SATELLITE SYSTEM

Course: Introduction to RS & DIP

Mirza Muhammad WaqarContact:

mirza.waqar@ist.edu.pk+92-21-34650765-79 EXT:2257

RG610

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Contents

Satellite Remote sensing Remote Sensing Process Sensor types Major satellites system Resolutions

Low Resolution Satellite Systems Medium Resolution Satellite Systems High Resolution Satellite Systems

Satellite Orbits

Polar orbiting, sun synchronous.‐ ‐ approx 800 900 km altitude, 90 100 minutes/ orbit, round ‐ ‐

the Earth in a polar direction and with each orbit pass over the equator about 30 degree west of the previous orbit.

Geostationary (geo synchronous).‐ approx 35,900 km altitude, 24 hrs/orbit stationary relative to Earth.  traveling at the same speed as the rotation of the Earth.

Characterizing the Resolutions

With respect to Spatial resolution:o High spatial resolution: < 4 mo Medium spatial resolution: 4 m  30 m‐o Low spatial resolution: > 30  m With respect to Spectral resolution:o High spectral resolution: > 15 bandso Medium spectral resolution: 3  15 bands‐o Low spectral resolution: < 3 bands With respect to Temporal resolution:o High temporal resolution: < 3 dayso Medium temporal resolution: 3  16 days‐o Low temporal resolution: > 16 days

High Resolution Satellite Systems  Sensors

 Satellite/ Sensor  

Ikonos Space Imaging, USA

SPOT France

Quick Bird Digital Globe, USA

GeoEye 1 GeoEye, USA

World-View 1 Digital Globe, USA

OrbView-3 OrbImage, USA

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Ikonos

System IkonosOrbit Sun‐synchronous, 681 kmSensor Optical Sensor Assembly (OSA)Swath 11 kmRevisit Time 1‐3 daysSpectral Bands (µm)

0.45‐0.52 (1), 0.52‐0.60 (2), 0.63‐0.69 (3), 0.76‐0.90 (4),0.45‐.90(PAN)

Spatial Resolution

1 m (PAN), 4 m (bands 1‐4)

System Ikonos

Orbit Sun synchronous, 681 km‐Sensor Optical Sensor Assembly (OSA)

Swath 11 km

Revisit Time 1 3 days‐Spectral Bands (µm)

0.45 0.52 (1), 0.52 0.60 (2), 0.63‐ ‐ ‐0.69 (3), 0.76 0.90 ‐(4),0.45 .90(PAN)‐

Spatial Resolution

1 m (PAN), 4 m (bands 1 4)‐

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Ikonos image

1m IKONOS view of Dubai

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Ikonos Image

1m IKONOS pan image of Rome

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SPOT

SPOT (Systeme Pour l’ Observation de la Terre)• SPOT 1 launched 1986, decommissioned and the

reactivated in 1997• SPOT 2 launched 1990, still going • SPOT 3 launched 1993 and stopped functioning 1996• SPOT 4 launched in 1998, still going• SPOT 5 launched in 2002

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SPOT series

Satellite Launched Sensors Revisit(nadir Viewing)

SPOT 1 1 Feb 1986 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days

SPOT 2 Dec 1990 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days

SPOT 3 Sept 1993 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days

SPOT 4 March 1998 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days

SPOT 5 May 2002 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days

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SPOT

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SPOT 5 Satellite Image - Manchar, Pakistan

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Medium   Resolution Satellite Systems and Sensors

Satellite / Sensor

Landsat National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA

MODIS NASA, USA

ASTER NASA, USA

IRS India

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LANDSAT

First started by NASA in 1972 but later turned over to NOAA.

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LANDSAT series

Satellite Launched Status Sensor Revisit

LANDSAT 1 July 23, 1972 expired, January 6, 1978

RBV, MSS 18 days

LANDSAT 2 January 22, 1975 expired, February 5, 1982

RBV, MSS 18 days

LANDSAT 3 March 5,1978 expired, March 31, 1983

RBV, MSS 18 days

LANDSAT 4 July 16 ,1982 decommissioned, June 15, 2001

TM, MSS 16 days

LANDSAT 5 March 1, 1984 TM still operational! MSS instrument decommissioned

TM, MSS 16 days

LANDSAT 6 October 5, 1993 Lost at launch ETM

LANDSAT 7 April 15,1999 operational despite Scan Line Corrector

(SLC) failure May 31, 2003

ETM+ 16 days

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LANDSAT 7

System Landsat‐7Orbit Sun synchronous, 705 km‐Sensor ETM + (Enhanced Thematic Mapper)

Swath 185 km

Revisit Time 16 days

Spectral Band (µm) 0.45 0.52 (1), 0.52 0.60 (2), 0.63‐ ‐ ‐0.69 (3),0.76 0.90 (4), 1.55‐ ‐1.75 (5), 10.4 12.5(6), 2.08‐ ‐2.34(7), 0.50 0.90 (PAN)‐

Spatial Resolution

15 m (PAN), 30 m (bands 1‐5, 7), 60 m (band 6)

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Spectral band of Landsat

1 0.45 0.52 ‐(Blue)

Coastal water mapping, sediment mapping, pollution & haze detection

2 0.52 0.60 ‐(Green)

Chlorophyll reflectance peak, vegetation species mapping, vegetation stress

3 0.63 0.69 ‐(Red)

Chlorophyll absorption, plant species differentiation, biomass content

4 0.76 0.90 ‐(NIR

Vegetation species and stress, biomass content, soil moisture

5 1.55 1.75 ‐(SWIR)

Vegetation soil delineation, urban area mapping, snow cloud  differentiation‐ ‐

6 10.4 12.5 ‐(TIR)

Vegetation stress analysis soil moisture and evapotranspiration mapping, surface temperature mapping

7 2.08 2.34 ‐(SWIR

Mineral and rock type mapping, water body delineation, ‐vegetation moisture content mapping

8 0.50 0.90 ‐(PAN)

Medium scale topographic mapping, image sharpening, snow‐ ‐cover classification

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LANDSAT Imagery

shows wetlands, urban, open water, forest

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Low Resolution Satellite Systems

Geostationary

Meteosat European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)

GOES United States' National Weather Service (NWS) operations, NOA

GMS The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and the Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan

Polar orbiting

NOAA Series NOAA, USA

Feng Yun Series (polar orbiting)

China Meteorological Administration, China

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Meteosat

Meteosat

Geostationary meteorological satellites Operator:  EUMETSAT Start of Program: 1977

Three Phases:• –Meteosat Operational Program (MOP) 1977  1995‐• –Meteosat Transition Program(MTP)1995 2004‐• –Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) 2004 onwards Current satellite Meteosat 9 (MSG 2)‐ ‐

Meteosat

System Meteosat 8‐Orbit Geostationary

Sensor SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced VIS and IR Imager)

Swath Full Earth Disc

Revisit Time 15 minutes

Spectral Bands (µm)

0.5 0.9 (PAN), 0.6, 0.8 (VIS), 1.6, 3.9 (IR), 6.2, 7.3  ‐(Water Vapor (WV)), 8.7, 9.7, 10.8, 12.0, 13.4 (TIR)

Spatial Resolution

1 km (PAN), 3 km (all other bands)

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Meteosat imagery

West Africa dust storm

Spatial, Spectral & Temporal Resolution

Spatial, Spectral & Temporal Resolution

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Questions & Discussion