BRONZE AGE

PRESENTED BYSAREENA MUHAMMED ALI

SOCIAL SCIENCE BATCHBADHARIYA BEd COLLEGE

VELICHIKKALAKOLLAM

URBANISATION

EMERGENCE OF THE ART OF WRITING

INVENTION OF COUNTING

MAIN FEATURES OF BRONZE AGE

RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

1. EGYPT (3000 – 1780 BC)2. SUMER (3200 – 1200 BC)3. BABYLON (1800 BC)4. CHINA (3000 – 1600 BC)5. HARAPPA (3000 BC)

CIVILIZATIONS OF BRONZE AGE

EGYPT (3000 – 1780 BC) GIFT OF THE NILE

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION WERE ACCORDING TO THE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE FLOODING OF THE NILE RIVER

PHARAOH

KINGS OF EGYPT WERE KNOWN AS ‘PHARAOHS’

HIEROGLYPHICS

HIEROGLYPHICS MEAN ‘THE HOLY SCRIPT’

THIS SCRIPT IS READ FROM RIGHT TO LEFT

PYRAMID CONTENTS OF

PYRAMID◦ MUMMIES◦ DEAD BODIES OF THEIR

FAVOURITES◦ WEAPONS, CLOTHS AND

JEWELLERY USED BY THEM◦ IMMENSE GOLD , SILVER

AND GEMS

CONTENTS OF PYRAMID

◦MUMMIES

◦DEAD BODIES OF THEIR FAVOURITES

WEAPONS, CLOTHS AND JEWELLERY USED BY THEM

IMMENSE GOLD , SILVER AND GEMS

SUMER (3200-1200 BC) THE LAND LYING BETWEEN

THE RIVERS EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS, FLOWING THROUGH THE PRESENT DAY IRAQ WAS KNOWN AS MESOPOTAMIA.

A BRONZE AGE CIVILIZATION DEVELOPED THERE FIRST IN SUMER.

IN THE BIBLE THIS PLACE IS KNOWN AS SHINAR

ZIGGURATS

A TEMPLE OR A COMPLEX OF TEMPLES IS CALLED A ZIGGURAT

MAIN CROPS OF SUMER WERE BARLEY, WHEAT, PULSES, DATES, GRAPES, ETC.

THE ANIMALS THEY KEPT WERE GOATS, SHEEP, PIGS AND DONKEYS

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY WAS AN ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE REGIONS ECONOMY

CROPS AND ANIMAL WEALTH

CUNEIFORM WRITING

THE SCRIPT HAD SYMBOLS IN THE SHAPE OF WOODEN WEDGES IMPRINTED ON CLAY VERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY

THIS WRITING ARE TO BE READ FROM RIGHT TO LEFT

THIS SCRIPT WAS PERFECTED BY 3000 BC

BABYLON

ANCIENT BABILONIAN CIVILIZATION IS ANOTHER PART OF MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION

COMPREHENSIVE LEGAL CODE INTRODUCED BY HAMMURABI IS THE POLICY OF PUNISHMENT BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF ‘AN EYE FOR AN EYE, A TOOTH FOR A TOOTH’.

LEGAL CODE OF HAMMURABI

CHINA (3000 – 1600 BC)

IT WAS IN THE HWANG HO RIVER VALLEY THAT THE ANCIENT CHINESE CIVILIZATION GREW AND DEVELOPED

CHINESE CLAY POTS

CHINESE SCRIPT THE PICTORIAL SCRIPT

OF THE CHINESE WAS DIFFERENT FROM THE CUNEIFORM AND HIEROGLYPHICS SCRIPT

ONE SIGN SHOULD FOR ONE WORD

THE SCRIPT WAS WRITTEN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM

HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION (3000 BC)

HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION IS ALSO KNOWN AS INDUSVALLEY CIVILIZATION

THE EVIDENCE OF THIS CIVILIZATION WAS OBTAINED FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED AT HARAPPA AND MOHANJODARO IN 1921

GREAT BATH

THE SPECIAL FEACTURE OF MOHANJADARO IS THE GREAT BATH

HARAPPAN PRIEST

HARAPPAN SEALS

HARAPPAN SEAL PASUPATHI SEAL

WHEN USED ON HARD SURFACES, TOOLS MADE OF BRONZE BREAK

COPPER AND LEAD ARE COMPARATIVELY RARE METALS

ONLY EXPERT METAL WORKERS CAN MAKE THE ALLOY

LIMITATIONS OF BRONZE AGE

THANK YOU