Sarroch RefineryEnvironmental and Safety Report 2009

Contents

9 The Saras Group11 TheSarrochsiteandSaras’subsidiaries12 Strategyandinvestment12 TheSarrochsite:refiningandelectricitygeneration13 Historyoftherefinery14 Sitelayout22 Thesiteandthelocalarea23 EMASandcommunicationwiththelocalcommunity24 Groupcompanies24 Akhela:apresenceontheITmarket 25 Sartec:environmentalresearchandinnovation26 Sardeolica:windenergygeneration27 ArcolaandSarasEnergia:thedistributionnetwork

31 The policies33 Environmentalmanagementpolicy34 Safetypolicy38 Qualitycertification

43 Production45 TheSarrochsite45 Theenergybalance46 Refining47 Environmentalqualityofproducts49 Electricitygeneration50 Groupcompanies50 Sardeolica51 Akhela

52 The environment55 TheSarrochsite55 Commitmenttocontinuousimprovement55 EMASregistration55 IntegratedPollutionPreventionandControl56 Data83 Groupcompanies83 Arcola86 SarasEnergia

90 Safety91 TheSarrochsite91 TheSarasSafetyProject91 Thesite’sSafetyReport92 Safetysystemsattherefinery93 Data98 Groupcompanies

102 Glossary

Key

FurtherinformationontheSarasGroupInformation/interestingfact

Foreword

WelcometotheSarasGroupEnvironmentalandSafetyReport2009.2009wasayearofparticularlycomplexchallenges,markedbythefatalaccidenton26Mayinvolvingthreeemployeesofasubcontractor,atragedythatshooktheSarasGroupandthelocalindustry,leavingadeepimpressionandopeningupnewavenuesforreflection.

Inparticular,thoseeventshaveledthecompanytoredoubleitscommitmentandattentiontosafety,strengtheningallthemeasuresimplementedovertheyears.

Inthisregard,asalreadymentionedintheESR2008,Sarasisco-operatingwithDuPont,theworldleaderinsafety,onamulti-yearproject,entitled“Safety is our energy”,intendedtopromotesafepracticesduringworkingactivities,withaviewtoprogressivelyreducingthenumberofaccidentsandemergencies.Thisprojectwasfurtherstrengthenedonthebackofexperiencesgainedinthefield,particularlyrelatingtoproceduresandworkingmethodsattheplant,bothbySarasanditssubcontractors.In2009theinitiativeprogressedthroughactivitiesandtoolssuchassafetytalks(coupledwithplantvisits),accidentanalyses,on-siteaudits,training,communicationandorganisation.Ourvisionsummariseswhatwewanttorepresentwhenitcomestosafety:“Wewantseeourselvesandbeseenasanindustrialgroupmadeupofpeoplewholiveandpromoteacultureofsafetythroughourdailyactions”.Itisthereforethrough co-operation between everyone at all levels that we will be able to achieve constant improvement, whilerecognisingthatthisisalongprocessrequiringahugeamountofdetermination.

Whilepursuingthepathofimprovementinitiatedinthelastfewyears,theGrouphasmadeasignificantinvestmentintheFocusprogramme,whichisintendedtofocusonmanagingcompanyprocessestoensureavailability,reliability,efficiencyandproductivityaremaximisedoverthelongterm.Startingfromtheresultsofotherprojectscompletedrecently,wewilldefinemoreefficientprocessesandorganisationalstructuresandfunctionalmodelsofconduct, inordertoguaranteeSaras’competitivenessandfuturesustainability.

The company’s performance was affected by the financial crisis and global economic recession that began in mid-2008 and had an impact on all industries. The economic slowdown was even more severe in 2009. As well as theFocusprogramme,ourresponsetothecrisiswastocontinuetoimplementourplanstoinvestinbothsafetyandtheenvironment,andmeasurestomaintainourcompetitiveadvantagebyimprovingplanttechnology,albeitwithinthecontextofwiderreplanning.

Whilethesituationremainscomplex,themarketisshowingtimidsignsofrecovery,whichiscauseforhopethat2010willbebetterthanthepreviousyear.Wearecertainthattheactionswehaveundertaken,partlyasaresponsetotheaccident,willgiveusgreaterunityandstrengthtomeetthenewchallengesandlookaheadwithconfidence.

DarioScaffardi GeneralManager,SarasSpA

TheSarasGroup

The

Sara

s G

roup

11 TheSarrochsiteandSaras’subsidiaries12 Strategyandinvestment12 TheSarrochsite:refiningandelectricitygeneration13 Historyoftherefinery14 Sitelayout14 Receiptofrawmaterialsandshippingofproductsthroughthemarineterminal16 Productionofoilproducts19 Sarlux:electricitygeneration21 Storageofrawmaterialsandproducts21 Shippingofproductsbyland22 Auxiliaryservices22 Offices,workshops,warehousesandotherservices22 Activitiesconductedbysubcontractors

22 Thesiteandthelocalarea23 EMASandcommunicationwiththelocalcommunity24 Groupcompanies24 Akhela:apresenceontheITmarket 25 Sartec:environmentalresearchandinnovation26 Sardeolica:windenergygeneration27 ArcolaandSarasEnergia:thedistributionnetwork

TheSarasGroup

11

TheSarasGroup

The Sarroch site and Saras’ subsidiaries

TheSarasGroup,established in1962byAngeloMoratti,operates inthe

energysector,andisoneoftheleadingoperatorsintheoilrefiningindustry

inItalyandEurope.Itoperatesinthefollowingareas:

• thesaleanddistributionofoilproductsonthenationalandinterna-

tionalmarkets,bothdirectlyandthroughitssubsidiariesSarasEnergia

SAinSpainandArcolaPetroliferaSpAinItaly;

• the generation and sale of electricity through Sarlux Srl and Parchi

EoliciUlassaiSrl

• theprovisionofITservicesthroughAkhelaandindustrial-engineering

servicesandscientificresearchfortheoil,petrochemical,energyand

environmentalsectorsthroughSartec.

Saras SpA, asubsidiaryofAngeloMorattiSapa,istheparentcompany,es-

tablishedin1962tocarryoutrefiningactivities.Today,itownstheSarroch

productionsite.IthasshareholdingsinanumberofsubsidiariesinItaly

andabroad,whicharebrieflydescribedbelow.

Arcolasellsoilproductsonthedomesticwholesalemarket,inSardinia,

NorthandCentralItaly.

Sarlux,awholly-ownedsubsidiaryofSaras,ownstheIGCCplantandman-

agescommercialactivitiesrelatingtotheenergygeneratedbytheIGCC,

whileSarasiswhollyresponsiblefortheplant’soperationalmanagement.

Saras Energia SAdistributesoilproductsontheSpanishretailandwhole-

salemarket.In2009itsbiodieselplantinCartagenabecameoperational,

andthecompanyacquired81servicestationsfromERGPetroleosSA.

Sardeolicamanages thewind farm located in themunicipalityofUlassai

(ProvinceofOgliastra).FollowingtheacquisitionbySarasofthestakeheld

byBabcock&BrownWindEnergyinthesubsidiaryParchiEoliciUlassaiSrl

(PEU),thiscompanywasfullyconsolidatedfrom30June2008.

Akhela isanITcompany.Itsofferstwomaintypesofservices: informa-

tiontechnologyandembeddedsystems.Within itsrangeof ITsolutions,

theissuesoflogicalsecurity,IToptimisationandbusinesscontinuityare

particularlyimportant,whileitsembeddedsystemsfindapplicationchiefly

intheautomotiveandmultimediafields.

Sartec(SarasRicercheeTecnologie)providesindustrialengineeringand

scientificresearchservicesnationallyandinternationally.Italsodesigns,

buildsandrollsoutmodularplantstomonitoremissions.

Saras has 1,278 employees. Its registered office is in

Sarroch, and it has an administrative office in Milan and

a sales office in Rome.

12

TheSarasGroup

Strategy and investment

2009wasaverydifficultyearfortheglobaleconomy.Thesharpdropinde-

mandforoilproductsledtoamarkedreductioninrefiningmargins.Never-

theless,Sarasintroducedsomesignificanttechnologicalimprovementstoits

plants,onthebackofahugecycleofinvestmentandplannedmaintenance.

In2009,theGroupinvestedapproximatelyEUR317million,inlinewithits

investmentplan.Thebulkofthisinvestment,EUR244.4million,wasallo-

catedtotherefiningsegment:

• EUR50millionwasinvestedinSaras’“Health,SafetyandEnvironment

(HSE)” programme, mainly dedicated to environmental-protection

measuresandimprovementsinenergyefficiencywithaconsequentre-

ductioninthefuelburnedandthereforeemissions

• the investmentsalsoconcernedthecompletionof theTGTUplant,a

tailgastreatmentandsulphurrecoveryunit,whichledtoasignificant

reductioninsulphuremissions

• investments in the electricity generation segment totalled EUR 12.4

million,mainlyrelatingtotheplannedmaintenancecarriedoutonthe

paralleltrainsofthe“Gasifier-CombinedCycleTurbine”

• investment in the marketing segment was EUR 56.6 million, of which

EUR40millionrelatedtotheacquisitionofSpanishservicestationsfrom

ERGPetrolesandwasdividedalmostequallybetweenthesecondand

thirdquartersof2009,withtheremainderbeinginvestedtocompletethe

biodieselproductionplant.

Asregardsfutureinvestments,thecompanyhasreviseditsplansinlight

of thecurrenteconomic recession,butwill,however, remain focusedon

increasingoperatingefficiency,improvingenergyrecoveryandintroducing

initiativestocutbothfixedandvariablecosts.

Asaresultoftherecession,allthemainprojectsconcerning“conversion

capacitygrowth”from2010onwardshavebeenputbackbyapproximately

12-18months,inordertokeepdebtundercontrol.Intheshortterm,the

assetmanagementprogrammewill formpartof thecompany’sefforts to

improveenergyefficiencyandenergyrecovery.Thisrecently-launchedpro-

grammeisintendedtoincrease:

• asset integrity, which concerns maintenance strategies, both routine

andforshutdowns

• assetefficiency,whichisintendedtoaddressconsumptionandlosses

• asset effectiveness, aimed at improving productivity, reducing plant

shutdownstoaminimum.

The Sarroch site: refining and electricity generation

SarasconductsitsrefiningactivityatitsplantinSarroch(Cagliari),onthe

southerncoastofSardinia.ThisisthelargestrefineryintheMediterranean

regionintermsofproductioncapacityandthemostcomplexinWestern

Europe.TherefiningcycleisintegratedwiththeIGCCplant,whichgener-

ateselectricity.

13

TheSarasGroup

Refiningcapacitytotalsapproximately15milliontonsperyear(Table1),

andrepresentsaround15%ofItaly’scapacity,whilethesite’scatalyticcon-

version capacity is 9.6 million tons per year and its thermal conversion

capacityis2.4milliontons.TheSarluxIGCCelectricitygenerationplant

hasaninstalledcapacityof575megawattsandanannualproductioninex-

cessof4billionKWh,soldentirelytonationalgridoperatorGSE(Gestore

ServiziElettrici).

Figure 1 –SynergiesbetweentheSarasplantandtheneighbouringchemicalcom-

panies

Table 1 –Rawmaterialsprocessed(thousandtons/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

14,515 14,593 15,517 13,305

The Sarroch industrial hub

Theproductionhub thatbuiltuparoundSarroch in the1960shashelpedgenerateemploymentandwealthintheregion.Over theyears,numeroussmallandmedium-sizedcompanieshavesprunguparound the large industrialcompaniespresentin the region – such as Saras, Polimeri Europa, Sasol Italy,Air Liquide, Liquigas and Eni RM. These companies build andmaintaintheplantsofthelargerfirms,andthereforerepresentasignificantsatelliteindustry.Sarasmaintainsmutuallybeneficialindustrialrelationswithalltheseproductioncompanies.ThesitesharedbyPolimeriEuropaandSasolItalywasbuilt intheearly1970s,underthenameSarasChimica(inwhichSarasalsohadastake).Thenamethenwentthroughvariouschangesover the years, until it took on the current namesof PolimeriEuropaandSasolItaly.ThePolimeriEuropaplantsreceivetherawmaterialsfromSarasandusethemforproductiondestinedfortheplasticsindustry,whilethoseofSasolItalyproducedetergentsandthebasesforsynthetic lubricants, again from raw materials received fromSaras(mainlydieselandkerosene).AirLiquideproduces liquidoxygen,which isused intheSarasplants(IGCCplant).Finally,theLiquigassitestoresandsellstheLPGfromSaras.

ItslargeprocessingcapacityandstructuralcomplexitymaketheSarroch

siteafocalpointofproductionactivityintheMediterraneanregion,capa-

bleofhandlingbothseparationandconversionoperations,andofadapting

thedifferentstagesoftheproductioncyclebasedonthecharacteristicsof

thecrudeoiltobeprocessed,toobtainoilproductsofhighcommercialand

environmentalquality.

The excellent geographical location of the Sarroch production site has

provedstrategicfortradewithcentralandwesternMediterraneancoun-

tries,bothinEuropeandNorthAfrica,whileitsproximitytotheplantsof

PolimeriEuropa,AirLiquideandSasolItalyenableitsrefineryoperations

tobeintegratedwithpetrochemicalproduction(Figure1).

History of the refinery Saras’connectionwithSarrochdatesbackto1962,whenAngeloMoratti

identifieditasastrategiclocationforanoilrefinery.Constructionofthe

refineryfacilitiesbeganin1963,andrefiningactivitybeganin1965.Until

theendofthe1980s,Sarasmainlyprovidedrefiningservicesforthirdpar-

ties(i.e.itrefinedcrudeoilownedbyotheroilcompaniesthatprovided

HydrogenKerosene/Petrochemical diesel

Virgin naphthaPropylene

Fuel gas/Fuel oil

SARASFACILITY

SARAS CENTREOF

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

OxygenHydrogen

Liquiefied petroleum gasReformed petrol (low benzene)

Deparaffinated diesel

Steam

14

IlGruppoSaras

Saraswiththerawmaterialstoproduceoilproducts).Inthemid-1990s,

followingasignificantdownturnindemandforhigh-sulphurfueloil,Saras

launchedamajorindustrialprojecttobuildaplantforthegasificationof

heavydistillatesfromtherefiningprocessandthesubsequentcombined-

cycle cogeneration of electricity and thermal power (IGCC plant). With

theIGCCplantonstream,theoilproductioncyclewascloselyintegrated

withtheelectricitygenerationcycle,therebymaximisingtheconversionof

rawmaterialsintofinishedoilproductsandenergy.Meanwhile,thecom-

panycontinuedtoinvestinupdatingthetechnologyofitsexistingplants

and improving the environmental impact of fuels, partly to comply with

increasingly stringentquality standardsdefinedbyEuropean law.These

investmentshaveledtoaprogressivereductioninthepercentageofsul-

phurintheoilproductsandtoanimprovementinthequalityofmiddle

distillatesandgasoline.

Site layout TheactivitiesconductedattheSarrochsitecanbebrokendownintothe

followingfunctions:

• receiptofrawmaterialsandshippingofproductsthroughthemarine

terminal

• productionofoilproducts

• electricitygenerationintheIGCC

• storageofrawmaterials,liquidproductsandliquefiedgas

• shippingofproductsbyland

• auxiliary services(powergeneration in the thermoelectricplant, in-

comingwatertreatment,wastewatertreatment)

• offices,workshopsandwarehouses

• activitiesofsubcontractors.

Figure2onpage15showstheareasusedforthedifferenttypesofactivity

performedwithinthefacility,summarisedbelow.

Receipt of raw materials and shipping of products through the marine terminalThemarineterminallinkedtotherefineryhasa1,600-longwharfandfixed

platformsconnectedtoitbya1,200mpiling.

Allrawmaterialsaredeliveredhere,andthebulkoftheoilproductsare

shippedfromhere.In2007-2009,80%ofoilproductswereshippedbysea.

The terminal has 11 independent docking berths, nine of which are for

shippingfinishedoilproductsand thereceiptof semi-finishedproducts,

dockingoiltankersofupto65,000tons,whiletheremainingtwoarefor

thereceiptofrawmaterials,dockingoiltankersofupto300,000tons.Ad-

vancedmonitoringsystemsensurethatallreceiptandshippingoperations

takeplaceunderconditionsoftheutmostsafety:thephasesrelatingtothe

dockingandmooringofshipsandtheconnectionbetweentheshipandthe

loadingarmstransferringrawmaterialstotheshoreandfinishedproducts

totheshiparecarriedoutundercontinuoussurveillance.Inordertobe

admitted to the Saras marine terminal, all incoming ships must comply

15

Uffici, officine e magazzini

Stoccaggio gas liquefatti (sfere e sigari GPL)

Produzione energia elettrica (IGCC)

Stoccaggio materie prime e prodotti (parco serbatoi)

Area Ditte in appalto

Stoccaggio prodotti liquidi (Deposito Nazionale)

Spedizioni prodotti via terra

Produzione prodotti petroliferi

Servizi Ausiliari

Ricezione materie primee spedizione prodotti via mare

TERMINALE MARINO

TERMINALE MARINO

1 cm: 100 m

1 cm: 250 m

Figure 2 –GeneralplanoftheSarassite

Offices, workshops, warehouses

Storage of liquefied gases (LPG spheres & cigars)

Electricity production (IGCC)

Storage of raw materials and products (tank farm)

Area for use by contracted firms

Storage of liquid products (National Depot)

Shipping of products over land

Production of oil products

Auxiliary Services

Reception of raw materials and shipment of products via sea

MARINE TERMINAL

MARINE TERMINAL

1 cm: 100 m

1 cm: 250 m

Offices, workshops, warehouses

Storage of liquefied gases (LPG spheres & cigars)

Electricity production (IGCC)

Storage of raw materials and products (tank farm)

Area for use by contracted firms

Storage of liquid products (National Depot)

Shipping of products over land

Production of oil products

Auxiliary Services

Reception of raw materials and shipment of products via sea

MARINE TERMINAL

MARINE TERMINAL

1 cm: 100 m

1 cm: 250 m

16

TheSarasGroup

withrigoroussafetystandardsthatconformtointernationally-recognised

criteriaaswellasadditionalrequirementslaiddownbySaras.Adedicated

controlroom,whichwascompletelyrenovatedandupdatedwiththelatest

monitoringtechnologyin2008,ismannedandoperational24hoursaday,

andisincontinuousradiocontactwiththeshipsoperatingintheterminal,

ensuringthatalloperationsfullycomplywithallsafetyandenvironmental

protectionrequirements.

Production of oil productsTheproductionprocessis illustratedinthesimplifieddiagramshownin

Figure3,andinvolvesthefollowingunits:

• atmospheric distillation plants (topping) and vacuum distillation

plantsforrawmaterials,whichproducetheprimaryfractions

• conversionplants(visbreaking,mildhydrocracking1and2,fluidcata-

lytic cracking – FCC), where heavy hydrocarbons and distillates are

converted into medium-light fractions; heavy hydrocarbons are sent

fromthevisbreakingplanttotheIGCCplant

• catalyticreforming(CCR)plant,wherelightdistillates(naphtha)are

convertedintohigh-octanecomponents;hydrogen,whichisusedinthe

desulphurisationtreatment,isproducedatthesametime

• plantsthatimprovethequality(alkalisation)andperformance(TAME,

Tertiary-Amyl-Methyl-Etherplant)ofgasoline

• desulphurisationplants,wheremiddledistillates(keroseneanddie-

sel)aresubjectedtocatalytichydrogenationprocessestoremovesul-

phurandimproveproductquality

• plantstorecoverandconvertsulphurintoasolidforsubsequentsale

• non-condensable fuelgastreatmentplant fortheremovalofsulphur

compoundsandsubsequentinternalre-useofgas.

17

TheSarasGroup

Atm

osph

eric

dis

tilla

tion

Propane

ButaneAlkylation

Hydrodesulphurisation

Hydrodesulphurisation

Isopentane

Virgin naphtha

Heavy naphthaReformer (CCR)

LPG

Petrol

Virgin naphtha

Atmospheric residue

F.C.C. diesel

Fuel oilDiesel from visbreaking Fuel oil

Heavy hydrocarbons

Electricity

Kerosene

Diesel

Fuel gasGas treatment

M.H.C. 1

M.H.C. 2Vacuum

Visbreaker

IGCC plant

F.C.C. TAME

Raw

mat

eria

ls

Fuel gas (internal use)

Sulphur

Diesel

Hydrodesulphurisation

Sulphur recovery

Kerosene

Figure 3 –ProductioncycleoftheSarasplant:oilproductionandelectricitygeneration

Chart 1 –Refineryproductsandconsumption

49.3%

25.1%

8.1%

6.2%9.5% 1.8%

51%

26%

7%

7%7% 2%

Middle distillates (51%)

Naphtha and petrol (26%)

TAR for gasification (7%)

Consumption and losses (7%)

Fuel oil and other (7%)

LPG (2%)

18

TheSarasGroup

Chart 2 –Totalshipping,2009

52%

24%

24%

Rest of the world (52%)

Sardinia (23%)

Rest of Italy (25%)

Table 3 –RawmaterialsprocessedbytheSarrochrefinery:originofcrudeoils(%)

Table 2 –Oilproducts(tons/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

LPG 341,000 323,000 359,000 242,000

Gasoline 2,945,000 3,110,000 3,184,000 2,532,000

Virginnaphtha 936,000 916,000 862,000 799,000

Kerosene 388,000 467,000 544,000 358,000

Diesel 6,713,000 6,813,000 7,498,000 6,205,000

Fueloil 1,033,000 788,000 896,000 1,155,000

Sulphur* 111,000 112,000 110,000 110,000

HeavyhydrocarbonstoIGCC 1,217,391 1,190,195 1,179,194 1,076,783

*IncludessulphurrecoveredbothfromrefiningandtheIGCC

2006 2007 2008 2009

Africa 61 55 48 44

MiddleEast 13 11 9 12

FormerSovietUnion 6 15 26 29

Europe 20 18 16 15

North America 1 1 0

Total 100 100 100 100

Inadditiontotheseplants,someunitswerecompletedin2008,andcame

fullyonstreamin2009:

• theTGTUunit,whichincreasesthesulphurrecoveryyield,andconse-

quentlyreducesSO2emissions

• theU800unit,whichproduceslow-sulphurgasoline

• theU600unit,whichproduceshydrogenusedinthedesulphurisation

ofmotordiesel,resultinginaverylowsulphurcontent.

19

TheSarasGroup

TheSarrochplanthasahighoutputofmediumoilproducts(diesel)and

lightoilproducts(LPG,naphthaandgasoline),whichin2009accounted

foraround80%oftotalproduction,assummarisedinChart1andshownin

detailinTable2,whichsetsoutproductiondatarelatingto2006–2009.

RawmaterialsmainlycomefromtheMediterraneanarea(NorthAfricaand

theMiddleEast),theformerSovietUnionandNorthEurope(Table3).The

primary,butnotsole,destinationofrefineryproductsisthecentralandwest-

ernMediterraneanregion.

Specifically,in2009,almostaquarteroftotalproductionofoilproductswas

absorbedbythelocalSardinianmarket(Chart2).

Sarlux: electricity generationTheIGCC(IntegratedGasificationCombinedCycle)plantgenerateselec-

tricity, hydrogenand steam from theheavyhydrocarbons resulting from

therefiningprocess.Takenasawhole,itisrecognisedasoneofthebest

techniquesavailablefortherefiningsector.

AsshowninFigure4,theplantisdividedintotwomainsections:

• gasification

• combinedcycle.

Inthegasificationsection,oxygensuppliedbytheAirLiquideplantisused

toconvertheavyhydrocarbonsfromthevisbreakingplantintoasynthesis

gas(shortenedto“syngas”),which,oncepurifiedofthesulphurandmetals

itcontains,isburnedinthecombinedcyclesection..

Figure 4 –FlowchartoftheIGCCplant

Sarlux has 11 employees. Its registered office is in

Sarroch and its administrative office in Milan.

Gasification

IGCC PLANT

Combined Cycle

Oxygen

SyngasHeavy hydrocarbons

Recovery of vanadiumfor industrial use

National distributiongrid

Refinery

Refinery

Air Liquide

External industrialuse

Sulphur

Filter cake

Electricity

Steam

Hydrogen

20

TheSarasGroup

Table 4 –IGCCproducts

2006 2007 2008 2009

Electricity(MWh) 4,473,703 4,432,135 4,322,134 4,066,306

Low-pressuresteam(tons/year) 608,042 556,828 545,148 433,649

Medium-pressuresteam(tons/year) 677,703 568,650 667,762 570,546

Hydrogen(kNm3) 360,220 307,083 322,226 359,108

Sulphur*(tons/year) 48,184 42,589 49,753 48,406

Vanadiumconcentrate(tons/year) 1,250 1,700 1,199 1,633

Aswiththesulphurrecoveredfromtherefiningcycle,thesulphurrecov-

eredthroughtheremovalofsulphuricacidfromthesyngasisalsodestined

forsale(figuresshowninTable4).

Themetalsremovedfromthesyngasareusedtoformametallicpanelcalled

“vanadiumconcentrate”or “filtercake”, sent toexternalplants torecover

themetals.TheIGCCplantthereforeenablestheSarassitetomaximisethe

conversionofrawmaterialsintovalue-addedproducts.

Thethree-lineconFiguretionoftheIGCCplantensurescontinuityinelec-

tricity generation and the production of hydrogen and steam for internal

useonthesite.Thefiguresrecordedtodateconfirmtheeffectivenessof

the plant processes and technology. The plant is extremely reliable (an

average of over 90%).The IGCCplantoffersparticularly significantenvi-

ronmentalandtechnologicaladvantages,relatingtotheadoptionofthebest

available technologies, which have delivered one of the highest efficiency

ratings among the various production processes available (over 50%, see

Table5)andresultinextremelylowemissions,withaperformancesupe-

riortoENEL’snationalaveragebenchmarkfigure.Conl’entratainfunzione

dell’impiantodigasificazione,nellaraffineriadiSarrochsièottenutoun

miglioramentodelleemissioniprodottedalcomplesso“raffineria+IGCC”

rispettoallasituazioneantecedente.

Table 5 –Comparisonofpowerplantefficiency

Plant Overall efficiency (gross)

Naturalgascombinedcycle 56÷57%

Naturalgasconventionalcycle(turbogas) 30÷35%

Fueloilconventionalcycle 35÷38%

IGCCSarlux 51%

The filter cake

This isthesolidformedfromthegasificationofheavyrefineryproducts. Itcontainshighpercentagesofmetalssuchasiron,carbon,vanadiumandnickel.It is stored in the refinery’s temporary storage area, or in anareaspecificallyauthorisedforthispurposebeforeitisshippedexternallytoplantslocatedinGermany,whichrecoverthemet-alscontained therein. Inorder toship thissolid, thecompanyappliesforapermitforthecross-bordershipmentofwasteeachyear,inaccordancewithECRegulation1013/2006.

*Including877tons/yearthatdonotmeetthespecification,whicharethereforesentfordisposalratherthan

AreductioninemissionsproducedbytheSarrochsiteasawhole(refinery

+IGCC)wasachievedfollowingthestart-upofoperationsatthegasifica-

tionplant.

Thisresultisalsoduetoaseriesofimprovementsmadetotherefinery’s

equipment,especiallyasregardssulphuroxideemissions;furthermore,re-

ducedfueloilproductionhasledtoafallinthenumberofshipscrossing

theBayofSarroch.

21

TheSarasGroup

Fromatechnologicalviewpoint,themainadvantageofIGCCplantsisthe

integrationoftheoilcyclewiththeelectricitycycle:theoverallprocessing

cycleconstitutesacompletecycleduringwhichall incomingmaterial is

convertedintoafinishedproductorenergy.

NotethattheSarluxplant’swaterrequirements–whichareparticularly

high for large power plants – are met entirely from sea water, which is

desalinatedandthendemineralisedinspecificSarluxandSarasplants;it

thereforedoesnotaffectSardinia’swatersupplies.Thiswateristhenre-

turnedtothesea,infullcompliancewithallenvironmentalqualitycriteria

establishedbylaw..

Storage of raw materials and productsThestoragefacilitiesonthesitebreakdownasfollows:

• storageofrawmaterialsandproductsinthetankfarm

• storageofproductsforwhichexcisedutieshavebeenpaidinthena-

tionalstoragefacility, locatedoutsidethebondedarea,furtheralong

theS.S.195

• storageofliquefiedgasesinspecialpressurisedcontainers(“spheres”

and“bullets”).

Intotal,thereare161tankswithanoverallcapacityofaround3.5million

cubicmetres.Alltanksarefittedwithpermanentfire-preventionsystems

and containment basins of reinforced concrete with cement floors (39

tanks),orearthworks(122tanks).

Thefire-preventionsystemintheLPGstorageareasiscontrolledbyade-

vice that, depending on various factors (including wind direction) acti-

vatessystemstopreventfiresandcontainanyproductleaks.Inaddition,

topreventaccidents, theLPGtanksareequippedwith instrumentsthat

monitorandprotectagainstunexpectedpressuresurges.

Rawmaterialsandproductsaremovedwithinthesitebetweenplantsand

storageandshippingareasusingthefollowingsystemsandequipment:

• pumpinglinesandsystems,includingpipelinesconnectingtothena-

tionalstoragefacilityandthemarineterminal

• systemsforthemeasurementandadditivationofproductsbeforeship-

ping

• land-loadingsystems(loadingbays)

• sea-loadingsystems(marineterminalequipment).

Shipping of products by landProducts are shipped by land using special loading gantries for tanker

trucks:

• agantrywiththreeloadingpointsforLPGand12loadingbaysforliq-

uidproducts(kerosene,dieselandfueloil),locatednearthefacility’s

mannedentrance

• tenloadingbaysforgasolineanddiesel,locatedinthenationalstorage

facility.

TheSarassiteisconnectedviaoilandgaspipelinestothenationalstor-

agefacilityandtheLiquigasstoragefacility,andviaanoilpipelinetothe

22

TheSarasGroup

neighbouringpetrochemicalplant,forthecommercialexchangeofsemi-

finishedproductsandservices(Figure1,page13).

Auxiliary servicesThesiteisequippedwiththefollowingunits,whichprovideservicesneces-

saryfortheproductioncycle:

• thermoelectricpowerplantfortherefiningcycle,whichproducespart

oftheelectricityandsteamnecessaryfortheprocesses

• aircompressionsystem,comprisingfourcompressorsandtwodistribu-

tionnetworks,oneforinstrumentsandoneforservices

• treatmentunitforwatercomingintothesite,takenfromtheindustrial

watersupply

• treatmentplant forwastewatergeneratedbysiteactivities(process-

waterpurificationplant).

Internalinfrastructureenablesthedistributionofservices,suchaswater,

steam,electricity,fuelandnitrogen,andthecollectionofwastewatertobe

senttothetreatmentplantbeforeitisdischargedintothesea.

Offices, workshops, warehouses and other servicesTheofficebuildingsarelocatednexttotheproductionarea;oppositethese

are the mechanical workshop, the electrical workshop and part of the

warehousespace,whereauxiliarysubstancesandconsumablesarestored,

beforebeingsenttotheareasinwhichtheywillbeused.

Otherareasdesignatedformaterialsstorage(pipeyard)arelocatedinthe

centreofthetankfarmandatthenationalstoragefacility.Othergeneral

services,suchasthecanteenandthemedicalcentre,arealsolocatedin

theofficesarea.

Activities conducted by subcontractorsSubcontractors operating continuously within the Saras site (mainte-

nance,construction,mechanicalandinstrumentchecks,etc.)havealo-

gisticsbaseindedicatedareasonthesite,whichenablesthemtoperform

theirworktothehighestpossiblestandardandreducestheneedtoleavethe

site.Specifically,twoexternalcompaniesworkpermanentlyonthesitein

wastemanagement:onetomanagethewasteinertisationplantandoneto

manageanareainwhichmainlyferrousandelectricalmaterialsaresorted

andrecovered.

The site and the local areaTheareamostaffectedbyrefineryoperationsfromasocio-economicstand-

pointcoversfourmunicipalities:Sarroch,VillaSanPietro,PulaandCapo-

terra,whichformafairlyhomogeneousareasouth-westofCagliari.

Theregionhastwomainareasofeconomicactivity:oneconnectedtothe

energyandpetrochemicalhubaroundSarrochandtheMacchiaredduin-

dustrialarea,andonerelatingtotheregion’snaturalresources,asexem-

plifiedbyagriculture,livestockfarmingandtourism,especiallyinthePula

area.

23

TheSarasGroup

Saras’ predominant position in terms of size and production capacity

meansthattherefinery’slocationintheareahasasignificantimpacton

employment;sinceitbeganitsoperations,thecompanyhasincreasedits

workforcefrom100to1,278,splitbetweentheSarrochsite,whichemploys

themajority(over90%),anditstwoofficesinRomeandMilan.Italsosup-

portsasatelliteindustrythatemploysaround7,000people,andnotsimply

through its refining activity. The refinery’s production units are a major

developmentdrivernotonlyforagroupofcompaniesandaparticularclass

of industrialbusiness,butalso for theadvancedservicesector,which is

able toplay itspart in sophisticatedproductionand technologicalproc-

esses.Itshouldnotbeforgottenthatthecompanyfulfilsanimportantrole

asasupplieroffueltoalmostallregionalindustries,andthatitactively

co-operateswiththeneighbouringchemicalcompaniesinthecommercial

exchangeofmanyoftherawmaterialsrequiredforproduction.

EMAS and communication with the local communityOn20October2008,SarasachievedEMASregistration,representinganew

startingpointwithinthedrivetowardscontinuousimprovementthatledto

ISO14001certificationoftheEnvironmentalManagementSystemasearly

as2004.EMASencouragesustoadoptevergreatervoluntaryenvironmen-

tal-protection measures with the direct involvement of the public in its

capacityastherealbeneficiaryoftheinitiative.

EMASiscurrentlythemostadvancedtoolavailabletodemonstrateacom-

pany’scommitment toenvironmental sustainability: this isaprogressive

initiative,towhichemployeesofthecompanyandthoseofsubcontractors,

andespeciallyallexternalpartnersintheregion,areencouragedtomake

anactivecontribution.

In2009,Sarasorganisedvariousinitiatives,suchasmeetingswiththerep-

resentativesoftheMunicipalityofSarrochandtheSarrochEnvironmental

Commission. The purpose of the meetings was to discuss the sharing of

informationandcommunicationonmattersofcommoninterest,suchas

environmentalprotection,safetyanddevelopmentoftheregion,aswellas

announcingtheobjectivestoimprovethemonitoringofemissionsthrough

thedistributionofthe2009EnvironmentalDeclaration.

TocontinuethedialogueandthesharingofideasbetweenSarasandthe

localcommunity,Sarasestablishedaplanforcommunicationthroughthe

media and specialist publications on the main issues relating to the re-

gion’ssustainabledevelopment.

In2009,SarascelebratedtheeleventhyearoftheSchoolProject,atradi-

tionthatformspartofthecompany’swiderchoicetoembracetranspar-

encyinitsrelationswiththeoutsideworld.Thisisaninitiativethataccom-

paniestheactivitiesofaround300childrenfromnearbyprimaryschools

throughout the school year, raising awareness of the responsible use of

naturalresourcesandtheimportanceofsavingenergy,startingwiththe

calculationoftheirownschool’secologicalfootprint.Thisisawidelyused

andacceptedsustainabilityindicatorthatmeasuresthenaturalresources

weusetosustainourlifestyle.

PartoftheprojectconsistsofatriptotheSarrochrefineryandtheUlas-

24

TheSarasGroup

saiwindfarm,whichrepresentsanotherimportantopportunitytointeract

withtheregion,especiallywithinthecontextof transparencyandopen-

ness towards our external stakeholders. The School Project has its own

dedicatedwebsite,www.sarasperlascuola.it,whichisausefultoolforcom-

municatingwithpupilsandallthosewishingtolearnmoreaboutoneofthe

mostimportantindustrialcompaniesinSardinia.

Group companies

Akhela: a presence on the IT marketAkhelawascreatedin2004fromthemergeroftheITandelectronicscom-

paniesoftheSarasGroup,fromwhichitinheritedvastexperienceinits

fieldofactivity.

Akhela’sservicesbreakdown into twoareas: thedevelopmentandman-

agementofITservicesandembeddedsystems.IntheITmarket,Akhela

focusesonservicesandsolutionsforlogicalandphysicalsecurity,theop-

timisationandconsolidationofITservices,ITarchitecturemanagement

andsoftwaredevelopment.Withinthisarea,oneofthecompany’smainac-

tivitieshasbeentheremotemanagementofITinfrastructureattheSaras

refinery.

Inthedesignanddevelopmentofembeddedsystems,Akhelahasgained

significantknowledgeofreal-timeandLinuxembeddedoperatingsystems,

whichhasenabledittoacquireimportantcontractsintheautomotiveand

multimediaapplicationssectors.

Akhelaisacompanyestablishingitselfonthemarketandgrowingrapidly.

IntheannualrankingofthemainsoftwareandserviceprovidersinItaly

compiledbyComputerworldmagazine,Akhelawasin87thpositionin2009,

climbingsevenpositionscomparedwiththepreviousyear.

Thecompany’scustomersaremainlylargeandmedium-sizedcompanies

operating in industry/manufacturing, finance, telecommunications, en-

ergy/utilitiesandITservices.

In2009,Akhelabought51%ofArtemideTecnologieInformaticheSrl.Ar-

temideisaRome-basedICTservicesandsoftwaredevelopmentcompany

foundedin2006,andhasaround50employees.Thisacquisitionenables

Akhelatostrengthenitsnationalpresencebyexpandingitsorganisational

structure in Rome, generating both portfolio and commercial synergies.

Akhelacurrentlyhas fourbases: to itsoriginalofficesofCagliari(regis-

teredofficeandoperationalsite)andMilan(sales),itaddedRomein2005

andTurinin2008,whichmanagecustomersintheirrespectiveregions.

Akhela’sproceduresandinfrastructurearedesignedtoensurethemaxi-

mumcontinuityofserviceandtheutmostconfidentialityregardinginfor-

mation and activities conducted on its customers’ behalf. The company

operatesinaccordancewithbenchmarkstandardsonquality,isISO9001

certified and has attained Level 2 of the CMMI® for Development. Ap-

proximately220staffworkforAkhela.Becauseitrecognisesthestrategic

importanceofitshumancapital,Akhelainvestssystematicallyinprofes-

sionalandtechnologicaltraining.

Finally,Akhela’ssearchforinnovationishighlightedbyitspartnershipwith

With 229 employees, Akhela has four bases in Italy:

Cagliari (registered office and operational site), Milan

(head office and marketing), Rome and Turin.

1-embeddedsystem:anencapsulated,dedicatedcomputersystem.

25

TheSarasGroup

universities,throughparticipationinresearchprojectsandthecreationof

apprenticeshipsandinternships,andthesearchforselectedinternational

partners,whoseemergingtechnologiescompleteandaddfurthervalueto

Akhela’sproductrange.

Sartec: environmental research and innovationSartecistheenvironmentalandindustrialtechnologyandresearchcom-

panyof theSarasGroup.Itsenvironmentalconsultancyandmonitoring,

design, and production-process and industrial-automation optimisation

services are aimed at supporting innovation and sustainable industrial

development. As well as delivering these services through the technical

expertise of its specialists, they are strengthened by a special focus on

Sartec’sindispensablevalues,whichaddvalueforitscustomers:environ-

mentalsustainability,innovationandquality.

Inordertoofferthebesttechnologicalsolutions,Sartecusesthemostad-

vanced technologies available on the market, and applies the results of

studies fromaround theworldorconductedon itsbehalfby itsownre-

searchanddevelopmentunitequippedwithacutting-edgechemicallabo-

ratory

Sartecoffersthefollowingservices:

• Environmental protection services: systems monitoring air, water and

emissions quality, environmental consultancy and engineering, and

water, air and emissions analysis services through its leading analysis

laboratory.Specificallyinrelationtoenvironmentalmonitoring,Sartec

isabletoofferbothindividualanalysisinstrumentsandentireturn-key

measurementnetworksystems,managingthewholeprocessfromdesign

toafter-salestechnicalassistance;inconsultancyservices,thecompany

provides support for risk analysis, contaminated site characterisation,

theplanningofmeasuresforthesafetyandreclamationofcontaminated

sites, and themonitoringof fugitiveemissions, aswell as forenviron-

mentalimpactstudies(EIS)priortoenvironmentalimpactassessments

(EIA),and thepreparationofapplications for the integratedenviron-

mentalauthorisation(AIA)permit.

• Industrialefficiencyandenergysavingservices:theseservicesrange

fromthebuildingofpackageplantsforindustry(includingblowdown

gasrecoverysystems,filtrationsystemsandchemicaladditivationsys-

tems)toadvancedprocesscontrolsandprocessanalysissystems(from

their design and start-up to the periodic overhaul and revamping of

the instrumentation). This type of service also includes engineering

services(forexample,feasibilitystudiesandcost/benefitsanalysis,ba-

sicprocess,pipingandlayout,civil,mechanical,electricalandinstru-

mentationandautomationengineering),consultancyinthefieldofoil

refining, testsoncatalystsandalarmrationalisation,developmentof

trainingsystemsforoperatorsoftheOTS(OperatorTrainingSimula-

tor)plant,integratedservicesfortheimplementationandsubsequent

managementofmeasurestoimproveenergyefficiency.In2009,Sartec

gainedaccreditationfromtheItalianRegulatoryAuthorityforElectric-

With 159 employees, Sartec has two locations in Italy:

Cagliari, in the industrial zone of Macchiareddu (registered

office, facilities and laboratories) and Milan (sales office).

SARAS RICERCHE E TECNOLOGIE

26

TheSarasGroup

ityandGas(AEEG)asanESCO(EnergyServiceCompany)inorderto

offerenergyconsultancyservicesaimedatobtainingenergyefficiency

credits(TEE),whichcanbetradedprivatelywithobligedpartiesand/

orontheexchangeorganisedbyItaly’senergymarketoperator(GME).

Sartecappliesinnovationasitsguidingprincipleineveryproject;thishas

enabledthecompanytodeveloporiginalsolutionsthathaveeffectivelyre-

solvedcustomers’problems.Thecompanyconductsappliedresearchand

developsnewproductsandtechnologies,foritselfandthirdparties,inthe

environmentalsectorandfortheoptimisationof industrialprocesses.It

hasworkedonnumerousresearchprojects,somefundedbytheEuropean

Union,theMinistryforEducation,UniversitiesandResearchandtheRe-

gionofSardinia, inpartnershipwith theuniversity, the ItalianNational

ResearchCouncilandotherresearchcentresandinnovativecompanies.

Sartec’s innovative environmental projects include the project to moni-

torfugitiveemissionsofvolatileorganiccompoundscomingfromleaksof

processcomponentsfromindustrialplants.

Thecompanyappliesanewapproachcalled“SmartLDAR”,whichdetects

leaksofvolatileorganiccompoundsthroughavisualsurveyofproduction

plantprocesscomponentswithacameraandtheevaluationofleaksusing

aPIDoranFID.

Sardeolica: wind energy generationSardeolica’sactivitiesare fully in linewiththecorporatestrategyof the

SarasGroup,whichhasdesignatedenvironmentalprotectionasoneofits

toppriorities.Asproofofthis,inJuly2009Sardeolicaupdateditsenviron-

mentalcertificationinaccordancewiththeISO14001:2004international

standard,whichithasheldsince2006.

TheUlassaifacility,thefirstwindfarmbuiltbySardeolica,isoneofthelarg-

estinSardinia.Atfullcapacity,thewindfarmwillproduceapproximately65

GWh/year,meetingtheneedsofapproximately55,000households.In2010,

theplantistoundergoarepowering,whichwillincreasecapacityfrom72to

96MW.Thewindfarmisconnectedtothenationalelectricitygridthrough

anelectricitysubstation.Powerissoldtothegridoperator,GSE,whilethe

plantwillalsoreceivegreencertificatesfor15yearsafteritsinitialstart-up.

TheUlassaiwindfarmhasobtainedIAFR(plantfedbyrenewables)certifi-

cationfromthenationalgridoperator.

Intermsofitsimpactontheregion,Sardeolicahas26employees,mainly

young graduates and diploma-holders from Ulassai and the surrounding

area, chiefly employed in technical and operational management, plant

operationandmaintenance,themonitoringoffloraandfauna,activities

related to the company management system and in administrative, pur-

chasingandcontractingactivities.

This isaparticularly significant since the initiativehascreatedawork-

inggroupwithadvancedtechnicalexpertisegearedtowardsindustryina

predominately agro-pastoral region, affected by high unemployment and

migration.

Furthermore,ithasalsohadapositiveeconomiceffectintermsofthein-

Sardeolica has 26 employees, and its registered office

is in the industrial zone of Macchiareddu (Cagliari). The

Ulassai wind farm is situated near Corte Porcus and

Fenarbu, in the province of Ogliastra.

The background to the creation of Sardeolica: the Kyoto Protocol

ThepoliticalcontextinwhichSardeolicawasformed:theKyotoProtocolThe reduction of climate-changing gases is a global priority.Against this backdrop, and on the basis of the 1997 KyotoProtocol,theEuropeanUnioncommittedtoreducinggreenhousegasemissionsby8%comparedto1990levels.As a result, a series ofmeasureswere adopted, including the1997WhitePaperandDirective2001/77/EC,whichsupportandincentivisethegenerationofelectricityfromrenewablesources.ItwasinthiscontextthatSardeolicawasformedin2001tobuildandmanageplantsgeneratingpower fromrenewablesources.Following the acquisition by Saras SpA of the stake held byBabcock & Brown Wind Energy in the subsidiary Parchi EoliciUlassaiSrl (PEU), thiscompanywasfullyconsolidatedfrom30June2008.

The environmental benefits of wind energyWind isacleanand inexhaustiblesourceofrenewableenergy.Theenvironmentalimpactofwindpowergenerationsystemsisextremely low, both during construction andwhen on stream.Theenvironmentaladvantagesofthistypeofplantinclude:•extremely low environmental impact: when operational,

wind farms do not produce atmospheric emissions orcontaminationofthesoil,nordotheyconsumewater,requiretheuseofchemicalproducts,orcauseanydamagetofloraandfauna.Attheendoftheirlifecycle,theycanbecompletelyremovedwithoutcausinganyenvironmentaldamage,andnorestorationorreclamationworkisnecessary,astherearenopossiblepollutionrisks.

•low noise levels: the level of acoustic emissions from theaerogenerators installedcannotbedetected,even incloseproximity.

•limitedvisualimpact:iflocatedcarefully,followingpainstakingstudiestoensuremaximumenvironmentalcompatibility,windfarmsandindividualgeneratorscanbeblendedwellintothelandscape – usually far from inhabited areas (the closestinhabited area is in fact more than 4 km away) – withoutchanging the designated use of the surrounding land. TheUlassai wind farm, for example, covers an area of 2,900hectares,buts its installationsonlyoccupy less than1%ofthisarea.Furthermore,optimaltechnologicalsolutionshavebeenadopted,suchastheburyingofelectriccables,inorderto minimise the visual impact and prevent electromagneticinterferencewithtelecommunications.

27

TheSarasGroup

creaseinactivitiesrelatedtomaintenance,cateringandtourism.Sardeol-

ica’scommitmenttorespectingandprotectingtheenvironmentandhealth

and safety in theworkplace,and integrating itsactivities in thearea in

whichitoperates,isthereforefundamental.

Finally, Sardeolica is currently assessing the construction of other wind

farms,bothdirectlyandbyassistingotherSarasGroupcompanies,andis

alsostudyingthedevelopmentofinitiativestogeneratepowerfromother

renewablesources,suchasphotovoltaicenergy.

In2009,an18.9kWphotovoltaicplantwasputintooperationontheroofof

theUlassaiMultifunctionalBuilding.

Arcola and Saras Energia (Spain): the distribution network

ArcolaArcolaistheGroupcompanythatsellsoilproductsontheItalianwhole-

salemarket. Itsactivitiescoverawiderangeofproducts thataremade

availableindifferentgeographicalregionsviadistributionthroughSaras’

ownstorage facilitiesandthird-party logisticscentres.Thesearemainly

located inSardiniaandcentral-northern Italy(seefigure5).Formed in

1987,Arcolatransportedapproximately1,240,000tonsofproductsforthe

retailandwholesalemarketin2009,withamarketshareof7.6%.Inaddi-

tiontoitssalesactivities,whichconstituteitscorebusiness,thecompany

also provides leading operators with reception, storage and land or sea

redeliveryservices foroilproducts for the fueldistributionnetworkand

maritimebunkeringatitsstoragefacilityinArcola,Liguria.Itsstoragefa-

cilityhasacapacityofapproximately200,000m³,whichthecompanyuses

tomorethan500,000tonsoffuelsonitsownanditscustomers’behalf,and

whereitreceivesonaverage30tankerships,loadsaround80bargesand

more than15,000 tanker trucks. In2009, theArcola storage facilitywas

the“pointofentry”forassociateSarasEnergiaSAtointroducebiodiesel

toItaly,partofthequotathatreceivestaxrelief,whichwassubsequently

mixedwithenginedieselandreleasedforsaletoconsumers.

With 34 employees, Arcola has its registered office in

Sarroch and operational sites in Arcola, in Liguria, and

Sarroch; furthermore, the company has agreed transit

contracts at third-party bases (Civitavecchia, Livorno,

Ravenna, as well as various logistical bases in the Po Valley),

in order to cover the distribution area corresponding to the

whole of central and north-western Italy

ARCOLA

Figure 5 –Storagefacilities–loadingbases

LacchiarellaSannazzaro

Arquata Fiorenzuola

ArcolaRavenna

Pesaro

Livorno

Civitavecchia

Cagliari

Marghera

Owndepots:ArcolaandCagliari

28

TheSarasGroup

Saras EnergiaSarasEnergiawasestablishedin2001,fromthemergerofSaroilandCon-

tinental,twoSpanishoilcompaniescreatedbytheSarasGroupintheearly

1990s.ThecompanyoccupiesaleadingpositionontheSpanishmarketfor

retailandwholesaleoilproducts.

SarasEnergiaoperatesacrossSpain,includingtheBalearicarchipelago,

throughitsownsalesstructureendowedwithahighdegreeofexpertise,

professionalismandmarketknowledge.

Thecompany’sownlogisticsnetworkandanindependentnetworkensure

thewidespreaddistributionofproductsthroughoutthecountry.In2009,it

completedtheacquisitionofERG’sSpanishnetwork;todaySarasEnergia

istheexclusivesupplierof124plants,ofwhichitowns88andhasspecial

agreementswith36,ensuringeffectivecoverageofthewholeofSpain(Fig-

ure6).

InspiteofadeclineintheSpanishfuelsmarketofapproximately6%,Saras

Energia increased its sharebyapproximately3.3%(excluding theeffect

oflargecommercial/logisticsoperators),therebyconsolidatingwithinthe

SarasGroupthesynergicfunctionwiththeSarasrefinery.In2009Saras

Energia once again introduced onto the Spanish market approximately

threemillioncubicmetresoffuelproducedbytheSarrochrefinery.

Saras Energia has supplemented the modern fuels storage facility in

Cartagena(withacapacityof112,000m³,an important logisticssup-

plystructureattheheartoftheMediterraneancoastline)withanew

biodieselproductionplant,whichhasacapacityof200,000t/year.The

biodieselplant is veryclose to the fuel storage facility,withwhich it

shares sea loading and unloading equipment, generating significant

operational and functional synergies. In the second half of 2009, the

plantcamefullyonstream,andbytheendoftheyearithadproduced

112,000tonsofbiodiesel,largelytobeusedfortheadditivationofmo-

tordieselfortheSpanishandItalianmarkets.SarasGroupcompanies

weretherebyabletosatisfyEuropeanlegalrequirementsregardingthe

releaseofbiofuels forsale toconsumers,andbenefit fromall there-

latedmarketopportunities.

Thecompany’sgrowthstrategyisbasedontheconsolidationandfurther

developmentofastrongandstableposition,particularly intheareasly-

ingalongtheMediterraneancoast,andonincreasingitsmargins.Ithas

therefore focused on sales channels offering greater added value to the

detrimentoflessprofitablesectors.Developmenthasbeengearedtowards

thelargeretailers,freeservicestationsanddirectsalestosmallandme-

dium-sizedresellers.Thecompany’sactivitiesarethereforebasedonthe

searchforexcellenceincustomerservice,therigorousapplicationofthe

moststringentenvironmentalandsafetyregulations,and,ofcourse,cost

optimisation.

SarasEnergiahasaveryflexiblecommercialandadministrativeorganisa-

tionwithastrongcustomerfocus,whichworksinsynergywiththelogistics

andproductionsegments.

SalessupportservicesandtheMadridcallcentreaimtoachievecustomer

satisfactionandtorespondcomprehensivelytotheircommercial,admin-

With 268 employees, Saras Energia has its registered

office in Madrid and a storage facility in Cartagena.

29

TheSarasGroup

Figure 6 - SarasEnergia'slogisticsnetwork

istrativeortechnicalenquiriesandtocreatearelationshipofreciprocal

trust.

Productsareorganisedandshippedpromptlyaccordingtodeliveryopera-

tionsplannedateverylevel,includingwiththedirectinvolvementofour

drivers.

SarasEnergia’smenandwomenaretherealheroesbehindthecompany’s

success;ateamofprofessionalsthatoperateswithdedication,asenseof

responsibilityandafocusoncustomersatisfaction,ateveryphaseofthe

processes,withthesoleintentofgrowingthecompany.

Thepolicies

The

polic

ies

33 Environmentalmanagementpolicy33 Saras34 Groupcompanies34 Sardeolica34 Akhela

34 Safetypolicy34 Saras34 TheSafetyPolicyDeclaration35 TheSafetyManagementSystem35 Subsidiaries35 Sardeolica36 Akhela36 Sartec36 Arcola37 SarasEnergia

38 Qualitycertification38 Saras39 Groupcompanies39 Akhela41 Sartec

Thepolicies

33

Thepolicies

33

Environmental management policy

SarasSarashasalwayspaidattentiontothevariousaspectsofthesite’sactivitiesthathaveanimpactontheenvironment,andin2001,aspartofitslong-heldcommitmenttoenvironmentalprotection,itimplementedmeasurestoobtainEnvironmentalManagementSystem(EMS)certificationfortherefineryinaccordancewiththeISO14001internationalstandard.The achievement of EMAS certification on 20 October 2008 was part ofthecontinuousimprovementprocessforenvironmentalmanagementthatSarashadhadinplaceforanumberofyears:• in May 2002, the company’s Environmental Policy, containing Saras’

guidingprinciplesandenvironmentalmanagementcommitments,wasissuedtoallemployees

• thesubsequentproductionoftheEnvironmentalManagementSystem(EMS) manual and the associated implementation proceduresestablishedacodeofconductforallofthecompany’semployees

• objectives for improvement have been set and approved by theManagementCommittee;thesearethencheckedandupdatedannually

• internal audit activities have thus been put in place to periodicallycheckthattheEMSisbeingappliedcorrectly

• inJune2004,Saras’EMSachievedISO14001:1996certification,andinMay2006,thiswasupdatedtoISO14001:2004certification(Fig.6)

• inJune2007,thethree-yearlycheckontheEMSwascarriedoutfortherenewaloftheenvironmentalcertification;thecertifyingbody,Lloyd’sRegisterQualityAssurance,alsoconductssix-monthly inspectionsaspartofitsplannedassessmentactivities

• the revised version of the Environmental Policy was issued in May2008 and distributed to the company’s direct employees and tosubcontractorsworkingonsite.

In 2008, the process of developing the EMS was completed, enablingtheSarassitetoregister inaccordancewiththeEMAS Regulation, theEuropeaneco-managementandauditstandard(ECRegulation761/2001),which led to the publication of the 2008 Environmental Declaration(Figure7).Thisdocument,aimedatthecompany’sinternalandexternalcommunity, is intended to establish a transparent relationship with thelocalpopulation,localauthoritiesandemployees.ItalsoillustratesSaras’activities, thedirectand indirectenvironmentalaspectsassociatedwiththese activities and the environmental improvement targets that thecompanyhassetitself.In 2009, the certifying body, Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance,continueditsinspectionactivities,andthesix-monthlyinspectionoftheEnvironmentalManagementSystemwascompleted successfully. InJuly2009, thecertifyingbodyapproved the2009EnvironmentalDeclaration,which was then published, presenting figures updated to 31 December2008,andSaras’EMASregistrationwasconfirmed.Sarluxgenerateselectricitywithinthesite,anactivitythatiscompletelyintegrated into the refineryproductioncycleand isalso included in theabove-mentionedcertification.

Certificate of Saras’s Environmental Management System compliance to the ISO14001 standard

Registration of Saras EMS under EMAS

34

Thepolicies

Group companies

SardeolicaSardeolica generates electricity from wind power at its production unitinthemunicipalityofUlassai.Althoughthistypeofenergygenerationisin itselfalreadyanactivitywitha lowenvironmental impact,SardeolicabelievesitisimportanttoadoptanEnvironmentalManagementSysteminordertoensurecontinuousimprovementinvariousenvironmentalaspects:consumptionofenergy,waterandauxiliarymaterials,productionofwasteandthepreventionandreductionofallformsofpollution.Since 2006, Sardeolica has achieved ISO 14001:2004 environmentalcertification for its Environmental Management System (EMS); thecertificationwassuccessfullyrenewedinJuly2009.In March 2006, Sardeolica’s Environmental Policy, containing theguiding principles and the company’s environmental managementcommitments,was released toallemployees; thesubsequentdraftingoftheimplementationproceduresestablishedacodeofconductforallofthecompany’sstaff.In August 2006, Sardeolica achieved ISO 14001:2004 certification of itsEMS;thecertifyingbody,Lloyd’sRegisterQualityAssurance,alsoconductsannualinspectionsaspartofitsplannedassessmentactivities

AkhelaIn September 2008, Akhela issued its Environmental Protection Policy,containing its guiding principles and commitments on environmentalprotectionwhenperformingitsactivities,toallemployees.

Safety policy

Saras

The Safety Policy DeclarationOn the basis of increasingly stringent legislative guidelines for safetymanagementinindustrialactivitiesandfortheprotectionofworkersandthelocalarea,Sarashasalsolaunchedaprocessofcontinuousimprovementtostandardsandresults,recognisingthatsafetyisofstrategicvaluetoitscorporate activities. The company introduced a specific safety policy in1996,andsincethenhasachievedgoodresultsinaccidentpreventionandincontinuouslyprotectingbothitsworkersandtheregion.Aspartofthecontinuousimprovementprocess,on10March2009Saraslaunchedtheimplementationphaseofthe“SarasSafety”projectinsupportofsafetymanagement,designedinco-operationwithDuPont–agloballeaderinissuesrelatingtooccupationalsafety–withapresentationoftheworkplanandprojectmilestones.

The Safety Management SystemTheimplementationofaHealthandSafetyManagementSystem(HSMS)introduced performance measures and defined improvement targets.

Certificate of Sardeolica’s Environmental Management System compliance to the ISO14001 standard

35

Thepolicies

FollowingasimilarprocesstothatundertakenfortheEMS,inDecember2007SarasobtainedOHSAS18001:2007certificationforitsOccupationalHealth and Safety Management System from Lloyd’s Register QualityAssuranceItaly.Saras considers the protection of health and the prevention of anyform of accident or injury (either to its own employees or workers ofsubcontractors)ascorevalues,asstatedintheOccupationalHealthandSafetyPolicyupdatedon19July2007.Tomakesynergicuseofthecommonpartsofthetwomanagementsystems,Saras’HSMSisintegratedwiththeManagementSystemforthePreventionof Major Accidents, implemented in accordance with the MinisterialDecree of 9 August 2000. Furthermore, the company drafted a specificMajorAccidentPreventionPolicyfortheSarrochsiteon31March2008.The main objectives of Saras’ commitment to safety management havealways been accident prevention and the identification of the mosteffectivemethodsofreducingthelikelihoodofaccidents.Thisapproachis the same as that which underlies Legislative Decree 334/99 (SevesoII),whichstipulatedtheadoptionofaSafetyManagementSystemforthepreventionofmajoraccidents.Sarluxgenerateselectricitywithinthesite,anactivitythatiscompletelyintegrated into the refineryproductioncycleand isalso included in theabove-mentionedcertifications.Saras has set itself the objective of integrating the Health and SafetyManagementSystemwiththeEnvironmentalManagementSysteminthefuture.

The subsidiaries and the Occupational Health and Safety Management SystemOtherGroupcompaniesalsoconsideritimportanttoadoptanOccupationalHealthandSafetyManagementSystemtoensurethemaximumsafetyofalltheiremployeesandthoseofsubcontractors.

SardeolicaSardeolica adopted an Occupational Health and Safety ManagementSysteminaccordancewiththeOHSAS18001:2007internationalstandard.As part of this process, its Occupational Health and Safety Policy,containing the guiding principles and the company’s commitments, wasissuedtoallemployeesinJune2008;thesubsequentdraftingoftheManualfortheIntegratedEnvironmentalandSafetyManagementSystemandtheassociated implementationproceduresestablishedacodeofconduct forallofthecompany’sstaff.

AkhelaIn September 2008, Akhela’s Occupational Health and Safety Policy,containing the guiding principles and the company’s commitments,was issued to all employees; the subsequent drafting of the Health andSafety Management System Manual and the associated implementationproceduresestablishedacodeofconductforallofthecompany’sstaff.

Certificate of Saras’s Occupational Health & Safety Management System compliance to the OHSAS 18001 standard

36

Thepolicies

SartecIn2008,SartecadoptedanOccupationalHealthandSafetyManagement

System (hereinafter OHSMS), which integrated health and safety

objectives and policies in the design and management of work and

productionsystems.

ByadoptingthisOHSMS,thecompanyaimsto:

• reduce the possibility of the occurrence of any event resulting in

injury to people or damage to the environment or property, and

pursue continuous improvement in the working conditions and

qualityofworkwithinthesite

• progressivelyreducetheoverallcostsofoccupationalhealthandsafety,

including those resulting from work-related accidents, injuries and

illnessesbyminimisingtheriskstowhichemployeesorthirdparties

(customers,suppliers,visitors,etc.)maybeexposed

• increasethecompany’sefficiencyandperformance

• improvethecompany’sinternalandexternalimage.

The OHSMS defines methods for identifying, within the corporate

organisational structure, the responsibilities, procedures, processes and

resources to implement the company’s accident prevention policy, in

accordancewiththehealthandsafetylegislationinforce.

As part of this process, the Occupational Health and Safety Policy,

containing the guiding principles and the company’s commitments, was

issuedtoallemployeesinOctober2008.

Arcola ThedraftinganddisseminationatalllevelsoftheOccupationalHealthandSafetyPolicy,containingtheguidingprinciplesandArcola’scommitments,and the revision of the Risk Assessment Document to bring it into linewith thecriteriasetout inLegislativeDecree106/2009, supplement thestatutoryobligationsregardingtheriskofmajoraccidentsandarecodifiedintheHealthandSafetyManagementSystemandtherelatedManual.TheHealthandSafetyManagementSystemisthereforeintegratedwiththeManagementSystemforthePreventionofMajorAccidents,inaccordancewiththeMinisterialDecreeof9August2000.ThisoriginatesfromtheMajorAccidentPreventionPolicyandiscodifiedin the Policy Document for the prevention of major accidents and theprotection of workers’ health and safety (Art. 7 of Legislative Decree334/99).The education, communication and training activities supplementedby relevant internal and external audits, together with the revisingand updating of the Safety Management System Manual, represent thecornerstonesonwhichtheconceptof“continuousimprovement”isbased.Inordertomakethetrainingandcommunicationprocessmoreeffectiveand efficient, in March 2009 Arcola Petrolifera obtained a multimediae-learning platform to support operator training and communicationactivities;thefirstplannedandorganisedsessionswerenaturallydedicatedtospecificissuesrelatingtomajoraccidentpreventionandtheprotectionofhealthandsafetyintheworkplace(SICURPOINT).Specifictrainingcoursesdedicatedtothefollowingtopicshavebeenrun

37

Thepolicies

onthisplatform:SafetyManagementSystem,ConsolidatedLawonSafety(LegislativeDecree81/08,assubsequentlyamended)-(LegislativeDecree106),ChemicalRisk,ATEXRegulations,andtheInternalEmergencyPlan(IEP).Allstoragefacilitystaffsuccessfullycompletedtheentiretrainingprogramme.As well as these internal training activities, training sessions were heldfor all staff of subcontractors operating at the storage facility using anappropriatecoursedevelopedontheSICURPOINTplatform.Authorisationtoaccesscertainareasofthesitedependedonstaffpassingthiscourse.For the Arcola site, Arcola Petrolifera has produced a map of companyareaswherethereisariskofcrimesbeingcommitted,partofwhichisveryimportantinrelationtooccupationalhealthandsafety.Thisactivityisoneofthosecoveredbythe“Organisation,ManagementandControlModel”documentpursuanttoLegislativeDecree231/01,adoptedby the company, which describes the basic elements and managementproceduresthatArcolahasimplementedforthecurrentinternalcontrolsystem, lists theactionscarriedout todate inrelationtoorganisationaland procedural compliance, and indicates the general measures put inplacetopreventpotentialcrimesfrombeingcommitted.

Saras EnergiaInlinewiththeprinciplesofitsCodeofConduct,SarasEnergiarecognises

“...the importance of the ethical and social responsibility for safety

and environmental protection in the conduct of the business and the

company’s activities ...” and undertakes to “... promote and defend the

cultureof safetyandrespect for theenvironment, raisingawarenessof

risk management, promoting responsible behaviour and safeguarding

thehealthandsafetyofallemployees.”

Withinthiscontext,theacquisitionoftheERGnetworkandtheconsequent

increase in headcount have provided the opportunity to strengthen and

disseminatetheconceptsexpressedintheCodeofConduct,throughthe

revisionandpublicationofthe“Health,SafetyandEnvironmentPolicy”and

the“MajorAccidentPreventionPolicy”.Therevisionofthesedocuments

washighlightedatallcompanylevelsbyacommunicationfromtheChief

Executive,followingtheirpublicationinallworkplaces.

Both the fuels storage facility and the biodiesel production plant in

CartagenaaresubjecttotheobligationssetoutbyRoyalDecree1254/1999,

as subsequently amended, which is the Spanish law implementing

Europeanlegislationonthepreventionofthemajoraccidents.

In2009,withthestart-upofthebiodieselplant,SarasEnergiadesigned

andputintooperationtheSafetyManagementSystem,therelatedmanual

andtheInternalEmergencyPlan.Atthefuelsstoragefacility,operational

since2003,itwasnecessarytorevisetheriskassessmentduetothechange

in use of a tank from gasoline to methanol. This of course necessitated

therevisionoftheInternalEmergencyPlanandtheintegrationofcertain

proceduresintotheSafetyManagementSystemManual.

The training plan and internal and external audits were completed

duringtheyear.PursuanttoSpanishlegislationforthesector,anannual

auditmustbecarriedoutontheSafetyManagementSystem,therelated

38

Thepolicies

manual, the IEP and any other activity related to the management of

major accident risks. The companies authorised to carry out this type

of checkare indicatedby theacronym “ECA”(EntidadColaboradorade

Administracìon) and take the place of, and to all effects and purposes

represent,thepublicadministrationbodywithwhichtheyco-operate(in

thecaseofmajoraccidentrisks,theMinistryofIndustry).

In2009,thebiodieselproductionplantandthestoragefacilityinCartagena

were audited by ECAs. The audits were supplemented by extended

emergencydrills.Forbothplants,thefinalreportconfirmedthesuitability

ofthesysteminplace.

Detailed recommendations on corrective measures to be implemented

wereusedtoformulatetherelevantimprovementplans.

Quality certification

SarasBeforeobtainingenvironmental certification, thecompany took steps toadoptaQualityManagementSystem(QMS),whichestablishedproceduresformanagingaseriesofinternalareasandprocessesintherefinery.The company’s activities in the following areas are currently certifiedaccordingtotheISO9001:2000qualitystandard(Figure10):• Product Movement: the preparation of products according to

customers’contractualspecifications• Shipping: thedistributionby landand seaofproducts requestedby

customers• Operational and Medium-Term Scheduling: the supervision of

the arrival of raw materials (crude oil), their processing, and thepreparationandshippingoffinishedproductsrequestedbycustomers

• Engineering:involvingthedesignofnewplantsandimprovementstoexistingplants

• Construction: the management of the building of new plants andmodificationstoexistingfacilities.

Furthermore, thefollowingprocesses,althoughnotcertified,arecarriedout within the QMS framework in accordance with the ISO 9001:2000reference standard and QMS procedures, to protect customers and themarketinwhichSarasoperates:• Reception: thesupervisionof theunloadingofrawmaterials(crude

oil)atthemarineterminal• Analytical Control of Production:bymeansofthechemicallaboratory,

which is responsible for verifying and monitoring the hydrocarbonsproduced;furthermore,inJune2008,thechemicallaboratoryobtainedSINALaccreditation,inaccordancewithUNICEIENISO/IEC17025

• Purchasing and Tenders: the issuing and scheduling of orders formaterialsandtenders,andtheselectionandevaluationofsuppliers

• Human Resources and Organisation:ensuringthatemployeesmeetcompany requirements, through careful staff selection and trainingaimed at the acquisition, development and transfer of professionalexpertise Certificate of Saras’s Quality Management System compliance to the ISO9001

standard for specific corporate processes

39

Thepolicies

• Supply and Trading: the drafting of contracts for the supply of raw

materials(throughbothpurchasingandprocessingcontracts)andthe

saleofproducts

• Maintenance: the supervision of activities necessary to keep the

infrastructureandequipmentused tomaketheproductsorderedby

customersfunctioningandrunningefficiently

• Warehousing and Materials: the transport of materials to/from the

refineryandrelatedexpediting,thereceptionanddistributionofthese

materials(bothphysicallyandinaccountingterms),andtheirstorage

indefinedlocations.

Group companies

AkhelaAkhela’s mission is to provide the market with solutions for IT system

security and consolidation, professional services for the design and

development of complex software applications and for application life

cyclemanagement,andthedesign,provisionandmonitoringofITservices

andinfrastructure,allatextremelyhighqualitystandardsandtheutmost

security.

Tofulfilthismission,AkhelaadoptedaQualityManagementSystem(QMS)

foritsMacchiareddusite,andinApril2004achievedISO9001:2000quality

certification.

Akhela’s QMS is intended to guarantee product and service quality. Its

firstobjectiveisthereforetoimplementtheQualityPolicysetoutbythe

management,withtheinvolvementofallcompanydepartments.

Akhela’s QMS applies to the processes for the design, development

and provision of IT services, as well as to software development and

maintenance processes, including those for embedded software.

Specifically,thecertificationappliesto:

• the design, development and provision of IT services on market

standardandopensource1infrastructureandplatforms.

• thedesign,developmentandmaintenanceof:

applicationsoftware

embeddedsoftware

The Quality Management System should also be considered as an

appropriatetooltohelpthecompanyacquireanintegratedandhigh-level

corporateculture.

Specifically,Akhela’sQMSisorganisedaccordingtoprocesses,whichare

interrelatedandinteractwitheachother:

• Managementprocesses

• Qualitysystemmanagementprocesses

• Resourcemanagementprocesses

• Productmanufacture,provisionandmonitoring(delivery)processes

• Measurementandcontrolprocesses

• Operationssupportprocesses

Nell’otticadimigliorarecostantementeillivellodeipropriprodottieser-

vizi,oltreallacertificazionediqualitàsecondolostandardISO9001:2000,1-open source:softwarewhoseauthorsallowittobefreelystudiedandamend-

mentstobemadebyotherindependentprogrammers.

40

TheSarasGroup

Inordertoconstantlyimprovethequalityofitsproductsandservices,in

addition to ISO9001:2000quality certification,Akhelahas implemented

aprogramme togaincertificationandcomplywith internationalquality

standardsforthesector.Ofthese,theCMMI(CapabilityMaturityModel

Integration) has in recent years established itself on the international

marketasthebenchmarkmodelforbusinessprocessrequirementsregard-

ingsoftwaredevelopment.AkhelaobtainedMaturityLevel2ofCMMIver.

1.2inDecember2008,andisoneofthefewItalian,andtodatetheonly

Sardinian,companytohaveachievedthisrating.

ThisachievementraisesAkhela’sinternationalprofessionalprofile,partly

thankstoitsinclusioninthelistpublishedontheSoftwareEngineering

Institutewebsite(SEI)(http://sas.sei.cmu.edu/pars.aspx).

In the last few years, in order to constantly improve the quality of itsservices,Akhelahasundertakenaprogrammetobringthecompanyintoline with international standards in software development and serviceprovision.AfundamentalstepinthisprocessistherecentachievementinDecember2008ofMaturityLevel2ofCMMI®DEV(CapabilityMaturityModelIntegrationforDevelopment)ver.1.2.TheCMMI,establishedbytheSoftwareEngineeringInstitute(SEI)ofCarnegieMellonUniversity,hasbecomeoneofthemostauthoritativestandardsatinternationallevelforbusinessprocessrequirementsregardingsoftwaredevelopment.ITILstandsforInformationTechnologyInfrastructureLibrary,andisasetofguidelinesinspiredbybestpracticeinthemanagementofITservices.TheITILguidelinesweredevelopedinthe1980sbytheCentralComputerand Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) of the UK government inresponsetothegrowingrelianceoninformationtechnology.UnlikeCMMI,compliancewithITILstandardsmaynotbecertifiedforacompanyoroneof its department; instead, individuals working in service managementmustpassexaminations,dividedintoseverallevels.TenservicemanagersatAkhelaholdtheFoundationcertificateinITServiceManagement.

41

TheSarasGroup

SartecSartec’sQualityManagementSystemachievedISO 9001:2000certifiedinOctober2001.The Quality Management System applies to the following activities andprocesses:• designandproductionofenvironmentalandindustrialanalysissystems• provision of technical assistance and maintenance, including global

service,foranalysisandmeasurementsystems• designandproductionofmodularpackageplantsforindustry• design,conFiguretion,testingandtechnicalassistanceformonitoring,

control, decision-making support and optimisation systems forindustrialandcivilapplications

• design, conFiguretion, testing and technical assistance forenvironmentalmonitoringsystemsforindustrialandcivilapplications

• chemical-analyticalactivitiesforthecompanyandthirdparties• environmentalservicesandadvisoryactivities• servicesandadvisoryactivitieswithintheoilindustry.

The Quality Management System also applies to all business processesthat help to guarantee the company’s ability to provide products thatmeets customer requirements or other applicable requirements. No ISO9001:2000requirementsareexcluded.

Certificate of Sartec’s Quality Management System compliance to the ISO9001 standard

Production

Prod

uctio

n

45 TheSarrochsite45 Theenergybalance46 Refining47 Environmentalqualityofproducts49 Electricitygeneration

50 Groupcompanies50 Sardeolica51 Akhela

Production

45

Production

45

The Sarroch site

The energy balanceEnergy isbrought into thesite in the formof rawmaterials(crudeandsemi-finished products), electricity and water, as shown in the diagraminFigure7.Crudeoilisusedinrefining,fromwhichfuelsforinternaluseand feedstock for the IGCC plant are also obtained, while the importedelectricity is needed to meet the energy requirements for processing.Takentogether, therefineryandIGCCplantproduceenergy inthe formofoilproducts,whichareindailyusethroughouttheregionandbeyond,and electricity from the internal thermoelectric plant (CTE) and IGCCplant(Table7).Thethermoelectricenergyproducedisusedinternallyforrefining,whileallpowerfromtheIGCCplantisfedintothenationalgrid.In2009,theSarassiterecordedanenergyrequirementof876,749TOE.

Figure 7 –TheSarassiteatSarroch:flowchart

LPGPetrol

Jet fuelDieselFuel oil

Petrochemical feedstocks

Steam

Vanadiumconcentrate

Sulphur

IGCC

IGCCfeedstocks

Hydrogen

Electricity

Energy

Rawmaterials

Refinery

Water

Waterdischarges

Recycledwaste

Atmosphericemissions

Disposed-ofwaste

46

Production

Chart 3 –Crudeoilrefining(thousandtons/year)

Table 6 – Energyin(TOE)

2009

Crudeandfueloil 13,277,371

Powerfromexternalsources* 266,725

Total 13,544,096

*ConvertedintoTOEusingfiguresfromtheItalianRegulatoryAuthorityforElectricityandGas(AEEG)

Table 7 – Energyout(TOE)

2009

Finishedproducts 11,707,084

Electricityfedintothegrid 750,679

Fuelgas 43,017

Totale 12,500,780

RefiningIn 2009, the Sarroch refinery processed approximately 13.3 million tonsofrawmaterials(crudeoilandfueloils).Thelowprocessingfigureseenin the past year reflects the collapse of international consumption andthemajormaintenanceoperationscarriedoutduring theyear.Between2006and2009,some57.7milliontonsofrawmaterialswereprocessed,anaverageof14.4milliontonsperyear(Chart3).Inthelastfewyearsmorelightproductshavebeenproduced,withfueloilbeingkepttoaminimumandheavydistillatesfromrefining(TAR)beingusedtoproduceelectricity.

0

Grafico 3 - Lavorazione Grezzi

2006 2007 2008

14,515 14,593

15,517

2009

13,305

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

47

Production

Environmental quality of productsSulphur content is a key factor in assessing the environmental quality ofrefinery products, and in recent years regulations have been introducedtoset limits.Lowsulphurcontentmeansthatfuelsperformbetterduringcombustion and have less of an impact on the atmosphere. The facility’ssulphurbalance(Figure8andTable9)providesusefulinformationonhowmuchsulphurenterstherefiningcycleandthebreakdownofthesulphuroutput. The data show that the amount of sulphur coming in with rawmaterialsisflat.In2009,sulphuremissionswerefarlowerthaninpreviousyears,duetotheconstructionandstart-upofthenewTGTU(tailgastreatmentunit).Thesulphurcontentofproductsenteringthemarketroseslightly,duetogreaterproductionoffueloilthanin2008(Chart4).Thepercentageofsulphursoldasaproductwasverysimilartothe2008figure(Table9).Thisconfirmsthesite’sdesulphurisationcapacity,togetherwithamarkedreductioninthequantityofsulphurreleasedintotheatmosphere.

2006 2007 2008 2009

LPG 341,000 323,000 359,000 242,000

Gasoline 2,945,000 3,110,000 3,184,000 2,532,000

VirginNaphtha 936,000 916,000 862,000 799,000

Kerosene 388,000 467,000 544,000 358,000

Diesel 6,713,000 6,813,000 7,498,000 6,025,000

Fueloil 1,033,000 788,000 896,000 1,155,000

Vanadiumconcentrate 1,227 1,700 1,199 1,633**

Electricity(TOE) 821,819* 823,870* 783,039* 750,679*

Sulphur 111,000 112,000 110,000 110,000

HeavyhydrocarbonstoIGCC 1,217,391 1,190,195 1,179,604 1,076,783

*Figuresrecalculatedonthebasisoftherealefficiencyoftheplantratherthanthenationalcoefficient(withdrawnin2006).

**Including877tons/yearthatdonotmeetthespecification,whicharethereforesentfordisposalratherthanrecovery.

Table 8 –ProductsoftheSarasplants(tons/year)

Grafico 5 - Zolfo in uscita prodotto

2006 2007 2008 2009

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

9195.5 95.9

8.6

5.8 1.3 2.3

11.2

Sulphur in products Sulphur as a product

Chart 4 –Sulphuroutputproduced

48

Production

2006 2007 2008 2009

tons % of total tons % of total tons % of total tons % of total

Sulphurinput

Rawmaterials 120,747 100,0 122,920 100 115,141 100 114,714 100

Sulphuroutput

Atmosphericemissions 3,897 3,2 3,697 3,2 3,568 3,1 2,011 1,8

Inproducts 13,512 11,2 7,148 5,8 1,441 1,3 2,619 2,3

Aspuresulphur 103,312 85,6 111,815 91 110,000 95,5 110,017 95,9

Aswaste 27 0,02 260 0,2 132 0,11 68 0,1

Quantitiesnotcounted -1 -0,0008 - - - - - -

Table 9 –Sulphurbalanceofplants-2009

Sulphurin input Plants

99.5%Crudes114.197 ton

0.5%Semifinished products517 ton

2.3%Sulphur in products2,619 ton

95.9%Sulphur as a product110,017 ton

1.8%Sulphur emissions2.011 ton

0.1%Sulphur as waste68 ton

Figure 8 –Sulphurbalanceofplants-2008

2006 2007 2008 2009

Electricitytoexternalgrid(MWh) 4,473,703 4,417,843 4,322,134 4,086,439

Medium-pressuresteam(tons/year) 688,413 568,651 667,762 437,001

Low-pressuresteam(tons/year) 597,339 556,828 545,148 572,368

Hydrogen(kNm3) 360,220 307,083 322,226 359,108

Sulphur(tons/year) 48,184 42,589 49,753 48,405

Vanadiumconcentrate(tons/year) 1,250 1,700 1,199 1,633*

49

Production

Electricity generationSince2005,theIGCCplanthasoperatedextremelywell,whileexchanges

withtherefineryhavealsoremainedatsignificantlevels.

The following tables show the 2009 figures compared with the three

previousyears.

2006 2007 2008 2009

Heavyhydrocarbonsforgasification 1,217,391 1,190,195 1,179,604 1,128,568

Syngas(obtainedfromgasification) 3,943,410 3,942,542 3,770,558 3,757,686

Diesel 10,256 7,068 4,370 18,904

Electricityfromexternalsources(MWh) 379,463 369,491 380,508 378,700

Table 10 –IGCCconsumption(tons/year)

Table 11 –IGCCproducts

*Including877tons/yearthatdonotmeetthespecification,whicharethereforesentfordisposalratherthanrecovery.

50

Production

2007 2008 2009

Production(MW/h)

Netelectricity 168,185 153,735 155,970

Indicators

CO2emissionsavoided(1) 139,257 127,292 129,143

SO2emissionsavoided(2) 639 584 593

NOxemissionsavoided(3) 319 292 296

Equivalenthouseholds(4) 56,062 51,245 51,990

TOEsaved(5) 14,375 13,140 13,331

Barrelsofoilsaved 104,936 95,920 97,315

(1)Emissionsavoidedwerecalculatedusingaspecificemissioncoefficientof828gCO2/kWh,asindicatedintheOfficialBulletinoftheAutonomousRegionofSardinia,no.26,PartsIandII,page31(30August2003).

(2)Emissionsavoidedwerecalculatedusingaspecificemissioncoefficientof3.8gSO2/kWh,asindicatedintheOfficialBulletinoftheAutonomousRegionofSardinia,no.26,PartsIandII,page31(30August2003).

(3)Emissionsavoidedwerecalculatedusingaspecificemissioncoefficientof1.9gNOX/kWh,asindicatedintheOfficialBulletinoftheAutonomousRegionofSardinia,no.26,PartsIandII,page31(30August2003).

(4)EstimatedconsumptionofanaverageItalianhouseholdof3,000kWh/year(source:www.scienzagiovane.unibo.it).

(5)1TOE=7.3barrels=11,700kWh.

N.B.:onebarrelofoilisequalto42USgallonsor158.98litres.

Table 12 –ElectricitygeneratedattheUlassaiwindfarm

Group companies

SardeolicaTable12showsthenetelectricityproducedbytheUlassaiwindfarmandfedintothenationalgrid(GSE).ThistablealsoshowstheCO2,SO2andNOxemissionsavoided.Theavoidedemissions figure is particularly significant, because it highlights tons ofpollutantsnotreleasedduetothefactthattheelectricitywasgeneratedusingwindratherthanconventionalfuels.Similarly,thenumberofhouseholdsthatcouldbesuppliedwithelectricityusingthistypeofpowergenerationandthecorrespondingamountsofoilsavedhavealsobeenestimated.

51

Production

AkhelaAkhela provides two main types of services: information technology and

embeddedsystems.

One of the historically important aspects of the company’s IT services

is security solutions, which the company divides into two main areas:

logical security (infrastructure and applications) and physical security

(video surveillance, perimeter security, industrial security). One of

Akhela’sstrengthsisthatitcancombineandintegratethesedisciplines.

Furthermore, while the security services generally found on the market

oftenfocusonindividualactionsdesignedtoremedycontingentsituations,

Akhela applies a methodological approach, according to which security

is seen as a continuous process to be updated according to changes in

vulnerability,andcontinuallymaintained.

Staying with IT, Akhela has also developed competencies in the design,

creation and optimised management of complex, cutting-edge IT

infrastructures. Through its partnership with leading US company

Vmware, Akhela offers virtualisation solutions, the new frontier for the

optimisationofITinfrastructures.Itallowsmultiplevirtualmachineswith

differentoperatingsystemstobemanagedseparatelyonasingle,physical

machine. Its various advantages include server consolidation, entailing

theconsolidationofapplicationsandserviceinfrastructureintoasmaller

numberofservers,therebysimplifyingsystemsmanagement,cuttingcosts

and reducing substantially the typical energy consumption of the data

centres.In embedded systems, Akhela has designed the software for the enginecontrolsystemsusedintheautomotivesectorbymanycarandmotorcyclemakers.Inrecentyears,ithasdevelopedanadvancedenginecontrolsystemformotorcycleswhichiscurrentlyinproductionandusedinthescootersproducedbyaleadingmanufacturer.ThesystemenablescompliancewithEuro 4 legislation without the use of a lambda sensor, thereby ensuringgreater reliability at a lower cost. It also has hybrid capacity, i.e. it canoperateaconventionalengineandanelectricengineinthesamevehicle.

Akhela’s embedded systems division is taking part in another eco-sustainabilityprojectintheformofacar-sharingproject.ApilotschemeiscurrentlyunderwayinoneGermanandoneUScity.Carsharing,whichaimstoreducetrafficandcarnumbers,isseenasoneofthemostintelligentsolutionsforpersonalmobilityinurbanareas.

Theenvironment

The

envi

ronm

ent

55 TheSarrochsite55 Commitmenttocontinuousimprovement55 EMASregistration 55 IntegratedPollutionPreventionandControl56 Data56 Energyconsumption58 Waterconsumption59 Atmosphericemissions65 Greenhousegasemissions66 Airqualitymonitoring70 Wastewater72 Monitoringthemarineenvironment73 Measurestoprotecttheseaandcoastline75 Waste77 Soil,subsoilandundergroundwater80 Noisemonitoring82 Improvingtheinternalandexternalvisualimpact82 Investmentintheenvironment83 Groupcompanies83 Arcola86 SarasEnergia

Theenvironment

55

Theenvironment

55

The Sarroch site

Commitment to continuous improvementFormanyyears,wehavepreparedanEnvironmentalandSafetyReportthatprovidesdetailedandup-to-dateinformationonallaspectsthatdirectlyorindirectlyaffecttheSarrochsite’sinternalandexternalenvironments.Some of these, such as atmospheric emissions or wastewater, aremore immediately obvious because they relate to the environment inwhichpeople liveandworkeveryday;others, suchasenergyandwaterconsumptionandcarbondioxide(CO2)emissions, relate toproblemsofmoregeneralconcern,andhaveamoreglobalimpactwithoutsignificantdirecteffectsonthelocalenvironment.Thetrendinemissionsoverafour-yearperiodshowsapictureofgeneralimprovement, with the exception of some small fluctuations that mayoccur from year to year relating to plant changes and extraordinarymaintenance.Theimprovementinenvironmentaldataisduetoaseriesoftechnicalandmanagementmeasures,whichhavegraduallyequippedtherefinerywithmoreefficienttechnologyandresourcestooperateinamoreenvironmentallyfriendlymanner.In particular, the trend in sulphur dioxide (SO2), which is of specialinterest to the local community, has decreased sharply compared withpreviouslevels,droppingsubstantiallylastyearduetothestart-upofthetailgastreatmentunitatthesulphurrecoveryplant.Comparedwiththeaveragefigureforthethreepreviousyears,SO2emissionsfellbyabout46%lastyear.

EMAS registrationIn 2009, the certifying body, Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance,continueditsinspectionactivities,andthesix-monthlyinspectionoftheEnvironmentalManagementSystemwascompleted successfully. InJuly2009, thecertifyingbodyapproved the2009EnvironmentalDeclaration,which was then published, presenting figures updated to 31 December2008, and Saras’ EMAS registration was confirmed. This document,aimed at the company’s internal and external community, is intendedto establish a transparent relationship with the local population, localauthoritiesandemployees. Italso illustratesSaras’activities, thedirectand indirect environmental aspects associated with these activities andtheenvironmentalimprovementtargetsthatthecompanyhassetitself.

The AIA permitOn 24 March 2009, an integrated environmental authorisation

(Autorizzazione Integrata Ambientale - AIA) permit was issued for the

refineryandIGCC,pursuanttoLegislativeDecree59/05,whichimplements

Directive 91/61/EC, more commonly known as the IPPC Directive on

integratedpollutionpreventionandcontrol.

The AIA permit, which applies from 9 April 2009, replaces all existing

authorisationsandfundamentallychangesthewayinwhichenvironmental

issues are managed. The authorisation process was conducted by the

assessmentcommittee,whichcomprisedrepresentativesfromtheItalian

Environmental training

In order to achieve continual improvements in environmentalprotection, it is essential to provide ongoing training topersonnel,bothtoupdatetheirskillsandtoraiseawarenessoftheimportanceoftheirindividualroles.This is particularly true in complex systems with over 1,000employees, which is why in 2009 Saras continued trainingits staff on environmental protection issues in relation to theactivitiescarriedoutattheSarrochsite.In 2009, specific training in HSE (health, safety and theenvironment) was provided to more than 200 employees. Aspecial two-hour module on the Environmental ManagementSystem is also provided to new recruits as part of generalorientationtraining.Other special courses included: qualification by eightenvironmental inspectors, courses in accident scenarios,and courses on the environmental, safety andmajor accidentpreventionpolicies,inwhichtheentireworkforcetookpart.Specificstaffattendedother,strictlytechnicalcourses(blowdowndischargemanagement,theenvironmentalnon-compliancemanagementsystemandsafetydatasheets)thatappliedtotheirarea.Over4,200environmentaltraininghoursweredeliveredin2009.

EMAS (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme)

EMAS(Eco-ManagementandAuditScheme):establishedbyEECregulation1836/93,updatedbyECregulation761/2001(EMASII), this isavoluntaryscheme intended topromotecontinuousimprovement in the environmental efficiency of industrialactivities.Undertheregulations,participatingcompaniesmustadoptenvironmentalmanagementsystemsat theirproductionsites based on policies, programmes, procedures andobjectivesaimedatimprovingtheenvironment,andmustpublishanenvironmentaldeclaration.Beforeasitecanbeaddedtotheregister set up by theEuropeanCommission, this declarationmustbeapprovedbyaninspectoraccreditedbyanauthorisednational body. In Italy this body is the Ecolabel and Ecoauditcommittee,whichhasbeenoperationalsince1997andworkswith the technical support of ISPRA (Istituto Superiore per laProtezioneelaRicercaAmbientale-InstituteforEnvironmentalProtectionandResearch).

AIA permit

The integrated environmental authorisation (Autorizzazione Integrata Ambientale – AIA) permit is a provision authorisingoperationofaplant,whileimposingmeasuresfortheavoidanceorreductionofemissionsintotheair,waterorgroundinordertoeffectahighlevelofoverallenvironmentalprotection.TheAIApermitreplacesallotherenvironmentalpermits,authorisations,approvalsoropinionsspecifiedbylawandintheimplementationlegislation.Measuresrelating to thecontrolofmajoraccident-hazards involving dangerous substances are governed byspecificlegislation(Seveso)

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L’Ambiente

Ministry for the Environment, the Region of Sardinia, the Province of

Cagliari,theMunicipalityofSarroch,andengineersfromISPRA(formerly

APAT)andARPAS,Sardinia’sregionalenvironmentalprotectionagency.

Thepermitconsistsoftwosections:thepreliminaryassessmentandthe

monitoringandcontrolplan.

Thepreliminaryassessmentcontains:

• limitsonatmosphericemissions

• limitsondischargesintowater

• requirements assigned to Saras by the competent authority, with

deadlinesfortheirfulfilment

Themonitoringandcontrolplansetsoutthemethodsforthemanaging,

checkinganddisclosingenvironmentalvariables,aswellasindicatinghow

abnormal situations should be communicated and outlining the type of

reportthatmustbesubmittedtotheauthorities.

SarasisthefirstItalianrefinerytoreceiveanAIApermit.

Data

Energy consumptionThe company is strongly committed to rationalising and optimising itsenergyconsumption,whichiscloselyrelatedtotheplant’senvironmentalperformance,bothnowandinthefuture.Inthelate1970sandearly1980s,Sarasinvestedheavilyinheatandenergyconservation,largelyasaresponseto the energy crisis of the mid-1970s. Today, energy saving and energyefficiencyarestillstrategicgoalsforoverallenvironmentalimprovementattherefinery.Aspartofthiscommitment,importantinitiativesinthermalrecoverywereimplementedin2009thatwillreduceannualconsumptionbyabout40,000TOE.Onekey stepwas the integrationof theFCCwiththe desalinator, meaning that water can be desalinated without the useof steam. Table 13 and Chart 5, which show consumption of liquid andgas fuels(gas fuelsareproducedby therefinery itself)and theamountofelectricityfromexternalsources,indicateabroadlyflattrendinenergyconsumptionduringtheperiodunderreview.Table 14 opposite shows the site’s power requirement. The quantity ofelectricitygeneratedbytherefinery’sthermoelectricplant(CTE)isshownunderinternalproduction,whileelectricityfromexternalsourcescomesfromthenationalgrid.

BREF (Bat REFerence document)

Themeasures implemented for integratedpollutionpreventionandcontrol,setoutintheAIApermit,mustspecificallyinvolvetheuseofbestavailabletechniques(BATs).

BATs include procedures, methods, technologies, operatingstandards, and efficiency and consumption standards, withindustrial applications. The competent authority establishesconditionsandlimitsaccordingtowhatisachievableusingBATs.Theyarethereforeintendedasabenchmarkonwhichtobaseanassessmentofaplant’sefficiency.

Directive91/61/ECestablishedthattheEuropeanCommissionwould effect “an exchange of information between Member States and the industries concerned on best available techniques, associated monitoring, and developments in them”, and wouldpublishtheresultsofthisinformationexchange.

The exchange of information applies to all industrial activitieswithin the scope of the Directive. The results of the information exchange have been made public in the form of reference documents for the BATs, entitled BREF (Bat REFerence document).

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L’Ambiente

2006 2007 2008 2009

Electricity 189,603 193,917 194,118 160,969

Fueloil 198,546 192,254 205,367 185,270

Fuelgas 414,855 452,451 439,011 403,358

Fluegas 161,908 166,124 174,345 125,143

Total 964,912 1,004,746 1,014,849 846,749

Table 13 –Totalenergyconsumption(refinery+IGCC;TOE)

Chart 5 –Totalenergyconsumption(refinery+IGCC)

Chart 6 –Electricityrequirementandsupply(refinery+IGCC;%)

Table 14 –Electricityrequirementandsupply(refinery+IGCC;MWh

2006 2007 2008 2009

Totalrequirement 1,104,148 1,166,208 1,170,341 1,137,842

-frominternalproduction* 318,438 366,242 351,952 277,044

-external 785,710 799,966 818,389 860,798

*Productionbytherefinery’sthermoelectricplant;allIGCCplantoutputgoestothenationalgrid.

2006 2007 2008

28.8 31.4 30.1

71.268.6 69.9

2009

24.4

75.6

20

40

60

80

100

From self production

From external importation

1,200,000

800,000

400,000

0

2006 2007 2008 2009

Electricity

Flue gas

Fuel gas

Fuel oil

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L’Ambiente

Water consumptionWater is a precious resource for the Sarroch facility, and its use isconstantly monitored to optimise consumption and to promote recoveryanddesalination,insteadofusingfreshwatersuppliedbyCASIC(CagliariIndustrial Development Area Consortium), which manages the watersupplytotheSarrochindustrialdistrict.The water used for industrial purposes mainly supplies the boilers thatproduce steam for technological use (steam stripping, heat exchangersand power generation), to supply the fire prevention system, to replacecoolingcyclelossesandforciviluse.ThewaterconsumptiondataprovidedalsoincludethequantitiesrequiredfortheIGCCplantwhich,foritsownproduction,mainlymakesuseofwaterfrom dedicated desalinators and seawater, which is used in the coolingtower.Theproportionofwaterusedforrefiningislargelyunchanged.Supply sources in 2009 continued the trend seen in previous years, asshowninTable15andChart7.

2006 2007 2008 2009

Desalination 685 600 612 546

CASIC 662 711 742 771

Internalrecovery 335 416 457 447

Total 1,682 1,727 1,821 1,674

Table 15 –Totalwaterconsumptionbysourceofsupply(refinery+IGCC;m3/h)

Chart 7 –Waterrequirementofsite-specificvalues(m3/thousandsoftonsprocessed)

2006 2007 2008

1,015 1,037 1,028

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2009

1,118

Index of overall water consumption

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L’Ambiente

Table 16 –Totalatmosphericemissions(thousandtons/year)

Intheperiodunderreview,internalrecoveryonaveragemetapproximately26%ofthetotalannualrequirement,anddesalinationwasalsoasourceofsupply,accountingfor28%ofthetotal.Takentogether,desalinationandrecoveredwatermetapproximately54%oftherequirementin2009.Thisisasignificantresultfortheplant,particularlysincethereisnowanongoingwatercrisisinSardinia.Itindicatesthatthebestpathtofollowinfutureisrationalisationofconsumptionandincreasedrecycling.

Atmospheric emissionsSaras has pursued its commitment to reducing atmospheric emissionsbyimplementingaseriesofmeasuresdesigned,overtime,toimproveitsfacilitiesandputinplaceproceduresandmanagementsystemsthatcanensureitsactivitiesareenvironmentallycompatible,asdemonstratedbyareductioninpollutantemissions.Aspartof theseactivities, thegasificationplanthasmadea substantialcontributiontoreducingatmosphericemissions,asdescribedonpage17.In2009,oneofthemostsignificantprojectsintermsofreducingatmosphericemissionswasthestart-upoftheTailGasTreatmentUnit(TGTU),whichprocessestailgases, thereby increasingtheplant’ssulphurrecoveryandreducingSO2emissions.The gasoline desulphurisation process has also been updated; as of1 January 2009, it produces only gasoline and diesel with a sulphurconcentrationof10ppm(partspermillion)fortheEuropeanmarket,thushelpingtoreduceindirectSO2emissions.Initiativestoimprovefurnacecombustionandtoreducediffuseemissions(byinstallingdoublesealsongasolinepumps)havealsobeenimplemented.

In termsof legislation,meanwhile, theAIApermitcame into forceon9

April2009,imposingnew,stricterlimitsintheareaofatmosphericemis-

sions.Thesehavebeenfullyrespected,asshowninthefollowingcharts.

2006 2007 2008 2009

Raffineria IGCC Raffineria IGCC Raffineria IGCC Raffineria IGCC

SO2 7.33 0.47 6.97 0.42 6.73 0.41 3.51 0.51

NOx 3.80 0.98 3.16 0.997 3.13 0.86 2.42 0.58

DUST 0.45 0.003 0.52 0.005 0.45 0.004 0.28 0.03

CO 1.26 0.11 1.19 0.14 1.16 0.13 0.54 0.12

CO2* 2.349 3.878 2.508 3.751 2.485 3.728 2.136 3.542

*asperemissionstradingdeclaration(seeboxonpage63)

Water conservation

Aware of the problem of scarce water resources in Sardinia,Saras has adopted specific measures to reduce the use ofprimarywatersourcesintheregion,by:

•procuringwaterfromdifferentsources

•installingafirstdesalinator in1994withacapacityof300m3/hr,followedbytheinstallationofsixdesalinationmodulesfortheIGCCin1999,withatotalcapacityofapproximately600m3/hr

•implementingmeasurestomaximisetherecyclingofpurifiedwaterfromthepurificationprocess,followingimprovementstothetreatmentprocessandincreasedfilteringcapacity

The desalination plant has significantly reduced the use offresh water from CASIC (Cagliari Industrial Development AreaConsortium,whichisresponsibleformanagingthewatersystemintheSarrochindustrialarea)watersystem,withoutdisruptingthemarineecosystembytherefinery.In termsofwater treatmentsystems, the refinery isequippedwithaprocess-waterpurification(PWP)plantandaballastwatertreatment(BWT)plantforoiltankerstransportingcrudeoilandproductstoandfromtherefinery.Bothplantswerebuiltusingthebesttechnologyavailable,andare equipped with pollutant-monitoring systems; both processwaterandballastwateraresubjecttoanoilextractionprocessthatseparateshydrocarbonparticles from thewater,which isthentreated.Furthermore, part of the water treated in the PWP system(approximately400m3/hr) isreusedfor industrialpurposes intherefinery, therebyreducing theamountofwater taken fromprimarysourcessuchas the industrialwatersuppliesand theseawaterdesalinationsystem.

L’Ambiente

60

IGCCRefinery

New limits by law with authorization AIA

Grafico 8 - Emissioni di SO2 (migliaia di tonnellate)

2,00

6,00

10,00

7.33

0.47

2006

6.97

0.42

2007

6.73 6.70

3,51

0.510.41

2008 2009

Chart 10–RateofSO2emissions(SO2tons/thousandtonsprocessed)

Chart 11 –SO2concentrationsinrefinerysmokestacks(mg/Nm3)

0.537 0.507 0.460

0

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

Grafico 10 - Indice SO2 (tonnellate di SO2/migliaia di tonnellate di lavorato)

2006 2007 2008

0.301

2009

Index SO2 (refinery+ IGCC)

Legal limitData calculated untill March

Grafico 11 - Concentrazioni di SO2 dai camini di raffineria (mg/Nm3)

2006 2007 2008

1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700

734 672 639

2009

549

650

395

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

1,800

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

60 60 60 60

40

15.9 13.5 14.7

Legal limitData calculated untill March

Grafico 12 - Concentrazioni di SO2 dal camino dell’IGCC

2006 2007 2008 2009

0

20

40

60

23 23

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

Chart 12–SO2concentrationsinIGCCsmokestack(mg/Nm3)

Fuel gas

Grafico 9 - Contenuto di Zolfo nei combustibili

2006 2007 2008 2009

0.66

0.08 0.12

0.49

0.20 0.21

0.05 0.07

0.54

0.220.25

0

0.50

0.75

0.53

Flue gas Fuel oil

0.19

The site recorded its best ever year for total SO2 emissions in 2009,confirmingthedownwardtrendunderwayforthepastfewyears.Thisresultisduetotheongoingimprovementinthequalityoffuelsused,withasteadydecreaseinsulphurcontent(Chart9)andtothestart-upoftheTGTUplant.

Theemissionsratepertonofrawmaterialprocessed(Chart10)showsasubstantial reduction due to a successful initiative to improve processingperformance.

The2009figures,confirmedbythemonitoringoftherefinerysmokestacksand the IGCC,show thatall thevalues recordedwerewellbelow thenewlegallimitssetfortherefinery(Chart11)andthosefortheIGCC(Chart12).

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Chart 9 –Sulphurcontent(%inweight)

Chart 8 –SO2emissions(thousandtons/year)

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61

Chart 13–NOXemissions(thousandtons/year)

Chart 15 –NOXconcentrationsinrefinerysmokestacks(mg/Nm3)

3.80

0.98

3.16

1.00

3.13

0.83

IGCCRefinery

Grafico 13 - Emissioni di NOX (migliaia di tonnellate)

2006 2007 2008

2.42

0.58

2009

0

2.00

4.00

3.40

New legal limits with the permission AIA

381

304 297

0

250

500

Grafico 15 - Concentrazioni di NOx dai camini di raffineria (mg/Nm3)

2006 2007 2008 2009

500 500 500 500

Legal limitData calculated untill March

290

300

266

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

Grafico 16 - Concentrazioni di NOx dai camini dell’IGCC (mg/Nm3)

2006 2007 2008

60 60 60 60

35 33 31

0

20

40

6050

Legal limitData calculated untill March

2009

2722

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

Chart 16 –NOXconcentrationsinIGCCsmokestack(mg/Nm3)

NOX index (refinery+ IGCC)

Grafico 14 - Indice NOX (tonnellate di NOX/migliaia di tonnellate di lavorato)

2006 2007 2008

0.3290.285 0.257

2009

0.225

0

0.5

0.7

0.3

Overall,theSarassitehascontinuedtocurbitsnitrogenoxideemissions.

These are only marginally affected by fuel quality, and largely depend oncombustiontechniques,whichinturnarerelatedtostructuralfactorssuchasburnertype.

WiththeIGCCplantcomingfullyonstream,thetrendinNOXemissionsovertheyearscontinues(Chart13).Thefigurefor2009wasthelowestofthepastfouryears(Chart14).Acomparisonofconcentrationswiththeregulatorylimitsconfirmsthattheresultsareverypositiveandwellbelowthelimit(Charts15and16).

Ossidi di Azoto (NOx)

Chart 14–RateofNOXemissions(NOXtons/thousandtonsprocessed)

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L’Ambiente

Chart 17–Dustemissions(thousandtons/year)

Chart 19 –Dustconcentrationsinrefinerysmokestacks(mg/Nm3)

IGCCRefinery

Grafico 17 - Emissioni di polveri (migliaia di tonnellate)

2006 2007 2008

0.45

0.52

0.003 0.005

0.45

0.004

2009

0.28

0.0030

0,25

0.50

4551

43

0

20

40

60

80

Grafico 19 - Concentrazioni di polveri dai camini di raffineria (mg/Nm3)

2006 2007 2008 2009

80 80 80 80

Legal limitData calculated untill March

33 30

50

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

0.5

1.3

Grafico 20 - Concentrazioni di polveri dal camino dell’IGCC (mg/Nm3)

2006 2007 2008 2009

10 10 10 10 10

0.1 0.2 0.10

5

10

Legal limitData calculated untill March

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

Chart 20 –DustconcentrationsinIGCCsmokestack(mg/Nm3)

Dust index (refinery+ IGCC)

Grafico 18 - Indice polveri (tonnellate di polveri/migliaia di tonnellate di lavorato)

2006 2007 2008

0.031 0.029

2009

0.0230.036

0

0.025

0.05

Therefinery’sexclusiveuseoffueloilwithalowsulphurcontent(BTZ)since2000haskeptdustemissionsat low levels,andconsistentlybelow legallimits(Charts19and20).

ThetrendcanalsobeseeninthepositiveperformanceoftheIGCCplant,which has negligible dust emissions, as seen in Chart 17 showing totalemissions.Overall,levelsatthesitehavebeenlargelyunchanged(Chart18).

Dust

Chart 18–IRateofdustemissions(dusttons/thousandtonsprocessed)

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Theenvironment

Chart 21–PM10emissions(thousandtons/year)

Chart 23 –PM10concentrationsinrefinerysmokestacks(mg/Nm3)

Refinery

Grafico 21 - Emissioni di PM10 (migliaia di tonnellate)

2009

229

330

0

100

200

300

2008

185,8

2007

219,4

2006

266,3

Legal limit

0

20

40

60

80

Grafico 23 - Concentrazioni di PM10 dai camini di raffineria (mg/Nm3)

2009

New limits by law with authorization AIA

28 25

30

2008

17.63

2007

21.33

2006

26.69

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

Dust index (refinery+ IGCC)

Grafico 18 - Indice polveri (tonnellate di polveri/migliaia di tonnellate di lavorato)

2006

0.018

0

0.025

0.05

2007

0.015

2008

0.012

2009

0.017

Therefinery’sexclusiveuseoffueloilwithalowsulphurcontent(BTZ)since2000haskeptdustemissionsat low levels,andconsistentlybelow legallimits.

Thisfigurewasfirstrecordedin2009,whentheAIApermitcameintoeffectandsetthelimitforthisparameter.

PM10

Chart 22–RateofPM10emissions(dusttons/thousandtonsprocessed)

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64

Chart 24–COemissions(thousandtons/year)

Chart 26 –COconcentrationsinrefinerysmokestacks(mg/Nm3)

IGCCRefinery

1.26

0.11

1.19

0.14

1.16

0.13

0.00

0.75

1.50

Grafico 24 - Emissioni di CO (migliaia di tonnellate)

2006 2007 2008

0.54

0.12

2009

New limits by law with authorization AIA

1.00

110

41

126115 111

0

50

100

150

200

250

Grafico 25 - Concentrazioni di CO dai camini di raffineria (mg/Nm3)

2006 2007 2008 2009

250 250 250 250

Legal limitData calculated untill March

50

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

5.1 5.53.8 4.6 5.0

0

Grafico 26 - Concentrazioni di CO dal camino dell’IGCC (mg/Nm3)

2006 2007 2008 2009

30 30 30 30

10.0

20.0

30.0

Legal limitData calculated untill March

Law Limit with AIAData calculated from April with AIA

25

Chart 27 COconcentrationsinIGCCsmokestack(mg/Nm3)

Grafico 25 - Indice CO (tonnellate di NOX/migliaia di tonnellate di lavorato)

2006 2007 2008

0.0940.091

0.083

2009

0.050

0

0.05

0.1

CO index (refinery+ IGCC)

Anongoingpositivetrendcanalsobeseenincarbonmonoxideemissions.TheIGCCfigurehasbeenrelativelystable,whilethefigurefortherefiningplantshasfallen,duetotheoptimisationofthecombustionprocessincertainfurnaces,andespeciallytothenewcontributionoftheTGTUunitin2009(Chart24).Therateforproductionisalsoheadingintherightdirection;in2009itwasthelowestfortheperiodunderreview.

Allthevaluesrecordedarealsowellbelowlegallimits.

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Chart 25–RateofCOemissions(COtons/thousandtonsprocessed)

65

Theenvironment

65

Greenhouse gas emissionsThetwoactivitiescarriedoutbytheSarasGroupattheSarrochsite–therefinery (refining sector) and the IGCC plant (thermoelectric sector) –fall within the scope of the European Emissions Trading Directive. Thedirective was introduced across Europe to control and reduce carbondioxide emissions as part of the fight against climate change. Carbondioxideemissionsdonothaveadirect impactat local level,particularlyin terms of air quality around the site, but are connected to the globalgreenhouseeffect.Theemissionstradingschemewasintroducedin2005tohelpmemberstatescomplywiththerequirementsoftheKyotoProtocol.It works by assigning an emissions allowance to each individual plantfallingwithinthescopeofthedirective,setbythememberstatethroughanationalallocationplan.Surplusallowancesmaybetradedand/orstockpiled,andanydeficitmustbecoveredbyacquiringemissionsallowancesonthemarket.The allocation authorised by the competent authority for the five-yearperiod 2008-2012 involved a reduction of around 15% for all companiesin theoil sector. In2009, thesecondyearof thisperiod,Sarasobtainedadditionalallowancesduetothestart-upofUnit800.ThereductioninCO2emissionsin2009wasmainlyduetolongshutdownsforplantmaintenanceduringtheyear,whichallowedthecompanytomakesignificant investment inenergyrecovery.Theresultsof this investmenthavepartlyfilteredthroughtotheyearunderreviewbutthefullbenefitswillnotbeseenuntil2010.Themainmethodofcontrollingandreducingemissionsistouseenergyrationallyandadoptefficientproductionsystems;Sarashasalwaysbeenheavilycommittedtothisstrategy.The National Emissions Trading Register, which is available forconsultation, records both the allowances assigned and the annual CO2emissionsinItaly.SARAShasbeenassignedasinglepositiongroupingthetotalemissionsfromitsoperationsattheSarrochsite.

Table 17 –CO2emittedbythesite(refinery+IGCC;tons/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

Refinery 2,348,553 2,508,281 2,485,255 2,130,113

IGCC 3,878,387 3,751,317 3,728,496 3,539,598

Total 6,226,941 6,259,598 6,213,751 5,669,711

Total allowance (refinery + IGCC) 6,160,040 6,160,040 2,582,276* 2,604,100**

Emissions Trading DirectiveOn13October2003,theEuropeanCommissionpublishedtheEuropeandirectiveonemissionstrading(Directive2003/87/EC),betterknownastheemissionstradingsystem.

Thekeypointsofthedirectiveareasfollows:• as of 1 January 2005, no plant within the scope of the

directive may emit CO2 (i.e. continue to operate) withoutappropriateauthorisation

• eachyeartheoperatorsoftheseplantsmustsurrenderCO2allowancesequaltotheCO2releasedintotheatmospheretothecompetentnationalauthority

• maximum CO2 allowances have been set for every plantregulatedbythedirective

• CO2 emissions effectively released into the atmospherearemonitoredinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthecompetentnationalauthorityandcertifiedbyanaccreditedinspector

*Thisfigureincludes489tons/yearallocatedfor2008forthestart-upoftheU800plant.**Thisfigureincludes22,313tons/yearallocatedfortheperiod2009-2012forthestart-upoftheU800plant.

66

Theenvironment

66

Air quality monitoringThe constant monitoring of air quality is a key element in a strong

environmentalprotectionpolicy.Sarashastherefore,overtime,acquired

thetoolsandadoptedthemanagementprocedurestoachievethisaim.

Airquality is currentlymonitoredusingbio-indicatorsandbiodiversity

studiesaswellasmonitoringnetworks(detectionstations).

• Monitoring using bio-indicators and biodiversity studies Airqualitycanbemonitoredusingbio-indicatorsaswellaschemicalindicators.Epiphytic mosses (mosses that grow on tree trunks) are the bio-indicatorsmostfrequentlyusedformonitoringairquality.Themonitoringmethodologyisbasedonameasurementofbiodiversity,i.e.theabundanceofdifferentmossspecies.Thepresenceofatmosphericpollutants(mainlysulphurandnitrogenoxides)canreducebiodiversityvalues.Forsomeyears,theBotanicalSciencesDepartmentoftheMathematical,PhysicalandNaturalSciencesFacultyatCagliariUniversityhasbeenmonitoringtheconditionofthevegetationoverahugeareacoveringtheinlandregionofSarroch,asillustratedinFigure9.Italsousestheepiphyticmossesmethodologyasabio-monitorofairquality.Table 18 shows the key criteria for interpreting the categories ofair quality and atmospheric purity, with reference to the Index ofAtmosphericPurity(IAP)1.The categories that include the indicator values measured in thestationsbeingmonitoredarehighlightedinTable18.In2009,airquality intheareastudiedagain fell intocategoryIAP3,withanassessmentof“average”forairqualityandatmosphericpurityineightoutofthe11monitoringstations,whiletheremainingthreeunitsfellintocategoryIAP4withanassessmentof“mediocre”forairquality,“low”foratmosphericpurityand“low”forpollution.Thestationclosesttotheindustrialareaisoneofthesethree.Ascouldbereasonablyexpected,airqualityisgenerallyhigherinthestations further inland and lower in the one nearest to the Sarrochindustrialarea.

Chart 28 –CO2emissions:absolutevaluesandallowances(tons/year)

2,348,553 2,508,281

3,878,3873,751,317

2,485,255

3,728,496

IGCC

Refinery

Allowence assigned to IGCC

2,615,246

Grafico 25 - Emissioni di gas a effetto serra (migliaia di tonnellate)

2006 2007 2008

1,000

0

2,000

3,000

4,000

3,544,794

2,137,872

444,404

2,130,113

3,539,598

2009

2,159,696

444,404

Allowence assigned to refinery

Figure 9-Locationoftheairqualitybio-monitoringstations.

1-TheIAPindexwascreatedbyP.L.Nimis,“Lineeguidaperlabioindicazionedegli effetti dell’inquinamento tramite la biodiversità dei muschi epifiti”(‘Guidelines for the bio-indication of the effects of pollution through thebiodiversityofepiphyticmosses’),DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofTrieste,1999,andhasbeenusedinvariousairqualitystudies,aswellasbytheARPAs(RegionalEnvironmentalProtectionAgencies).

67

Theenvironment

67

Thepicturethatemergesfromananalysisusingbio-indicatorsshows,therefore,thattheairqualityfallsinthemid-rangeoftheIAPindex.Intheareaunderreview,asurvey isalsocarriedout tomonitor theconditionofthevegetation.

Thesurveyisconductedthroughvisualchecksoftheconditionofdif-

ferentspeciesofvegetationandbymonitoringthebioaccumulationof

pollutants.Accordingtotheresultsofthesefieldmeasurements,there

wasnocriticalthreatin2009totheconditionofthevegetationinthe

areastudied.

• Monitoring networksAirqualityoutsidetheSarrochrefinery(immissionlevel)ischeckedbythreemonitoringsystems,comprisingatotalof14monitoringstations,of which four belong to Saras and six to Polimeri Europa, while theotherfouraremanagedbyARPAS.TheSarasnetwork–managedalongsidethoseofthelocalauthoritiesand other companies in the region – provides real-time data onchangesinparametersrelatingtoairquality,toensurethatpollutionconcentrationiskeptbelowtheminimumlevelslaiddownbythelawsinforceandthatimmediateactioncanbetakenwhennecessary.EachofthefourSarasmonitoringstations(Villad’Orri,Sarroch,PortoFoxiandthenationalstoragefacility)isequippedwithmeasurementdevices that continuously gauge levels of the following pollutants intheair:SO2,NO2,CO,H2S,PM10,ozoneandhydrocarbons.Thestationlocatedintheareaofthenationalstoragefacilityalsohasaweatherstation.The ARPAS network records average hourly concentrations of thefollowing pollutants: SO2, NO2, dust, H2S and PM10 at all monitoringstations;ozoneandbenzeneatthreestations;andCOatonestation.In2009,thestationCENSA9wasrelocatedinordertomonitormorecloselytheairqualityofSarroch’scitycentre(CENSA3).A dedicated monitoring system constantly checks emissions from theIGCCplantforSO2,NOX,PTS,COandfluegasflowrate,guaranteeingahighdegreeofreliability,asshownbythedataavailabilityindex(the

IAP categor.

IAPvalues

Air qualityassessment

Purity/pollution

7 IAP=0 Verypoor Veryhighpollution

6 1<IAP<10 Poor Highpollution

5 11<IAP<20 Low Averagepollution

4 21<IAP<30 Mediocre LowpurityLowpollution

3 31<IAP<40 Average Averagepurity

2 41<IAP<50 Fair Highpurity

1 IAP>50 Good Veryhighpurity

Table 18-IndexofAtmosphericPurity(IAP):categoriesofairqualityandatmosphericpurity

1-TheIAPindexwascreatedbyP.L.Nimis,‘Lineeguidaperlabioindicazionedegli effetti dell’inquinamento tramite la biodiversità dei muschi epifiti’(‘Guidelines for the bio-indication of the effects of pollution through thebiodiversity of epiphytic mosses’), Department of Biology, University ofTrieste,1999,andhasbeenusedinvariousairqualitystudies,aswellasbytheARPAs(RegionalEnvironmentalProtectionAgencies).

.

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ratiobetweenthedevice’soperatinghoursandnormalplantoperatinghours),whichin2009wasonaveragehigherthan97%.A similar system monitors emissions from the refinery’s centralsmokestack, which collects approximately 30-35% of total emissions(Topping1andthermoelectricplant)andalsomonitorstheparametersdescribedabove.In2009,similarmonitoringsystemswerealsosetupforthesmokestacksof sulphurrecoveryplantsZ3andZ4.Theremainingemissionsaremonitoredperiodicallywithsamplestakenmanually.

ThetablesoppositeshowdataontheconcentrationsofthemainparametersmeasuredbytheSarasmonitoringstations,comparedwiththelimitssetundercurrentlegislation.The data show that the quality standard is met for all the pollutantsmonitored;thevaluesmeasuredbythemonitoringstationsareallbelowtheemissionlimits(Table19onpage64).This result is significant as it is closely connected with the health andenvironmentalqualityoftheregion,andthesearetheobjectivesbehindinitiatives to ensure that the management of production processes areconstantly monitored from an environmental performance perspective.The reduction in emissions due to the start-up of the TGTU plant hasalsoledtoamarkedimprovementinground-leveleffects,notablyforSO2,whichin2009didnotonceexceedthelimits.

Figure 10 - Map showing the location of the air quality

monitoring stations of the public network.

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Table 19–DatafromthemonitoringnetworkandcomparisonwithlegallimitspursuanttoMinisterialDecree60/02(μg/m3)

Number of times that limits have been exceeded

SO2Hourly limit2 Daily limit3 Ecosystems limit4

2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 Valore limite 2007 2008 2009

Villad’Orri 0 1 0 0 0 0 20 3 4 2

PortoFoxi1 21 2 0 5 0 0 20 16 10 7

Sarroch 8 2 0 0 0 0 20 13 11 8

Nationalstoragefacility 1 0 0 0 0 0 20 8 6 3

1-ThePortoFoxiunitislocatedinanareadesignatedforuseasa“workingarea”.2-Hourlylimitmustnotbeexceededmorethan24timespercalendaryear(350μg/m3since2005).3-Dailylimitmustnotbeexceededmorethan3timespercalendaryear(125μg/m3).4-Limitfortheprotectionofecosystems(20μg/m3).

1-Hourlylimitmustnotbeexceededmorethan18timespercalendaryear(250μg/m3in2005;240μg/m3in2006;230μg/m3in2007;220μg/m3in2008).2-Annuallimit.3-Annualaverageonanhourlybasis.

NOX

Number of times hourly limit was exceeded1 2007 2008 2009

2007 2008 2009 Registered value3 Limit2 Registered

value3 Limit2 Registered value3 Limit2

Villad’Orri 0 0 0 6 48 5 46 4 42

PortoFoxi 0 0 0 9 48 5 46 7 42

Sarroch 0 0 0 6 48 6 46 4 42

Nationalstoragefacil. 0 0 0 10 48 7 46 5 42

1-Dailylimitmustnotbeexceededmorethan35timespercalendaryear(50μg/m3since2005).2-Arithmeticmeanofaveragedailyconcentrationsinaone-yearperiod.

PM10Number of times daily limit was

exceeded1 2007 2008 2009

2007 2008 2009 Registered value2 Limit Registered

value2 Limit Registered value2 Limit

Villad’Orri - - - - 40 - 40 - 40

PortoFoxi 15 13 5 24 40 24 40 24 40

Sarroch 14 12 2 27 40 25 40 23 40

Nationalstoragefacil. - - - - 40 - 40 - 40

1-Averagedailypeakin8hours(10μg/m3since2005).

CONumber of times the average daily peak was exceeded1

2007 2008 2009

Villad’Orri 0 0 0

PortoFoxi 0 0 0

Sarroch 0 0 0

Nationalstoragefacility 0 0 0

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Chart 29–Totalwastewater(m3/h) Chart 30–ITotalwastewaterrate(m3/thousandtonsprocessed)

WastewaterThesiteperformednormallyintheperiod2006-2009,withslightvariationsduetomaintenanceworkontheprocessingplants(Chart30).Tomeasuretheenvironmentalqualityofwastewater,COD(ageneral indexofwaterquality) and hydrocarbon (mineral oils) indicators were adopted asprocessingbenchmarks(Table20).InaccordancewithrequirementsimposedbytheAIApermitregardingthedischarge of wastewater into the sea, monthly samples are taken by anaccreditedexternallaboratory,andtheresultsoftheanalysisaresenttothecompetentauthority.Charts35and36arebasedonthesefiguresandoninformationobtainedfromcontinuoushydrocarbonanalysis.Theyshowthatalltheconcentrationvaluesmeasuredduringtheperiodunderreviewwereconsistentlybelowthelimitssetbyexistinglegislation.

767 750703

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Grafico 26 - Scarichi idrici complessivi (m3/h)

2006 2007 2008

729

2009

0

Grafico 27 - Indice scarichi idrici complessivi (m3 / migliaia di tonnellate di lavorato)

2006 2007 2008

463 450 397

200

400

600

2009

480

Table 20 –Mainsubstancesdetected(tons/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

COD 368.0 472.0 368.6 396

Mineraloils 10.1 14.3 10.4 12.2

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368.0

472.0

368.6

100.0

300.0

500.0

Grafico 31 - COD (ton/anno)

2006 2007 2008

396.0

2009

Grafico 30 - Indice di emissione di COD (tonnellate / milioni di tonnellate di lavorato)

2006 2007 2008

32.32 23.7525.35

0

10

20

30

40

2009

29.70 0.70

0.98

0.65

0

0.5

1

2006 2007 2008

0.92

2009Grafico 33 - Concentrazioni di olii minerali allo scarico (mg/l)

2006 2007 2008

5 5 5 5

Legal limitMineral Oils

1,5

2,21,7

2009

1,9

0

5

3

7

Grafico 29 - Emissioni di olii minerali (ton/anno)

2006 2007 2008

10.1

14.3

10.4

2009

12.2

2.0

6.0

10.0

14.0

Grafico 32 - Concentrazioni di COD e confronto con il limite di legge

2006 2007 2008

53.1

66.855.9

160 160 160 160

0

50

100

150

2009

62.0

Legal limitCOD

Chart 31–CODemissions(tons/year) Chart 32–Mineraloilemissions(tons/year)

Chart 35–CODconcentration(mg/l)

Chart 33–RateofCODemissions(tons/milliontonsprocessed)) Chart 34–Rateofmineraloilemissions(tons/milliontonsprocessed)

Chart 36–Mineraloilconcentration(mg/l)

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Monitoring the marine environment For Saras, safeguarding the marine environment is a vital ongoingcommitment,whichisputintopracticemainlybyconstantlycheckingthequalityofwastewaterandbymonitoringtheenvironmentalparametersofthemarineenvironmentonasix-monthlybasis.TheareacoveredbythesurveysisshowninFigure11,andincludesmonitoringpointsfromwhichsurfaceandbottomwatersamplesaretaken.Thesemonitoringpoints,positionedalongfivelinesperpendiculartothecoastline,remainconstant,toensurethattheresultsofthevarioussurveysconductedovertimearefullycomparable.

Figure 11 - Seawaterqualitysurveyarea

ThecontinualmonitoringoftheparametersmakesitpossibletotracethetrophicstateoftheseaclosetotheSarrochplant.This isthemaintoolusedtoevaluatetheseawaterquality,shownbydataonthefollowingareas:• hydrology (transparency, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH

balance)• nutrients(nitrogencompounds,phosphorous)• state of vegetation (chlorophyll, phytoplankton, posidonia oceanica,

macroalgae)• monitoringofsedimentparticles(depositedduringthestudyperiod)

andsurfacesediment• monitoringofheavymetalsinsediment.

Table 21 on page 71 summarises the results for the trophic state of theseawaterbasedonsurveysof thequalityof thewateroff thecoastneartherefinerycarriedoutoverthepastfouryears.Assessmentofthetrophicstateisgivenforbothsurfaceandbottomwater.

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Table 21–Trophicindex(TRIX):seawaterqualitycategoriesandresults(2006-2009survey)

Surface water Bottom

January2006 good good

July2006 high high

January2007 high high

July2007 high high

January2008 high high

July2008 high high

January 2009 good good

July 2009 good good

In recent years a new parameter, the CAM (classification of seawater)index,hasbeenintroducedtoprovideanassessmentofthetrophicstateof water. This index is based on specific algorithms for the sea aroundSardinia.Generallyspeaking,theCAMindexproducedan“average”ratingforthequalityofseawaterintheentiresurveyarea.Thesoleexceptionwas2009whenthequalityofseawaterwaspoorduetoaparticularlyrainyperiodthatstarted in the lastquarterof2008,causinganumberofwatercoursestooverflowintotheGulfofCagliariwiththeresultingtransportofsediment-forming nutrient substances. These immissions created a broad area ofpersistent turbidity with a significant effect on the quality of the waterinthebay(Table22).Inanycase,theseindicesaresignificantoverlongperiodsratherthaninasingleperiod.

Table 22 -Trophicstateofseawater(2006-2009survey)

CAM index (specific to the sea around Sardinia)

January2006 low low

July2006 average average

January2007 average average

July2007 average average

January2008 average average

July2008 average average

January 2009 low low

July 2009 low low

Measures to protect the sea and coastlineSincetheearly1990s,Sarashaslaunchedvariousinitiativestoprotect

theseaandcoastline.Themostsignificantare:

• adoptionofthe“SarasMinimumSafetyCriteria”forshipscreeningand

selection:thisisalistofminimumsafetyrequirementsthatshipsmust

satisfyforinspectionandauthorisationtooperateattheSarasmarine

terminal

• theimplementationoftheSafetyService,whichinvolvesthepresence

of qualified personnel on board ships at all times during operations,

to verify technical and operational compliance in terms of safety

and environmental protection. This measure is intended to mitigate

and minimise the greater risk to the environment posed by ships

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transportingparticularlyheavyandpollutantproducts(suchascrude

oil,fueloilandsometypesofdiesel)• in 2009, in anticipation of legislative requirements, all incoming

shipsweredouble-hulled,andtheSafetyServicewasextendedtoallunloading ships, ships carrying pollutant products and all ships 15yearsoldorover:thistypeofinspectionwascarriedouton290ships,equivalentto42%ofmaritimetraffic

• the implementation of the automatic ESD (Emergency Shut Down)system, toprevent thespillingofproductsbyautomatically stoppingtheloadingpumpsandclosingtheinterceptionvalvesforoilproductsintheeventofapressuresurge

• abanonthedischargeofsegregatedballast(seawaterthatdoesnotcomeintocontactwithoilproducts)intotheseaatnightappliedtoshipscarryingparticularlypollutantproducts

• anagreementwithaspecialistcompanyfortheconstantattendanceofanti-pollutionstaffandequipment.

Everysixmonths,asurveyiscarriedoutintothequalityoftheseawaterinthestretchofcoastadjacenttotherefinery.Intheeventofaspill,vehiclesandequipmentareavailabletodealquicklywiththeincident,accordingtoprocedureslaiddownintheInternalEmergencyPlan,whichincludestheMarinePollutionPreventionPlan(page88).Saras has also decided to increase the use of double-hulled ships totransportcrudeoilandoilproducts.Currently,onthebasisofinternationalagreements,allshipstransportingfueloilandheavy(highdensity)crudeoilmusthavedoublehulls.Tofurthersafeguardtheseaandcoastline,Sarascommitted in2008touseat least98%double-hulledshipstocarry lightcrudeoil(lowdensity,notcoveredbytheaforementionedagreements)andseta targetofat least95%ofdouble-hulled ships to transportgasoline,keroseneanddiesel.Acheckofthesecommitmentsshowedthat100%oftheshipsusedtocarrylightcrudeoilweredouble-hulled,aswere97.7%ofshipsusedtotransportgasoline,keroseneanddiesel.Therefore,in2009,aspartoftheobjectiveofconstant improvement,thecompanyachieveditsgoalofusingonlydouble-hulledshipsforbothcrudeoiltransportandgasoline,keroseneanddiesel(seeTable23).To further guarantee protection of the sea and coastline, all leasingcontractsagreedbySaras for the supplyof rawmaterials and shipmentof finished products contain clauses prohibiting any ship from passingthroughtheStraitofBonifacio.

Refinery equipment for the protection of the sea and coastline

TheSarrochrefineryhasfourvesselsthatoperate24hoursaday:• the Neptune, an anti-pollution motorboat equipped with

systemstorecoverandstoreheavyhydrocarbons• the pilot boat Pegasus, used to transport people and

equipmentandassistinthepositioningoffloatingbooms• the working boat Proteo, used for rapid identification,

positioningoffloatingboomsandoperationsinshallowwater• themotorboatTripesce,usedtopositionfloatingboomsand

carryoutoperationsinshallowwater

A wide range of equipment guarantees that the site is ableto respond immediately and fully to contain and remove anyproductspills:• skimmerstocollectspillagefloatingonthesurfaceofthewater

witharecoverycapacityofupto27m3/hour• floating tanks, each with a 5 m3 capacity, to collect any

productrecoveredfromthesea• motorpumpstorecoverproducts,withacapacityofupto48

m3/hour• 1,950 m of floating booms to contain floating product,

equippedwithinflationsystems(threecompressorsandtwoblowers)

• radiobuoysconnectedtotheGPSsystem• absorptionsystems

Table 23–Commitmentsandresultsrelatingtotheprotectionofthemarineenvironmentfromshippingtraffic-2009

Commitment for 2009 Result for 2009 Commitment for 2010

Doublehullforlightcrudeoil 100% 100% 100%

Gasoline/kerosene/diesel 100% 100% 100%

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Waste

The facilitymanageswasteaccordingto itsobjectivesofminimisingthequantityproducedandincreasingthequantityrecovered.In2009therewasareductioninthetotalamountofwastefromrefining,andparticularlynon-hazardouswaste,duetolowerproductionofironandexcavatedearth.

In2009,around106,515tonsofwastewererecoveredorrecycled,amarked

increaseonearlieryears,butflatcomparedwith2008.Therisewasmainly

duetositeremediationactivityandtothedeliveryofusedcatalystsfrom

thedesulphurisationprocesstocompaniesspecialisinginmetalsrecovery

(Co,Mo,Ni).

2006 2007 2008 2009

Hazardouswaste* 35.6 39.1 33.9 29.2

Non-hazardouswaste 22.3 19.8 10.2 5.7

Total 57.9 58.9 44.1 34.9

*excludeswastederivingfromthe2008characterisationplan.

Table 24–Wasteproducedbythesite(thousandtons/year)

2006 2007 2008

5 4 1

95 96 99

2009

0

100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

PRE MARPOL SBT SBT-PL Double hull

Chart 37-Typesofvessel(%)

Chart 38-Averageageoftankers(years)

6.8 6.9 6.6

Grafico ??? - Età med navi cisterna

2006 2007 2008

5.7

2009

0

4

6

8

New measures to protect our coastline: elimination of single-hulled oil tankers

In order to dramatically reduce the risk of environmentaldisasters,thelaw(no.51of7March2001:“Measuresforthepreventionofpollutionderivingfromthemaritimetransportationofhydrocarbonsandforthecontrolofmaritimetraffic”)requiresoiltankerfleetstobemodernised,promotingtheuseoftankerswithlowenvironmental impactandencouragingtheeliminationof single-hulled units, which do not conform to the latestnavigationalsafetystandards.Thesestandardsareinsteadmetbydouble-hulledshipsequippedwithadoubleexternalstructureinmetalincorporatingcavities,which,intheeventofanaccident,canabsorbtheimpactandthusreducestheprobabilityofcargoleakingintothesea.Theoldestandmostvulnerablesingle-hulledtankers,builtbefore1982, were withdrawn from circulation before 2005. Othercategoriesoflarge,single-hulledtankersmustbewithdrawnby2010.

The three main categories of single-hulled tanker are thosespecifiedinECRegulation417/2002,namely:• Category 1: the “pre-MARPOL” single-hulled tanker, which

doesnothavesegregatedballasttanksinprotectivelocations(SBT/PL).Thesearetheoldestandmostvulnerabletankers,mostlybuiltbefore1982

• Category 2: the “MARPOL” single-hulled tanker,which is thesame size as the Category 1 tanker, but is equipped withsegregated ballast tanks in protective locations (SBT/PL).Theseweremostlybuiltbetween1982and1996

• Category 3: a single-hulled tanker, smaller than Category1 and 2 tankers, but with over 5,000 tons of deadweightcapacity.Thesesmaller tankersareoftenused for regionaltransportation

Inthepastfewyears,Category 6vessels,whichhaveadouble hull, have increasingly been used, with the aim of preventingaccidents at sea or limiting their consequences. Sarashas chosen to increase its use of this type of ship for thetransportationofcrudeoilandoilproducts(Chart34).

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Chart 39–Wasteproducedbythesite(thousandtons/year)

35.639.1

33.9

22.319.8

10.1

0

20

40

60

Grafico 37 - Rifiuti prodotti dallo stabilimento (migliaia di tonnellate)

2006 2007 2008

285.8

2009

non-hazardoushazardous

Table 26–Finaldestinationofwaste(thousandtons/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

Landfill 15.04 11.32 3.38 31.25*

Recovery 13.63 22.06 107.34 106.54

Incineration 0.37 0.42 0.45 0.50

Internalchemical/physicaltreatmentExternalchemical/physicaltreatment

28.77 25.16 22.951.46 24.06

Total 57.81 58.96 135.57 162.35

Waste for chemical/physical treatment is processed on Saras’ behalf by

aspecialistcompanyworkingwithinthesite.Thisactivity iscontinually

monitoredinaccordancewiththeinternalevaluationproceduresusedfor

allsubcontractors.Treatedwasteistransformedintonon-hazardouswaste

thatcanthenbesenttolandfill(Table27).

Chart 40–Finaldestinationofwaste(%)

Grafico 38 - Destinazione finale dei rifiuti

2006 2007 2008

26.0

19.2

2.5

23.6 37.4 79.20.6 0.7 0.3

49.8

42.7

18.0

2009

19.2

65.60.3

14.9

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

RecoveryThermal destruction Chemical/physical treatment Landfill

Table 25-Remediationactivity(thousandtons/year)

2009

WATER 91,7

TEARTH 35,8

* The figure includes remediation activities of 25.9 tons/year.

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Excavatedearthfromnewoperationsandmaintenanceandremediation

activitieswassentoff-sitetoarecoveryplant,thuseliminatinghydrocarbons

andallowingthemtobereused.

In 2009, the waste inertisation plant sent 10,608 tons of waste that had

beenrenderedinerttocontrolledlandfillonbehalfofSaras.

Separatedwaste fromofficesand thecanteencontinued tobecollected

2008 2009

Paper 95,8 74,6

Plastic 14,9 24,7

Glassandaluminium 8,1 10,9

Wetwaste(since2008) 7,4 7,8

Table 28-Separatedwastesentforrecycling(tons)

in 2009 by agreement with the Municipality of Sarroch. Table 28 shows

thequantitiesofmaterialsentforrecovery;74.6tonsofpaper,24.7tonsof

plasticand10.9tonsofglassandaluminiumwentforrecycling.Wetwaste

collectionwasalsointroducedin2008.In2009,atotalof7.8tonswascol-

lected.

Soil, subsoil and underground waterIn accordance with the provisions of Ministerial Decree 471 of 25October1999,assubsequentlyamended(regulationscontainingcriteria,procedures and methods for the safety, remediation and environmentalrestorationofpollutedsites),Saras,pursuanttoArticle9oftheDecree,presentedthecompetentauthoritieswithitsSiteCharacterisationPlanontheconditionoftheterrainandthelayersofwaterbeneaththerefinery.Subsequently, in 2004, in conjunction with the Italian Ministry for theEnvironment,theRegionofSardinia,theProvinceofCagliari,LocalHealthAuthorityno.8andtheMunicipalityofSarroch,thecompanydefinedtheproceduresforimplementingtheSiteCharacterisationPlan,whichsetoutaseriesofsurveystobecarriedoutandproposedthemeasuresneededtoprotecttheenvironmentandsafeguardpublichealth.InJuly2004,characterisationactivitieswereinitiatedatthesiteusingthefollowingtechniques:• surveys of the terrain withextractionofcore samples from5 to10

metres deep to establish the subsoil stratigraphy, ascertain whetheranycontaminantswerepresentandmeasuretheirconcentrations

• piezometry,orspecial surveysof the terrainwithextractionofcoresamplesfrom10to20metresdeepthatcanmonitorthewatertable.Thistypeofsurveynotonlytakesastratigraphyofthesubsoilanditsquality (as in the surveys), but also makes it possible to verify theconditionofthewaterinthesubsoil.Piezometryiscarriedoutusinga windowed tube inserted in the area where the water flows whichperiodicallytakessamplesofwatertocheckitsquality

• gas surveys,atechniquetoverifythepresenceofhydrocarbongasinthesoilinterstices.

The Site Characterisation Plan is currently nearing completion. In

Table 27–Chemical/physicaltreatmentofwaste(thousandtons/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

Chemical/physicaltreatment,ofwhich: 28.77 25.16 22.95 22.96

Renderedinertandsenttolandfill 14.83 13.67 10.09 10.61

Internalrecycling 13.94 11.49 12.86 12.35

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December2009,739surveys,140piezometricreadingsand539gassurvey

controlpointswerecarriedout.

Analysisofthesurveysprovidedthefollowinginformation:

• soilanalysisshowedonlysmallareasinwhichthelimitsforhydrocarbon

concentrationhadbeenexceeded(182samplesoutof3,164analysed),

mostly intheareaoftheWestTankFarmandthedisusedST1tank.

Otherparametersalsomarginallyexceededthelimits(Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,

Ni,Pb,V,ZnandIPA),foratotalof97samplesoutof3,164,inlimited

and non-adjoining areas, confirming that they were isolated cases

ratherthanawidespreadproblem

• analysis of the groundwater indicated the present of hydrocarbons

above the concentration limit in some cases. Hydrocarbons were

also detected in the light non-aqueous (supernatant) phase liquid

(LNAPL).Otherparameters(Cd,Ni,Pb,IPA,BTEX,MTBE,sulphates)

werealsofoundtohavemarginallyexceededlimits

• Noabnormalreadingswerefoundingassurveyanalysisoftopsoil.

Based on the results of the characterisation activities, a plan was drawn

uptomakethegroundwatersafeinemergencyandoperationalsituations,

whichwasapprovedattheServicesConferenceheldattheItalianMinistry

fortheEnvironmentinApril2007.

The project involves building a hydraulic barrier with supernatant

recoverysystemstoprotectthegroundwaterinemergencysituations,and

anintegratedsystemcontainingbothahydraulicandaphysicalbarrierto

protectitinoperationalsituations.

All 46 wells required for the hydraulic barrier have been dug. Of these,

26arealreadyoperatingonthemid-line,extractingcontaminatedwater

and recovering supernatants, while 13 are being used for groundwater

replenishment on the sea side, including one outside the plant to the

south,topreventsaltinflows.Theremainingsevenarehydrogeologically

upstream,controllinggroundwaterlevels.Theupstreamandreplenishment

wells are currently being brought into service. The physical barrier will

extendover3,050mandwillbemadeusingjetgroutingandwaterproofing

injections;plasticsheetingwillalsobeusedon thesouthernpart.Field

testswerecarriedoutin2009totestoperatingandconstructionconditions

inpreparationfortheexecutiveproject.

During2008,SarasdrewupprojectsforremediationofC>12hydrocarbon

hotspotsinsoilintheWestTankFarmareaandfordecontaminatingsoil

intheareaofthedisusedST1tank.

Since 2009, in line with the project schedules, the process of earth

excavation,soilwashingforremovalofhydrocarbonsandthesubsequent

restorationofwashedsoiltotheoriginalsitehasbeenongoingattheWest

TankFarmarea,whilecontaminatedsoilintheST1areahasbeenremoved

anddeliveredtoauthorisedlandfill.Bothprojectsarenearingcompletion.

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Figure 12–Locationofwellsconstitutingthedynamicbarrierandplannedlocationofphysicalbarrier

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Noise monitoringTomonitornoisepollution,in1999Sarasplannedandimplementedregularchecksofnoiselevelsinthelocalarea,bymeansofphonometricsurveystoestablishtheacousticcharacteristicsofthesurroundingenvironment.Monitoringunitstomeasurenoiselevelsweresetupalongroadsclosetotherefinery,onroadsleadingtoSarrochcitycentreandinthecitycentreitself. These areas are shown on the aerial photographic map opposite(Figure13onpage81).

The phonometric testing showed that the refinery emits steady andcontinuousnoise.Inthecitycentre,thenoiselevelfluctuatesmoremarkedly,asitisaffectedbynoisefromvehicletrafficandothernoisesunrelatedtotherefinery.TheL90noiselevelattributabletotherefinery(whichallowstrafficnoisetobeexcluded),measuredatnight,isconsiderablylowerintherecordingstakeninSarrochcitycentre.Thelatestmeasurementstakenin2009confirmthistrend(Charts41and42,page79).Saras not only assesses noise levels outside the refinery, but has alsopursuedanongoingprogrammeofphonometrictestingtocreateacompleteacousticmapofthesiteitself,whichwaslaunchedin2006.ThisisoneoftheinitiativesfortheprotectionofemployeesfromphysicalagentssetoutinSectionVIIIofLegislativeDecree81/2008.In2009,theareasoftheIGCCandAPI-PWP-BWTplantsweremapped.

Theaimsofthismappingactivitywere:• topreciselydefinethenoiselevelstowhichstaffareexposed• toidentifyhigher-riskareasandoutlineappropriatepreventativeand

protectivemeasures• toselectappropriateearprotectorsand identifymeasures toreduce

loudnoisesatsource.

Ananalysisofthephonometricdataenabledthecompanytoquantifythe

potentialacousticeffectsofthenoiseintheworkingenvironmentunder

normaloperationalconditions.

Measurement of electromagnetic pollution

In 2001, in order to determine the possible existence of risksituations,Saras launchedastudy toanalyseandassess thisphenomenoninsideandoutsidetherefineryarea.The first phaseof the studywas completed inOctober2001with the aid of a rigorous measurement system. The resultswere completely satisfactory, confirming that the magneticfields generated inside the site arewell within the legal limitsestablishedtoprotect thepopulation. Inaddition, itwasfoundthatnosuchfieldsexistedoutsidethecompanyperimeter.Thisresearchwasfollowedbyafurtherstudy,completedin2004,which assessed the exposure of workers to electromagneticfieldsduringworkinghours.Inthiscasethelevelsdetectedwerealsowellbelowregulatorylimits.InJulyof2007,afollow-upstudywascarriedouttoverifytheresultsobtainedin2001.Magneticfieldswereagainmonitored,usingthesamecriteriaadopted in the2001study.The levelsdetected were in line with those seen previously, confirmingthattheelectromagneticfieldsgeneratedwithinthesitearewellbelowthelegalrestrictionsimposedtoprotectthepopulation.The study on worker exposure to electromagnetic fields wasrepeated in2008.The legislative frameworkwasevenclearerthan for the previous study, thanks to the introduction ofLegislativeDecree81/2008.The data confirmed the results of the 2004 study, with nodetection of electromagnetic field levels higher than thespecifiedthresholds.

Map base and urban zone legend taken from the municipal town plan

ZONE LEGEND (MUNICIPAL TOWN PLAN)

Urban surface

Industrial zone

Industrial buffer zone

CASIC artisan zone

Road set back buffer

Agricultural zone

Port zone

Heavy Industry maintenance

CASIC plan perimeter

Urban parks in protected area

NOISE MEASUREMENT STATIONSStations Located on the perimeter of the SARAS facility

Stations located in the urban centre of Sarroch

Stations located within the SARAS facility

81

Theenvironment

81

2007 2008 2009

Grafico 2 - Immissioni ambiente esterno - Valori L90 - Periodo diurno (abitato di Sarroch)

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Measurement stations marked in figure 12Grafico 3 - Immissioni ambiente esterno - Valori L90 - Periodo notturno (abitato di Sarroch)

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

2007 2008 2009

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Measurement stations marked in figure 12

Chart 41-Externalenvironmentalimmissions(dBA)-L90levels-Daytime(Sarrochcitycentre)

Chart 42 - Externalenvironmentalimmissions(dBA)-L90levels-Nighttime(Sarrochcitycentre)

Figure 13–Locationofnoisemonitoringunits

82

Theenvironment

82

Improving the internal and external visual impact Since2000,thecompanyhasbeenincreasinglycommittedtoimprovingthe

visualimpactofthesite,bothtoofferamorepleasantworkingenvironment

andtoimprovethewaytherefineryrelatestoitssurroundings.Thefocus

has been on improving perceptions of the refinery areas and structures,

bothinternallyandexternally.

Toachieve thefirstof theseaims, the internalareahasbeen renovated

through the reorganisation of spaces and buildings, repainting,

improvements to green areas, and the installation of images to raise

awareness about environmental protection and safety and new signage.

Several sculptures, created following suggestions from employees and

externalcompaniesandmadeofscrapmetalandothermaterialsusedin

plantoperations,havealsobeeninstalled.

Structures and spaces in direct contact with the outside were also

improved,withgreenareasestablishedtoprovidecontinuitybetweenthe

siteand its surroundings. Inparticular, the junctionon theS.S.195was

rebuiltandthegreenspacesinthecarparkwereimproved.

Workwascompletedin2009topreventasteamplumefromrisingfromthe

boilersinthecombined-cyclesectionoftheIGCCunit.

Thenewinstallationeliminatedthevisualimpactofthesteamplume,and

alsoenabledheattoberecoveredforuseinprocessactivities

Investment in the environmentSaras’commitmenttocontinuallyimprovingenvironmentalperformancecanalsobemeasuredandevaluatedintermsofthefinancialinvestmentdevotedtothispurpose.ThedatainTable29showthecompany’sstrongcommitmentonthisfront,withtotalinvestmentofmorethanEUR50millioninthepastfouryears.In2009,themaininvestmentswereasfollows:• ongoingworkonthedynamicgroundwatercontrolbarrier• launchofheatrecoveryoperationsattheFCCplant• ongoinginstallationofdoublesealsongasolinepumps• ongoingtankandpipewaypaving• ongoinginstallationofdoublebottomsintanks• launchofprojecttobuildamonitoringsystemfortheCCR/alkalisation

smokestack• launchofprojecttobuildamonitoringsystemfortheT2smokestack• launchofprojecttobuildamonitoringsystemfortheFCC/COboiler

smokestack.Ofparticularimportancewasthecompletionofworktobuildthetreatmentplant for tail gases emitted by the Claus units in order to reduce SO2emissions,whichrequiredatotalinvestmentofmorethanEUR52millionbetween2006and2008.

Table 29–Investmentintheenvironment(EURthousands/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

Investments 12,250* 11,320** 15,160 11,690

*AddingintheinvestmentfortheTGTU(EUR52,700thousand),thetotalisEUR64,950thousand.**AddingintheinvestmentinheatrecoveryfortheFCCplant(EUR22,700thousand),thetotalisEUR34,020thousand.

83

Theenvironment

83

12,25011,320

15,160

2,500

0

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

Grafico 39 - Gli investimenti per l’ambiente

2006 2007 2008

11,690

2009

Chart 43–Investmentintheenvironment(EURthousands/year)

Group companies

ArcolaTheprojecttoreclaimsubsoilattheArcolastoragefacility,currentlyatanadvancedstageofimplementation,completesaprocessthatbeganin2002withtheapprovalofthepreliminaryprojectandlateroftheoperationalplan drawn up by Arcola Petrolifera, in preparation for the programmeof remediation and safety improvements at the Arcola storage facility.The project was designed to identify the best subsoil decontaminationtechniquestouseattheArcolasite,takingintoaccountthefactthatthegroundwaterisusedtoobtainpotablewater.Thetestphasethenbegan,aimedatplanninganddrawinguparemediationprojectusingthebestavailabletechnologiesappropriateforthesite.ThetestprojectwasdevelopedwiththeassistanceandscientificadviceoftheUniversityofCagliari.Avarietyofbiodegradationtechniqueswereselectedandtestedinareasthatwerespecificallyidentifiedandsetuponthebasisofthepreliminaryprojectandthesubsequentoperationalplan.A hydraulic barrier was kept in operation throughout the test phase, inordertoprotectthesite.Thiscomprisedfiveextractionwellsdistributedatvariouspointswithinthefacilitythatwereconstantlymonitoredtocheckthat they were working properly using groundwater quality checks. Thetest phase involved a substantial amount of work to identify and defineoptimum operational parameters based on the specific features andvulnerabilitiesofthesite.Many series of tests were carried out, incorporating coherent andcoordinated variations in plant-related and operational components.The results were analysed on an individual basis as they emerged, withcontinuousmonitoringsupportedbyanalyticalfieldtests.ThefieldtestingwasintegratedwithresearchactivitiesdevelopedbytheUniversity of Cagliari aimed at identifying the microbiological featuresof the indigenous bacterial communities at the site, and determiningtheirevolutionaryprocess.Amongstotherthings,theresearchidentifieda particular biosurfactant micro-organism (already known in scientific

84

Theenvironment

84

literatureastheGordoniabacterium),whichspecialisesinbiodegradinghydrocarbons, demonstrating that the indigenous microbiologicalcommunities are selectively evolving in favour of micro-organismsspecific to the typeoforganic substratumthatcanbe foundat thesite.On completion of this full raft of tests, field monitoring and laboratoryresearch,thebasetechnology–bioslurping–wasdevelopedfurtherandrefinedtomaximiseitseffectiveness in lightofthespecificfeaturesandvulnerabilitiesofthesite.ThefieldtestingofremediationtechnologieswascompletedinDecember2004.The definitive remediation plan was the result of nearly three years ofwork,duringwhichitwaspossibletoperfectthemostsuitabletechniques,ensuring that the required result could be achieved while taking intoaccountalltheenvironmentalfactors,particularlypotablewaterresources.The definitive remediation project provides for the simultaneous andsynergisticapplicationofbioventingandskimmingtechniques(whichwereoptimisedduringtesting)in60newlyequippedandinstalledpiezometers.ArcolaPetroliferadrewupandpresentedthedefinitiveremediationprojecttotheServicesConference,organisedbytheMunicipalityofArcola,in2005.TheConferenceapprovedtheprojectattheendofthesameyear.Intheearlymonthsof2006,workbeganoninstallingandpreparingequipmentinthefield;thiswascompletedinApril.Developments in the project are constantly tracked via monitoring ofspecificindicatorsofefficiencyandeffectivenessandcarefulrecordingofsurroundingenvironmentalconditions.This ismadepossibleby theuseofspecialmonitoringequipment,bothfixedandportable,whichregisterschanges intheprocessandmeasures itseffectiveness.Forexample, theinstruments installed allow for evaluation of the activity of indigenousaerobicplantlifebymeasuringoxygenandcarbondioxideinthesubsoil.This information is supplemented with periodical analysis of subsoilsamples,takenusingmicroprobing.Theresultsofmonitoringactivityarecollected,interpretedandcommentedonintheformofregulartechnicalreports,whicharepassedontotherelevantauthorities.ThefifthtechnicalreportwasdrawnupandsubmittedinDecember2008,covering remediation activity between June and November of that year.Thekeydataconfirmtheeffectivenessofthetechniquesadopted,whichenabledasizeablepartoftheunsaturatedareaoftheareaforremediationtobedecontaminated.Asexpected,thefocusisstillonthecapillaryfringe,whichremainsacontaminatedlayerduetogroundwaterdynamics.In2009,anewphaseoftestingwaslaunchedonadditionaltechniquesdesignedtomaximise the degradative capacity of the capillary fringe. This involvedascertaining whether the administration of oxygenated water wouldsupplement thebiodegradativeprocesses.The relevant testingareahadbeensetupbytheendofJune,whentestingwithoxygenatedwaterbegan.The tests continued until mid-October. The data collected are currentlybeinganalysed,priortopreparationofthereporttobepresentedtotheServicesConferenceinearly2010.

85

Theenvironment

85

Figure 14–RemediationprojectfortheArcolasite

86

Theenvironment

Saras Energia

The former ERG service stationsIn2009,thecompanycompletedtheacquisitionofERG’schainofSpanishservice stations. The service stations underwent specific preliminaryinspections,inordertoidentifyanypossibleenvironmentalcontamination.According to the terms of one of the clauses in the contract to acquirethese assets, the vendor is responsible for any environmental liabilitiesassociatedwiththem.Theinspectioninvolved88facilities,18ofwhichwerefoundtobeaffectedby subsoil contamination problems. In 2009, an individual remediationplanwasdrawnupandinitiatedforeachofthesefacilities.Theseplansarecurrentlybeingexecuted.Theremediationwork,whichisbeingcarriedoutbyspecialistcompaniesinthesector,isbeingoverseenbySarasEnergiaandpaidforbythevendor.

87

Theenvironment

Biodiesel production plantThe Directorate General for Environmental Quality has issued SarasEnergiawithanAIApermittooperatethebiodieselplant,withtheconditionthatthecompanyfollowprecisetechnicalprescriptionsformonitoringtheenvironmentaleffectsofwastewater,amongstotherthings.Inadditiontothemonitoringof thequalityofgasandwastewateremissions,aspecialmonitoringinitiativewassetupforthestretchofseaintowhichtheplantdischarges its wastewater, which the Autonomous Community of Murciadefinesasan“AreaofAverageEcologicalSensitivity”.InNovember,astudyofthemarineenvironmentanditseffectsonbenthicandplanktoniccommunitieswasdrawnupinthecontextofdischargesintotheseabytheSarasEnergiaplant.Thestudyassessesthebiologicalandenvironmental impactof thedischargesvia themonitoringofnumerousphysicalandbiologicalmarkers.

Safety

Safe

ty

91 TheSarrochsite91 TheSarasSafetyProject91 Thesite’sSafetyReport92 Safetysystemsattherefinery93 Data93 Accidents96 Emergencies97 Investmentinsafety

98 Group companies

Safety

91

Safety

The Sarroch siteOne of the company’s key priorities is to constantly foster a culture ofsafety,asthishelpstocreateworkingconditionsappropriatetotheneedsof employees and to achieve a progressive reduction in the number ofemergenciesandaccidents.Asisthecasewithothermeasurableobjectives,suchasproductqualityandcompetitiveness,thepromotionandmaintenanceofhighsafetystandardsareshowninthispartofthe2009reportusingpreciseanddetaileddata.Thedecisionsmadebythecompanyintermsofsafetycannotbeproperlyevaluatedexceptbydetailedanalysisofdataonsuitableindicators.Theindicatorsexaminedconfirmthat,whilesubstantialprogresshasbeenmadeintermsofongoingimprovementstoemployeesafety,thereisstillroomforfurtherimprovement,whichthecompanyseesasreasonableandachievable.

The Saras Safety Project In2009,SaraslaunchedtheoperationalphaseofitsSafetyProject,whichwas developed in partnership with Du Pont, a world leader in safetysolutions.This three-yearprojectwas initiated in2008,with theaimof improvingsafetymanagement.Itisdividedintothreephases:• PHASEI:AssessmentandFutureObjectives(completedin2008)• PHASEII:Implementation• PHASEIII:ContinuousImprovement.Thecurrentprogressoftheprojectisbroadlyinlinewiththeworkplanoriginallyoutlined.Theprojectinvolvesallstaffworkingatthesite,onthebasisthatsafetyshould be a concern for everybody. Saras offers a concise but powerfulsummaryofitsvisionofsafety:

The site's Safety ReportTheSarasrefinerydrewupitsfirstSafetyReportin1989,andsincethen the document has been continually updated to reflect allchanges made to the plant over the years, which had to be inte-gratedintotheexistingsystem.Ananalysisofpotentialaccidentscenarioshasruledoutanysignifi-cantconsequencesoutsidethesiteforthetimebeing;ifanaccidentdidoccur,itsimpactwouldbefeltinthedirectionoftheS.S.195,anuninhabitedarea.IndrawinguptheSafetyReportforthesite,thecompanyconducted

Safety training Eachemployeeplaysanessentialroleinachievingtheobjectivesof improving reliability and safety, so Saras attaches greatimportance toongoingstaff training throughspecificsessionsonsafety.Thetrainingprogrammeinvolvesallofthefacility’semployeesandisgearedtothevarioustaskswhichtheyperform.Trainingbeginswhenstafffirstjointhecompanyandcontinuesthroughout their working lives with Saras, with theoreticalinstruction and practical exercises. In addition, staff assignedtofire-fighting teamsparticipate inaseriesof special trainingexercises.2009saw thestartof trainingactivities linked to theDuPontproject, with the aim of continuously promoting a culture ofsafe conduct on the part of Saras’ employees. Operational,maintenance and service personnel took part in the trainingsessions. The training will be completed in 2010, when thesessionsareextendedtotheremainderoftheworkforce.In 2009, new initiativeswere launched for staff fromexternalcompaniesthatwork inpartnershipwith therefinery.Thepilotphaseforsomeoftheseinitiativeswascompletedin2009,whileothersrequiredplanningduringtheyear,forfullimplementationat the start of 2010. The staff of these external companiestake part in two levels of training. The first level is a generalorientationforanyoneenteringthesiteforthefirsttime.Itaimstoprovidebasic informationonhowtomoveaboutsafelyandtoincreaseawarenessofwhatisinvolvedwhenenteringasitewhere there are major-accident hazards. The (highly reliable)organisation typical of the site necessitates the developmentofriskawareness,promptingpeopletoabidebytherulesandconductthemselvesinasafemanner.The second level of training provided for subcontractedemployees aims to increase awareness of specific risks. Atthis level, thecoursesoffered tostaff includehow tooperateinthealkalisationareaandthemanagementofworkpermits.InNovember2009,thecourseonconfinedspaceswasalsoadded.Planning for thiscourse involved theseamlesscombinationoftechnicalandbehaviouralaspects,basedonthelatestresearchinto human behaviour, which indicates that knowledge shouldbeactivelyformedbythosetakingpartinthetrainingprocess,ratherthanpassivelytransmitted.Atotalofsome20,000traininghoursweredeliveredin2009,involving instruction in roles, positions and continual updateson safety and environmental policy, including 2,000 hours oftrainingfornewoperationalandtechnicalstaff.In 2009, the Prevention and Protection department delivered8,975hoursoftrainingstrictlyrelatingtosafety,including2,100hoursoffire-fightingexercisesand6,876hoursforthecoursesonalkalisationandworkpermitmanagement.Overall,4,006peopletookpartintraining,includingbothemployeesfromSarasandthoseofsubcontractors.

92

Safety

apreciseandin-depthanalysisofitsactivitiesandtherisksasso-ciatedwiththeminrelationtotherefiningprocess,thematerialsusedandalltheproceduresinvolvedinrunningacomplexopera-tionsuchasanoilrefinery.TheSafetyReportwasrevisedduring2005andsenttothecompe-tentauthoritiesinOctoberofthatyear.Therevisedversionincludedan in-depthanalysisof thesituationat theplantand itsmanage-ment;riskscenariosandhypotheticalaccidentswerereviewed,to-getherwiththepossibleconsequencesforstaff,theareainsidethesiteandthesurroundingarea.Theanalysiswascarriedoutwiththeactiveinvolvementofopera-tionalandservicepersonnel(processes,maintenance,engineering,maintenanceengineering,etc.),whoallcontributedtheirexpertisetoassist inachievingthepreventiontargets.TheSafetyReport isthereforeaninvaluabletoolforpreventingrisksituationsfromaris-ing, throughtheexaminationofallpossiblepreventionmeasures,andforidentifyingandadoptingthetechnologicalsolutions,equip-mentandsafetysystemsthatwillenableanyaccidenttobedealtwitheffectively,therebyminimisingtheimpactonpeople,theen-vironmentandthefacility.In2006,pursuanttoLegislativeDecree238/2005,theSafetyReportandthedocumentsrequiredfortheEx-ternalEmergencyPlan(the"Notice"and"InformationSheets"forthegeneralpublic)wereupdated.Subsequently,inJuly2007,theSardinianRegionalTechnicalCom-mitteeforFirePreventioncompleteditsexaminationoftheSafetyReportandissueditsfinaltechnicalassessment.TheSafetyReportand the above-mentioned process refer to the Sarroch site as awhole.Theconclusions,reportedbytheCommitteeinitsdetailedminutes,recordthepositiveoutcomeoftheassessmentandendorsethecontinuous improvementactivitiesundertakenbythesiteop-erator.Inrelationtocontinuousimprovement,theCommitteesug-gestedanumberofareasforfurtherexaminationandpossibleim-plementation.InAugust2009,inlinewithlegislativerequirements,workbeganonupdatingtheSafetyReport,whichisscheduledtobecompletedinOctober2010.

Safety systems at the refineryTheSarrochsitehasacomplexsafetysystemdesignedtodetectpotentiallydangerous situations immediately.Thefireprotectionwaterdistributionsystemcomprisesanextensivenetworkthatcoversthewholeplant.All the storage tanks are protected by cooling systems; the most importantoftheseareactivatedautomaticallyifatankoverheats.Similarsystemsareinstalledonallthepressuretanks,LPGstorageandloadingequipmentandanyotherpieceofequipmentforwhichariseintemperaturecouldcompromisesafety.The refineryalsohas seven fastandeasilymanoeuvrablefire truckscarrying powder and foam extinguishers, which can be operated quickly inemergenciesandactasabackuptotheinstalledsystems.Safetyequipmentandsystemsareregularlychecked,andcarefullyandroutinelymaintained.

The Internal Emergency Plan (IEP)

After defining the risk scenario for the internal plant area, thecompanydrafteditsInternalEmergencyPlan(IEP),whichincludestheprocedurestobeadoptedandactiontobetakenintheeventofanaccident,withtheaimofmanaginganysuchoccurrencewithmaximumefficiencyandminimum impact viaco-ordinatedintervention.TheobjectiveoftheIEPistoensurethecompanyreactsaseffectivelyaspossibletoaccidentsby:•preventingandminimisinginjuryandprovidingassistance

toanycasualties•bringingaccidentsundercontrolandlimitingtheireffects•preventingandminimisingenvironmentaldamage•preventingandminimisingdamagetocompanyproperty

Asmentionedearlier,theIEP,whichisregularlyrevisedtotakeaccount of changes in operating and plant conditions, alsoincludestheMarinePollutionPreventionPlan,drawnuptodealwith emergencies resulting from spills into the sea from therefinery or other critical events that could occur at the site’smarine facilities.Basedon thecontentof the refinery’sSafetyReport, the IEP defines the criteria for classifying reportableaccidents,anddistinguishesbetweenthreetypes(i.e.levels)ofemergency:•limitedemergency•generalemergency•nearaccident

Alimitedemergencyreferstoanaccidentaffectingadistinctareaof theplant thatcanbequicklyhandledusing locally-availableresources. This generally means that a fire is not involved. Ageneral emergency is an accident that, due to its nature orbecauseofparticularenvironmentalconditions,risksspreadingtootherpartsoftheplantorareasoutsidetherefinery.Lastly,nearaccidentsaresituationsthatcouldpotentiallyhaveledtoanaccident.Analysisandassessmentofsucheventsisessentialtothecontinuousimprovementofsitesafety.Toensurethataccidentsaredealtwithquicklyandefficiently,itiscrucialtohavereliableproceduresforraisingthealarmandalertingallpersonnelconcerned,accordingtothetypeofevent.Another important requirementof the IEP is tohaveclearanddirectlinesofcommunicationtoalertthoseinvolvedinexecutingtheplan,allpersonnelwithintheplant,theemergencyservicesandthegeneralpublic.Communication and alarm devices (fire alarm buttons,telephones, fixed and mobile intercom units at various plantlocations or in the possession of key personnel) are widelyavailable throughout the refinery, so that personnel andequipment can be mobilised immediately. Following a list ofpriorities,therefinery’sEmergencyCo-ordinationCentre(Figure15, page 89) distributes information and provides updateson the management of accidents to certain organisations,dependingonthetypeofincidentinvolved,namely:•thefireservice•theprefecture•nearbyindustrialsitesOther relevant organisations include the Sarroch municipalauthorities, the Sarroch carabinieri, the police and the portauthority.Continualupdatesareprovidedtotheseorganisationsuntiltheemergencyisfullyresolved,sothatthelocalcommunitycanbekeptinformed.

93

Safety

Data

AccidentsSaras personnel. The policy of continuous improvement that Sarashasadopted inanumberof areas, suchas theenvironment, technologyand training, can also be applied to safety. This is why 2009 saw thecontinuationofthecompany’scollaborationwithDuPont,theworldleaderinoccupationalsafety,aspartoftheSafetyProject.TheINAILindicesrecordedforSarasin2009(Chartsonpage90)donotyetshowtheimprovementexpectedfromtheSafetyProject.The fact that this development is largely due to behavioural factorsunderlinestheneedtocontinueinvolvingemployeesintheissueof“safeworking”,includingthroughmoreintensivetrainingandcommunication.

The External Emergency Plan (EEP)The External Emergency Plan (EEP) is closely related to theInternal Emergency Plan. The EEP is drawn up in conjunctionwith the Prefecture of Cagliari following a consultation phaseinvolving numerous local bodies, law enforcement agenciesand emergency services, including the regional and provincialauthorities,theMunicipalityofSarroch,thefireserviceandthelocalhealthauthority.Theplanconcerns theSarroch industrialcomplexasawhole,andconsidershypotheticalaccidentsconcerningsitesbelongingtothevariouscompanieslocatedthere(Saras,PolimeriEuropa,SasolItaly,ENI,LiquigasandAirLiquideItalia)thatcouldresultinharmfulconsequencesfortheareaoutsidethefacilities.Here,too,thesafetyreportsforthevariousproductionfacilitiesand analyses of hypothetical accident scenarios (study of thelocalarea,urbandistrictsand infrastructure)areused toplanthebestwayofmanagingaccidentsgiventhepotentialeffectsonpeoplelivingnearby.ProcedureshavebeendefinedforexecutingandmanagingtheEEP,fromraisingthealarmtotheinterventionofallcompanyandexternalpersonnel responsible forparticular action in accordancewiththevariousrolesassignedtothem,includingdirectmanagementofaccidentsatthesite,monitoringofthesurroundingareaandprovisionofinformationandassistanceforlocalresidents(roadmanagement,healthservices,media,etc.).Theorganisationsconcerned (prefecture,policeheadquarters,fire service, trafficpolice, carabinieri, financial police, forestryauthority, port authority, health authority, ARPAS, regional andprovincial authorities, Sarroch municipal authorities) will beinvolvedinvariouswaystoensurethataccidentswithpotentialconsequencesoutsideaproductionfacilityaremanagedquicklyandeffectively.The effectiveness of the EEP and its implementation ismonitoredviaregulardrillsinvolvingthecompaniesandallotherresponsibleorganisations.

Figure 15–Locationoftherefinery’sEmergencyCo-ordinationCentre

94

Safety

External companies.Sarasalsorecordsandanalysesdataonaccidentsatworkinvolvingstaffemployedbyexternalcompanies.In2009aparticularlyseriousfatalaccidentoccurredwithinthesite,involvingthreeemployeesofasubcontractor,duringgeneralrefinerymaintenancework.AsaresulttheINAILindicesalsoshowanegativetrend,mainlyduetobehaviouralfactors. These figures confirm the need to continue to involve staff inissues of “safe working”, including through more intensive training andcommunication.In2009,thePreventionandProtectiondepartmentalsosteppedupitsmeetingswithSarasemployeerepresentativesforsafetyandthe environment and the staff safety representatives of contractors/site

2006 2007 2008 2009

Totalfrequencyindex 12.0 12.2 11.6 13.2

INAILfrequencyindex 5.7 7.5 6.4 7.5

Severityindex 0.120 0.123 0.172 0.376

Averageduration 21.3 16.5 26.7 49.9

Table 30–Sarasemployees–Accidentindices

Chart 44–Sarasemployees–Totalfrequencyindex

Chart 46–Sarasemployees–Accidentseverityindex

Chart 45–Sarasemployees–INAILfrequencyindex

Chart 47–Sarasemployees–Averageaccidentduration(days)

12.0 12.211.6

0

5

10

15

Grafico 40 - Lavoratori Saras - Indice di frequenza totale

2006 2007 2008

13.2

2009

Indice di frequenza totale

5.7

7.5

6.4

0

3

5

7

Grafico 41 - Lavoratori Saras - Indice di frequenza INAIL

2006 2007 2008

7.5

2009

0.120 0.1230.172

0.00

0.20

0.40

Grafico 42 - Lavoratori Saras - Indice di gravità infortuni

2006 2007 2008

0.376

2009

21.3

16.5

26.7

0

20

40

60

Grafico 43 - Lavoratori Saras - Durata media infortuni

2006 2007 2008

49.9

2009

Safety

95

2006 2007 2008 2009

Totalfrequencyindex 13.37 10.93 5.77 8.50

INAILfrequencyindex 8.14 5.75 2.26 4.90

Severityindex 0.170 4.58 0.061 4.939

Averageduration 15.6 39.8* 26.7 30.5*

Table 31–Externalstaff–Accidentindices

Chart 48–Externalstaff–Totalfrequencyindex Chart 49–Externalstaff–INAILfrequencyindex

Chart 51–Externalstaff–Averageaccidentduration

13.37

10.93

5.77

0

10

15

Grafico 44 - Ditte estene - Indice di frequenza totale

2006 2007 2008

8.50

2009

8.14

5.75

2.26

0

5

10

Grafico 45 - Ditte estene - Indice di frequenza INAIL

2006 2007 2008

4.90

2009

Indice di frequenza INAIL

4.58

0,060,170,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

Grafico 46 - Ditte estene - Indice di gravità

2006 2007 2008

4.939

2009

15.639.8 26.7

0

200

400

600

Grafico 47 - Ditte estene - Durata media infortuni

2006 2007 2008

30.5

2009

managers.ThesesessionswereusedtoprovidestaffofexternalcompanieswithregularinformationonperformanceintermsofaccidentsandnearaccidentsandonsafetypoliciesimplementedbySaras,aswellastoreceiveconstructivefeedbackonhowthismightbeimproved.

*Thisfiguredoesnotincludethefatalaccident

Chart 50–Externalstaff–Accidentseverityindex

96

Safety

EmergenciesThe rate of general emergencies declined by more than 50% in 2009comparedwiththepreviousyear,continuingatrendofsteadyreduction,as shown in Table 32. However, the figure for limited emergenciesincreasedsubstantially,whichindicatesthatevenminoreventsmanagedasemergencieswerereported.Withregardtonearaccidents(Chart51),20 incidentswerereportedin2009,continuingthegrowthtrendseeninrecentyears.Thefiguresconfirmtheneedtocontinuetoraiseawarenessof the importance of these issues among Saras’ employees and those ofsubcontractors.The charts opposite show the number of plant shutdowns due toemergenciesandthenumberofdaysplantswereshutdownduetotheseincidents(Charts55and56).

2006 2007 2008 2009

Limitedemergencies 27 21 18 32

Generalemergencies 4 6 7 3

Nearaccidents 1 10 11 20

Table 32–Emergencies–Numberofevents

Chart 50–GeneralemergenciesChart 49 –Limitedemergencies

Grafico 48 - Emergenze generali

2006 2007 2008

4

6

7

2009

3

0

2

4

6

8

10

27

2118

0

10

20

30

Grafico 49 - Emergenze limitate

2006 2007 2008

32

2009

Grafico 50 - Mancanti incidenti

2006 2007 2008

1

10 11

2009

20

0

5

10

20

Chart 51–Nearaccidents

97

Safety

Table 33–Shutdownsfollowinganemergency

Chart 55–Shutdowns Chart 56–Daysofshutdown

1

22

0

2

4

6

8

10

Grafico 51 - Le fermate

2006 2007 2008

3

2009

11

13

0

10

20

30

Grafico 52 - Giornate di fermate

2006 2007 2008

7

2009

Giorni di fermata registrati

Investment in safetyBetween 2006 and 2009 Saras invested over EUR 24 million in projectsand policies to continually upgrade safety levels at its refinery, spendingon average around EUR 6 million a year. The main measures funded in2009 involved both the improvement of existing safety equipment andmodificationstoplantandproductmovementsystems,asfollows:• fittingoffurtherproductvolumeinterceptionvalvestotheFCCplant• replacement of glass ‘klingers’ with magnetic ones in the processing

plants• continuedupgradingofthefirepreventionsystemandnewequipment• continuedupgradingofthefireandhydrocarbondetectionsystems• completionofupgradeoffireprotectionsystemsatthealkalisationand

T1plants• safetyimprovementswithinthetankcontainmentbasins

2006 2007 2008 2009

Numberofshutdowns 2 2 1 3

Numberofdaysofshutdown 11 1 3 7

98

Safety

Table 34–Investmentinsafety(EURthousands/year)

2006 2007 2008 2009

Investments 5,395 6,740 6,345 6,608

Chart 57–Investmentinsafety(EURthousands/year)Grafico 53 - Investimenti per la sicurezza (migliaia di Euro/anno)

2006 2007 2008

5,395

6,7406,345

2009

6,608

2.,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

Group companies

The charts opposite show the results of the main accident indices forGroupcompanies.DatafortheSarrochsitehavealreadybeenprovided.NeithertheSarasheadofficeinMilan,norArcola,SarluxandSardeolica,havereportedanyaccidentsentailingalossofworkingdays,eitherinthecaseoftheiremployeesorthestaffofexternalcompanies.Akhela reported an accident among the staff of an external company,andthehighvalueoftheindexistheresultofthesmallnumberofhoursworkedbyexternalcompanies.Sartecreportedanaccidentamongitsownstaffandtheindexvalueof3.46,whenscaledtoworkinghours,islessthantheGroupaverage.Thetotalfrequencyindex(Chart55)andtotalseverityindex(Chart57onpage94)showthesametrend.Inthefollowingcharts,the“Total”columnshowsthefigureforthesumofaccidentsamongdirectandindirectemployeescomparedwiththesumofhoursworkedbythoseemployees.Employees at the Sarroch site have a greater influence on the Group’sfigures,sincethehourstheyworkrepresent57%ofthetotal inthecaseofdirectemployeesand91%inthecaseofthestaffofexternalcompanies.

99

Safety

18.8

715

.85

2.19

3.96

2.26 3.

493.

46

3.16

3.15

4.76

3.98

11.5

9

13.8

1

5.77

8.51

7.41

9.70

7.53 8.

355.

708.

41

6.39

8.39

2.00

6.00

10.00

14.00

18.00

2008 2009

Grafico ?? - Indice di frequenza TOTALE

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ARCOLA AKHELA SARTEC SARLUX SARAS Milan SARAS Sarroch SARDEOLICASARAS GROUP

AVERAGE

Chart 58–Totalfrequencyindex

18.8

7

15.8

5

2.19

1.98

3.49

3.46

3.16

3.15

6.44

7.53

2.26

4.90

3.43

5.56

4.14 4.

93

4.93

4.92

2.28 2.

98

2.00

6.00

10.00

14.00

18.00

Grafico ?? - Indice di frequenza INAIL

2008 2009

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ARCOLA AKHELA SARTEC SARLUX SARAS Milan SARAS Sarroch SARDEOLICA SARAS GROUPAVERAGE

Chart 59–INAILfrequencyindex

100

Safety

Ore lavoratedipendenti diretti

Arcola2% Akhela

15%

Sartec11%

Sarlux1%

Saras Milano9%

Sardeolica2%

Saras Sarroch60%

Chart 61–Hoursworkedbydirectemployees

0.49

0.41

0.06

0.05

0.20

0.02

0.02

0.18

0.17

0.38

0.06

0.15

*

0.15

0.09

0.21

0.10

0.25

0.06 0.

080.

18

0.05

0.15

0.25

0.35

0.45

Grafico ?? - Indice di gravità

2008 2009

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ARCOLA AKHELA SARTEC SARLUX SARAS Milan SARAS Sarroch SARDEOLICA SARAS GROUPAVERAGE

Chart 60–Accidentseverityindex

*TheseverityindexdoesnotincludefatalaccidentsinvolvingindirectemployeesofSarasSarroch.

101

Safety

ore lavorate totali

Sardeolica0.8%

Akhela6.1% Sartec

4.2%Sarlux0.4%

Arcola0.9%

Saras Milano3.9%

Saras Sarroch83.8%

Chart 63–Totalhoursworked

ore lavorate dipendenti ditte esterne

Saras Sarroch

Saras Milano1%

Sardeolica

Sarlux 0.2%

0.3%

Sartec0.6%Akhela

1.1%Arcola0.3%

96,4%

Chart 62–Hoursworkedbystaffofexternalcompanies

Employees at the Sarroch site have a greater influence on the Group’s

figures,sincethehourstheyworkrepresent57%ofthetotal inthecase

ofdirectemployees(Chart61)and91%inthecaseofthestaffofexternal

companies(Chart62).

Glossary

Glo

ssar

y

105

Glossary

Waterderivingfromtheballastingofemptyshipswithseawater.

Thereliabilityofapieceofequipmentisdefinedastheprobabilitythatitwillfunctioncorrectly,foraspecificperiodoftime,undercertainconditions.

The AIA (integrated environmental authorisation) permit is a provision authorisingoperationofaplant,whileimposingmeasuresfortheavoidanceorreductionofemissionsinto the air, water or soil in order to achieve a high level of overall environmentalprotection. The AIA permit replaces all other environmental permits, authorisations,approvalsoropinionsspecifiedbylawandintheimplementationlegislation

Theseareregionalagenciestaskedwithenvironmentalmonitoringandcontrolatlocallevel.TheywereestablishedunderLaw61of1994,togetherwithANPA(AgenziaNazionaleper laProtezionedell’Ambiente - the ItalianAgency forEnvironmentalProtectionandTechnical Services), now ISPRA and formerly also known as APAT, which directs andco-ordinatestheregionalagenciesandthosebased inItaly’sautonomousprovinces. Intheyearsthatfollowed,allofItaly’sregionsandautonomousprovincessetuptheirownagencies.ARPASardinia(ARPAS)wascreatedunderRegionalLaw6of18May2006.

A term used in various contexts to mean verification by inspection or assessment.It indicates a systematic, independent and documented process to obtain evidence(registrations,declarationsoffactorotherinformation)andtoassessitobjectively,withtheaimofdeterminingtheextenttowhichthecriteriaoftheverificationbyinspection(policies,proceduresorrequirements)havebeenmet.

A mixture of hydrocarbons made up of fractions from various refining processes. Inambienttemperatureandpressureconditionsittakesaliquidform.

Anyaction,whetherphysical,chemicalorbiological,tosanitisesituationsofcontaminationortoremovedisusedplantsinordertoeliminateorlimitriskstohumanhealthand/ortotheenvironment.

Agasproducedbytheincompletecombustionofvehiclefuelsandfossilfuels.Themainsourceisgasolineenginesthatdonothavecatalyticconverters.

Anodourless,colourless,flavourlessgasproducedfromthecombustion,respirationanddecompositionoforganicmaterial.ItscharacteristicsincludetheabilitytoabsorbinfraredradiationemittedbytheEarth’ssurface,therebycontributingtothegreenhouseeffect.

Thequantityofoxygenneeded tooxidise theorganiccontentofwaste, includingnon-biodegradablematter.

The process by which two different energy products, such as electricity and heat, canbegeneratedtogetherbyasingle,purpose-builtplant,resulting inhighenvironmentalefficiency.

BALLAST WATER

RELIABILITy

AIA PERMIT

ARPAs(Agenzie Regionali Protezione

Ambiente - Regional Environmental Protection

Agencies)

AuDIT

GASOLINE

REMEDIATION

CO (carbon monoxide)

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

COD (chemical oxygen demand)

COGENERATION

106

DESuLPHuRISATION

DISTILLATION

GREENHOuSE EFFECT

EMAS (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme)

EMISSIONS TRADING

EMISSION

EPER (European Pollutant Emission Register)

WHOLESALE

FILTER CAKE

Theprocessfortreatingoilfractionsinordertoreducethesulphurcontentinrefined

products.

The process of progressive separation of crude oil components in the distillation

column–intothebaseofwhichthecrudeoilisinjected–viathecounterflowofliquid

andgas,whichrespectivelyabsorbtheheavierandlightercomponents.

A gradual increase in average atmospheric temperature due to the increased

concentrationofgases intheatmosphere.Substancesthatcontributesignificantly to

thegreenhouseeffect(greenhousegases)includechlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),carbon

dioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),nitrogenoxides(NOX)andsulphurhexafluoride(SF6).

EstablishedbyEECRegulation1836/93,updatedbyECRegulation761/2001(EMAS

II),thisisavoluntaryschemeintendedtopromotecontinuousimprovementinthe

environmentalefficiencyofindustrialactivities.Undertheregulations,participating

companiesmustadoptenvironmentalmanagementsystemsattheirproductionsites

based on policies, programmes, procedures and objectives aimed at improving the

environment,andmustpublishanenvironmentaldeclaration.Beforea sitecanbe

addedtotheregistersetupbytheEuropeanCommission,thisdeclarationmustbe

approvedbyaninspectoraccreditedbyanauthorisednationalbody.InItaly,thisbody

istheEcolabelandEcoauditcommittee,whichhasbeenoperationalsince1997and

workswiththetechnicalsupportofISPRA.

On13October2003,theEuropeanCommissionpublishedtheEuropeandirectiveon

emissionstrading(Directive2003/87/EC),betterknownastheemissionstradingsys-

tem.Thekeypointsestablishedbythedirectiveareasfollows:from1January2005no

plantsfallingwithinthescopeofthedirectivemayemitCO2(i.e.continuetooperate)

withoutappropriateauthorisation;eachyeartheoperatorsoftheseplantsmustsur-

renderCO2allowancesequaltothosereleasedintotheatmospheretothecompetent

nationalauthority;maximumCO2allowanceshavebeensetforeveryplantregulated

bythedirective;CO2emissionseffectivelyreleasedintotheatmospherearemonitored

inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthecompetentnationalauthorityandcertified

byanaccreditedinspector.

Thedischargeofanysolid,liquidorgaseoussubstanceintotheecosystemfromaplant

oranyothersource,whichcanhaveadirectorindirecteffectontheenvironment.

TheEuropeanPollutantEmissionRegisterwassetupbytheEuropeanCommission

withitsdecisionof17July2000(2000/479/EC)inaccordancewithArticle15ofEuro-

peanCouncilDirective96/61/EConintegratedpollutionpreventionandcontrol.Itis

theEU’sfirstandmostwide-rangingrecordofemissionsintotheairandwaterfrom

industrialplants.

Referstothewholesalemarketinoilproductssoldtocustomerssuchasindustries,

consortiaandpublicbodies.

The solid formed from the gasification of heavy refinery products. It contains high

percentagesofmetalssuchasiron,vanadium,carbonandnickel.el.

107

DIESEL

IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle)

IMMISSION

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

CAM INDEX (classification of seawater)

INAIL FREQuENCy INDEX

TOTAL FREQuENCy INDEX

SEVERITy INDEX

INES (National Inventory of Emissions and their Sources)

IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

Amixofhydrocarbonsprincipallyobtainedfromtheprimarydistillationofcrudeoil.

Aplantthatallowsforproductionofsynthesisgas(syngas)fromheavyhydrocarbonsand

subsequentcombined-cycleproductionofelectricityandheat.

The release of a pollutant into the atmosphere or water, which then spreads into the

environment.Theconcentrationofthepollutantismeasuredatadistancefromthepoint

atwhichitwasemitted.

Anychangetotheenvironment,whetheradverseorbeneficial,whollyorpartiallyresulting

fromanorganisation’sactivities,productsorservices.

This index isused tomonitor thecoastalmarineenvironment, interpreting thevalues

measured and placing them in one of three categories of seawater quality, assessed

according to the degree of eutrophication of coastal systems and potential health and

hygienerisks:

Highquality-uncontaminatedwater

Averagequality-waterwithvaryingdegreesofeutrophication,butecologicallyintact

Lowquality-eutrophicwaterwithevidenceofenvironmentalchangesthatarepartlydue

tohumanactivity

Calculatedusingthenumberofaccidentsreportedbythecompanytotheworkaccident

compensationauthority(INAIL)andthenumberofhoursworked(calculatedusingthe

formula:numberofaccidentsreportedtoINAILx106/hoursworked).

Calculatedusing the totalnumberofverifiedevents(accidents reported to INAILand

medication)andthenumberofhoursworked(calculatedusingtheformula:numberof

eventsx106/hoursworked).

Expresses,withreferencetoagivenperiodoftime,theratioofthenumberofdays’sick

leave due to accidents to the number of hours worked (calculated using the formula:

numberofworkingdayslostx103/hoursworked).

TheinventorysetuppursuanttoLegislativeDecree372of4August1999(implementing

Directive 96/61/EC) and to decrees issued by the Ministry for the Environment on 23

November 2001 and 26 April 2002. The register contains information on the emissions

ofItalianindustrialsitesthataresubjecttoIPPClegislation.Thelegislationstatesthat

suchcompaniesmustsubmitqualitativeandquantitativedatatoISPRA(formerlyAPAT)

eachyearinrelationtoasetlistofpollutantspresentingaseousandaqueouswastefrom

theirplants.ThisinformationisthensubmittedtotheMinistryfortheEnvironmentfor

forwardingtotheEuropeanCommissionandinclusionintheEPERregister.

AEuropeandirectiveof1996relatingtothereductionofpollutionfromthevariousplaces

whereitisemittedthroughouttheEuropeanUnion,implementedinItalybyLegislative

Decree59/2005.

108

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISPRA(Institute for Environmental

Protection and Research)

kWh (kilowatt-hour)

MW (Megawatt)

MWh (megawatt-hour)

NOX (nitrogen oxides)

OHSAS (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series)

FuEL OIL

PIEzOMETER

PM10

An international non-governmental organisation based in Geneva, to which the

standard-settingbodiesofaround140countriesbelong.Itisresponsibleforexamining,

draftinganddistributing to the international community standards relatingmainly

to environmental management (ISO 14000) and quality assurance (ISO 9000) for

companiesinallsectors.

AnItalianresearchbody,createdin2008throughthemergerofthreeentitiescontrolled

bytheMinistryfortheEnvironment–APAT(AgenziaperlaProtezionedell’Ambiente

eperiServiziTecnici-AgencyforEnvironmentalProtectionandTechnicalServices),

ICRAM(IstitutoCentraleperlaRicercaScientificaeTecnologicaApplicataalMare

-CentralInstituteforScientificandTechnologicalResearchAppliedtotheSea)and

INFS(IstitutoNazionaleperlaFaunaSelvatica-NationalInstituteforWildlife)–in

ordertostreamlinetheworkdonebythesethreebodiesandensuregreaterefficiency

inenvironmentalprotectionwhilehelpingtocontainpublicspending.

A unit of measurement of electricity generated or consumed, equal to the power

generatedby1kWinonehour.

AmultipleofkW(kilowatt),theunitofmeasurementofapowerstation’spower,i.e.

itsenergy-generatingcapacity. Italsomeasures thepowerconsumedbyan itemof

electricalequipment.1MW=1,000kW.

Unit of measurement of electricity generated or consumed, equal to the power

producedby1MWinonehourandequivalentto1,000kWh.

Gaseous compounds consisting of nitrogen and oxygen (NO, NO2, etc.), normally

releasedduringthecombustionoffossilfuelswhenfreenitrogen(N2)isoxidised.In

theatmosphere theyare themainagents responsible forphotochemical smogand,

afterSO2,thebiggestcauseofacidrain.

RegulationsdevelopedtoreplacethepreviousBritishStandard8800inordertomeet

thegrowingdemandforarecognisedstandardontheorganisationneededtomanage

healthandsafety.OHSAS18001certificationwasdevelopedtobecompatiblewithISO

14001andISO9001andallowfortheadoptionofanintegratedmanagementsystem.

Aheavyfractionobtainedinoilrefiningandusedasafuel,increasinglyinaformwith

lowsulphurcontent,inordertolimitnegativeeffectsontheenvironmentintermsof

atmosphericemissions(chieflySO2andparticles).

A small-diameter tube or well inserted into a body of water and used to measure,

bymeansofthewaterlevelreachedinsidethetube,thepiezometriclevel(theline

wherepointswithalevelequaltothatofthebodyofwaterarelocated)atasetpoint.

Particulateswithadiameteroflessthan10mm(1mm=1micrometre),whichcan

pass through the airways and reach the lungs and are a potential health hazard,

dependingonthesubstanceswhichtheycontain.

109

PPM (parts per million)

KyOTO PROTOCOL

TSPs (total suspended particulates)

REFINING

yIELD

REVAMPING

MAJOR-ACCIDENT HAzARD

MANAGEMENT SySTEM

SO2 (sulphur dioxide)

TOE (ton of oil equivalent)

SuLPHuR

Aunitofmeasurementoftheconcentrationofasubstancepresentinsmallquantitiesin

aliquidorgas.

An agreement approved by the Conference of the Parties in Kyoto, 1-10 December

1997, containing the initial decisions on the implementation of some commitments of

theUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UN-FCCC),whichwas

approved in 1992 and ratified by Italy in 1994. The agreement came into force on 16

February2005,followingratificationbyRussia.Fortheprotocoltobecomemandatoryat

internationallevel,ithadtoberatifiedbyatleast55countries.Theprotocol’skeypoints

includeacommitmentbytheindustrialisedcountries(includingItaly)tocutemissions

of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide, hydrofluorocarbons,

perfluorocarbonsandsulphurhexafluoride)byatleast5%comparedto1990levelsduring

thecommitmentperiod2008-2012.Thesamecountriesmustalsodrawupprojects for

the protection of woodland, forests and agricultural land which absorb carbon dioxide

andeachcreateanationalsystemforassessmentofgasemissions.Theymaygaincarbon

credits by assisting developing countries to avoid pollutant emissions. The signatory

countries will be subject to sanction if they fail to meet the targets set. The rules for

developingcountriesaremoreflexible.

Thesearetinysolidparticulatessuspendedintheair.Theymostlycomprisecarbonaceous

materialabletoabsorbvarioustypesofcompoundontoitssurface.

Processes for the transformation of crude oil into derivatives with various qualities

(principallyLPG,lightgasoline,naphtha,kerosene,dieselandresidues).

Theyieldofamachineisdefinedastheratiobetweenthepowerdistributed(orenergy

generated)andthepowerabsorbed(orenergyconsumed)atagiventime.Thegreater

theyield,themoreefficientthemachine;thelowertheyield,themoreenergywasted.

Measurestakenatindustrialplantstoimproveorincreaseprocessingcapacity.

The probability that an event linked to an uncontrolled development in an industrial

activitycouldgiverisetoseriousdanger,eitherimmediatelyorinthefuture,forpeople

andtheenvironment.

Theorganisationalstructure,planningactivities,responsibilities,procedures,practices,

processesandresourcestoformulate,implement,achieve,reviewandmaintaincontrol,

wherepossible,overalltheinternalandexternalvariablesofanorganisation.

Acolourlessgaswithapungentodourreleasedwhenfossilfuelscontainingsulphurare

burnt.IntheatmospherehighconcentrationsofSO2arethemaincauseofacidrain.

Aunitofmeasurementconventionallyusedtodeterminetheenergycontainedinvarious

sourcestakingintoaccounttheircalorificvalue..

Achemicalelementpresent incrudeoil in the formof sulphurcompounds.Following

recoveryviadesulphurisationprocesses,sulphurissoldforusebythechemicalsindustry.

Note

Note

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