SAS - Useful Spread Sheet
Transcript of SAS - Useful Spread Sheet
Categories and Descriptions of Data Set Options
Category Data Set Option Syntax Description
Data Set Control
GENNUM=integer
ALTER= ALTER=alter-password
Assigns an alter password to a SAS file and enables access to a password-protected SAS file. Alter-password must be a SAS name.
BUFNO= BUFNO=number-of-buffers
Specifies the number of buffers for processing a SAS data set. Specifies a value from 1 to the maximum number of buffers available in your operating environment.
BUFSIZE= BUFSIZE=number-of-bytes
specifies the minimum number of bytes in a page in the data set. The number of bytes can have a value from 0, the system default, to the maximum value allowed by your operating environment. If the value is 0, SAS chooses an operating environment default that is optimal for the SAS data set. If any value you specify is not adequate, SAS automatically rounds up to the next buffer size for the data set.
CNTLLEV= CNTLLEV=LIB | MEM | REC
LIB: controls concurrent access at the library level. Library-level control restricts concurrent access to only one update process to the library.
MEM: controls concurrent access at the SAS data set (or member) level. Member-level control restricts concurrent access to only one update or output process but allows read access to many sessions, procedures, or statements.
REC: controls concurrent access at the observation (or record) level. Record-level control allows more than one update access to the same SAS data set, but it denies concurrent update of the same observation.
COMPRESS= COMPRESS= YES | NO | CHAR |
BINARY
YES | CHAR: pecifies that the observations in a newly created SAS output data set are compressed (variable-length records).
NO: specifies that the observations in a newly created SAS data set are uncompressed (fixed-length records).
BINARY: specifies that observations in a newly created SAS output data set are compressed.
DLDMGACTION= DLDMGACTION=FAIL | ABORT |
REPAIR | PROMPT
FAIL: stops the step, issues an error message to the log immediately. This is the default for batch mode.
ABORT: terminates the step, issues an error message to the log, and aborts the SAS session.
REPAIR: automatically repairs and rebuilds indexes and integrity constraints. It issues a warning message to the log. This is the default for interactive mode.
PROMPT: displays a requestor window that asks you to select the FAIL, ABORT, or REPAIR action.
ENCRYPT= ENCRYPT=YES | NO
YES: encrypts the file. The encryption method uses passwords. At a minimum, you must specify the READ= or the PW= data set option at the same time that you specify ENCRYPT=YES. Because the encryption method uses passwords, you cannot change any password on an encrypted data set without re-creating the data set.
NO: does not encrypt the file.
GENMAX= GENMAX=number-of-generations
equests generations for a data set and specifies the maximum number of versions to maintain. The value can be from 0 to 1000. The default is GENMAX=0, which means that generations is not in effect.
GENNUM= is a number that references a specific version from a generation group. Specifying a positive number is an absolute reference to a specific version number that is appended to a data set's name. Specifying a negative number is a relative reference to a version in relation to the base version, from the youngest to the oldest. A value of 0 refers to the current (base) version. Specify an asterisk for integer when you rename the entire generation group for a data set.
INDEX= INDEX=(index-specification-1 ...<index-specification-n>)
names and describes a simple or a composite index to be built. Index-specification has this form:
index: is the name of a variable that forms the index or the name you choose for a composite index.
LABEL='label'
PW=password
PWREQ=YES|NO
REUSE=NO | YES
TOBSNO=n
TYPE=data-set-type Specifies the data set type for a specially structured SAS data set
Miscellaneous
INDEX=
index <= (variable(s)) > </UNIQUE> </NOMISS>
UNIQUE: specifies that the values of the key variables must be unique. If you specify UNIQUE for a new data set and multiple observations have the same values for the index variables, the index is not created. A slash (/) must precede the UNIQUE option.
NOMISS: excludes all observations with missing values from the index. Observations with missing values are still read from the data set but not through the index. A slash (/) must precede the NOMISS option.
LABEL= It is a text string of up to 256 characters. If the label text contains single quotation marks, use double quotation marks around the label, or use two single quotation marks in the label text and surround the string with single quotation marks. To remove a label from a data set, assign a label that is equal to a blank that is enclosed in quotation marks.
OUTREP= OUTREP=format-type
specifies the requirements vector for the output file. For example, specify OUTREP=PC_ANSI if you want a file in PC format with characters that are encoded in ANSI ASCII
PW= The PW= option applies to all types of SAS files except catalogs. You can use this option to assign a password to a SAS file or to access a password-protected SAS file.
PWREQ= YES: specifies that a requestor window appear.
NO: prevents a requestor window from appearing. If a missing or invalid password is entered, the data set is not opened and an error message is written to the SAS log.
READ= READ=read-password
The READ= option applies to all types of SAS files except catalogs. You can use this option to assign a read-password to a SAS file or to access a read-protected SAS file.
REPEMPTY= REPEMPTY=YES | NO
YES: specifies that a new empty data set with a given name replaces an existing data set with the same name. This is the default. When REPEMPTY=YES and REPLACE=NO, then the data set is not replaced.
NO: specifies that a new empty data set with a given name does not replace an existing data set with the same name.
REPLACE= REPLACE=NO | YES
NO: specifies that a new data set with a given name does not replace an existing data set with the same name.
YES: specifies that a new data set with a given name replaces an existing data set with the same name.
REUSE= NO: does not track and reuse space in compressed data sets. New observations are appended to the existing data set. Specifying the NO argument results in less efficient data storage if you delete or update many observations in the SAS data set.
YES: racks and reuses space in compressed SAS data sets. New observations are inserted in the space that is freed when other observations are updated or deleted.
SORTEDBY= SORTEDBY=by-clause </ collate-name> | _NULL_
by-clause < / collate-name>: indicates how the data are currently sorted.
by-clause: are the variables and options that you use in a BY statement in a PROC SORT step.
collate-name: names the collating sequence that is used for the sort. By default, the collating sequence is that of your operating environment. A slash (/) must precede the collating sequence.
_NULL_: removes any existing sort information.
TOBSNO= Specifies the number of observations to be transmitted in each multi-observation exchange with a SAS server
TRANTAB= TRANTAB=table-name
specifies the name of a translation table that is used to translate the characters in a data set from foreign encoding to local encoding. SAS searches for translation tables in SASUSER.PROFILE first and then SASUSER.HOST.
TYPE=
WRITE= WRITE=write-password
The WRITE= option applies to all types of SAS files except catalogs. You can use this option to assign a write-password to a SAS file or to access a write-protected SAS file.
FILECLOSE= FILECLOSE=DISP | LEAVE | REREAD | REWIND
DISP: positions the tape volume according to the disposition specified in the operating environment's control language
LEAVE: positions the tape at the end of the file that was just processed. Use FILECLOSE=LEAVE if you are not repeatedly accessing the same files in a SAS program but you are accessing one or more subsequent SAS files on the same tape.
REREAD: positions the tape volume at the beginning of the file that was just processed. Use FILECLOSE=REREAD if you are accessing the same SAS data set on tape several times in a SAS program.
REWIND: rewinds the tape volume to the beginning. Use FILECLOSE=REWIND if you are accessing one or more previous SAS files on the same tape, but you are not repeatedly accessing the same files in a SAS program.
FIRSTOBS=n
IN=variable
OBS=n|MAX
Variable Control DROP=variable(s)
KEEP=variable(s)
Changes the name of a variable
Observation Control
FIRSTOBS= n is a positive integer that is less than or equal to the number of observations in the data set.
IN= variable: names the new variable whose value indicates whether that input data set contributed data to the current observation. Within the DATA step, the value of the variable is 1 if the data set contributed to the current observation, and 0 otherwise.
OBS= n specifies a positive integer that is less than or equal to the number of observations in the data set or zero.
MAX represents the total number of observations in the data set.
POINTOBS= POINTOBS= YES | NO
Controls whether a compressed data set may be processed with random access (by observation number) rather than sequential access only
WHERE= WHERE=(where-expression)
where-expression is an arithmetic or logical expression that consists of a sequence of operators, operands, and SAS functions. The expression must be enclosed in parentheses.
WHEREUP= WHEREUP= NO | YES
NO: does not evaluate added observations and modified observations against a WHERE expression.
YES: evaluates added observations and modified observations against a WHERE expression.
User Control of SAS Index
Usage
IDXNAME= IDXNAME=index-name
index-name:specifies the name (up to 32 characters) of a simple or composite index for the SAS data set. SAS does not attempt to determine if the specified index is the best one or if a sequential search might be more resource-efficient.
IDXWHERE= IDXWHERE=YES|NO
YES: tells SAS to choose the best index to optimize a WHERE expression, and to disregard the possibility that a sequential search of the data set might be more resource-efficient.
NO: tells SAS to ignore all indexes and satisfy the conditions of a WHERE expression with a sequential search of the data set.
DROP= Variable(s): lists one or more variable names. You can list the variables in any form that SAS allows
KEEP= Variable: lists one or more variable names. You can list the variables in any form that SAS allows.
RENAME= RENAME=(old-name-1=new-name-1 < . . . old-name-n=new-name-n>)
Categories and Descriptions of Data Set Options
Example
Example: This example creates an encrypted SAS data set: data salary(encrypt=yes read=green); input name $ yrsal bonuspct; datalines;Muriel 34567 3.2Bjorn 74644 2.5Freda 38755 4.1Benny 29855 3.5Agnetha 70998 4.1;
To use this data set, specify the read password: proc contents data=salary(read=green);run;
Example 1: Requesting Generations When You Create a Data Set, This example shows how to request generations for a new data set. The DATA step creates a data set namedWORK.A that can have as many as 10 generations (one current version and nine historical versions):data a(genmax=10); x=1; output;run;
Example 2: Modifying the Number of Generations on an Existing Data Set, This example shows how to change the number of generations on the data set MYLIB.A to 4:proc datasets lib=mylib; modify a(genmax=4);run;
Example 1: Defining a Simple Index The following INDEX= data set option defines a simple index for the SSN variable: data new(index=(ssn));
Example 2: Defining a Composite Index, The following INDEX= data set option defines a composite index named CITYST that uses the CITY and STATE variables: data new(index=(cityst=(city state)));
Example 3: Defining a Simple and a Composite Index, The following INDEX= data set option defines a simple index for SSN and a composite index for CITY and STATE: data new(index=(ssn cityst=(city state)));
Example: These examples assign labels to data sets: data w2(label='1976 W2 Info, Hourly'); data new(label='Peter''s List'); data new(label="Hillside's Daily Account"); data sales(label='Sales For May(NE)');
If you plan to use procedures that add observations to the end of SAS data sets (for example, the APPEND and FSEDIT procedures) with compressed data sets, use the REUSE=NO argument. REUSE=YES causes new observations to be added wherever there is space in the file, not necessarily at the end of the file.
This example uses the SORTEDBY= data set option to specify how the data are currently sorted. The data set ORDERS is sorted by PRIORITY and by the descending values of INDATE. Once the data set is created, the sort information is stored with it. These statements create the data set ORDERS and record the sort information: libname mylib 'SAS-data-library';options yearcutoff=1920;data mylib.orders(sortedby=priority descending indate); input priority 1. +1 indate date7. +1 office $ code $; format indate date7.; datalines;1 03may01 CH J8U1 21mar01 LA M911 01dec00 FW L6R1 27feb99 FW Q2A2 15jan00 FW I9U2 09jul99 CH P3Q3 08apr99 CH H5T3 31jan99 FW D2W;
This PROC step prints the data set STUDY beginning with observation 20: proc print data=study(firstobs=20);run; This SET statement uses both FIRSTOBS= and OBS= to read only observations 5 through 10 from the data set STUDY. Data set NEW contains six observations. data new; set study(firstobs=5 obs=10);run;
Example: In this example, IN= creates a new variable, OVERSEAS, that denotes international flights. The variable I has a value of 1 when the observation is read from the NONUSA data set; otherwise, it has a value of 0. The IF-THEN statement checks the value of I to determine if the data set NONUSA contributed data to the current observation. If I=1, the variable OVERSEAS receives an asterisk (*) as a value. data allflts; set usa nonusa(in=i); by fltnum; if i then overseas='*';run;
Example: In this example, the OBS= data set option in the SET statement reads in the first ten observations from data set OLD: data new; set old(obs=10);run; This statement prints only observations 5 through 10 in data set STUDY: proc print data=study(firstobs=5 obs=10);
Example 1: Accepting Updates That Do Not Match the WHERE expression, This example shows how WHEREUP= permits observations to be updated and added even though the modified observation does not match the WHERE expression: data a; x=1; output; x=2; output;run;
data a; modify a(where=(x=1) whereup=no);Example 1: Using a Specific Index, This example uses the IDXNAME= data set option to direct SAS to use a specific index to optimize the WHERE expression. SAS then disregards the possibility that a sequential search of the data set might be more resource-efficient and does not attempt to determine if the specified index is the best one data mydata.empnew; set mydata.employee (idxname=empnum); where empnum < 2000;
Example 1: Specifying Index Usage This example uses the IDXWHERE= data set option to tell SAS to decide which index is the best to optimize the WHERE expression. SAS then disregards the possibility that a sequential search of the data set might be more resource-efficient: data mydata.empnew; set mydata.employee (idxwhere=yes); where empnum < 2000;
Example 1: Excluding Variables from Input, In this example, the variables SALARY and GENDER are not included in processing and they are not written to either output data set: data plan1 plan2; set payroll(drop=salary gender); if hired<'01jan98'd then output plan1; else output plan2;run; You cannot use SALARY or GENDER in any logic in the DATA step because DROP= prevents the SET statement from reading them from PAYROLL. Example 2: Processing Variables without Writing Them to a Data Set, In this example, SALARY and GENDER are not written to PLAN2, but they are written to PLAN1: data plan1 plan2(drop=salary gender); set payroll; if hired<'01jan98'd then output plan1; else output plan2;run;
Example: In this example, only IDNUM and SALARY are read from PAYROLL, and they are the only variables in PAYROLL that are available for processing: data bonus; set payroll(keep=idnum salary); bonus=salary*1.1;run;
Example 1: Renaming a Variable at Time of Output This example uses RENAME= in the DATA statement to show that the variable is renamed at the time it is written to the output data set. The variable keeps its original name, X, during the DATA step processing: data two(rename=(x=keys)); set one; z=x+y; run; Example 2: Renaming a Variable at Time of Input, This example renames variable X to a variable named KEYS in the SET statement, which is a rename before DATA step processing. KEYS, not X, is the name to use for the variable for DATA step processing. data three; set one(rename=(x=keys)); z=keys+y;run;
Categories and Descriptions of Formats
Category Format Description
Character Converts native format character data to ASCII representation
Converts character data to binary representation
Writes standard character data
Converts native format character data to EBCDIC representation
Converts character data to hexadecimal representation
Writes character data in uppercase when the MSGCASE system option is in effect
Converts character data to octal representation
Writes data values that are enclosed in double quotation marks
Writes character data in reverse order and preserves blanks
Writes character data in reverse order and left aligns
Converts character data to uppercase
Writes character data of varying length
Writes standard character data
DBCS Adds shift-code data to DBCS data
Removes shift code data from DBCS data
Date and Time
Writes date values as the day of the month
Writes date values as the name of the day of the week
Writes international date values as the day of the week
Writes international date values as the name of the day
Writes international date values as the name of the month
Writes time values as hours and decimal fractions of hours
Writes date values as the Julian day of the year
Writes time values as the number of minutes and seconds since midnight
Writes date values as the month and the year and separates them with a character
Writes date values as the name of the month
Writes date values as the month of the year
Writes date values as the quarter of the year
Writes date values as the quarter of the year in Roman numerals
$ASCIIw.
$BINARYw.
$CHARw.
$EBCDICw.
$HEXw.
$MSGCASEw.
$OCTALw.
$QUOTEw.
$REVERJw.
$REVERSw.
$UPCASEw.
$VARYINGw.
$w.
$KANJIw.
$KANJIXw.
DATEw. Writes date values in the form ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy
DATEAMPMw.d Writes datetime values in the form ddmmmyy:hh:mm:ss.ss with AM or PM
DATETIMEw.d Writes datetime values in the form ddmmmyy:hh:mm:ss.ss
DAYw.
DDMMYYw. Writes date values in the form ddmmyy or ddmmyyyy
DDMMYYxw. Writes date values in the form ddmmyy or ddmmyyyy with a specified separator
DOWNAMEw.
EURDFDDw. Writes international date values in the form dd.mm.yy or dd.mm.yyyy
EURDFDEw. Writes international date values in the form ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy
EURDFDNw.
EURDFDTw.d Writes international datetime values in the form ddmmmyy:hh:mm:ss.ss or ddmmmyyyy hh:mm:ss.ss
EURDFDWNw.
EURDFMNw.
EURDFMYw. Writes international date values in the form mmmyy or mmmyyyy
EURDFWDXw. Writes international date values as the name of the month, the day, and the year in the form dd month-name yy (or yyyy )
EURDFWKXw. Writes international date values as the name of the day and date in the form day-of-week, dd month-name yy (or yyyy)
HHMMw.d Writes time values as hours and minutes in the form hh:mm
HOURw.d
JULDAYw.
JULIANw. Writes date values as Julian dates in the form yyddd or yyyyddd
MINGUOw. Writes date values as Taiwanese dates in the form yyymmdd
MMDDYYw. Writes date values in the form mmddyy or mmddyyyy
MMDDYYxw. Writes date values in the form mmddyy or mmddyyyy with a specified separator
MMSSw.d
MMYYxw.
MONNAMEw.
MONTHw.
MONYYw. Writes date values as the month and the year in the form mmmyy or mmmyyyy
NENGOw. Writes date values as Japanese dates in the form e.yymmdd
PDJULGw. Writes packed Julian date values in the hexadecimal format yyyydddF for IBM
PDJULIw. Writes packed Julian date values in the hexadecimal format ccyydddF for IBM
QTRw.
QTRRw.
TIMEw.d Writes time values as hours, minutes, and seconds in the form hh:mm:ss.ss
TIMEAMPMw.d Writes time values as hours, minutes, and seconds in the form hh:mm:ss.ss with AM or PM
TODw.d Writes the time portion of datetime values in the form hh:mm:ss.ss
Date and Time
Writes date values as the day of the week
Writes date values as the year
Writes date values as the year and month and separates them with a character
Writes date values as the year and the month abbreviation
Writes date values as the year and the quarter and separates them with a character
Writes date values as the year and the quarter in Roman numerals and separates them with characters
Numeric SAS chooses the best notation
Converts numeric values to binary representation
Writes numeric values with commas and decimal points
Writes numeric values with periods and commas
Prints variables, possibly with a great range of values, lining up decimal places for values of similar magnitude
Writes numeric values with dollar signs, commas, and decimal points
Writes numeric values with dollar signs, periods, and commas
Writes numeric values in scientific notation
Converts numeric values to fractions
Converts real binary (floating-point) values to hexadecimal representation
Writes native integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values
Writes integer binary (fixed-point) values in Intel and DEC formats
Writes negative numeric values in parentheses
Writes numeric values with a comma in place of the decimal point
Converts numeric values to octal representation
Writes data in packed decimal format
Writes numeric values as percentages
Writes positive integer binary (fixed-point) values
Writes positive integer binary (fixed-point) values in Intel and DEC formats
Writes data in unsigned packed decimal format
Writes real binary data (floating-point) in real binary format
Writes numeric values as Roman numerals
Writes Social Security numbers
Writes native standard numeric data in IBM mainframe format
Writes integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values, in IBM mainframe format
Writes unsigned integer binary (fixed-point) values in IBM mainframe format
Writes packed decimal data in IBM mainframe format
Writes unsigned packed decimal data in IBM mainframe format
Writes positive integer binary (fixed-point) values in IBM mainframe format
Writes real binary (floating-point) data in IBM mainframe format
Writes zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format
Writes zoned decimal leading sign data in IBM mainframe format
Writes zoned decimal separate leading-sign data in IBM mainframe format
Writes zoned decimal separate trailing-sign data in IBM mainframe format
Writes unsigned zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format
Writes standard numeric data one digit per byte
Writes numeric values as words with fractions that are shown numerically
Writes numeric values as words
WEEKDATEw. Writes date values as the day of the week and the date in the form day-of-week, month-name dd, yy (or yyyy)
WEEKDATXw. Writes date values as day of week and date in the form day-of-week, dd month-name yy (or yyyy)
WEEKDAYw.
WORDDATEw. Writes date values as the name of the month, the day, and the year in the form month-name dd, yyyy
WORDDATXw. Writes date values as the day, the name of the month, and the year in the form dd month-name yyyy
YEARw.
YYMMxw.
YYMMDDw. Writes date values in the form yymmdd or yyyymmdd
YYMMDDxw. Writes date values in the form yymmdd or yyyymmdd with a specified separator
YYMONw.
YYQxw.
YYQRxw.
BESTw.
BINARYw.
COMMAw.d
COMMAXw.d
Dw.s
DOLLARw.d
DOLLARXw.d
Ew.
FLOATw.d Generates a native single-precision, floating-point value by multiplying a number by 10 raised to the dth power
FRACTw.
HEXw.
IBw.d
IBRw.d
IEEEw.d Generates an IEEE floating-point value by multiplying a number by 10 raised to the dth power
NEGPARENw.d
NUMXw.d
OCTALw.
PDw.d
PERCENTw.d
PIBw.d
PIBRw.d
PKw.d
PVALUEw.d Writes p-values
RBw.d
ROMANw.
SSNw.
S370FFw.d
S370FIBw.d
S370FIBUw.d
S370FPDw.d
S370FPDUw.d
S370FPIBw.d
S370FRBw.d
S370FZDw.d
S370FZDLw.d
S370FZDSw.d
S370FZDTw.d
S370FZDUw.d
w.d
WORDFw.
WORDSw.
Numeric
Writes numeric values with yen signs, commas, and decimal points
Writes standard numeric data with leading 0s
Writes numeric data in zoned decimal format
YENw.d
Zw.d
ZDw.d
Functions and CALL Routines by Category
Category Description
Array Returns the number of elements in an array
Returns the upper bound of an array
Returns the lower bound of an array
Returns the bitwise logical AND of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical left shift of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical NOT of an argument
Returns the bitwise logical OR of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical right shift of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical EXCLUSIVE OR of two arguments
Changes one or more substrings that match a pattern
Frees memory allocated by other regular expression (RX) functions and CALL routines
Finds the position, length, and score of a substring that matches a pattern
Finds the beginning of a substring that matches a pattern and returns a value
Parses a pattern and returns a value
Character Returns one character in the ASCII or the EBCDIC collating sequence
Returns an ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence character string
Removes multiple blanks from a character string
Removes specific characters from a character string
Removes quotation marks from a character value
Searches a character expression for a string of characters
Searches a character expression for specific characters
Searches a character expression for a specified string as a word
Left aligns a SAS character expression
Returns the length of an argument
Converts all letters in an argument to lowercase
Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value
Adds double quotation marks to a character value
Returns the position of a character in the ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence
Repeats a character expression
Reverses a character expression
Right aligns a character expression
Selects a given word from a character expression
Encodes a string to facilitate searching
Replaces character value contents
Extracts a substring from an argument
Replaces specific characters in a character expression
Replaces or removes all occurrences of a word in a character string
Converts all letters in an argument to uppercase
Returns the position of the first character that is unique to an expression
DBCS Returns the result of a comparison of character strings
Removes specific characters from a character string
Returns the number of double-byte characters in a string
Searches a character expression for a string of characters
Searches a character expression for specific characters
Returns the length of an argument
Converts all letters in an argument to lowercase
Reverses a character expression
Right aligns a character expression by trimming trailing DBCS blanks and SO/SI
Selects a given word from a character expression
Concatenates two or more character strings
Extracts a substring from an argument
Extracts a substring from an argument based on byte position
Functions and CALL Routine
DIM
HBOUND
LBOUND
Bitwise Logical Operations
BAND
BLSHIFT
BNOT
BOR
BRSHIFT
BXOR
Character String Matching
CALL RXCHANGE
CALL RXFREE
CALL RXSUBSTR
RXMATCH
RXPARSE
BYTE
COLLATE
COMPBL
COMPRESS
DEQUOTE
INDEX
INDEXC
INDEXW
LEFT
LENGTH
LOWCASE
MISSING
QUOTE
RANK
REPEAT
REVERSE
RIGHT
SCAN
SOUNDEX
SPEDIS Determines the likelihood of two words matching, expressed as the asymmetric spelling distance between the two words
SUBSTR (left of =)
SUBSTR (right of =)
TRANSLATE
TRANWRD
TRIM Removes trailing blanks from character expressions and returns one blank if the expression is missing
TRIMN Removes trailing blanks from character expressions and returns a null string (zero blanks) if the expression is missing
UPCASE
VERIFY
KCOMPARE
KCOMPRESS
KCOUNT
KINDEX
KINDEXC
KLEFT Left aligns a SAS character expression by removing unnecessary leading DBCS blanks and SO/SI
KLENGTH
KLOWCASE
KREVERSE
KRIGHT
KSCAN
KSTRCAT
KSUBSTR
KSUBSTRB
DBCS
Replaces specific characters in a character expression
Removes trailing DBCS blanks and SO/SI from character expressions
Truncates a numeric value to a specified length
Converts all single-byte letters in an argument to uppercase
Inserts, deletes, and replaces character value contents
Inserts, deletes, and replaces character value contents based on byte unit
Returns the position of the first character that is unique to an expression
Date and Time Returns the number of days between two dates
Returns the current date as a SAS date value
Converts a Julian date to a SAS date value
Extracts the date from a SAS datetime value
Returns the current date and time of day as a SAS datetime value
Returns the day of the month from a SAS date value
Returns a SAS datetime value from date, hour, minute, and second
Returns a SAS time value from hour, minute, and second values
Returns the hour from a SAS time or datetime value
Returns the integer number of time intervals in a given time span
Returns the Julian date from a SAS date value
Returns a seven-digit Julian date from a SAS date value
Returns a SAS date value from month, day, and year values
Returns the minute from a SAS time or datetime value
Returns the month from a SAS date value
Returns the quarter of the year from a SAS date value
Returns the second from a SAS time or datetime value
Returns the current time of day
Extracts a time value from a SAS datetime value
Returns the current date as a SAS date value
Returns the day of the week from a SAS date value
Returns the year from a SAS date value
Returns the difference in years between two dates
Returns a SAS date value from the year and quarter
Returns the corrected sum of squares
Returns the coefficient of variation
Returns the kurtosis
Returns the largest value
Returns the arithmetic mean (average)
Returns the smallest value
Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value
Returns the number of nonmissing values
Returns the number of missing values
Returns any specified order statistic
Returns the range of values
Returns the skewness
Returns the standard deviation
Returns the standard error of the mean
Returns the sum of the nonmissing arguments
Returns the uncorrected sum of squares
Returns the variance
External Files Closes a directory that was opened by the DOPEN function and returns a value
Returns information about a directory
Returns the number of members in a directory
Opens a directory and returns a directory identifier value
Returns directory attribute information
Returns the number of information items that are available for a directory
Returns the name of a directory member
Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file and returns a value
Appends the current record to the end of an external file and returns a value
Closes an external file, directory, or directory member, and returns a value
KTRANSLATE
KTRIM
KTRUNCATE
KUPCASE
KUPDATE
KUPDATEB
KVERIFY
DATDIF
DATE
DATEJUL
DATEPART
DATETIME
DAY
DHMS
HMS
HOUR
INTCK
INTNX Advances a date, time, or datetime value by a given interval, and returns a date, time, or datetime value
JULDATE
JULDATE7
MDY
MINUTE
MONTH
QTR
SECOND
TIME
TIMEPART
TODAY
WEEKDAY
YEAR
YRDIF
YYQ
Descriptive Statistics
CSS
CV
KURTOSIS
MAX
MEAN
MIN
MISSING
N
NMISS
ORDINAL
RANGE
SKEWNESS
STD
STDERR
SUM
USS
VAR
DCLOSE
DINFO
DNUM
DOPEN
DOPTNAME
DOPTNUM
DREAD
DROPNOTE
FAPPEND
FCLOSE
External Files
Returns the current column position in the File Data Buffer (FDB)
Deletes an external file or an empty directory
Verifies the existence of an external file associated with a fileref and returns a value
Copies data from the File Data Buffer (FDB) into a variable and returns a value
Verifies the existence of an external file by its physical name and returns a value
Verifies that a fileref has been assigned for the current SAS session and returns a value
Returns the value of a file information item
Identifies the last record that was read and returns a value that FPOINT can use
Opens an external file and returns a file identifier value
Returns the name of an item of information about a file
Returns the number of information items that are available for an external file
Positions the read pointer on the next record to be read and returns a value
Sets the position of the column pointer in the File Data Buffer (FDB) and returns a value
Reads a record from an external file into the File Data Buffer (FDB) and returns a value
Positions the file pointer to the start of the file and returns a value
Sets the token delimiters for the FGET function and returns a value
Writes a record to an external file and returns a value
Opens a file by directory id and member name, and returns the file identifier or a 0
Returns the physical name of a SAS data library or of an external file, or returns a blank
Returns a system error number
External Routines Calls the external routine without any return code
Calls the external routine without any return code (in IML environment only)
Calls an external routine and returns a character value
Calls an external routine and returns a character value (in IML environment only)
Calls an external routine and returns a numeric value (in IML environment only)
Calls an external routine and returns a numeric value
Financial Returns compound interest parameters
Returns the convexity for an enumerated cashflow
Returns the convexity for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Returns the accumulated declining balance depreciation
Returns the accumulated declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation
Returns the accumulated straight-line depreciation
Returns the accumulated sum-of-years-digits depreciation
Returns the accumulated depreciation from specified tables
Returns the declining balance depreciation
Returns the declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation
Returns the straight-line depreciation
Returns the sum-of-years-digits depreciation
Returns the depreciation from specified tables
Returns the modified duration for an enumerated cashflow
Returns the modified duration for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Returns the internal rate of return as a fraction
Returns the internal rate of return as a percentage
Returns amortization parameters
Returns the net present value as a fraction
Returns the net present value with the rate expressed as a percentage
Returns the present value for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Returns the future value of a periodic saving
Returns the yield-to-maturity for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Hyperbolic Returns the hyperbolic cosine
Returns the hyperbolic sine
Returns the hyperbolic tangent
Macro Resolves an argument and issues the resolved value for execution
Assigns DATA step information to a macro variable
FCOL
FDELETE
FEXIST
FGET
FILEEXIST
FILENAME Assigns or deassigns a fileref for an external file, directory, or output device and returns a value
FILEREF
FINFO
FNOTE
FOPEN
FOPTNAME
FOPTNUM
FPOINT
FPOS
FPUT Moves data to the File Data Buffer (FDB) of an external file, starting at the FDB's current column position, and returns a value
FREAD
FREWIND
FRLEN Returns the size of the last record read, or, if the file is opened for output, returns the current record size
FSEP
FWRITE
MOPEN
PATHNAME
SYSMSG Returns the text of error messages or warning messages from the last data set or external file function execution
SYSRC
CALL MODULE
CALL MODULEI
MODULEC
MODULEIC
MODULEIN
MODULEN
COMPOUND
CONVX
CONVXP
DACCDB
DACCDBSL
DACCSL
DACCSYD
DACCTAB
DEPDB
DEPDBSL
DEPSL
DEPSYD
DEPTAB
DUR
DURP
INTRR
IRR
MORT
NETPV
NPV
PVP
SAVING
YIELDP
COSH
SINH
TANH
CALL EXECUTE
CALL SYMPUT
Macro
Returns the resolved value of an argument after it has been processed by the macro facility
Returns the value of a macro variable during DATA step execution
Mathematical Returns the absolute value
Returns the value of the airy function
Returns the noncentrality parameter from a chi-squared distribution
Computes some machine and mathematical constants and returns a value
Returns the derivative of the airy function
Computes the deviance and returns a value
Returns the value of the DIGAMMA function
Returns the value of the (normal) error function
Returns the value of the complementary (normal) error function
Returns the value of the exponential function
Computes a factorial and returns a value
Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter of an F distribution
Returns the value of the Gamma function
Returns the value of the modified bessel function
Returns the value of the bessel function
Returns the natural logarithm of the Gamma function
Returns the natural (base e) logarithm
Returns the logarithm to the base 10
Returns the logarithm to the base 2
Returns the remainder value
Returns the sign of a value
Returns the square root of a value
Returns the value of the TRIGAMMA function
Probability Computes cumulative distribution functions
Computes the logarithm of a probability (mass) function
Computes the logarithm of a survival function
Computes probability density (mass) functions
Returns the probability from a Poisson distribution
Returns the probability from a beta distribution
Returns the probability from a binomial distribution
Computes a probability from the bivariate normal distribution and returns a value
Returns the probability from a chi-squared distribution
Returns the probability from a gamma distribution
Returns the probability from a hypergeometric distribution
Returns the probability from a negative binomial distribution
Returns the probability from the standard normal distribution
Computes a survival function
Quantile Returns a quantile from the beta distribution
Returns a quantile from the chi-squared distribution
Returns a quantile from the gamma distribution
Returns a quantile from the standard normal distribution
Random Number Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution
Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution
Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution
Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution
Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution
Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution
RESOLVE
SYMGET
ABS
AIRY
CNONCT
COMB Computes the number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time and returns a value
CONSTANT
DAIRY
DEVIANCE
DIGAMMA
ERF
ERFC
EXP
FACT
FNONCT
GAMMA
IBESSEL
JBESSEL
LGAMMA
LOG
LOG10
LOG2
MOD
PERM Computes the number of permutations of n items taken r at a time and returns a value
SIGN
SQRT
TNONCT Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter from the student's t distribution
TRIGAMMA
CDF
LOGPDF
LOGSDF
POISSON
PROBBETA
PROBBNML
PROBBNRM
PROBCHI
PROBF Returns the probability from an F distribution
PROBGAM
PROBHYPR
PROBMC Computes a probability or a quantile from various distributions for multiple comparisons of means, and returns a value
PROBNEGB
PROBNORM
PROBT Returns the probability from a t distribution
SDF
BETAINV
CINV
FINV Returns a quantile from the F distribution
GAMINV
PROBIT
TINV Returns a quantile from the t distribution
CALL RANBIN
CALL RANCAU
CALL RANEXP
CALL RANGAM
CALL RANNOR
CALL RANPOI
CALL RANTBL
Random Number
Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution
Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution
Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution
Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution
Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution
Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution
Returns a random variate from a tabled probability
Random variate from a triangular distribution
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution
Random variate from a uniform distribution
SAS File I/O Returns the value of a character attribute for a SAS data set
Returns the value of a numeric attribute for the specified SAS data set
Verifies the existence of a SAS catalog or SAS catalog entry and returns a value
Closes a SAS data set and returns a value
Returns the observation number of the current observation
Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file and returns a value
Returns the SAS data set name that is associated with a data set identifier
Verifies the existence of a SAS data library member
Returns the value of a SAS data set character variable
Returns the value of a SAS data set numeric variable
Returns a formatted error message for _IORC_
Assigns or deassigns a libref for a SAS data library and returns a value
Verifies that a libref has been assigned and returns a value
Returns an observation ID for the current observation of a SAS data set
Opens a SAS data set and returns a value
Returns the physical name of a SAS data library or of an external file, or returns a blank
Locates an observation identified by the NOTE function and returns a value
Positions the data set pointer at the beginning of a SAS data set and returns a value
Returns a system error number
Returns the format assigned to a SAS data set variable
Returns the informat assigned to a SAS data set variable
Returns the label assigned to a SAS data set variable
Returns the length of a SAS data set variable
Returns the name of a SAS data set variable
Returns the number of a variable's position in a SAS data set
Returns the data type of a SAS data set variable
Special Returns the memory address of a variable
Writes a value directly into memory
Submits an operating environment command for execution
Returns the value of a SAS system or graphics option
Enables you to specify a character informat at run time
Enables you to specify a numeric informat at run time
Returns values from a queue
Stores the contents of a memory address into a numeric variable
Stores the contents of a memory address into a character variable
Writes a value directly into memory
Returns a value using a specified format
Enables you to specify a character format at run time
Enables you to specify a numeric format at run time
Returns the value of the specified operating environment variable
CALL RANTRI
CALL RANUNI
NORMAL
RANBIN
RANCAU
RANEXP
RANGAM
RANNOR
RANPOI
RANTBL
RANTRI
RANUNI
UNIFORM
ATTRC
ATTRN
CEXIST
CLOSE
CUROBS
DROPNOTE
DSNAME
EXIST
FETCH Reads the next nondeleted observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV) and returns a value
FETCHOBS Reads a specified observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV) and returns a value
GETVARC
GETVARN
IORCMSG
LIBNAME
LIBREF
NOTE
OPEN
PATHNAME
POINT
REWIND
SYSMSG Returns the text of error messages or warning messages from the last data set or external file function execution
SYSRC
VARFMT
VARINFMT
VARLABEL
VARLEN
VARNAME
VARNUM
VARTYPE
ADDR
CALL POKE
CALL SYSTEM
DIF Returns differences between the argument and its nth lag
GETOPTION
INPUT Returns the value produced when a SAS expression that uses a specified informat expression is read
INPUTC
INPUTN
LAG
PEEK
PEEKC
POKE
PUT
PUTC
PUTN
SYSGET
Special
Returns the system parameter string
Determines if a product is licensed
Issues an operating environment command during a SAS session
State and ZIP Code Converts FIPS codes to uppercase state names
Converts FIPS codes to mixed case state names
Converts FIPS codes to two-character postal codes
Converts state postal codes to FIPS state codes
Converts state postal codes to uppercase state names
Converts state postal codes to mixed case state names
Converts ZIP codes to FIPS state codes
Converts ZIP codes to uppercase state names
Converts ZIP codes to mixed case state names
Converts ZIP codes to state postal codes
Trigonometric Returns the arccosine
Returns the arcsine
Returns the arctangent
Returns the cosine
Returns the sine
Returns the tangent
Truncation Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument
Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument
Returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E-12
Returns the integer value
Rounds to the nearest round-off unit
Truncates a numeric value to a specified length
Variable Control Assigns a variable label to a specified character variable
Assigns a variable name as the value of a specified variable
Returns a value that indicates whether the specified name is an array
Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is an array
Returns the format that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format decimal value that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format decimal value that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the format name that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format name that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the format width that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format width that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns a value that indicates whether the specified variable is a member of an array
Returns the informat that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat decimal value that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat decimal value that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the informat name that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat name that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the informat width that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat width that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the informat that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the label that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the variable label for the value of a specified argument
Returns the compile-time (allocated) size of the specified variable
Returns the compile-time (allocated) size for the value of the specified argument
Returns the name of the specified variable
Validates the value of the specified argument as a variable name
Returns the type (character or numeric) of the specified variable
Returns the type (character or numeric) for the value of the specified argument
Web Tools
Encodes characters using HTML character entity references and returns the encoded string
Returns a string that was decoded using the URL escape syntax
SYSPARM
SYSPROD
SYSTEM
FIPNAME
FIPNAMEL
FIPSTATE
STFIPS
STNAME
STNAMEL
ZIPFIPS
ZIPNAME
ZIPNAMEL
ZIPSTATE
ARCOS
ARSIN
ATAN
COS
SIN
TAN
CEIL
FLOOR
FUZZ
INT
ROUND
TRUNC
CALL LABEL
CALL SET Links SAS data set variables to DATA step or macro variables that have the same name and data type
CALL VNAME
Variable Information
VARRAY
VARRAYX
VFORMAT
VFORMATD
VFORMATDX
VFORMATN
VFORMATNX
VFORMATW
VFORMATWX
VFORMATX
VINARRAY
VINARRAYX Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is a member of an array
VINFORMAT
VINFORMATD
VINFORMATDX
VINFORMATN
VINFORMATNX
VINFORMATW
VINFORMATWX
VINFORMATX
VLABEL
VLABELX
VLENGTH
VLENGTHX
VNAME
VNAMEX
VTYPE
VTYPEX
HTMLDECODE Decodes a string containing HTML numeric character references or HTML character entity references and returns the decoded string
HTMLENCODE
URLDECODE
Web Tools
Returns a string that was encoded using the URL escape syntaxURLENCODE
Description
Returns the number of elements in an array
Returns the upper bound of an array
Returns the lower bound of an array
Returns the bitwise logical AND of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical left shift of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical NOT of an argument
Returns the bitwise logical OR of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical right shift of two arguments
Returns the bitwise logical EXCLUSIVE OR of two arguments
Changes one or more substrings that match a pattern
Frees memory allocated by other regular expression (RX) functions and CALL routines
Finds the position, length, and score of a substring that matches a pattern
Finds the beginning of a substring that matches a pattern and returns a value
Parses a pattern and returns a value
Returns one character in the ASCII or the EBCDIC collating sequence
Returns an ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence character string
Removes multiple blanks from a character string
Removes specific characters from a character string
Removes quotation marks from a character value
Searches a character expression for a string of characters
Searches a character expression for specific characters
Searches a character expression for a specified string as a word
Left aligns a SAS character expression
Returns the length of an argument
Converts all letters in an argument to lowercase
Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value
Adds double quotation marks to a character value
Returns the position of a character in the ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence
Repeats a character expression
Reverses a character expression
Right aligns a character expression
Selects a given word from a character expression
Encodes a string to facilitate searching
Replaces character value contents
Extracts a substring from an argument
Replaces specific characters in a character expression
Replaces or removes all occurrences of a word in a character string
Converts all letters in an argument to uppercase
Returns the position of the first character that is unique to an expression
Returns the result of a comparison of character strings
Removes specific characters from a character string
Returns the number of double-byte characters in a string
Searches a character expression for a string of characters
Searches a character expression for specific characters
Returns the length of an argument
Converts all letters in an argument to lowercase
Reverses a character expression
Right aligns a character expression by trimming trailing DBCS blanks and SO/SI
Selects a given word from a character expression
Concatenates two or more character strings
Extracts a substring from an argument
Extracts a substring from an argument based on byte position
Determines the likelihood of two words matching, expressed as the asymmetric spelling distance between the two words
Removes trailing blanks from character expressions and returns one blank if the expression is missing
Removes trailing blanks from character expressions and returns a null string (zero blanks) if the expression is missing
Left aligns a SAS character expression by removing unnecessary leading DBCS blanks and SO/SI
Replaces specific characters in a character expression
Removes trailing DBCS blanks and SO/SI from character expressions
Truncates a numeric value to a specified length
Converts all single-byte letters in an argument to uppercase
Inserts, deletes, and replaces character value contents
Inserts, deletes, and replaces character value contents based on byte unit
Returns the position of the first character that is unique to an expression
Returns the number of days between two dates
Returns the current date as a SAS date value
Converts a Julian date to a SAS date value
Extracts the date from a SAS datetime value
Returns the current date and time of day as a SAS datetime value
Returns the day of the month from a SAS date value
Returns a SAS datetime value from date, hour, minute, and second
Returns a SAS time value from hour, minute, and second values
Returns the hour from a SAS time or datetime value
Returns the integer number of time intervals in a given time span
Returns the Julian date from a SAS date value
Returns a seven-digit Julian date from a SAS date value
Returns a SAS date value from month, day, and year values
Returns the minute from a SAS time or datetime value
Returns the month from a SAS date value
Returns the quarter of the year from a SAS date value
Returns the second from a SAS time or datetime value
Returns the current time of day
Extracts a time value from a SAS datetime value
Returns the current date as a SAS date value
Returns the day of the week from a SAS date value
Returns the year from a SAS date value
Returns the difference in years between two dates
Returns a SAS date value from the year and quarter
Returns the corrected sum of squares
Returns the coefficient of variation
Returns the kurtosis
Returns the largest value
Returns the arithmetic mean (average)
Returns the smallest value
Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value
Returns the number of nonmissing values
Returns the number of missing values
Returns any specified order statistic
Returns the range of values
Returns the skewness
Returns the standard deviation
Returns the standard error of the mean
Returns the sum of the nonmissing arguments
Returns the uncorrected sum of squares
Returns the variance
Closes a directory that was opened by the DOPEN function and returns a value
Returns information about a directory
Returns the number of members in a directory
Opens a directory and returns a directory identifier value
Returns directory attribute information
Returns the number of information items that are available for a directory
Returns the name of a directory member
Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file and returns a value
Appends the current record to the end of an external file and returns a value
Closes an external file, directory, or directory member, and returns a value
Advances a date, time, or datetime value by a given interval, and returns a date, time, or datetime value
Returns the current column position in the File Data Buffer (FDB)
Deletes an external file or an empty directory
Verifies the existence of an external file associated with a fileref and returns a value
Copies data from the File Data Buffer (FDB) into a variable and returns a value
Verifies the existence of an external file by its physical name and returns a value
Verifies that a fileref has been assigned for the current SAS session and returns a value
Returns the value of a file information item
Identifies the last record that was read and returns a value that FPOINT can use
Opens an external file and returns a file identifier value
Returns the name of an item of information about a file
Returns the number of information items that are available for an external file
Positions the read pointer on the next record to be read and returns a value
Sets the position of the column pointer in the File Data Buffer (FDB) and returns a value
Reads a record from an external file into the File Data Buffer (FDB) and returns a value
Positions the file pointer to the start of the file and returns a value
Sets the token delimiters for the FGET function and returns a value
Writes a record to an external file and returns a value
Opens a file by directory id and member name, and returns the file identifier or a 0
Returns the physical name of a SAS data library or of an external file, or returns a blank
Returns a system error number
Calls the external routine without any return code
Calls the external routine without any return code (in IML environment only)
Calls an external routine and returns a character value
Calls an external routine and returns a character value (in IML environment only)
Calls an external routine and returns a numeric value (in IML environment only)
Calls an external routine and returns a numeric value
Returns compound interest parameters
Returns the convexity for an enumerated cashflow
Returns the convexity for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Returns the accumulated declining balance depreciation
Returns the accumulated declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation
Returns the accumulated straight-line depreciation
Returns the accumulated sum-of-years-digits depreciation
Returns the accumulated depreciation from specified tables
Returns the declining balance depreciation
Returns the declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation
Returns the straight-line depreciation
Returns the sum-of-years-digits depreciation
Returns the depreciation from specified tables
Returns the modified duration for an enumerated cashflow
Returns the modified duration for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Returns the internal rate of return as a fraction
Returns the internal rate of return as a percentage
Returns amortization parameters
Returns the net present value as a fraction
Returns the net present value with the rate expressed as a percentage
Returns the present value for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Returns the future value of a periodic saving
Returns the yield-to-maturity for a periodic cashflow stream, such as a bond
Returns the hyperbolic cosine
Returns the hyperbolic sine
Returns the hyperbolic tangent
Resolves an argument and issues the resolved value for execution
Assigns DATA step information to a macro variable
Assigns or deassigns a fileref for an external file, directory, or output device and returns a value
Moves data to the File Data Buffer (FDB) of an external file, starting at the FDB's current column position, and returns a value
Returns the size of the last record read, or, if the file is opened for output, returns the current record size
Returns the text of error messages or warning messages from the last data set or external file function execution
Returns the resolved value of an argument after it has been processed by the macro facility
Returns the value of a macro variable during DATA step execution
Returns the absolute value
Returns the value of the airy function
Returns the noncentrality parameter from a chi-squared distribution
Computes some machine and mathematical constants and returns a value
Returns the derivative of the airy function
Computes the deviance and returns a value
Returns the value of the DIGAMMA function
Returns the value of the (normal) error function
Returns the value of the complementary (normal) error function
Returns the value of the exponential function
Computes a factorial and returns a value
Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter of an F distribution
Returns the value of the Gamma function
Returns the value of the modified bessel function
Returns the value of the bessel function
Returns the natural logarithm of the Gamma function
Returns the natural (base e) logarithm
Returns the logarithm to the base 10
Returns the logarithm to the base 2
Returns the remainder value
Returns the sign of a value
Returns the square root of a value
Returns the value of the TRIGAMMA function
Computes cumulative distribution functions
Computes the logarithm of a probability (mass) function
Computes the logarithm of a survival function
Computes probability density (mass) functions
Returns the probability from a Poisson distribution
Returns the probability from a beta distribution
Returns the probability from a binomial distribution
Computes a probability from the bivariate normal distribution and returns a value
Returns the probability from a chi-squared distribution
Returns the probability from a gamma distribution
Returns the probability from a hypergeometric distribution
Returns the probability from a negative binomial distribution
Returns the probability from the standard normal distribution
Computes a survival function
Returns a quantile from the beta distribution
Returns a quantile from the chi-squared distribution
Returns a quantile from the gamma distribution
Returns a quantile from the standard normal distribution
Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution
Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution
Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution
Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution
Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution
Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution
Computes the number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time and returns a value
Computes the number of permutations of n items taken r at a time and returns a value
Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter from the student's t distribution
Returns the probability from an F distribution
Computes a probability or a quantile from various distributions for multiple comparisons of means, and returns a value
Returns the probability from a t distribution
Returns a quantile from the F distribution
Returns a quantile from the t distribution
Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution
Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution
Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution
Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution
Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution
Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution
Returns a random variate from a tabled probability
Random variate from a triangular distribution
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution
Random variate from a uniform distribution
Returns the value of a character attribute for a SAS data set
Returns the value of a numeric attribute for the specified SAS data set
Verifies the existence of a SAS catalog or SAS catalog entry and returns a value
Closes a SAS data set and returns a value
Returns the observation number of the current observation
Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file and returns a value
Returns the SAS data set name that is associated with a data set identifier
Verifies the existence of a SAS data library member
Returns the value of a SAS data set character variable
Returns the value of a SAS data set numeric variable
Returns a formatted error message for _IORC_
Assigns or deassigns a libref for a SAS data library and returns a value
Verifies that a libref has been assigned and returns a value
Returns an observation ID for the current observation of a SAS data set
Opens a SAS data set and returns a value
Returns the physical name of a SAS data library or of an external file, or returns a blank
Locates an observation identified by the NOTE function and returns a value
Positions the data set pointer at the beginning of a SAS data set and returns a value
Returns a system error number
Returns the format assigned to a SAS data set variable
Returns the informat assigned to a SAS data set variable
Returns the label assigned to a SAS data set variable
Returns the length of a SAS data set variable
Returns the name of a SAS data set variable
Returns the number of a variable's position in a SAS data set
Returns the data type of a SAS data set variable
Returns the memory address of a variable
Writes a value directly into memory
Submits an operating environment command for execution
Returns the value of a SAS system or graphics option
Enables you to specify a character informat at run time
Enables you to specify a numeric informat at run time
Returns values from a queue
Stores the contents of a memory address into a numeric variable
Stores the contents of a memory address into a character variable
Writes a value directly into memory
Returns a value using a specified format
Enables you to specify a character format at run time
Enables you to specify a numeric format at run time
Returns the value of the specified operating environment variable
Reads the next nondeleted observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV) and returns a value
Reads a specified observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV) and returns a value
Returns the text of error messages or warning messages from the last data set or external file function execution
Returns differences between the argument and its nth lag
Returns the value produced when a SAS expression that uses a specified informat expression is read
Returns the system parameter string
Determines if a product is licensed
Issues an operating environment command during a SAS session
Converts FIPS codes to uppercase state names
Converts FIPS codes to mixed case state names
Converts FIPS codes to two-character postal codes
Converts state postal codes to FIPS state codes
Converts state postal codes to uppercase state names
Converts state postal codes to mixed case state names
Converts ZIP codes to FIPS state codes
Converts ZIP codes to uppercase state names
Converts ZIP codes to mixed case state names
Converts ZIP codes to state postal codes
Returns the arccosine
Returns the arcsine
Returns the arctangent
Returns the cosine
Returns the sine
Returns the tangent
Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument
Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument
Returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E-12
Returns the integer value
Rounds to the nearest round-off unit
Truncates a numeric value to a specified length
Assigns a variable label to a specified character variable
Assigns a variable name as the value of a specified variable
Returns a value that indicates whether the specified name is an array
Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is an array
Returns the format that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format decimal value that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format decimal value that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the format name that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format name that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the format width that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the format width that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns a value that indicates whether the specified variable is a member of an array
Returns the informat that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat decimal value that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat decimal value that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the informat name that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat name that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the informat width that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the informat width that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the informat that is associated with the value of the specified argument
Returns the label that is associated with the specified variable
Returns the variable label for the value of a specified argument
Returns the compile-time (allocated) size of the specified variable
Returns the compile-time (allocated) size for the value of the specified argument
Returns the name of the specified variable
Validates the value of the specified argument as a variable name
Returns the type (character or numeric) of the specified variable
Returns the type (character or numeric) for the value of the specified argument
Encodes characters using HTML character entity references and returns the encoded string
Returns a string that was decoded using the URL escape syntax
Links SAS data set variables to DATA step or macro variables that have the same name and data type
Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is a member of an array
Decodes a string containing HTML numeric character references or HTML character entity references and returns the decoded string
Returns a string that was encoded using the URL escape syntax
Categories and Descriptions of Informats
Category Informat Description
Character Converts ASCII character data to native format
Converts binary data to character data
Reads character data with blanks
Converts binary 0s to blanks
Converts EBCDIC character data to native format
Converts hexadecimal data to character data
Converts octal data to character data
Converts packed hexadecimal data to character data
Removes matching quotation marks from character data
Reads character data from right to left and preserves blanks
Reads character data from right to left and left aligns
Converts character data to uppercase
Reads character data of varying length
Reads standard character data
Column Binary Reads standard character data from column-binary files
Reads standard numeric values from column-binary files
Reads whether a row of column-binary data is punched
Reads a column-binary field down a card column
DBCS Removes shift code data from DBCS data
Adds shift code data to DBCS data
Date and Time
Reads international date values
Reads dates in Taiwanese form
Reads TIME MIC values
Reads packed decimal time of SMF and RMF records
Reads duration intervals of RMF records
Reads time and date fields of RMF records
Reads date and time values of SHR records
Reads time and date values of SMF records
Reads an eight-byte time-of-day stamp
Reads timer units
Reads quarters of the year
Numeric Converts positive binary values to integers
Extracts bits
Converts blanks to 0s
Removes embedded characters
$ASCIIw.
$BINARYw.
$CHARw.
$CHARZBw.
$EBCDICw.
$HEXw.
$OCTALw.
$PHEXw.
$QUOTEw.
$REVERJw.
$REVERSw.
$UPCASEw.
$VARYINGw.
$w.
$CBw.
CBw.d
PUNCH.d
ROWw.d
$KANJIw.
$KANJIXw.
DATEw. Reads date values in the form ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy
DATETIMEw. Reads datetime values in the form ddmmmyy hh:mm:ss.ss or ddmmmyyyy hh:mm:ss.ss
DDMMYYw. Reads date values in the form ddmmyy or ddmmyyyy
EURDFDEw.
EURDFDTw. Reads international datetime values in the form ddmmmyy hh:mm:ss.ss or ddmmmyyyy hh:mm:ss.ss
EURDFMYw. Reads month and year date values in the form mmmyy or mmmyyyy
JDATEYMDw. Reads Japanese kanji date values in the format yymmmdd or yyyymmmdd
JNENGOw. Reads Japanese Kanji date values in the form yymmdd
JULIANw. Reads Julian dates in the form yyddd or yyyyddd
MINGUOw.
MMDDYYw. Reads date values in the form mmddyy or mmddyyyy
MONYYw. Reads month and year date values in the form mmmyy or mmmyyyy
MSECw.
NENGOw. Reads Japanese date values in the form eyymmdd
PDJULGw. Reads packed Julian date values in the hexadecimal form yyyydddF for IBM
PDJULIw. Reads packed Julian dates in the hexadecimal format ccyyddd F for IBM
PDTIMEw.
RMFDURw.
RMFSTAMPw.
SHRSTAMPw.
SMFSTAMPw.
TIMEw. Reads hours, minutes, and seconds in the form hh:mm:ss.ss
TODSTAMPw.
TUw.
YYMMDDw. Reads date values in the form yymmdd or yyyymmdd
YYMMNw. Reads date values in the form yyyymm or yymm
YYQw.
BINARYw.d
BITSw.d
BZw.d
COMMAw.d
Numeric
Removes embedded characters
Reads numeric values that are stored in scientific notation and double-precision scientific notation
Converts hexadecimal positive binary values to either integer (fixed-point) or real (floating-point) binary values
Reads native integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values
Reads integer binary (fixed-point) values in Intel and DEC formats
Reads numeric values with a comma in place of the decimal point
Converts positive octal values to integers
Reads data that are stored in IBM packed decimal format
Reads percentages as numeric values
Reads positive integer binary (fixed-point) values
Reads positive integer binary (fixed-point) values in Intel and DEC formats
Reads unsigned packed decimal data
Reads numeric data that are stored in real binary (floating-point) notation
Reads EBCDIC numeric data
Reads integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values, in IBM mainframe format
Reads unsigned integer binary (fixed-point) values in IBM mainframe format
Reads packed data in IBM mainframe format
Reads unsigned packed decimal data in IBM mainframe format
Reads positive integer binary (fixed-point) values in IBM mainframe format
Reads real binary (floating-point) data in IBM mainframe format
Reads zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format
Reads zoned decimal leading-sign data in IBM mainframe format
Reads zoned decimal separate leading-sign data in IBM mainframe format
Reads zoned decimal separate trailing-sign data in IBM mainframe format
Reads unsigned zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format
Reads real binary (floating-point) data in VMS format
Reads standard numeric data
Removes embedded yen signs, commas, and decimal points
Reads zoned decimal data
Reads zoned decimal data in which zeros have been left blank
Reads and validates zoned decimal data
COMMAXw.d
Ew.d
FLOATw.d Reads a native single-precision, floating-point value and divides it by 10 raised to the dth power
HEXw.
IBw.d
IBRw.d
IEEEw.d Reads an IEEE floating-point value and divides it by 10 raised to the d th power
NUMXw.d
OCTALw.d
PDw.d
PERCENTw.d
PIBw.d
PIBRw.d
PKw.d
RBw.d
S370FFw.d
S370FIBw.d
S370FIBUw.d
S370FPDw.d
S370FPDUw.d
S370FPIBw.d
S370FRBw.d
S370FZDw.d
S370FZDLw.d
S370FZDSw.d
S370FZDTw.d
S370FZDUw.d
VAXRBw.d
w.d
YENw.d
ZDw.d
ZDBw.d
ZDVw.d
Categories and Descriptions of DATA Step Statements
Category Statement Description
Action Stops executing the current DATA step, SAS job, or SAS session
Evaluates an expression and stores the result in a variable
Invokes or calls a SAS CALL routine
Stops processing the current observation
Retrieves source code from a stored compiled DATA step program or a DATA step view
Sets _ERROR_ to 1 and, optionally, writes a message to the SAS log
Executes a stored compiled DATA step program
Continues processing only those observations that meet the condition
Writes to the SAS log the input data records for the observation that is being processed
Signals the end of data lines; acts as a placeholder
Writes the current observation to a SAS data set
Points to different input or output SAS data sets when you execute a stored program
Deletes an observation from a SAS data set
Replaces an observation in the same location
Stops execution of the current DATA step
Adds the result of an expression to an accumulator variable
Selects observations from SAS data sets that meet a particular condition
Control Stops processing the current DO-loop iteration and resumes with the next iteration
Designates a group of statements to be executed as a unit
Executes statements between DO and END repetitively based on the value of an index variable
Executes statements in a DO loop repetitively until a condition is true
Executes statements repetitively while a condition is true
Ends a DO group or a SELECT group
Moves execution immediately to the statement label that is specified
Executes a SAS statement for observations that meet specific conditions
Identifies a statement that is referred to by another statement
Stops processing the current loop and resumes with the next statement in sequence
Jumps to a statement label
Stops executing statements at the current point in the DATA step and returns to a predetermined point in the step
Executes one of several statements or groups of statements
File-handling
Indicates that data lines follow
Indicates that data lines that contain semicolons follow
Begins a DATA step and provides names for any output SAS data sets
Indicates that data lines follow
Indicates that data lines that contain semicolons follow
Specifies the current output file for PUT statements
Identifies an external file to read with an INPUT statement
Describes the arrangement of values in the input data record and assigns input values to the corresponding SAS variables
Reads input values from specified columns and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables
Reads input values with specified informats and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables
Scans the input data record for input values and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables
Joins observations from two or more SAS data sets into single observations
Replaces, deletes, and appends observations in an existing SAS data set in place; does not create an additional copy
Writes variable values in the specified columns in the output line
Writes variable values with the specified format in the output line
Writes variable values and the specified character strings in the output line
ABORT
Assignment
CALL
DELETE
DESCRIBE
ERROR
EXECUTE
IF, Subsetting
LIST
LOSTCARD Resynchronizes the input data when SAS encounters a missing or invalid record in data that have multiple records per observation
Null
OUTPUT
REDIRECT
REMOVE
REPLACE
STOP
Sum
WHERE
CONTINUE
DO
DO, Iterative
DO UNTIL
DO WHILE
END
GO TO
IF-THEN/ELSE
Labels, Statement
LEAVE
LINK
RETURN
SELECT
BY Controls the operation of a SET, MERGE, MODIFY, or UPDATE statement in the DATA step and sets up special grouping variables
CARDS
CARDS4
DATA
DATALINES
DATALINES4
FILE
FILE, ODS Defines the structure of the data component that holds the results of the DATA step and binds that component to a template to produce an output object. ODS sends this object to all open ODS destinations, each of which formats the object appropriately. Also controls what happens when the PUT statement tries to write past the end of a line.INFILE
INPUT
INPUT, Column
INPUT, Formatted
INPUT, List
INPUT, Named Reads data values that appear after a variable name that is followed by an equal sign and assigns them to corresponding SAS variables
MERGE
MODIFY
PUT Writes lines to the SAS log, to the SAS procedure output file, or to an external file that is specified in the most recent FILE statement
PUT, Column
PUT, Formatted
PUT, List
Writes variable values after the variable name and an equal sign
Reads an observation from one or more SAS data sets
Updates a master file by applying transactions
Information Defines elements of an array
Describes the elements in an array to be processed
Associates a format, informat, label, and/or length with one or more variables
Excludes variables from output SAS data sets
Associates formats with variables
Associates informats with variables
Includes variables in output SAS data sets
Assigns descriptive labels to variables
Specifies the number of bytes for storing variables
Assigns characters in your input data to represent special missing values for numeric data
Specifies new names for variables in output SAS data sets
PUT, Named
PUT, _ODS_ Writes data values to a special buffer from which they can be written to the data component, and formatted by ODS destinations
SET
UPDATE
ARRAY
Array Reference
ATTRIB
DROP
FORMAT
INFORMAT
KEEP
LABEL
LENGTH
MISSING
RENAME
RETAIN Causes a variable that is created by an INPUT or assignment statement to retain its value from one iteration of the DATA step to the next
Categories and Descriptions of Global Statements
Category Statement Description
Data Access
References a SAS catalog as an external file
Allows you to access remote files using the FTP protocol
Allows you to read from or write to a TCP/IP socket
Allows you to access remote files using the URL access method
Associates a SAS libref with a database management system (DBMS) database, schema, server, or group of tables or views
Log Control Documents the purpose of the statement or program
Skips to a new page in the SAS log
Creates a blank line in the SAS log
Issues an operating-environment command from within a SAS session
Output Control Prints up to ten lines of text at the bottom of the procedure or DATA step output
Specifies output objects to exclude from ODS destinations
Opens, manages, or closes the Listing destination
Creates a SAS data set from an output object and manages the selection and exclusion lists for the Output destination
Specifies output objects for ODS destinations
Writes to the SAS log the specified selection or exclusion list
Writes to the SAS log a record of each output object that is created, or suppresses the writing of this record
Prints or suppresses a warning that a style definition or a table definition that is used is not supplied by SAS Institute
Specifies title lines for SAS output
Program Control Submits SAS Program Editor, Log, Procedure Output or text editor commands as SAS statements
Terminates a SAS job or session after the current DATA or PROC step executes
Brings a SAS programming statement, data lines, or both, into a current SAS program
Displays lines that are entered in the current session
Changes the value of one or more SAS system options
Executes the previously entered SAS statements
Ends source statements following a %INCLUDE * statement
Window Display Displays a window that is created with the WINDOW statement
Creates customized windows for your applications
CATNAME Logically combines two or more catalogs into one by associating them with a catref (a shortcut name); clears one or all catrefs; lists the concatenated catalogs in one concatenation or in all concatenations
FILENAME Associates a SAS fileref with an external file or an output device; disassociates a fileref and external file; lists attributes of external files
FILENAME, CATALOG Access Method
FILENAME, FTP Access Method
FILENAME, SOCKET Access Method
FILENAME, URL Access Method
LIBNAME Associates or disassociates a SAS data library with a libref (a shortcut name); clears one or all librefs; lists the characteristics of a SAS data library; concatenates SAS data libraries; implicitly concatenates SAS catalogs.
LIBNAME, SAS/ACCESS
Comment
PAGE
SKIP
Operating Environment
X
FOOTNOTE
ODS EXCLUDE
ODS HTML Opens, manages, or closes the HTML destination. If the destination is open, you can create HTML output (output that is written in Hypertext Markup Language).
ODS LISTING
ODS OUTPUT
ODS PATH Specifies which locations to search for definitions that were created by PROC EMPLATE, as well as the order in which to search for them
ODS PRINTER Opens, manages, or closes the Printer destination. If the destination is open, you can create Printer output (output that is formatted for a high-resolution printer)
ODS SELECT
ODS SHOW
ODS TRACE
ODS VERIFY
TITLE
DM
ENDSAS
%INCLUDE
%LIST
OPTIONS
RUN
%RUN
DISPLAY
WINDOW
Report-Writing Procedures by TaskTo Produce Use this Procedure Which
Details Reports PRINT
REPORT
SQL
Summary Reports PRINT produces only one summary report: can sum the BY variables.
REPORT
TABULATE
SQL
MEANS or SUMMARY
Miscellaneoous bhighy formatted reports
Calendars CALENDER
Labels, Forms FORMS
Name/address listings FORMS produces multicolumn name and address listings.
REPORT produces multipanel reports.
Low-resolution graphical reports
CHART
PLOT produces scatter diagrams that plot one variable against another.
TIMEPLOT produces plots of one or more variables over time intervals.
produces data listings quickly; can supply titles, footnotes, and column sums.
offers more control and customization than PROC PRINT; can produce both column and row sums; has DATA step computation abilities.combines Structured Query Language and SAS features such as formats; can manipulate data and create a SAS data set in the same step that creates the report; can produce column and row statistics; does not offer as much control over output as PROC PRINT and
combines features of the PRINT, MEANS, and TABULATE procedures with features of the DATA step in a single report writing tool that can produce a variety of reports; can also create an output data set.displays descriptive statistics in tabular form. The value in each table cell is calculated from the variables and statistics that define the pages, rows, and columns of the table. The statistic associated with each cell is calculated on values from all observations in that category. You can output the results to a SAS data set.
computes descriptive statistics for one or more SAS data sets or DBMS tables; can produce a printed report or create a SAS data set.
computes descriptive statistics for numeric variables; can produce a printed report and create an output data set.
displays data from a SAS data set in a monthly calendar format. PROC CALENDAR can display holidays in the month, schedule tasks, and process data for multiple calendars with work schedules that vary.
produces labels for envelopes, mailing labels, external tape labels, file cards, and other printer forms that have a regular pattern.
Multipanel reports (telephone book listing)
produces vertical and horizontal bar charts (also called histograms), block charts, pie charts, and star charts. These charts provide a quick visual representation of the values of a single variable or several variables. PROC CHART can also display a statistic associated with the values.
Elementary Statistical Procedures by Task
Descriptive Statistics CORR
MEANS or SUMMARY
REPORT
SQL
TABULATE
UNIVARIATE
FREQ
TABULATE
UNIVARIATE produces one-way frequency tables.
Correlation analysis CORR
Distribution analysis UNIVARIATE computes tests for location and tests for normality.
FREQ
Robust estimation UNIVARIATE
Data transformation
Computing ranks RANK
Standardizing data STANDARD
Low-resolution graphical reports
computes Pearson product-moment and weighted product-moment correlation coefficients between variables and descriptive statistics for these variables. In addition, PROC CORR can compute three nonparametric measures of association (Spearman's rank-order correlation, Kendall's tau-b, and Hoeffding's measure of dependence, D), partial correlations (Pearson's partial correlation, Spearman's partial rank-order correlation, and Kendall's partial tau-b), and Cronbach's coefficient alpha.
computes descriptive statistics for numeric variables across all observations and within groups of observations. You can also create an output data set that contains specific statistics and identifies minimum and maximum values for groups of observations.
computes most of the same statistics as PROC TABULATE; allows customization of format.
computes descriptive statistics for data in one or more DBMS tables; can produce a printed report or create a SAS data set.
produces tabular reports for descriptive statistics; can create an output data set.
computes the broadest set of descriptive statistics; can create an output data set.
Frequecy and cross-tabulation tables
produces one-way to n-way tables; reports frequency counts; computes chi-square tests; computes tests and measures of association and agreement for two-way to n-way cross-tabulation tables; can compute exact tests and asymptotic tests; can create output data sets.
produces one-way and two-way cross-tabulation tables; can create an output data set.
computes Pearson's, Spearman's, and Kendall's correlations and partial correlations; also computes Hoeffding's D and Cronbach's coefficient alpha.
computes a test for the binomial proportion for one-way tables; computes a goodness-of-fit test for one-way tables; computes a chi-square test of equal distribution for two-way tables.computes robust estimates of scale, trimmed means, and Winsorized means.
computes ranks for one or more numeric variables across the observations of a SAS data set and creates an output data set; can produce normal scores or other rank scores.creates an output data set that contains variables that are standardized to a given mean and standard deviation.
CHART
UNIVARIATE
Utility Procedures by Task
Supply information COMPARE
CONTENTS
OPTIONS lists the current values of all SAS system options.
SQL
Affect printing EXPLODE
FORMAT creates user-defined formats to display and print data.
PTINTTO
FLIST
SQL
Transform data FORMAT
SORT sorts SAS data sets by one or more variables.
SQL sorts SAS data sets by one or more variables.
TRANSPOSE
TRANTAB creates, edits, and displays customized translation tables.
Manage SAS files APPEND
BMDP invokes a BMDP program to analyze data in a SAS data set.
CATALOG manages SAS catalog entries.
CIMPORT
CONVERT
produces a graphical report that can show one of the following statistics for the chart variable: frequency counts, percentages, cumulative frequencies, cumulative percentages, totals, or averages.produces descriptive plots such as stem and leaf, box plot, and normal probability plot.
compares the contents of two SAS data sets. You can also use PROC COMPARE to compare the values of different variables within a single data set. PROC COMPARE produces a variety of reports on the comparisons that it performs.
prints descriptions of the contents of one or more files in a SAS data library.
supplies information through dictionary tables on an individual SAS data set as well as all SAS files active in the current SAS session. Dictionary tables can also provide information about macros, titles, indexes, external files, or SAS system options.produces oversized text on printed output; can produce displays such as posters, flip charts, and header pages.
routes procedure output to a file, a SAS catalog entry, or a printer; can also redirect the SAS log to a file.
Create, browse, and edit data
browses external files such as files that contain SAS source lines or SAS procedure output.
creates SAS data sets using Structured Query Language and SAS features.
creates user-defined informats and formats for character or numeric variables. PROC FORMAT also prints the contents of a format library, creates a control data set to write other informats or formats, and reads a control data set to create informats or formats.
transforms SAS data sets so that observations become variables and variables become observations.
adds observations from one SAS data set to the end of another SAS data set
restores a transport file created by the CPORT procedure to its original form (a SAS data library, catalog, or data set) in the format appropriate to the operating environment. Coupled with the CPORT procedure, PROC CIMPORT enables you to move SAS data libraries, catalogs, and data sets from one operating environment to another.
converts BMDP system files, OSIRIS system files, and SPSS portable files to SAS data sets.
COPY
CPORT
DATASETS
EXPORT
IMPORT
PDS lists, deletes, and renames the members of a partitioned data set.
PDSCOPY
REGISTRY imports registry information to the USER portion of the SAS Registry.
RELEASE
SOURCE
SQL concatenates SAS data sets.
TAPECOPY
TAPELABEL
PMENU creates customized pull-down menus for SAS applications.
copies an entire SAS data library or specific members of the library. You can limit processing to specific types of library members.
converts a SAS catalog, a SAS data set, or a SAS library to a transport sequential file that PROC CIMPORT can restore (usually under another operating environment) to its original form.lists, copies, renames, and deletes SAS files and SAS generation groups, manages indexes, and appends SAS data sets in a SAS data library. The procedure provides all the capabilities of the APPEND, CONTENTS, and COPY procedures. You can also modify variables within data sets, manage data set attributes, such as labels and passwords, or create and delete integrity constraints.
reads data from a SAS data set and writes them to an external data source.
reads data from an external data source and writes them to a SAS data set.
copies partitioned data sets from disk to tape, disk to disk, tape to tape, or tape to disk.
releases unused space at the end of a disk data set under the OS/390 environment.
provides an easy way to back up and process source library data sets.
copies an entire tape volume or files from one or more tape volumes to one output tape volume.
lists the label information of an IBM standard-labeled tape volume under the OS/390 environment.
Report-Writing Procedures by TaskExample
PROC CHART DATA=SASdataset options; VBAR variable / options; HBAR variable / options; options: MIDPOINTS= GROUP= SUMVAR=
PROC PLOT DATA=SASdataset options; options: HPERCENT= VPERCENT= PLOT yvariable * xvariable = symbol / options; PLOT (yvariables) * (xvariables) = symbol / options ; PLOT options: BOX OVERLAY VREF= HREF= BY variable(s) ;
Elementary Statistical Procedures by Task
PROC MEANS DATA=SASdataset options; options:N MEAN STD MIN MAX SUM VAR CSS USS VAR variable(s); BY variable(s); OUTPUT OUT=SASdataset keyword=variablename ... ;
PROC UNIVARIATE DATA=SASdataset options; options:PLOT VAR variable(s); BY variable(s); OUTPUT OUT=SASdataset keyword=variablename ... ;
PROC FREQ DATA=SASdataset; TABLES variable(s) / options; options:NOCOL NOROW NOPERCENT OUTPUT OUT=SASdataset;
Utility Procedures by Task
Categories and Descriptions of SAS System Options
Category Statement Description
Specifies the remote session ID that is used for SAS/CONNECT software
Specifies whether or not to display the SAS/CONNECT transfer status window
Encrypts all network communications
Specifies the algorithm(s) available for the encryption of data that are passed over the network
Specifies the key size to use for the encryption of data that are passed over the network
Used by the SIGNON portion of SAS/CONNECT to invoke a remote or server SAS session
Contains the fileref that is generated by the SASSCRIPT system option
Specifies one or more storage locations of SAS/CONNECT script files
Specifies the buffer size to use when you transmit data with SAS/CONNECT or SAS/SHARE software
Specifies the first TCP/IP port for SAS/CONNECT software
Specifies the last TCP/IP port for SAS/CONNECT software
Specifies the default form that is used for windowing output
Specifies how to handle an out-of-resource condition
Controls how SAS responds when a SAS data set is not found
Specifies how SAS responds to errors
Controls error handling in batch processing
Controls the maximum number of observations for which complete error messages are printed
Controls how SAS responds when a _NULL_ data set is used
Specifies the location of Java applets
Specifies the base location of SAS online documentation
Controls the order in which format catalogs are searched
Specifies the location of the text and index files for the facility that is used to view SAS help
Specifies a file that contains messages to be written to the SAS log
Specifies a parameter string that is passed to an external program
Specifies the file reference to use as the PARMCARDS file
Specifies the location of the repository manager for common metadata
Controls access to the SASUSER library
Specifies the autocall macro library
Specifies the location of the SASHELP library
Specifies the name of the SASUSER library
Specifies a character string that can be passed to SAS programs
Specifies the base location of SAS online training courses
Specifies the default permanent SAS data library
Specifies the WORK data library
Initializes the WORK data library
Communications: Networking and
encryption
CONNECTREMOTE=
CONNECTSTATUS
CONNECTWAIT Specifies whether or not to wait for a SAS/CONNECT remote submit statement (rsubmit) to complete before control returns to the local session
NETENCRYPT
NETENCRYPTALGORITHM=
NETENCRYPTKEYLEN=
NETMAC Controls whether SAS uses Message Authentication Codes (MACs) to detect message corruption across a network
SASCMD
SASFRSCR
SASSCRIPT=
TBUFSIZE=
TCPPORTFIRST=
TCPPORTLAST=
Environment control: Display
CHARCODE Determines whether character combinations are substituted for special characters that are not on the keyboard
FORMS=
SOLUTIONS Specifies whether the SOLUTIONS menu choice appears in all SAS windows and whether the SOLUTIONS folder appears in the SAS Explorer window
Environment control: Error handling
BYERR Controls whether SAS generates an error message and sets the error flag when a _NULL_ data set is used in the SORT procedure
CLEANUP
DSNFERR
ERRORABEND
ERRORCHECK=
ERRORS=
FMTERR Determines whether or not SAS generates an error message when a format of a variable cannot be found
VNFERR
Environment control: Files
APPLETLOC=
DOCLOC=
FMTSEARCH=
HELPLOC=
NEWS=
PARM=
PARMCARDS=
REP_MGRLOC=
RSASUSER
SASAUTOS=
SASHELP=
SASUSER=
SYSPARM=
TRAINLOC=
USER=
WORK=
WORKINIT
Controls whether SAS erases WORK files at the termination of a SAS session
Controls the ability to invoke a remote SAS session so that you can run SAS/CONNECT software
Invokes the SAS windowing environment
Invokes SAS with the Explorer, program editor, log, output, and results windows
Controls whether or not you invoke SAS with only the Explorer window
Suppresses the Log, Output, and Program Editor windows when you enter a SAS/AF application
Specifies whether or not to put the SAS session into DCOM/CORBA server mode
Determines whether SAS evaluates the execution mode and, if needed, resets the option
Specifies language for international date informats and formats
Specifies the translation tables that are used by various parts of SAS
Files: External files Allows previous library references (librefs) to persist in a new SAS session
Specifies whether synchronous I/O is enabled
Files: SAS files Specifies whether asynchronous I/O is enabled
Specifies the number of buffers to use for SAS data sets
Specifies the permanent buffer size for output SAS data sets
Specifies the number of SAS catalogs to keep open
Controls the number of extra page buffers to allocate for each open SAS catalog
Controls the compression of observations in output SAS data sets
Prevents certain errors by controlling the SAS keywords that are allowed in the DATA statement
Specifies the default access method for SAS data libraries
Causes SAS to begin reading at a specified observation or record
Specifies the most recently created data set
Specifies which observation SAS processes last
Controls whether you can replace permanently stored SAS data sets
Controls the type of SAS variable names that can be created and processed during a SAS session
Specifies a terminal device driver for SAS/GRAPH software
Specifies the location of the SAS data library that contains SAS/GIS-supplied US Census Tract maps
Specifies the list of locations to search for maps
Processes SAS source and data lines as 80-byte cards
Specifies the value SAS is to assign to a variable when invalid numeric data are encountered
Enables a PROC statement to invoke external programs
Specifies the length of secondary source statements
Specifies the length of the numeric portion of the sequence field in input source lines or datalines
Environment control: Files
WORKTERM
Environment control: Initialization and
operation
BATCH Specifies whether batch settings for LINESIZE, OVP, PAGESIZE, and SOURCE are in effect when SAS executes
DMR
DMS
DMSEXP
EXPLORER
INITCMD
INITSTMT= Specifies a SAS statement to be executed after any statements in the autoexec file and before any statements from the SYSIN= file
MULTENVAPPL Controls whether SAS/AF, SAS/FSP, and base windowing applications use a default on an operating environment specific font selector window
Environment control: Initialization and
operation
OBJECTSERVER
TERMINAL
Environment control: Language control
DFLANG=
TRANTAB=
STARTLIB
SYNCHIO
ASYNCHIO
BUFNO=
BUFSIZE=
CATCACHE=
CBUFNO=
COMPRESS=
DATASTMTCHK=
DKRICOND= Controls the level of error detection for input data sets during processing of DROP=, KEEP=, and RENAME= data set options
DKROCOND= Controls the level of error detection for output data sets during the processing of DROP=, KEEP=, and RENAME= data set options and the corresponding DATA step statements
DLDMGACTION= Specifies what type of action to take when a SAS catalog or a SAS data set in a SAS data library is detected as damaged
ENGINE=
FIRSTOBS=
_LAST_=
MERGENOBY Controls whether a message is issued when MERGE processing occurs without an associated BY statement
OBS=
REPLACE
REUSE= Specifies whether or not SAS reuses space when observations are added to a compressed SAS data set
VALIDVARNAME=
Graphics: Driver settings
DEVICE=
GISMAPS=
GWINDOW Controls whether SAS displays SAS/GRAPH output in the GRAPH window of the windowing environment
MAPS=
Input control: Data processing
CARDIMAGE
INVALIDDATA=
PROC
S= Specifies the length of statements on each line of a source statement and the length of data on lines that follow a DATALINES statement
S2=
SEQ=
Controls whether SAS writes SAS statements to a utility data set in the WORK data library
Indicates whether to translate input to uppercase
Specifies a character to delimit page breaks in SAS output
Initializes the SAS print file
Overprints output lines
Controls whether SAS writes source statements to the SAS log
Writes secondary source statements from included files to the SAS log
Specifies the binding edge for the ODS printer destination
Specifies the size of the margin at the bottom of the page for the ODS printer destination
Specifies the collation of multiple copies for output for the ODS printer destination
Specifies color printing, if it is supported, for the ODS printer destination
Specifies the number of copies to make when printing to the ODS printer destination
Specifies duplexing controls for the ODS printer destination
Specifies the size of the margin on the left side of the page for the ODS printer destination
Specifies the paper orientation to use when printing to the ODS printer destination
Specifies a printer for SAS print jobs directed to the ODS printer destination
Controls whether BY lines are printed above each BY group
Controls alignment of SAS procedure output
Specifies the default output formatting characters
Determines whether SAS procedures can use labels with variables
Resets the page number
Specifies the number of lines to skip at the top of each page of SAS output
Specifies the location of the console log
Specifies whether hardware information is written to the SAS log
Controls the printing of page numbers
Prints the date and time that the SAS session was initialized
Specifies whether to include additional information when files are listed in a SAS data library
Specifies the line size of SAS procedure output
Specifies the character to print for missing numeric values
Specifies the number of lines that compose a page of SAS output
Controls whether autoexec code in an input file is echoed to the log
Controls the level of detail in messages that are written to the SAS log
Writes notes to the SAS log
Macro: SAS macro Determines whether the macro processor recognizes a command-style macro invocation
Controls whether SAS allows statement-style macro calls
Specifies whether the SAS macro language is available
Determines whether the macro autocall feature is available
Specifies whether MPRINT output is directed to an external file
Controls whether SAS traces execution of the macro language processor
Displays SAS statements that are generated by macro execution
Input control: Data processing
SPOOL
Input control: Data processing
CAPS
YEARCUTOFF= Specifies the first year of a 100-year span that will be used by date informats and functions to read a two-digit year
Log and procedure output control:
Procedure output
FORMDLIM=
PRINTINIT
Log and procedure output control: SAS
log
OVP
SOURCE
SOURCE2
Log and procedure output control: ODS
printing
BINDING=
BOTTOMMARGIN=
COLLATE
COLORPRINTING
COPIES=
DUPLEX
LEFTMARGIN=
ORIENTATION=
PRINTERPATH=
Log and procedure output control:
Procedure output
BYLINE
CENTER
FORMCHAR=
LABEL
PAGENO=
PROBSIG= Specifies the number of significant digits in p-values for some statistical procedures
SKIP=
Log and procedure output control: SAS
log
CONSOLELOG=
CPUID
Log and procedure output control: SAS log and procedure output
NUMBER
Log and procedure output control: SAS log and procedure
output
DATE
DETAILS
LINESIZE=
MISSING=
PAGESIZE=
Log and procedure output control: SAS
log
ECHOAUTO
MSGLEVEL=
NOTES
CMDMAC
IMPLMAC
MACRO
MAUTOSOURCE
MERROR Controls whether SAS issues a warning message when a macro-like name does not match a macro keyword
MFILE
MLOGIC
MPRINT
Macro: SAS macro
Determines whether the macro facility searches a specific catalog for a stored, compiled macro
Specifies the maximum amount of memory that is available to macro variable symbol tables
Specifies the maximum size for macro variables that are stored in memory
Specifies the libref of a SAS data library that contains a catalog of stored, compiled SAS macros
Controls whether the results of resolving macro variable references are written to the SAS log
Specifies the bin to receive printed output for the ODS printer destination
Specifies the paper size to use when printing to the ODS printer destination
Specifies the paper bin to use for printing to the ODS printer destination
Specifies the type of paper to use for printing to the ODS printer destination
Specifies the size of the margin at the top of the page for the ODS printer destination
Controls the printing of extended lists of messages to the SAS log
Controls the SORT procedure's application of the NODUP option to physical or logical records
Specifies which collating sequence the SORT procedure is to use
Specifies the amount of memory that is available to the SORT procedure
Controls whether site license information can be altered
Controls whether SAS language compiler optimization is in effect
MRECALL Controls whether SAS searches the autocall libraries for a file that was not found during an earlier search
MSTORED
MSYMTABMAX=
MVARSIZE=
SASMSTORE=
SERROR Controls whether SAS issues a warning message when a defined macro variable reference does not match a macro variable
SYMBOLGEN
SAS log and procedure output
control: ODS printing
PAPERDEST=
PAPERSIZE=
PAPERSOURCE=
PAPERTYPE=
RIGHTMARGIN= Specifies the size of the margin at the right side of the page for printed output directed to the ODS printer destination
TOPMARGIN=
SAS log and procedure output: SAS log
PRINTMSGLIST
Sort: Procedure options
SORTDUP=
SORTSEQ=
SORTSIZE=
System administration: Installation
SETINIT
System administration: Memory
SUMSIZE= Specifies a limit on the amount of memory that is available for data summarization procedures when class variables are active
System administration: Performance
CMPOPT