Satellite Remote Sensing (Formic Acid)
-
Upload
federico-karagulian -
Category
Education
-
view
113 -
download
0
Transcript of Satellite Remote Sensing (Formic Acid)
First global observation of organic compoundsfrom the IASI infrared sounder:
HCOOH and CH3OH
Federico Karagulian1, Lieven Clarisse1, Ariane Razavi1, Cathy Clerbaux2, Pierre Coheur1, Daniel Hurtmans1 ,Trissevgeni Stavrakou3 and Jean-François Müller3
1Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphere, Sevice de Chimie Quantique et de Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium 2UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France. 3Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
IASI instrument and observing mode (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer)
• Spectral coverage = 645-2760 cm-1
• Spectral resolution = 0.5 cm-1
• Radiometric noise ~ <0.1-0.2 K
MetOP
• 12 km pixel x 4 @ nadir • 120 spectra along the swath (±48.3°
Scan 2400 km), each 50 km along the trace
IASINadir looking FTS
IASI
MetOp: First European meteorological platform on polar orbit (EPS system)
Broad spectral coverage without gaps
Medium spectral resolution
High radiometric performances
Small ground pixel size
Global coverage twice daily (morning and evening orbits)
IASI
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 26000.0
2.0x10-6
4.0x10-6
6.0x10-6
8.0x10-6
1.0x10-5
1.2x10-5
1.4x10-5
CH4
HODH2
16O
H218O
H216O, HOD
N2O, CH4
O3
HNO3
CFC11, CFC12
CO
CO2, N2O
Ra
dia
nce
(W
/ c
m2 sr
cm-1)
Wavenumber (cm-1)
CO2
Ts=275 K
SA/CNRS – ULB
Thermal + reflected solar radiation (daytime)
Level 1 radiance spectrum
IASI instrument and observing mode
Radiance accuracy within 0.5 K above oceanIllingworth et al., ACPD 2009
IASI
HCOOH
CH3OH
LATMOS/IPSL - ULB
Global mixing ~1 year
Hemispheric mixing: ~1-2 months
PBL mixing: ~few hours
CO2
Sec.
hour.
Day
Month
Year
10 Years
climate
Chem
istry and transport
Chem
istry and sources
NH3
CFC12CFC11N2OCO2CH4OCS
COO3HNO3SO2H2O + IsoVOCs
IASI contribution to atmospheric composition measurementsIASI species
IASI ACP special issueWith about 25 papers
Trace gases
HCOOHCH3OH
HCOOHCH3OH
Influence on the globalradiative forcing
HCOOHCH3OH
Primary + secondary
Secondary
Biogenic 72%
Anthrop. 12%
Biomass burning
16%
ISOPRENETerpenes
Ethene (C2H4)
EDGARv3.3Biogenic EmissionsMEGAN-ECMWF
(Muller et al. 2008)
Ethyne C2H2
HydroxacetoneGlycolaldehyde
Pyorogenic emissionsGFEDv2
(Van der Werf et al. 2006)
Primary + secondary
*Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA)
SOURCES OF FORMIC ACID (HCOOH)
Use the IMAGESv2 global CTM* to simulate HCOOH HCOOH lifetime: 7 days
Global annual HCOOH emission: 8.9 Tg/yr
Plant growth 65%
CH4 oxid. 12 %
VOCs oxid. 4%
Anthropogenic 5%Fires 3%
SOURCES OF methanol (CH3OH)
Use of IMAGESv2* to simulate CH3OHCH3OH lifetime: 9 days
Global annual CH3OH emission: 204 Tg/yr
Primary
Plant decay 11%
Biogenic Emissions
Primary
*Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA)
Biogenic Emissions
ProfilesAveraging Kernels for total HCOOH column
HCOOH observation in USA: retrieval with Atmosphit
Used a priori profile from IMAGESv2 model
IASI Radiance spectrum1.1x10
-3
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
Rad
ianc
e (W
/m2 s
r m
-1)
1109110811071106110511041103wavenumber (cm
-1)
RMS = 2.746e-06 (W/m2 sr m
-1)
[HCOOH] = 1.31e+16 molec/cm2
)
HCOOH
H2O
11401130112011101100109010801070wavenumber (cm
-1)
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
Tra
smitt
ance
(a
.u)
HCOOH (reference) 1105 cm
-1
1103-1109cm-1 (baseline); 1105 cm-1 (target) for the calculation of the Brightness Temperature
Difference (BTD)
320
315
310
305
300
295
290
285Bri
gh
tne
ss T
em
pe
ratu
re (
K)
1109110811071106110511041103wavenumber (cm
-1)
IASI spectrum in BT Simulation of HCOOH
HCOOH x 10
H2O
DOFland = 1.25
DOFocean = 1.5
0-18 km 6 partial columns of 3 km thickness Good correlation between HCOOH column and BTD
(*)HCOOH total column (1016 molec./cm2)/ BTD (K)
Countries Slope(*)
Australia 0.8339
China 0.7049
USA 0.6187
East EU 0.7409
India 0.7301
Brazil 0.7719
Africa 0.7126
Mexico 0.6643
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
HC
OO
H c
olum
n (1
01
6m
olec
./cm
-2)
3.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.0BTD (K)
slope = 0.618e+16 (molec./cm-2
)/KR=0.8922
(10
16 mo
lec
./cm
2)
(Ke
lvin
)
Retrievals for HCOOH in the region (1103.74-1109.75 cm-1): USA
Correlation = 0.892
A priori [HCOOH] total column = 2.9074e+15 molec./cm2
IMAGESv2 model 2008 (HCOOH: January 2008 - December 2008)
biomass burningbiogenic
anthropogenic biomass burning
biogenic
HC
OO
H co
lum
n (10
14 mo
lec./cm2)
biogenicanthrop. anthrop.
biogenicbiomass burning
anthtop.
biomass burningbiogenic
biomass burningbiogenic
biogenicbiomass burning
anthrop.
HCOOH Total Column (June 2008 - May 2009)
not seenin the model
anthrop.
biogenicbiomass burning
anthtop.
biomass burningbiogenic
biomass burningbiogenic
biogenicbiomass burning
anthrop.
HCOOH Total Column (June 2008 - May 2009)
First background filtering: transport observed
HC
OO
H co
lum
n (10
14 mo
lec./cm2)
no HCOOH observed above tropical forests
biogenicanthrop.
not seenin the model
Mainly biogenic HCOOH emissions over tropical forests
HC
OO
H co
lum
n (10
14 mo
lec./cm2)
Difference between IASI (filtered) and BIRA model (2008)
(10
16 mo
lec
./cm
2)
(10
18 mo
lec
./cm
2)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
HC
OO
H c
olum
n (1
01
6 m
olec
./cm
2)
4.03.53.02.52.01.5CO column (10
18 molec./cm
2)
Correlation factor = 0.9
Correlation between HCOOH and CO emissions from fires in Africa
Savanna burning
CO emission HCOOH/CH3OH emission
High correlation
Fires(from MODIS)
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0
(HC
OO
H)
BT
D (
K)
2.01.51.00.50.0(CH3OH) BTD (K)
correlation factor = 0.702
(10
16 mo
lec
./cm
2)
Correlation between HCOOH and CH3OH; biogenic emissions?
(Ke
lvin
)
(10
18 mo
lec
./cm
2)
Good correlation between HCOOH and CH3OH
Low correlation between CO emission from fire and HCOOH/CH3OH
Fires
HCOOH and CH3OH might be correlated to biogenic emissions (in addition to biomass burning)
Not only biomass burning
CH3OH (September 2008 - July 2009)
Mainly plant growth emissions from the
model IMAGESv2
CH4 oxidationbiomass burning
biogenic
anthropogenic
1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080-2.0x10-5
-1.5x10-5
-1.0x10-5
-5.0x10-6
0.0
5.0x10-6
1.0x10-5
radi
ance
[W
/m2 s
r m
-1]
wavenumber [cm-1]
residue residue - ch3oh ch3oh simulated
rms=2.650e-6 BT=1.072
20090508
IASI Radiance spectrum (Mexico)
http://www.fao.or/
Correlation between vegetation and HCOOH emissions
herbaceousshrubs
shrubs
shrubs
shrubs
shrubs
shrubs
grass
cultivated
cultivated
cultivated
trees
trees
herbaceous
desert
desertshrubs
Not only biomass burning
Correlation between vegetation in Africa and HCOOH
herbaceous
shrubs
trees
shrubs
grass
shrubs
desert
April 09
March 09
August 08
October 08
Biomass burning
+ biogenic
Conclusions
First global observations of HCOOH and CH3OH (still at a qualitative level)
Outlook Optimization of the background filtering
Optimization in the assignation of anthropogenic and HCOOH/CH3OH biogenic emissions
Preliminary comparison with model IMAGESv2 shows some correlations.
Additional observation from IASI show: Not seen biogenic emissions above tropical forests Biogenic emissions above shrublands Anthropogenic emissions over the US and India
Sources
Transport