Sask 3.0 Smmit Govt 2 0 - N. Gruen

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Dr. Nicholas GruenAustralian Government 2.0 Taskforce

Realising Jefferson’s dream: Engineering for Serendipity

Nicholas GruenChair, Government 2.0 Taskforce

E [email protected]

T @nicholasgruen

Outline

• What is Web 2.0? Why does it matter?– Public goods and the value of openness

• Government 2.0 in Australia – Getting it going

– What we proposed

– How it’s going.

He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me. That ideas should freely spread from one to another over the globe, for the moral and mutual instruction of man, and improvement of his condition, seems to have been peculiarly and benevolently designed by nature, when she made them, like fire, expansible over all space, without lessening their density in any point, and like the air in which we breathe, move, and have our physical being, incapable of confinement or exclusive appropriation.

Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson, August, 1813

Jefferson’s enlightenment dream

Metcalfe’s Law2 => 1

5 => 10

12 => 66

Poodles

Mortgage

Securitisation

Social policy

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Public goods – goods that no-one will supply if the government doesn’t

Public goodsPublic goods . . . present seriousproblems in human organisation.

Vincent and Elenor Ostrom - 1977

The Wealthof Nations (1776)

• Private Goods

The Theory ofMoral Sentiments (1759)

• The social preconditionsof markets(Public Goods)

Language

Some crucial public goods are not government built – they’re emergent

Adam Smith

Public Goods

Private Goods

[The public good of] Justice . . . is the main pillar that upholds the whole edifice. If it is removed, the great, the immense fabric of human society . . . must in a moment crumble into atoms.

Adam Smith

Public goods: From incipience to actuality

Web 2.0: explosion of emergent public goods

Web 2.0 platforms are public goods:

Google (1998)

Wikipedia (2001)

Blogs (early 2000s)

Facebook (2004)

Twitter (2006)

Government didn’t build any of them

The economics of abundance: a new birth of ‘free’dom

Public goods . . . present seriousproblems in human organisation.

Vincent and Elenor Ostrom - 1977

The freedom of ideas is the liberation of our speciesPublic goods as a problemPublic goods as an opportunity

– Public access to state assets: ‘Government as platform’

• Release of public sector information

• Intangible state assets as public goods

– Building platforms that others won’t

– Opening up to global profit and not-for-profit endeavour

• With global competitions like

• Kaggle

• Volunteers

– Integrating state capabilities into private platforms

– Reconfiguring boundaries

– Data sharing PPPs

Reconfiguring the ecology of private and public goods

Release and they will build

Build and they will release(their efforts)

1. User spots machine-translation errorand clicks ‘Fix this text’.

“No stop-work,”

wharfies told

An application for a four hour stop work meet-

2. Users make text corrections as they read.3. Corrections are saved and instantly

shown to other users.

• The National Library Newspaper The National Library Newspaper digitisation projectdigitisation project

• Site went live without launch in Site went live without launch in 2007 and correction has been 2007 and correction has been 24/7 since24/7 since

• ~ 20% of correctors are ~ 20% of correctors are overseasoverseas

• 30 mil lines of text corrected30 mil lines of text corrected

• Julie Hempenstall from Bendigo Julie Hempenstall from Bendigo has corrected > 500,000 lines!has corrected > 500,000 lines!

• Anne Manley from Narrawena Anne Manley from Narrawena has corrected > 680,000has corrected > 680,000

Building platforms others won’t

ABC Open, http://www.abc.net.au/open/

Public private partnerships

• Current PPPs play to each sector’s weaknesses

• With private sector expanding into areas that the public sector is better at – Infrastructure financing, planning risk

• But Web 2.0 is building subtle new PPPs

Private goods => Public Goods

Private Goods• Meeting private

needs• Linking to other

websites

Public Goods

• Google uses this information to rank sites

• Everyone benefits

Google monetises with ads

Private Goods• Platform for

recording data

Public Goods

• PLM aggregates data and shares it back as public and private goods

Sales of data

Data exhaust

Should everything be tied down to permissions?

Medical director

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DIY Government

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Richard Ankrom

FixMyStreet, http://www.fixmystreet.com

Building platforms or letting others in?

Reconfiguring state boundaries:Government as wholesaler

• Utility reform shrank natural monopoly aspects of utilities

• Government 2.0 involves governments ‘wholesaling’ core servicesand opening up retail.

• Utility reform opened space for for-profit competition– Motive is economic

• Government 2.0 energy can come from for-profit or not-for-profit– Motives economic, social and democratic

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It’s Buggered Mate, http://its-buggered-mate.apps.lpmodules.com

SeeClickFix, http://www.seeclickfix.com

OpenAustralia, www.openaustralia.org/

Radical openness

Improvising an info-structure

Global CrisisCommons

Within 2 hours of #eqnz

Global volunteers parse 300,000 tweets.

“Shell 58 Barrack Rd out of petrol – only diesel”.

Agencies fussed, helped and obstructed.

Outside the walls: Inside the machine

• If Justin McMurray works 25 hours a week for Verizon, who might be prepared to volunteer for:

–Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums

–The research sector?–Helping

• the aged, • the sick, • the disadvantaged?• the environment?

• Volunteers from the helpers and helped

Justin McMurry, Keller, Texas

Configure

Governmen

t any w

ay you w

ant

Configure

Governmen

t any w

ay you w

ant

Where’s Wally?Where’s Wally?

Tanta Steve Randy Waldman

Global Competitions

State of the art 70%

1½ weeks 70.8%

Competition closes 77%

Predicting HIV viral load

Accuracy of Prediction (1 – 100%)

• Revenue or sales forecasts

• Traffic forecasting• Energy demand• Predicting crime• Tax/social security fraud• Hospital casualty demand• Identifying great

• Teachers• Schools• Hospitals

• and their best practices

US$500

We could not be happier with the result. The Kaggle approach has set a new benchmark in Government for the development of successful predictive models, delivered quickly and very cost effectively.

In particular, the flexibility of the winning predictive model will enable its application to other major transport routes to the CBD and allow for the addition of other factors such as weather and incident.

Susan CalvertDirector, Strategy and Project Delivery Unit Department Premier and Cabinet

Where’s Wally from?Where’s Wally from?

Engagement on web 2.0

The goal is the three ‘Cs’1. Connections between people 2. Connections between ideas 3. Connections between possibilities

These connections are usually serendipitous

Engagement on web 2.0The means include the three ‘Ps’

1. Platforms (twitter, facebook, blogs, wikipedia)

2. People (or Gregariousness) – beyond being open – being outgoing and inviting others in

3. Play (or improvisation) – doing new things that make sense, like the twitter hashtag

And organisations are often bad at all these things

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Michael Griffith

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Lindsay Tanner

International Reference Group Richard Allan (Director of Policy, Facebook,

EU)Charlie Beckett (Director LSE’s Polis)Steven Clift (Online strategist and innovator)David Eaves (Writer and speaker on public

policy)Ed Felten (Director Centre for Information

Technology Policy Princeton University)Michael Geist (Chair, Internet and e-

commerce law at University of Ottawa)William Heath (IdealGovernment.Gov)Andrew Hoppin (CIO of New York State

Senate)Eric Ketelaar (Emeritus Prof of Archivistics,

University of Amsterdam)Charles Leadbeater (consultant and author)Viktor Mayer-Schönberger (Associate

Professor of Public Policy, National University of Singapore)

Michal Migurski (Technology Head at Stamen)

Laurence Millar (Former NZ CIO)Geoff Mulgan (Director, Young Foundation)Cameron Neylon (Biophysicist,l)John Palfry (Professor of Law at Harvard Law

School)Jason Ryan (State Service Commission, NZ)Tom Steinberg (Founder, mysociety.org)Hon. Mozelle W. Thompson (Facebook – USA)Nat Torkington (Chair O’Reilly Open Source

Convention)Joe Trippi (Writer and political strategist)Carol Tullo (Head UK Office of PSI)Tom Watson (UK MP, Former Minister for

Transformational Government)David Weinberger (Harvard’s Berkman Institute)Dr Andy Williamson (UK Hansard eDemocracy

Prog)Ed Mayo (CEO of Consumer Focus)

Declaration of Open Govt• Online engagement by public servants should be enabled

and encouraged. – Robust professional discussion benefits their agencies, their

professional development, and the Australian public;

• Public sector information is a national resource– releasing as much of it on as permissive terms as possible

maximises its value and reinforces democracy;

• Open engagement at all levels of government is integral to promoting an informed, connected and democratic community, to public sector reform, innovation and best use of the national investment in broadband.

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International Reaction This is a deeply impressive piece of work, very comprehensive with clear sign posting. . . . A clear explanation of the serendipitous nature of knowledge sharing in networks is probably a global first for a government report.’

Tom Watson (UK MP, Former Minister for Transformational Government)

‘[T]he best piece of work I have seen any government organisation (and most vendors and consultants) do about this topic.

Andrea DiMaio, Gartner

Personally, I think the draft — from its principled overview to its broad areas of application — is a blueprint for democracies everywhere

David Weinberger (Harvard’s Berkman Institute)

The draft report is an impressive piece of work, assembling a vast trove of good ideas and sound analysis. We will study and learn.

Andrew McLaughlin, Deputy U.S. Chief Technology Officer

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Reaction to our reportThe Australian Government 2.0 Taskforce Teaches Us A Lesson

Their report is the best piece of work I have seen by a government-driven initiative around government 2.0. But I would also like to praise the way members of the taskforce worked over the last few months.

Their blog was a constant source of thoughtful considerations, and their debate went on in the open, being as informative as the report itself. They participated in external debates, by reading other people’s blogs, reaching out and commenting. For what I have seen, as I had a few chances to interact with them, the level of engagement and openness they have achieved was truly exemplary, with a level of humility that made their excellent skills even stronger.

2nd of top ten things

A truly excellent report in a remarkably short period of time, reaching out to experts inside and outside government worldwide, and showing a rare attitude to listening to other people’s opinions.

Australia is the place where the government 2.0 taskforce has recognized the centrality of employees and the federal government has bought into that idea.

Opening up to public engagement

People connect with people, not organisations

Twitter Followers/Week

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Before After

Where radical openness hasn’t worked

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Report card

What’s good?

What’s not?

New licensing

Information release

Report card

Is there a new sense of professional autonomy and

preparedness to engage and improvise innovations?

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Top down driven changes

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Culture dependent changes

Web 2.0 is not IT

IT Web 2.0Mechanical Social

Technological Communicative

$$$$$ $

Elaborately planned Often improvised

Governance -

Impossible

Governance - Just difficult

Government as platform

Government Departments GLAM Sector

[email protected] @nicholasgruen

E [email protected]

T @nicholasgruen

Our subject matter — government and the use of Web 2.0 tools and approaches — is moving with dizzying speed. As a consequence, our challenge has been to avoid the gimmickry of the latest fad in favour of outlining how the new approaches might reinvigorate the time-honoured and hard-won traditions of modern democratic government.

But we can’t control social media

Since when did you control mainstream media?

Sask 3.0 Smmit Govt 2 0 - N. Gruen

Technology

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