SAR/DR Mission Aircrew Refresher SER FL051, …fl051.flwg.us/resources/site2298/General/Mission...
Transcript of SAR/DR Mission Aircrew Refresher SER FL051, …fl051.flwg.us/resources/site2298/General/Mission...
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SAR/DR Mission Aircrew Refresher SER FL051, Charlotte County Composite Squadron, Civil Air Patrol
Part 1 of 3
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Class Outline CAP Reference Material
Mission Aircrew Responsibilities
Primary Missions
1) Electronic Search
2) Visual Search
3) Aerial Photographer Imagery Mission Patterns
Using the GPS
GNS 400W Series GPS
G-1000 (Coupled with KAP140 Autopilot or Integrated GFC700 Flight Management System)
GTN 650 WAAS Touchscreen
Handheld GPS programs on I Pad; ForeFlight/GPS Pilot/Wing X
Typical Mission Responsibilities in a SAREX
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CAP Reference Material FL051 Charlotte County
Website: fl051.flwg.us
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CAP Reference Material NESA Mission Aircrew
http://nesa.cap.gov/download-curriculum-materials/
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CAP Reference Material NESA Mission Aircrew School
http://nesa.cap.gov/mas-curriculum-2
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CAP Aircrew Responsibilities Mission Pilot Responsibilities
Aircraft Flight and Ground Safety
Aircraft Navigational Safety
Precision of Flight Path for Mission (Airspeed, Altitude & Location)
Mission Observer Responsibilities
Mission Planning
Mission Navigation Support to Pilot
Mission Logging Support to Aerial Photographer
CAP Communications
Visual Observation
Overall Mission Accomplishment
Aerial Photographer Responsibilities
Camera Equipment Preparations
Customer Requirements
Navigational Directions in the Imagery Area
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Normal Mission Crew
3 Members
MP, MO, MS or AP
“Abnormal” Crew
2 Members
MP & MO or AP
Who is “In Charge”
For Aircraft and Aircrew Safety Mission Pilot (MP) “PIC”
For CAP Mission Accomplishment (Mission Briefing, Correct
Targets, Navigation, Proper Documentation, Mission Debrief) Mission
Observer (MO)
For Quality of Search or AP Mission (Correct Targets, Sufficient
Target Coverage, Acceptable Imagery Quality, etc) Mission Scanner
(MS)/Aerial Photographer (AP)
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Audio Panel Tactical Radio
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Audio Panel Tactical Radio
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Contains two independent receivers
– Main
Has many CAP channels and most USCG marine channels
Has it’s own volume control
– Guard
The guard receiver has two CAP channels
Has it’s own volume control
Contains one transmitter
– Can transmit on either the Main channel or the Guard channel
CAP Tactical Radio TDFM 136
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The Tactical Radio
TDFM 136 CAP Radio You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo195qvbRAM&index=2&list=PLG6esggQDDa1CTEAr5x2zmplbShSCV_ZN
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Technisonic TDFM-136 Radio
MAIN CHAN UP OOOPS! CHAN
DOWN GUARD1/2 HIGH PWR
MAIN Display Line GUARD Display Line
DIM
BRIGHT Rx/Tx
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CAP Mission Frequencies
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CAP Mission Frequencies
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Esca
mb
ia
San
ta R
osa
Walton
Oka
lo
osa
Washington Ba
y
Holmes
Jackson
Liberty
Leon
Franklin
Wakulla
Gadsden
Gulf
Madison
Taylor
Hamilton
Dixie
Co
lum
bia
Gilchrist Levy
Nassau Du
val Baker
Clay
Bra
dfo
rd
Alachua
Marion
Pasco
St.
Joh
ns
Putnam
Volusia B
revard
Hernando
Citrus
Pin
ella
s
Polk
Su mt
er
DeSoto
Lee Coll
ier
Hardee
Hendry
Highlands
Indian River
Palm Beach
Martin
Broward Miami-Dade
Monroe
Glades
Manatee
St. Lucie
GROUP ONE (6)
GROUP TWO (6)
GROUP THREE (4)
GROUP FIVE (4)
GROUP SIX (3)
GROUP SEVEN (3)
Charlotte
Seminole
Lake
Osceola
Orange
Tampa
RP-2919
R32
Pensacola
RP-2917
R46
Crestview
RP-2902
R33
Jacksonville**
RP-2907 –
R09
Mariana
RP2916
R62
Ocala
RP-2914
R01
Gainesville
RP-2906
R50
Daytona Beach
RP-2903
R56
Orlando
RP-2915
R25
Lake Placid
RP-2910
R18
Live Oak
RP-2911
R12
Tallahassee
RP 2918
R39
Dauphine AL
RP-???
???
K.S.C.
RP-2908
R58
CIVIL AIR PATROL
FLORIDA WING
Repeaters & Groups
Martin Ft Myers
RP-2901
R44
Marco Island
RP- 2904
R31
Ft Pierce
RP-2920
R50
WPB
RP-2921
R21
Miami
RP-2913
R13
Oakland Pk
RP-2905
Marathon
RP-2912
R14
Key West
RP-2909**
*PROPOSED SITES
FOUO
FOUO
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CAP Mission Frequencies
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CAP Mission Frequencies
P= Digital
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CAP Airborne Repeaters
• Aircraft must be Equipped with compatible Power and external
Antenna.
• Aircraft will usually fly “Race Track” Pattern at High Altitude
(6000’ or above) Depending on Coverage Required.
• Two Airborne Repeaters in Florida Wing.
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CAP Mission Communications Initial Radio Check on the Ground
Report of Takeoff Time (Wheels UP)
Operations Normal (Ops Normal) at Designated times
on the Clock
In Search Sector (Photo Area) / Commencing Search
Out of Search Sector (Photo Area) / Completed Search
Request Further Instructions
Returning to Base
Report of Landing Time (Wheels Down)
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Primary Mission – Electronic Search
Aircraft ELTs (Electronic Locator Transmitters)
Marine – EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
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• Activated by g-force (when armed) – Some can be activated by the pilot in the cockpit
• Three frequencies: – 121.5 MHz (VHF emergency)
– 243 MHz (UHF emergency – military guard)
– 406 MHz (third generation advanced ELT/EPIRB/PLB)
• General types: – General aviation aircraft
– Military (“beepers” or “beacons”)
– Marine EPIRB
– Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs)
– Advanced (406 MHz)
– Test station (training practice beacon)
Practice Beacon Frequency 121.775
The ELT
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©2000 Scott E. Lanis 26
NO SIGNAL
SIGNAL HEARD!
NO SIGNAL ELT
Beginning The Search: Altitude Selection
• Higher altitudes allow for reception of the ELT signal at greater distances • ELTs transmit on 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz, both of which limit
reception to “line of sight” • Terrain will block ELT signals • HIGHER is therefore usually BETTER to acquire a signal • Medium altitude is generally better for searching (after signal heard)
– 3,000 to 5,000 AGL
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Aircraft Radio Dialed to 121.5 (or practice 121.775) Squelch OFF
Finding 121.5 Signal using the Aircraft Radio
• Aircraft UHF Radio (Comm 1 or Comm 2) is usually much more
Sensitive than Becker or L-Tronics Receiver from a Distance.
•Altitude is your Friend!
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SIGNAL
ELT
NULL
NULL
NULL
Wing Shadowing:
Signal Blocking For Antennas Above the Wings
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Primary Mission – Electronic Search
L-Tronics DF
Normal Flight : Alarm toggle in ‘up’ position Red Light will illuminate when Frequency is detected Direction Finding: toggle is ‘down’ for DF to work
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Becker SAR-DF 517 • Completely different theory of
operation from L-Tronics DF
– Pseudo Doppler Shift
– The advanced ELT course has an explanation
• Easy to use
• Displays a delayed average heading to the beacon
• Can be used on 121.5, 243.0, or on 406.025 MHz
• Some Newer Models able to process newest ELTs, EPIRBs, & PLBs (Sort of!!)
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CAP Airborne Direction Finder Modernization Efforts: CAP’s National Headquarters is currently modernizing its fleet of Becker SAR-DF 517 equipped aircraft with the RHOTHETA RT-600 airborne DF. New aircraft are being acquired with the RT-600. Based on available funding, the RT-600 may be used to replace unrepairable SAR-DF 517 units. Some SAR-DF 517 units are getting newer Software The DF-600 uses state of the market technology to simultaneously monitor all 406 MHz Distress Beacon channels.
Notes on 406 Transmitters
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Becker – NEW OR OLD Version??
Old Version On Power-up Choose between Training & Emergency
New Version On Power-up No Choice
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Becker Operations
• Power
• Mode
• Page
• Tune
• Squelch
• DF
• Locate
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Power
• POWER Press the ON/OFF button—unit should power up and illuminate
• Be prepared to execute the next steps…
• If you’re not fast enough, you may need to recycle power (turn it off and back on)
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Mode • MODE Using the PAGE knob (upper
right knob), select: • EMERGENCY for an actual SAR or • TRAINING for a training mission • This setting can only be changed on
power up • Recycle power to change the Mode • After setting EMERGENCY or TRAINING,
just WAIT until the unit automatically goes to the next page
• The “wait time” is about 15 seconds • Don’t push any buttons or turn any
knobs during this period
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Page
• Use the PAGE knob to cycle to desired page
• Page 1 is most like an ADF
• Page 2 is good for forward quarter only
• Page 3 is most easily read by the entire crew, but only in relative bearing
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Tune • The lower-right +/- knob changes
the frequency • You want 121,500 for an actual SAR
or 121,775 for training • You can alternately use 243,000 or
243,550 respectively • You will only be able to select
training frequencies while in the training mode
• Similarly, you can only select actual SAR frequencies in the emergency mode
• 156,800 is for Marine Band Channel 16 EPIRBs
• Notice the commas: the Becker is made in Europe; the commas replace a decimal point
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Squelch • Adjust the squelch knob on the
upper left of the unit • The squelch knob may be
marked SQL or DIM (depending when your Becker was made)
• Adjust the small triangle arrow until it is pointing barely above the solid bar
• The solid bar represents static or ambient noise, but you will want to listen and make sure that the “static” is not actually a signal
• When trying to acquire a signal, you may want the squelch all the way down
• You may also want to do this to make sure you can hear audio from the Becker
• Turn the lower left knob to adjust the volume to a comfortable listening level
Squelch Knob
Squelch Setting Triangle
Ambient Noise Level
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DF (Direction Find) • Follow the relative bearings to the ELT • Use homing procedures like an ADF • Correct for strong winds, if known • Remember that these are RELATIVE bearings with the nose of
the aircraft being 360°/ 000° !!! • If you are showing a >006> that means turn right 6° • If the unit shows <354<, then turn LEFT 6°
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Becker Direction Finding Notes
• The clear marbles indicate when the Becker first and last receives the ELT signal in its circle
• Watching the clear marbles will give you an indication of how coherent your DF solution is
– The marbles will always jump around; if they jump around a LOT you don’t have a good DF
– You can test this by seeing what your indications are when you reduce the squelch enough to “DF” static
– The clear marbles will jump all over the place
– Static can sometimes look like a carrier-only signal
• The dark marble should be fairly stable on an actual signal because of signal-averaging software
>020>
DARK MARBLE
CLEAR MARBLES
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Locate
• After flying over the ELT, you should get a “station passage” indication
• Turn around and re-DF to locate the target
• This is similar to locating with the L-Tronics DF
• If you keep the signal at 090 or 270, you can fly a “turn around a point” using the DF
• If the target isn’t visually significant, this will give your Scanner(s) the opportunity to put eyes on the target
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Becker Thoughts • Look to the “dark marble” to indicate the relative direction of
the signal; this acts as an ADF-type pointer
• If you do not have an operable training beacon to practice with, pick an AWOS, ASOS, or other continuously-transmitting source that is within the training frequency range. If you tune it in (see the manual, training mode only) you can DF it. A caution with this method, however, is that an AWOS transmits at least 250 times the power level of an ELT. This makes DFing an AWOS much easier than an ELT
• Be careful with the unit as it costs roughly $10,000. MAKE SURE THE UNIT IS OFF DURING ENGINE START/SHUTDOWN. Some installations have the DF independent of the avionics master and the unit is sensitive to surges from start/shutdown.
• The complete user manual is available at http://www.beckerusa.com
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After Locating The ELT
• After location, coordinate with ground teams to bring them on-scene
• Use radio communication and relay GPS coordinates
• Pick up the ground team at a predetermined location and lead them to the target
• Alternately, coordinate a new pick up point on the radio
• Practice your air-to-ground coordination skills often
– try it both with and without radio communication
• Air-to-ground is CAP’s best unique ES skill!
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Becker SAR-DF 517
Becker SAR DF-517.wmv