$1013. 0 i13CAY(J,K)=AUSORNH2OLAY'SEC*CAYIJ.KI 0 1411IF (V.GE.2350.01 GO TO it 0 141

GO TO 1? a 142

C 1 143

C COMPUTE NITROGEIN CONTINUUM 0 if44

.0 0 14511 00 13 1=1,90 0 14.6

IF (y.GE.fN2(I1.ANO.V.LE.FN2(1I1)1 GO TO iz 1) 147

GO TO 13 0 14812 0ELN2=(CN2(I9-t)-CN2(Ill/(FN2(I4i)-FN2(11lb a 149

CCONT=0ELN2'(V-FNZ(I11 (CM? CD 0 ISO

GO TO 1I. 0 191l

t3 CONTINUE D 152114 IF lK.EO.ITP) GO TO 15 0) 1413

OELP=P(J,K+1)-P(J,K) 0 154T42=.?R*CCNT*(BARItI3.0)29.4*TAR*IELP101.0)0 155

GO TO 16i 0 156

15 POAR=P(J,ITP) 0 157)42=0. 781CCONT*CPB3AR,1013.0)*fllOOO.0*296.0/t1J, ITP) 0 1108

16 CAT(J.K)!C*AVIJK)+TN2*SEC 0 15917 CONTINUE 0 16.0it CONTINUE 0 141i

IF (V.LT.FAfI,1)) RETURN 0 11.2

C n 163C COMPUTE AEROSOL EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS. 0 168#

C 0 16500 19 J=1t.60 U 1 ,66

IF (V.GE.FAII,JI.ANO.V.LE.FAII,J*1)I GO TO 20 V 167

19 CONTINUE D 161

PRINT II. 0 11F.9

STOP 2 0 17020 FAC.(V-FAl1,Jl)/(FA(1~J41)-PA(1,J)l 0 171

00 3? Kz1,ITP 0 1?2

IF (K.FO.ITP) GO TO 24. 0 173IF (HZI(IC).FO).HI4(K*1) Go To 21 0 1?4

EVHI=HA14(NHiK*1) -H?1('O) 011r6

GO To 22 0) 177

21 EVN1=NZI(K) 0 178

72 IF (NIZ2(KI.EO.NZ2(K+1)) GO TO 23 0 179HA2sI.0/ALOGtN72(KI+1/NZ2(K)) 0 1ý0

IEVH2NHA24(N72(K+1) -N72(K)) 0 lAORI

Go To 25 018M2x11 ,' 4;. rv 172,fieI n1 1Pk

60

CO TO 2.5 Ql V4

24 FVHI:HZ7If(ITV') n 1*5EVH?=H7?(TTP) 0 1 RFý

2;, IF (7(K).LE.130.O.ANO.itkb.GE,3O.O) GO TO 26 n 14Ifl (7( K).LE.19. 0. ANDO.Z(KI .GF.93. 0l GO TO?27 0 lopIP (Z( K) LE,9 .O.AN0. 7 (K)GF .?.a 06b2 TO 20I f) t38%TF (()F...N.(1G..)GO TO 21 o Ino

C METEORIC OUST mO"EL n 9

I 1=7 0l 0Q3CO TO 30 0 19f.

C, CLEARI R0CKGQOI'Nr' STRATOSPHERIC, MAi~t AGED VOLCANIC v 1i1-5?7 LC"5 11 0:

LH=6 r viGO TO 30 0 1q9

C YROPOSPHFRTC MOUFL 1q2e LC=2 71!00

L'A=2 201Go To 30 0 2P2

O RURAL1 MODEL- 0 2'1329 LCC1 0 ?214

~30 AKCL=(&A1(LC,J411.AAR(LC.J))*FACIAAR(LC.J) 0 216AKHZ=AKCOL D 207ASCL=(ASC(LC,3. 1)-ASO (LC,J)) F0C4ASC(LC,JI D 20PASH12A5C1 C0 2091F (LC.EQ.LN) rO TO 31 D 210AKH7 ( AAR(L M,.J4+I )-Aft5(LH, J) ) F ACIA A(lW, J) P 21.1ASNZ=(ASC(LM,J41)-ASC(LHl.J) )

4EAC4ASC(LH,J) 1) 212

31. TAj (1,K)'EVHI1AKCE 0 21TA2(1,Kh.EVH?*AKH7 0 214005 (t,K):EVHI-ASCL0 1HASII,K)=EVMS*A5 SN) C 21IF (K.LT.ITP) GO) TO 3? c 217

ASH2=(ASr:(4,J,1,)-ASC(4,J)l.1AC4isCv.,J) 0 219'02(f4, ITP)=E~JH?*0N? 0 2;?0HA9(1.,ITD0)=EVN?'ASNZ D 221AzCL=(AARto,JtI)-rAo(3,Jfl

4FAC+AA0(t3,J) 0 222

A S CL=( A SC 43. J II) -A 1C (3, J .)F AC A3C(-¶,J) L) 21h.ASHZ=ASCL 3 22514i1(3.IT5) =FVHI

4AKOL 0 22 6

TAP(1,ITP) =PVH2'AKH7 C2'?(15(5, 1P) =EVI

4lASOL P 2?1

HAS(3 IT T) = FVN2HA SNH 0 229 1A0r.1(AA9 Z,J+l)-AAB(?.J)VFAC.AAB(?,J) D 2:12ASC.L=( ASr( ?;J.1 )-ASC(2,))F AGCASC(2, J) ?31'01 (3. IT",) =VH1

4AI* K0L 2'?2

CASt?, ITO( =EVHtA'ASCL 0 21332 ýONTTNUE 24

RE TURN n 211ý

33 FORMAT (5V19,51)T ;? 23?73I4 rOMA ( FRvOIJENCY IS OUTSIDE RANGE OF AFROSOL 0A1A r) 2 3A

END n 239-OUNCTION VnIrT (K,Y) I

COMMON /9LK31/ NH,HN(t0),XX(i0I.A(4i?( F 2

nDIM FN SION R A (5) (19? 0(A32)I, R98(12C, (1 1?) 3(4 4), A K(SI AM() 033 F 3

JC (X-r.')) 1,?4,24. F 7

IF (Y-1.) 6,6,? E a

2 A (11:0. F1

61

C13! 1)0(. F 12R AI ?) =X E5 13CA (FI-Y E5 14RA(2)=.5-X2*YR F5 1-5C13(2) =-2.*X*Y c5 16CBI=CB3(2) F5 17CAl=O. 15 18UVt=Ol. 15 1900 4 J=2,31 E5 ?aJPLUS=J~t E ?JNINUS.J-1 E5 22VLOATJ=JM1 'us 15 23RP k.2..'FLO ATJ ;RT(2) E5 ?4RAt=-FLO&TJ*(2,wFLOATJ-1.I /2. 15 25RA(JPLUS)zR81t'OAIJI-COi#'CA(JI#RAI#RA(JNINUS)-CA1SCA(JNINUSI f5 26CA(JPLUS)=RTi#CA(Jl.C81#RA(JP#RAiOCAIJMINUS)*CAI.RA()MTINUSI E5 27R'1(JPLUS)=RUI*PB(J)-CSI'CO(J)I RA1

4RSlJMINUSl-CA1'C9(4NtI4uS) 15 28

CU(JPLtJSIRRAIMCAl(J)tCIRSIRJ)tRA,1C8!JMINUS) *CA1*R8IJNI#4USI 15 29IF UJPLUS.GE.13J PRINT 31, JPLUS,R.A(JOLUS),CB(JPtUS),vCS(JPLUS),*RBI E5 30

1JPLUS),X(,y 15 31IF IRA4JPLUS).GT.t.~f*10I PRINT 31, JPLUS,RA(JPLUS),CB(JPLUSICA(J E5 32IPLUS) .RB(JPLUS) ,X,y E5 33IF 4C0(JOLUS).GT.1.D15.10) PRI14T 31, JPLUSRA(JPLUS),CO(JPLUSJCAIJ E5 '34IPLUS) .RR(JPLUS) ,x,v E 35U~mCIPU)RIPU)P(PUS)iCBJPLS)I(RSIJFLUSI'R$IJPLUS* 1E 536lCR4J0LUS)*CO(J

0LUSI) F 31

IF (Y.LT.1.S,) GO TO 3 E '18yr 4135(IJV-UI1)-1.E-6) 5,,4.4 15 39

3 IF (ft53S(UV-UVI)-i.015-5) 5., E5 ;04 uvi=uv 15 415 VOIGT=UV/1.772454 E5 42

RETURN T *#36 IF (E-2-.) 7,7,9l 5 1447r AIINT.'. E151.

HlAXz1Ž.4bj.*xk t 4C

00 8 K=t.MAX E5 47£J=MAX4 1-K 15 48

'3 A1NT=AINT'(-7.*X2)/(2.*AJ41.)+j. 5 1.9IJ=-2.*X'AINT E5 50GO TO 14 E5 51

9 IF (E- 4.r, 18,12,12 IEr 52to q(43)=8. E5 53

R(44)=D. £ 5',J=42 f1553

010 it K-l,42 F 5 6

B' (4 O(J i -B(J 2) +A 4.) F7 57

12 -AINT= x 15 fit

*MX-A F C9

15 TAN*2.AA-./(.*;)1 Fi 15571.3 1MA=AMA. E5 73f

IFY (J1)0 161,t 75

17 fl7~=9. . F 71,

.62

0? (3)ýflY(?) F7?

18 AK(1)'0. F IPHI 1)~o. F AD00O 20 Jt.t. F AtYYo-tflY U) E A2tU=VrU*.AK(J) r 11sVV=V4&5'AM4J) E A4AK(J+i)=2. 'IYY*UU+XOVV)'H F psAM(J4'1)a-2.*t1.4X*UU-YY*VV) 'H F 86iIF (1-3) 20,09,20 f: A7

19 A'U4)=2.-AK(4) c £*8AM(4)=AM(4) 'AMI %) F 09

20 CCNOITNIJ E 90Z=7*H F 91LLi .1E 92IJtU+.1bl66666?(AK(2)*2.#AKI((M40K14)AAKIS)) F 03

VtVA.166666?'(AMI2)'AN(3)*AN(3 )tANI'hIAH (5)) E 94IF tiN) 21,29,21 F q9;

21 IF (L-JM) 18,?2,23 F 96212 AJM=i'4 F 07

HtY-AJM*'M E 98rO TO017 F 99

'13 1Iti1745.F 1ooRFrTURN F 101

24 IF fy) 2Si,?r4 ,2c F 102q5 PR7NT 12, Y F 103

CALL FXIT E 104?b IF (0-8. 6,28,27 F 105327 VOITO=D. F 10b

RETURN F 1072m VoI GThI./rX P fx)? I 108

RF TURN v 10920 F=0,E 110

no 79 J-.i,NH II.30 FI=F14+HHUC/Y?2+(IX-XX(WJI)I(YX--X X(J))I .Nt tJ)I Y 2+(X+ XK(j)4)'t+KXX(J;) If 112

VOIGT=OTFI/3. 141,5,2? 1

RETURN F 1

32 FORMAY (I6,%NRA =E1'3.6i,41GB =EiA.6,4HCA =Fi3.t,4HRI =FIO.6,3NX =Ei F 117i.3.6,.3NY =E13.6) F 1±8

3? FORMAT (I8NQFRROR V310T - RATIO LORFNT7/OOP"LEP. EES? 1FNI v 120- aSUBROUTINE PRNT F I?

COMMON /81.61/ JT,O3NU(I0)1.CNI'29).AMLI4O) F 2COMMON /9LK2/ FK'ýCC0I20),V:NO(100L,CN2(100),1121(40),N21140) F 3CIOMMON /30'(31 NHNNIIO),XX010),A(4%a, F 4DATA ITPf33/ F 15PRINT 1 F 6PRINT ?, FKC.(CON(I),1rjl.,15 F 7PRINT 3, 0F8!,NI;1,1PRINT %, .JT,(ONU(TI,!mT(I),TI1,JT) F 9PRINT, 5 hIiIXII1W. F i0

PRINT 6, ((,I,4)F I1

PRINT 7. ITP,(H7I(I),I=1.ITP) F 12IPRINT 8, XTP,(4N2(I',I=1.ITP) F 13PRINT I F 14PRflINT 9, ITP,IAMý1,AI=I:I,ITPI F 15RETUJRN F 16

C FIT7I FOWNAT LI It ) F 102 FORMAT (5110 'MATFR VAFCýý CUNTINUUM COEFFICIENTS- /55V,FCN -3.bý -. F I C,

12 MI5RON'I ICON)*P-/42Y,-FKC(l)=#F7.1it(4IX,6(jIPF9.2))) F 20

3 FORMAT (I///4?X,'-NIIROGFP) CONTINUUM ABSORPTION COFFFICIENTS','621,.* F 21I

I(FNP YR CN7)'I(7TJý*X .1;(OPE .I. I PEt')I) F 2

4 FORMAT (#J///SY,lMOD± sCM UN 10 LOPFNT? LINE SHAPE*/6!X,-(ONU VS F '31CH I)*// 4?X,$JTtW*4/ (E.0Y,c(F6.t ,Fg.?) )) F ? 4

5; FORMAT (tH1j,931,UNPUT DATA FOR VOICT (NH, XX)4/,p'4W,NP=*12/(53X, F 25

i2(IPVI5s~)) I F 266 FORMAT (f//56Y.-INRUT D)ATA FOR VOIC' (A)-//(3?X,t.(lPFFI6.7)) F 277 FORMhT (1///,4-0,.AFRTICAI. SCAL ING FACTOR FOR CLEAP AEROSOL M0DFL~f F ?8

1 FORMAT (///f45X,*VFRTICAL SCALING FACTOR FOR HAZY AEROSOL MOODEL*/o F -1014X,*ITP=*13/143X,rtiPE10g.311) F l1

9 FORMAT (f///5TXOHFIGHT INCREMENTS (AML)4,/4TX,*ITP=

413/(44XSAIO) F 3?

11 r 13EN)) r 34-.RLOCIC DATA G ¶COMMON /1OLKi/ .JT,OHU(?0),CHI(20),AML(%0) G 2COMMON fOLK?.' FKC,CON(20I,FNZ(100),CNZ(100),H'.iI%0),H12(401 r ICOMMON /9LK3/ NH,HH(10)*KX(10l ,A(%2I cDATIA JT.NH ,FICC.'1,3, '350.0/ G S;DATA rCNII1t).3,.S,1?.17.9'.6.lO.2,1? , 61.174,.200,.240,.?80,.330,0.000f G 7DATA (FN2(I),Tt1,9j)/20O0.0.205O.0,2079.0,21O0.0,2l25. 0,2150.0,215 C 8

15.~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ 0,t3026.,1002?.028.028.,100?9.,20.2,?205.0,??iO.0, P215.0,2?20.0,2E?5. 0.2230.0,2235.0,2240.0,2245.0,22 G 10

350.0,2259.~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0,200?6.,200?7.,?0.,?50 20029. C140,2300.0,2305.0,2310.0,2315,.0, 2320.0,2325.0,2330.0,2335.0,23h.0.0,2 G t?

72440.0,2445.0,245,0.O,2455i.0,24E0.0,2469,.O,24?0.0 ,2415.0,214590.,21,8 G 19S'.0,2490.0,2499i.0,?500.0,2506. 0,2510.0,2515).0,2r20.0,2525.0,2530.0 G 16

t9.00F-0),i.13F7-O5,1.36E-0'3,I.66E-0Ui,1.q6F-05,2.16F-05, 2.36E-0)5,?,6 G Iq1

3O5,4.DSE-05,S.7SSE-os,15.65E-0s, E. 00F-05,6.3nF.-05,6. EDF-05,6. 890-05, G ?1

53F-09.9.SS6F-05, 1.0'E-04, 1.?.OF-04.1.36)E-0%,i.92?E-04 ,l,60F-04, 1.690E- G 2360n4,I.AOUF-04,1.RIF-04.1.37E-04,i.23F-0r.,l.19F-04, i.165-04,1.14F-04, G ?47t.12F.-04,.1.2F-0L.,i.IIE-04.l.IIF-04,1.12E-04,1i:F-04,. 1. 4-04,1.1 GI 29820-04,1.IOF-04,t.0?E-04,i.a2v-04,9.q0OE-05,0.5qo-o5,g.oaF-o51,s.eoSF- G 269095,82 0,.5-0,.lE0,.500-05,6. I0F-05, 5.500E-05,4.9CF-05, G 2P

10,8.0,~~ 10015./C3DATA GCTT,=,6i.0 .0.6 89.2.?.0.0.0.1 3 33

iq.31,.2S,. 23v.19,.O.00/ GI '94DATA (HH)I),T-j,3).'7.24b629559E-01,1.5706?320E-0i,k.530O0990E-O3/ G 35D)AT A Xx (1) =1,*31,4.36f??kllo-o t,1.33580SOfOE' DO, 2.35060497E0.oo. ( 36DATA (ACT) ,Itl,d4fl/0.,i.qqqqqqqf-ot,0.,-1.340000OF-O 1, 0.,i.55,83099 rI 3?

29?7300-02,0.,-2.0849765SE-02,0. , 1.11i601iE-02,O.,-5j. 231898E-03, 3..? CI 393.6487634E-03,0.,ri. 17326?OF-03,0,,4.49951990-0+, 0.,-1.93363080-04, G 40

it.65F-05,3.32E-09;,1.SOE-U4,1.clvE-oa,?.42E-04,?.96E-04. 3.520-04.4.? GI 4423E-04,4.92E-4560f6A00Q,64E0,.3-464EO,.?- C .

DATA (Mlflhl,I=1,3s),'q.30E-10,j.50E-07,E.jnE-06,4.(20-06,A.OOE-0e, CI 40

DATA (AML(IhI= 1,33)/ION 70 -100 ,10H 51 TO 0 ,10H 45 -50 .10H C 53I Is ro .1* 19- Itr ) .1n on" -n 1 .1"14 pr -n i1 .1IN Ph pr r. 1 '4

(64

2,10M4 23 - 24 I101 22 - 23 iQH1 21 - 22 .1011 20 - 21 .1011 19 - G 5532 ?0 ,IQH 181 - 1q IO .1147 - 16 .1OK 16 - 17 .10H1 15 - 16 , I0I- I G q6f44 -S ION N141 - 14. .101 12 - 13 I1ON 11 - 12 ,1QN 10 - it 91 (' q5014 9 -10 ,ION 8 9 ,101 7 - a iaml s - 1 1ICH S - 6 G5r5 .101 4 - 5 .101 3 - 4 .10ON 2 - 3 , 011 1 - 2 Ijtl 0 f; 1997- 1 9101 0 A a.e

33 1.000 66.36E622 8.081*20 7.03F415 6.85F1+7 1.64(417 1.9?(410% 5.131'-234. 69F122 8. 2414 20 7. 5 3E416 6.q99147 1 .67(4+17 4. 0OF(4 18 5. 2 3F+2 31.17(422 8.951420 7.53(416( 7.59F417 2.03(417 4.34F4ý18 9.68E+233.051422 8.421470 6.15U416 7.14r+17 1.91f417 4.08(4-18 5.35E&234.011421 9.43E420 5. 151416i 8.300F17 2.14(4+1? 4.57(416 5.98(ý23

1. 9?Fý 229.4i+206.71.91E41? 4.061415 5.341423

0.0 1.0131403 300.0 1.9E 01 5.6E-05 1.013F403 234.0 1.41 01 6.00-O'1.0 9.0401402 294*.0 1.31.ot 5.61-05 q.oZDlbo2 290.0 9.3F+00 6.01-092.0 6.050(4+02 286.0 9.3(400 5.4E-015 6.0201*02 265.0 5.q0400 6.0E-01;3.0 Z.150(402 7P84.0 4.71400 5.IF-05 7.100c:402 219.0 3.31400 6.?1-gE4.0 6.3301402 277.0 2.20400 4.71-05 6.280E+02 273.0 1.91+00 6.40-a55.0 5,.5901402 270.0 1.5(400 4.51-05j 9.540F+02 267.0 1.01.00 6.61-056.0 4.920E+02 264.0 6.50-01 4.3F-05 4.870E402 261.0 6.11-01 6.91-05,7.0 4.320E+02 257.0 4.7E-01 4.11-003 4.260E402 25S.9 3.7F-01 7.50-0;6.0 3.760(402 250.0 2.5E-01 3.q1-05 3.720F402 248.0 2.11-01 7.50-04'9.0 3.290E+02 244.0 1.2E-01 3,91-05 3.240E402 242.0 1.21-91 8.61-0ll

10.0 2.660(402 231.0 5.01-02 3.9E-05 2.f010(02 235.0 6.4F-02 9.00-01511.0 2.470(402 230.0 1.7E-02 4.11-05 2.430(402 229.0 2.21F-02 1.11-0412.0 ?.139E402 224.0 6.01-03 4.31-U5 2.090E+02 222.0 6.01-03 1.20-0413.0 1.8620 E402 217.0 1.80-03 4.51-05 1.790(402 216.0 1.8t-03 1.50E-0at14.0 1.5600402 210.0 1.01-03 4.5E-015 1.530E402 216.0 1.01-03 1.81E-0415.0 t.320Ef02 204.0 7.6r-04 4.7E-05 i.3001+02 2 16 .0 7.6E-04 1.9E-04 416.0 1.110(402 197.0 6.4E-04 4-.7E- 05 1. 110(4*02 216.0 6.4E-04 2.11-0417.0 9.370(401 195.0 5.61-04 6.S1-05 9.500(401 216.0 5.6E-04 2.41E-0418.0 7.890(401. 199.0 5.01E-04 9.0(-05 8 .120(40O1. 216.0 5.01-04 2.e1-0419.0 6.660(401 203.0 4.9E-04 1.4F-04 6.9S0(401 217.0 4.9E--04 3.2E-0470.0 5.6501.01i 207.0 4.51-04 1 .91-04 5. 910tr401 21if!.0 4.5F-04 3.41-0421.0 4.680(4*01 211.0 5.11-04 2.4E-04 5.100E401 219).0 5.11-04 3.6E-0422.0 4.0901401 215.0 -5.11E-04 2.8f-04 % .37 01+0 1 220.0 5.10-04 3.61-0423.0 3.500E*01 217.0 5.4E-04 3.2E-04 3.760(401 222.0 5.4E-04 !.4E-04.24.0 3.0000*01 219.0 f6.01-04 3.4F-84 3.2?01401 223,0 6.01-04 3.21-0'.25.0 2.5701401O 221.0 6.7E-04 3.4F-04 2.770E401 224.0 6.1E-04 3.01-0430. 0 1.220E+01 232.0 3.61-04 2.4f-04 1.320E401 234.0 3.6E-04 2.01E-0'.35.0 6.0001.00 743.0 1.11-04 9.2E-05 6.5200400 245.3 1.10-04 9.2E-05;40.0 3.050(400 254.0 4.31-05 4.11-05 3.3301*00 258.0 4.3F-05 4.11-0545.0 1.5901400 265.0a 1.91-05 1 .SF- 05 1.1600.00 270.0 1.91-05 1.3f-01-50.0 8.540E-01 ?70.0 6.31-06 4.31-6950-126. .10 .10

70:0 5.79;E-002 219.0 1.07 8608.10-21.0 1. 07 8.6F1-0'100.0 3.000E-04 210.0 1.01-09 4.3E-11 3.000E-04 210.0 1.01-09 4.3E-11

19893*2268.7 7.51400 5.4E-05 8.960r+02 282.0 6.01400 5.41-05l2078?+2265.2 1.81400 4.9E-05 7.9291402 276.0 4.21.00 5.61-01'

4.0 6.06114*02 255.7 I8.61-01 4.q1-05 6.1601402 266.0 I.71*00 56fl(-3E5 .0 5.3131+02 249.7 3081-01 r.81-00; 5.410(402 260 aE4oo 6.4E-056.0 4.6271402 243.1 2.10-01 6.4F-09 %.730F+02 253.0 5.41-01 7.j1-047.0 4b.0161*02 237.7 6.51-02 7.7E-05 4.1301402 246.0 2.90-01 7.5E-0;6.0 3.473(402 211.71 3.51-02 9.oF--oS 3.5901402 239.0 1 .1E- 01 7.9F-os9.0 2.9q21402 225. 7 1.6E-02 1 .2F.- 04 3.1071*02 232.0 4.21-02 1.10-0410.0 2.568E040? 21.7 7.50-03 t .6E-0 Ci2.677(402 225.0 1 .51-02Z 1.31-0411.0 2.1991402! 219.2 6.91-03 2.11-04 2.300(402 225.0 q.4E-03 1. K V-lI.12.0 1.60214+02 216.7 (6.01-03 2,61-04 1.9770402 225.0 6.01-03 2.11-0413.0 1.610(+02 216.2 1.81-03 3.01-014 1.700E402 225.0 1.81-03 2.6E-0414.0 1.3701402 217.7 1.01-03 3.2F- 041 1.4601402 225.0 1.01-03 2. FlV70IO.15.0 1.1781402 217.2 7.61-04 3.4F-04, 1.250140O2 2255.0 7.b0-04 3.2E-04

65

2 *00 .6•1OFk El 216.? 5.,5F-04 3 .9F- (14 9. ?F00 t 01 2t5.0 5.6F-04 3.9E-04IF 0 7 . 3o9E0o 21',.7 5.0oF-04 4 . 1-.n4 7. '8 0r7Ot 225.0 5,IO-04 %.1t-0.19. 0 6 .2891401. 215. 2 4.g9F-04. 4 .SF-04 6. 601+ 0 1 2265.0 4.oF-l04 4.101-0420.0 5.37OE4oj 216.2? 4..-W-04 4 .5E-0 4 5. A0+0141 2 26;.0 4 .r- 04 3.96-rk?1.0 4. qE+ 7105.2 .11.F-6n4 4.3F-0 5.0T7OE01 722.0 5.16-04 3.6E-04??.0 3.910F+01 21i. a 5.1F-04 4.3F-0'f 4. 560O+01 726.0 .1-04 34.1'-0423.0 3.340F1l01 215. ? 5.4F-04 3.9f:-04 3. 9 OS041 226.0 5°4E- 04 3. 0F-024.0 2.1140E.01 215.?7 6.001-0'. I .bE-to 3. Prr.0I 226.0 6.96-04 2.01E-0425.0 2.4390E+O 215.6. 6.7F-0'. 3.46F-04 2 .71Orlt 0 ,20 6.7F- 04 2.6E-0430.0 1. 19F+01 21. 4 3.6E-04 1.9F-04 1340F401 ?3. 0 3.6E-04 1.4F-O

o50 5.1810F+00 277.8 1.1f-04 q.?r-Pc 6.610E400 247.0 1 .1E-Oi 9.2r-06'.0.0 2.6306.00 241.2? Ll. 3-0s 4.1U-SS 3. 400E1400 2t-2.0 4.36-05 4.16F-01.4r.0 .290E+00 2659.5 i.qr-05 1i.37-05 t.'IvEO0 274.0 1.9f-05 I,3r-. r50.0 6.820F-01 2656. 6.3-06 4.3 F-0 9.R70E-01 227.0 6.3E-06 4.3F-0670.0 4.6706-02 230.7 1 .40E-0T 06F-08 7.07OE-0? 216.0 1°.4F-0 7 6F-o0

100.0 3. 00O-04 210.2 1.OE-0q 4.3F-11 3.000F-04 210.0 1.OE-03 4.3E-11SURARCTIC WINTE9 U.S. STANOARD

0.0 1.013E403 277.1 IIE'00 14 .I-0F 1 013Et03 2?8.1 5.)E#00 F.-.F-0,1.0 8.87 9E02 ?-9g. 1?Eý00 4. F-09 3.')A6F+02 281.6 4.2?E*0 5.4•E-0?. 0 7.77001+02 2651. 9 9.401-01 4..¶r-0 7 .9506.+02 ?75.1 2.qEt 00 .- 03.0 6.79ME+02 ?62.7 6.8F-01 4 .3F- 7.1 02Ffl? 2F65. 1.?I400 6,06C-D4.0 5.99E+02 24 7. 7 4.1IE-01 4.5.-05 6.1f6F402 262?.2 1.i+00 ,6-01r-.0 5.158F+02 240.9 20- -01 4.7E-05 94G5F640 295.2 6.4F-!] 4.6E-05

6.0 4.467E+402 234. 1 9 .8F6- 02 4 .qr- 06ý .7 2E2+002 249.2* 3.a6-01 4r,967-0a6.7.0 3.0r53602 227.1 .'.4E-02 7.I1-05; 46.11160? 242.7 2.16-01 '..9E-0qR.0 3.3006102 ?70.6 1.1IF-02 Q.oE-06 3.5rsri0n? 236.2 1iPF-6t 5.2F-Isq.0 2. 8?9F*02 717.2 P ,46-r3 1 .66-04 3.0'0p0? ?22q.7 4 .6F-02 7.1 E--05

10.0 2.418F+02 217.2 5.5f-03 2.46-04 ?.66F06*2 223.2 1.3F-02 .OF- al11.0n 2. 067r * 2 W1. 2 I.A6-03 3.2F-04~ 2 .?70F 102 216.8 e .2E-0 3 1.3r-04.12.0 1 .76601402 21F7. 2. 86-03 4.3F-04 I.9406.*02 216.6 3.71-03 1.601-C413.0 1.5106+07 217.? 1.1F-03 4.7f-04 1.665F602 216.6 1.31-03 1.7F-04t4.0 1.291F402 217.2 1.0F-01 4.9V-04 1.41?6*02 216.6 8.4F-04 1.01-Ctt'.0 1.t03E÷02? 2t7.2 7.6F-04 5.6f-04 1.2111E02 716.6 7.26-04 2.1 E-0O1S.0 9.431E*O1 216.6 6.46-04 6.2F-0l/ 1.035FU2•2216.6 6.iF-04 .46F-0417.0 8.0556+01 216.q 5.6F-64 6.?2~O 8.l5590 .t 216.6 5.?F-04 2.Ot6-f418.0 6.88?FO14 ?15.4 5.0DE-04 6.2F-04 7.S%5F501 215.b 4.4t -04 3.26E-It19.0 .875,4FOt 14.8 49 gE-n4 6,0F-04 6.,466F0t 216.6 .4.E-04 3.66-0170.0 5.016E4O1 214.1 4.5E-04 5.6F-G4 5.62!9E0, 216.6 4.4F-04 3.6F-0421I.0 4.2776401 213.6 5;,Ir-O4 5.16-04 4.7291401 217.6 4.86-04 3.1%r-Ct.22.0 3.6(474F01 211.0 5.1E-0% 4.FE-04 4.0476E01 218.6 5.2F-04 3b9F-0t.23.0 3.109E+01 202.4 5.4E-04 4.:3F-O4 31:.4F01 219.6 .71E-04 3.'C-'CQ.24.0 2.6495F41 211.8 I.00E-04 3.6E-04 2.9721:+01 220.6 C,1E-04 3.6E1-0%?5.0 2.2536• 01 211.2 6.7F-04 3.?F-04 2.5490.01 221.6 6.6F-04 3.4 r- 0 430.0 1-0017401 216.0 S.6F-04 1.SE-4 1.197E601 224.5 3.8E-04 2.6E-045.0 •4.701F+60 22P.? 1.16-04 9.2F-05 5.746E+00 236.5 4.6E- 04 1.1c-040.02?.2411400 234.7 4. 3F-05 4 .IF- 05 ? .AP1.*0 0 26r,3.4 6.70-05 4,301-064'.;0 1.1196*00 24T.0 1:.6-05 1.3E-05 1. 4tE0fl 264. 2 3.201-n5 1.11rE-060.0 5.71qF-01 2,q93 6.3F-06 4.3F-OE 7.q786-01 270.6 1 2F-G5 4.OE-O*70.0 4.016F-02 ?24.T 1.46-O7 0 .oE-Oo 5.5206-0? 219.7 1.5E-07 8.6F-0P

100.0 3,OOF-04 210.3 1.0F-09 4.3-11 3.001E-nf 21o.0 1.0E-09 4.56-11

• ?e(0 t. 67• ,rG2M6 ,2501,85•;6 .23174 .3011. E7291 13$551

.3371.0 3735 Oq6;o 4001.31. 0 '0317 .45ý1.05ý05 0705D•stl,0(0O9t• 06' , ,9307 ,06S2 .631 79000 0266 2.69.iq 4 ,?02?6 or,17 9 e60 ., 1221 ,066q 1.059 o38024 U F77

I . 0 I ,CO 6q .0627h 1,.536 ?a0v73 .0 5 qv I. 1 )•O 15Z51 .04432P , 1 tO , 1 21• o0;*7F3 2. ?rO I 139 7 02Aq4 2.5O0q 1015R 0 293 A

?.700 .07'3r 065 9 3.000 08330 05696 3.200 .0939 .020*63.092 .0U9?1 ,0a17q 3.500 09,98 .01503 3.71; . Oq394 .011574.000 .*09001 .01465 4.60o qSl1t .022t9 5.005 07?f?' 02033S.500 . 6q04 .07415 6.000 .05T60 .0?921 6.205 .05E96 03l13

6.6QC .00 1,408 CIP;3 7.200 .0521 . 04713 7.900 ,03074 039048,?U0 Ot340 .0910 8.500 .03919 .07937 8.709 D069? .071259.0(0 .Onl7q .0764q 9.200 .05249 .0719 9.6OO 05477 0E3589-800 .96774 .Oq66 10.000 .057?? .09173 10.591 .024q9 .04001

ll-nflf flSQ72 .0167 1560 .0*2 c.nnnA 38nlP. 42ý.500 .05;170 .03269

i

66

j;,_ Or .05164 .03310 14.000 . 04133 .03OT 14.800 .03SC6 .0385515.,000 .03376 Vi?75 16.400 .04353 .044*07 17.200 .01*912 .048571i.000 .04495 .043R7 1JR.00 .04276 .04286 20.000 .0•4T7 .085577.300 .03958 .049cq 22.500 .03R03 .0485 M .000 .03505 .0173727.900 .03095•04*113 30.000 .02807 .048IT 35.000. 02E01 .01*88540.000 .07311 i 0472

TROPOSPHERICCa.0 ,036Il .59 01 . 290.96557 .?1839 .3001.76630 .11186

.3171.6159? .07429 .4001.36803 .0614 .4681.10225 .04884

.,151.03650 *045'9 .950 .95284 .0471b .633 .79828 .03985

.694 .702S5 03916 C60 .49706 .04326 1.060 .35318 .063361.300 .?3130 .03706 1.536 .16033 .03451 1.800 .09904 °02200?.000 .06761 0lq09 2.2150 .05005 .01146 2.500 .0379? .011572.700 .07650 ,0393t 3.000 .0239A .01589 3.200 .02350 .906713.392 .02133 .0064F 3.500 .02174 .004e3 3.750 .018o 8 .OC4024,000 .01564 .00474 4.500 .011 ,OOF.001 5.000 .00849 .006235.500 .90011 .0010c 6.000 .00401 .010R0 6.200 .00393 .011696.500 .00383 .0176 7.200 .00291 .02036 7.900 .00055 .018018.200 .0001? .0299 8.500 .00121 .04847 8.700 .007A5 .034199.000 .0oO47 .03750 9.200 .00620 .04812 9.500 .00684 .027009.400 .00423 .0 16F 10.000 .00 375 .01095 10.5q9 .00275 .01445

11.000 .00o]" .0110A 11.500 .0018s .0102T 12.500 00122 .0099713.000 .00104 .01036 1h.000 .000T7 .01076 14.600 .00049 .0138915.0(0 .00046 .02374 16.400 .00068 .01*88 17.200 .00092 .15T818.000 .0007? .01324 15.500 .0005E .01345 20.000 .00061 .01530l1.300 .0094q .01616 27.500 .00040 .01553 25.000 .00026 .01555

27.900 .00017 .019t0 30.000 .00012 .01732 35.000 .00009 .0173040.000 .00006 .0180T

MARITIME.?001.18545 .13003 .2501.16060 .05471 .3001.14150 .02800. 371.11526 .0185A .4001.06260 .01536 .4851.01396 .01221.515 .99745 t0147 .550 .98821 .01179 .633 .95556 C0996.694 .91959 .00Og9 .860 .90128 D010S4 1.060 .86W7 .01210

1.360 .82983 .01T1 1.536 .79507 .01207 1.800 .75362 .009182.000 .71'94 .01380 2.250 .677i6 .01062 2.500 .80927 .021252.700 .43992 ,09136 3.000 .32712 .33275 3.200 .45940 .2207?3.3i? .56701 .0v004 3,500 .r84F9 .014164 3.75q .5651 .017184.0 00 .52889 .01985 4.500 .45201 .014247 5.000 .40717 .03660r.500 .34309 .OiZ0? 6.000 .19A35 .14879 6.200 .2A863 .144766.500 .28792 .07387 7.200 .74147 .0!965 7.900 .190'6 .058408.290 .18694 .06368 6.500 .18182 .07119 8.700 .19056 .070519.0OG .19546 .0705 9.200 .17855 .07218 9.500 .16085 .053979.800 .1439? .06227 10.000 .13066 .06245 10.591 .0947 .06R93

11.000 .07716 .08415 11.500 *05652 .10523 12.500 .04623 .1490013.000 .04841 .16?94 14.000 .05440 .17092 14.800 .05001 ,183181±.000 .05950 .186r8 16.400 .066859 .1t60 17.200 .07504 .185801A.000 .07611 t379;0 18.500 .07484 .17523 20.000 .07033 .16056'1.100 .06514 .15090 22.500 .06218 .14325 25.000 .C5367 .1299377.900 .041*11 .119'0 30.000 .0408S .11231 35.000 .03006 .1118?4U.000 .0?533 .11364

URBAN°'001.28721 .67571 .2501.?5108 .547? ."o001.15409 .1791?.3371.06510 .44168 .400 .91711 .40356 .%685 5se4 .35914.515 .71667 .4874 .550 .66572 .33428 .643 .57055 .30266.694 .510q6 .?e669 .860 .382e1* .?54*54 1.gt.0 .25960 .2zss

1.31(0 .71311 .19640 1.536 .16700 .171528 1.800) .1301t9 1524?.000 .11288 .I0q87 2.250 .09833 .12404 2.500 ,08758 .115657.?700 .0'786 .12875 3.000 .flT09 .10754 3.200 .07512 .093463.,392 .07383 .0896A 3.500 .a7500 .08610 3,750 .072S5 .080634.000 .0693q .0773q 4.500 .06220 .07474 5.000 ,05900 .08824

5.5500 .05386 .06613 C.000 .04767 .0647 2 6.200 .048E34 .0649P6.F50 .04496 .06303 7.200 * (4271 08784 7.900 * 03118 .060308.700 .07199 .06560 .o500 .53209 .07916 8.700 .04310 .074169.000 .04414 .07610 9.200 .04181 .08090 9500 .04262 .0603aq.8o0 .04400 .061P1 10.000 .0436! .0603? t0.591 .04350 .05493

t

67

4

13.000 .03961 .04562 14.000 U03713 .045176 14,800 .03275 .0062115.000 .02985 .05316 16i.100 .031.5? .01.051 17.200 .03524 .04.91118.000 .03499 .04595 11,500 .0317f .04505 20.000 .03298 .046qI21.3CO .03174 .0467T 2P.500 .03095 .04552 25.000 .02861 .0437427,990 .02,01 .04246 1 .OOO .021.22 .04226 35.000 .022%8 . 041240.000 .0U037 .04078

BACKGROUND STRATOSPHERIC.2001.481.730.90000 .250t.552710.00000 .300 1.5546 20. 0 000 0.3371.515090.OoOol .1.001.3761t.000. O .4861.1504g90.00000.5151.086510.00000 .5501. Do0 00.00000 .633 .8224.40.0(00.69'. .706iO.090000 .860 .168510.00000 1.060 .288640.0C000

1.3110 .16420 .00002 1.535 .09972 .00020 1.800 .05@17 .0064P.0CO .04055 .0012F 2.250 .0251O .00057 2.500 .015s6 .Qn89?.700 .00931 .00403 3.000 .00632 .05878 3.200 . 00(00 .076713.392 .00627 .0,300 3.500 .00623 .0791? 3.750 .00510 .000o94.000 .00410 .053l 4.5;00 .00242 .04@522 5.000 .00145 .0t325.500 .00103 .05704 6.000 .00105 .05263 6.200 .O0080 .0§3046.500 .00055 .032A3 7.200 .00019 .04437 7.900 .0005U .118178.200 .00077 .14631 P.500 .00095 .14%76 8.700 .00096 .12640q.000 OO72 a0qE17 9.200 .0005A .08722 9.500 .00071 .099879.0oo .00067 .07256 10.000 .00049 .04q71 10.591 .00027 .04041

11.000 .00026 .05710 11.500 .00026 .03519 12.500 .00013 .0196213,000 .00010 .01930 14.000 .0000? .01860 14.800 .00095 .0189015.000 .00005 .0194. 16.400 .00004 .03661 17.200 .0005 .0414718.000 .00905 .02311?t t.500 OOOOA .01710 20.000 .00002 .013%311.300 .00002 .01617 22.500 .00002 .01530 25.000 .00000 .0083627.9(0 .01001 .00".0 30.0oo .00001 .OO332 35.0000. 00000 0058040.0100.00000 ,00592

oA9n VOLCANIC.200 .70061 4488tR .250 .qoo90 .28179 .3001.0790A .1262.3771.09515 *,0847 M.00160662 .07244 .88t. 00303 305962.51r .97994 .05151 .550 .94729 .05271 .633 .86756 .04193?.694 .80787 .0.0•4 f'.60 .C.5695 .03178 1.060 .50565 -02495

1.3(0 .3cc 931 .01801 1.536 .26400 .03.•q tVQr1 ,13848 .0ql9P.0 aPC .13533 .010 I .q 750 .10205 .Og0hT 2.'50 . 0 7g .1at4 32.700 .06340 000M 4 ? 3.000 *051Z6 .00949 3.200 *04262 *00936

1.3q2 .03761 .00743 3.500 .03435 .00E54 1.750 .02913 .004684.000 .02394 .0039q 4.500 .017T7 .00319 5.005 .01204 .003355.j00 .o006q *09o6 0 6.000 .0n057 .0041.t 6.200 .0016T , C5256.500 .0037 .00655 7.200 .00?S0 .01112 7.900 .00136 .01C65?0.790 .00099 .021 0 8.500 .90250 .02216 8.700 .00181 .024389.000 .0060? * 07516 Q.200 0 05173 .0255 9.500 00518 *0 28119.800 .007175 .0174o 10.000 .0C449 .0909q 10.5q1 .00322 .02859

11.900 .03260 .07511 1!.500 .00191 .022A2 12.500 .ooO90 .01.2313.010 .00071 .01530 14.000 * C5001.E o0 141,7 14.-00 .00033 . 0153215.000 .00037 .01635 16.i.400 0002 0 .01E20 17.?00 .00029 .0170618.000 .00031 .0106 19.50U .00031 .01741 20.009 .00026 O13lq21.300 .30003 .0191 272.50U .00020 .01D4 25.0fl0 .00014 .0103827.9(0 .0000A .010C 2 30.000 .0000W .0124 35.000 .00003 .0119240.900 .9000? .013?8

MVTpOqIC nUST.C01.3595.001.3 .I501.05670 00099 .399t.n7716 .0011?

.3!71.05976 .00181 .4001.04063 .00260 .4R8t.oi01 .0038?.5151.30774 .90101 .550 .99434 .00506 .633 .96565 .00664.104 .94j158 ,O§5C3 .060 t 755E .31212 1.1.0 .U96q9 .01827

1.900 .70574 .0l716 1.536 .6232 5 10.175 1.800 59895 .04998F.0 0 .41t221 .O1-1. 2.250 .4199E .02539 2.509 ,35731 .0891.3?.790 .31622 .100o0 3.000 .716452 .1161I 3.200 .23667 .125399.397 .?14616 .13301 3.500 iW1.1.162 3.759 .184.53 .14491.4.000 .17001 .147•2 4.500 .15088 .14032 5.00 .13719 .137?85.510 .1ro .1 ,1271ý3 6.000 * 11435 .11t83 6.200 100943 .107126.590 .19177 M10075 7.200 *001.6 Cq0904 7.900 *06170 ,087378.210 nr0537 .0-9Oq 8.500 .0432E *09610 8.719 .03775 *W1005

9.000 .09151 .119n? 9.200 .02962 .131.39 9.5[10 .03129 .16307q9.8O .0569? .1A824 10,000 .01.5q5 .iq44 10.591 .04385 .200q9

1.13 .95C0 c;296. *74QVý J10.59 .11.' (-.C718F4 17 1 ?. 59 .j005S90 0 q57m13.003 .09081. ,0907 14.B000 .33960 0•176 14.809 .2937 .06566V1..070 .0763.09641?3 16.400 .07?2 .12330 1T.203 .01022 .10549IA.000 .01767 1398.39 18.500 S (2167 b16191 70 .000 * 0 ,86 *13158

21.300 20?356 1991'K 6 0.500 PtR47 .10.25 75.000 .02319 1j758427.0qo .U0551 .UT749 30.000 U01763 .06758 35.000 .01360 .03695.0.000 .00864 .03925

(38 )

.!

Appendix B

Extinction Coefficient Charts for Selected Loser Frequencies

Extinction Coefficients are provided for a selected list of the laser emission

frequencies identified in Tablc 7. Results are provided for six geographical

models and two aerosol models. The total extinction coefficient (-y) for a given

atmospheric layer is determined by summing the four quantities kmI am, k and

aa as indicated in Eq. (1) of this report. The units of all quantities are kn-1.

Therefore, the total transmission for a horizontal path is obtained by application

of Eq. (6) to the total. extinction coefficient as obtained from the chart. For sea

level conditions, if the Rural aerosol model is not appropriate to a specific appli-

cation, results are provided at the bottom of each chart for three additional

boundary layer aerosol models. However, it should be noted that results are not

provided for the "Clear" (50 km Met. Range) Urban model as the model is simply

not applicable to very clear si.tuations. Similarly, results are not provided for

the "Hazy" (5 km Met. Range) Tropospheric model as this model is not to be used

under limited visibility conditions. It is suggested thai linear interpolation be used

to obtain extinction coefficients for Meteorological Ranges between 5 and 50 km.

For vertical or slant atmospheric paths, extinction coefficients can be ob-

tained by summaidon of extinction coefficients in appropriate columns, excluding

the first row of the chart. All values are provided in the unit, lkn-, and entires

are made for each 1-kin interval from the surface to 25-kni altitude, thus reducing

the problem to this simple summation. For altitudes above 25 kmn, it is necessary

69

I

to multiply the values read from the chart by the height increment corresponding

to the layer. For sLant path calculations, the total extinction value for the verti-

cal path must be multiplied by the secant of the zenith angle before application of

Eq. (7).

= exp [sec 0 1 ( (7)

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At,'G, -T'1-78-0029ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH tPAtIERS, NO. 62231 JANUARY 1978

Atmospheric Transmission of Laser Radiation:Computer Code LASER

R.A. McClatchbeyA. P. D'Agati

E rrata

Insert the following on page 111;

Figures C1 and C2 are based on the U.S. STANDARDATMOSPHERE, 1962 model shown on page 31.

~~1

AIR FORCCE GEOPHYSICS LABORATORYAIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMANDUNITED STATES AIR FORCEHANSCOM AFB, MASSACHUSETTS 01731

Appendix C

Calculated Transmission Spectra for 10-knm Horizontal Pathsat Sea Level and 12-kmn Altitude

Table Cl defines the spectral plots provided. Note that two have been,

omitted: Figure Clk because it is completely opaque over the entire spectral

range and Figure C2c because it is completely transparent over the entire spec-

tral range.

111

Table C1. Speitral Plots 6orCtained in Fiures C1 in)d C2

Figure Spejwtral Eange 1,ignret Spcctral lalllg•No. (cm 1) No. (em 1)

(C 1 740-B0(1 ('2a 7404-8OO

Clb 800-8610 02b 800- 8(i)

C Ic 886U-!120 C2 c 864-921) transparent

Cad $20-00 C62d 2')20-981)0

C: le s80-1040 Ci2e 901)0-104(0

Cif 1040-1100 C2f 10,10-110(

C ig 1100- 191) .'2g 100- 1;IG

C 1- 0 11i0-122 0 13;I-1220

C li 122 0- 1280 B 2i 122 0- 1281)

CIj 1280-1340 ( 2i 12 10- 13.40

C(1k 1340)-1400 opaque (2 k 1:4o(- 3.400)

CI1 1880-1940 C21 1160; o- 1)44o

C ln 1940-2 0)) C2m 1!40 -2 o00

Cin 2000-2060 C2 n 2)000 -2 0((10

Cia 2 06 40-2 12 . C:, ( 2 0(1 -2 12 0

C ip 2120(-2180 C21p 2 120)-2 180

C 1q 230N0-2420 C2q 2300-2420)

Ci 242 0-248G Ct'2- 24240-2480

C Is 2480-2540 (,2s 2480-2540

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C iu 2 (610) -2 41( C2 Li 2 400 .-2 (;4) 0

CIv 2G60-272)0 C2v 26G)m1-2720

Ciw 27201-2780 C2w 2720-2780

CIx 2780-2840 ('2x 2781)1-2840

Cly 2840-2900 C22y 2840-2900

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112

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