Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach [email protected]
description
Transcript of Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach [email protected]
![Page 1: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 1
Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios
Rolf Dach
[email protected] Institute, University of Bern
Localisation précise par moyens spatiaux
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Ecole d’Eté 2012, HEIG-VD, Yverdon-les-Bains (CH), 3-7 septembre 2012
![Page 2: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 2
GPS/GLONASS/Galileo constellations
Ground tracks and their repetition rates Observing satellites by a typical global tracking network Sky plots and their repetition rates Number of observable satellites PDOP and its spectra
![Page 3: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GPS constellation
Orbital elements for GPS satellites
Semi-major axis:
Eccentricity: (circular orbit)
Inclination:
Orbital planes
Number of planes: 6 plane at º
Satellites per plane: 4 irregularly distributed
= 24 nominal constellation (currently 32 active)
Repetition rates
Revolution period: 11 h 58min
Repetition of the constellation: 1 sidereal day
Repetition of the geometry: 23 h 56min 1 sidereal dayRepetition of the constellation means that the same satellite has to be over the
same position of the Earth.
![Page 4: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 4
GPS constellation
![Page 5: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GPS constellation
Ground track for G06 for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
![Page 6: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GPS constellation
Ground track for G06 for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
![Page 7: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GPS constellation
Ground track for all GPS satellites for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
![Page 8: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GLONASS constellation
Orbital elements for GLONASS satellites
Semi-major axis:
Eccentricity: (circular orbit)
Inclination:
Orbital planes
Number of planes: 3 plane at º
Satellites per plane: 8 regularly distributed
= 24 nominal constellation (currently 24 active)
Repetition rates
Revolution period: 11 h 16min
Repetition of the constellation: 8 sidereal day
Repetition of the geometry: 1/3 sidereal daywith the next plane
1 sidereal day with the same plane
![Page 9: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 9
GLONASS constellation
![Page 10: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GLONASS constellation
Ground track for R04 for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
![Page 11: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GLONASS constellation
Ground track for R04 for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
![Page 12: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GLONASS constellation
Ground track for R04 for 2 days (30-Mar-2012 to 31-Mar-2012)
![Page 13: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GLONASS constellation
Ground track for R04 and R05 for 2 days (30-Mar-2012 to 31-Mar-2012)
![Page 14: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GLONASS constellation
Ground track for R01 to R08 for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
![Page 15: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
GLONASS constellation
Ground track for all GLONASS satellites for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
![Page 16: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Orbital elements for Galileo satellites
Semi-major axis:
Eccentricity: (circular orbit)
Inclination:
Orbital planes
Number of planes: 3 plane at º
Satellites per plane: 9 regularly distributed
= 27 nominal constellation
Repetition rates
Revolution period: 13 h 45min
Repetition of the constellation: 10 sidereal day
Repetition of the geometry: 10 sidereal day with the same plane
![Page 17: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 17
Galileo constellation
![Page 18: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Ground track for E04 for 1 day (fictive constellation)
![Page 19: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Ground track for E04 for 2 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 20: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Ground track for E04 for 10 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 21: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Ground track for E04 and E05 for 2 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 22: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Ground track for E01 to E09 for 2 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 23: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Ground track for E01 to E09 for 10 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 24: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Galileo constellation
Ground track for all Galileo satellites for 10 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 25: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Global tracking network
250 IGS stations (assuming that all stations observe all available satellites)
![Page 26: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Number of observations per satellite
1 day (30-Mar-2012)
![Page 27: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Number of observations per satellite
3 days (30-Mar to 01-Apr-2012)
![Page 28: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Number of observations per satellite
1 day (30-Mar-2012)
![Page 29: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Number of observations per satellite
8 days (30-Mar to 06-Apr-2012)
![Page 30: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Number of observations per satellite
10 days (30-Mar to 08-Apr-2012)
![Page 31: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: GPS
Sky plots for G06 for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 32: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: GPS
Sky plots for G06 for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 33: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: GPS
Sky plots for all GPS satellites for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 34: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: GLONASS
Sky plots for R04 for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 35: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: GLONASS
Sky plots for R04 for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 36: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: GLONASS
Sky plots for all GLONASS satellites for 10 days (30-Mar-2012 to 08-Apr-2012)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 37: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: Galileo
Sky plots for E06 for 1 day (fictive constellation)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 38: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: Galileo
Sky plots for E06 for 10 days (fictive constellation)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 39: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Satellite visibility: Galileo
Sky plots for all Galileo satellites for 10 days (fictive constellation)
Zimmerwald(Switzerland)
mid-latitude
Algonquin(Canada)mid-latitude
Amundson-Scott(South pole)
pole
Malindi(Kenya)equator
![Page 40: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GPS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Zimmerwald, Switzerlandmid-latitude
![Page 41: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GPS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Zimmerwald, Switzerlandmid-latitude
![Page 42: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GLONASS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Zimmerwald, Switzerlandmid-latitude
![Page 43: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GLONASS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Zimmerwald, Switzerlandmid-latitude
![Page 44: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GPS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Malindi, Kenyaequator
![Page 45: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GPS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Malindi, Kenyaequator
![Page 46: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GPS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Amundson-Scott, South polepole
![Page 47: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GLONASS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Amundson-Scott, South polepole
![Page 48: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GPS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Amundson-Scott, South polepole
![Page 49: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
Histogram for elevation and azimuth
Sky plot for all GLONASS satellites for 1 day (30-Mar-2012)
Amundson-Scott, South polepole
![Page 50: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 50
Number of satellites in view for Zimmerwald
Based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 51: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 51
Number of satellites in view for Zimmerwald
Based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 52: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 52
Number of satellites in view for Zimmerwald
Based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 53: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 53
Number of satellites in view for Zimmerwald
Based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 54: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 54
Number of satellites in view for Zimmerwald
Based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 55: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012
PDOP: Position Dilution of Precision
• PDOP values indicates, how good a station position can be determined with the current satellite geometry.
• It is computed from the reciprocal of the normalized volume of the body formed by all tracked satellites and the receiver position.
• The PDOP can be extracted from the trace of the cofactor matrix:
• The smaller the PDOP value is the better a position can be derived.
![Page 56: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 56
PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 57: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 57
PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 58: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 58
PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 59: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 59
PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 10 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 60: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 60
PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 10 days in May 2012
![Page 61: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 61
Spectral analysis of the PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 60 days in April/May 2012
![Page 62: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 62
Spectral analysis of the PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 60 days in April/May 2012
![Page 63: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 63
Spectral analysis of the PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 60 days in April/May 2012
![Page 64: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 64
Spectral analysis of the PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 60 days in April/May 2012
![Page 65: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 65
Spectral analysis of the PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 60 days (fictive constellation)
![Page 66: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 66
Spectral analysis of the PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 60 days in April/May 2012
![Page 67: Satellite geometry in single-GNSS and multi-GNSS scenarios Rolf Dach rolf.dach@aiub.unibe.ch](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681434b550346895dafc859/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Ecole d’Eté 2012 67
Spectral analysis of the PDOP for Zimmerwald
Computed based on 60 days in April/May 2012